The Hindu Handwritten Notes HD 26 08 2021

26-08-2021
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ANALYSIS
The Hindu News Analysis – 26th August 2021

S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T
1 RBI extends tokenisation to laptops, other devices 14 12 14 16 12
2 Negotiating the new global climate policy (Editorial) 8 6 6 10 6
3 Campaign for one million soak pits in 100 days 10 8 8 12 8
4 Income and quotas (Editorial) 8 6 6 10 6
5 RSS-affiliated trade union slams monetisation plan 12 10 10 14 10
6 Cabinet clears ₹15,000 cr. NMP-linked FDI proposal 14 12 14 16 12
7 It’s time for Industry 4.0 (OPED) 9 7 7 11 7
8 Canara Bank raises ₹2,500 cr. through QIP 14 12 14 16 12
9 Prelims Practice Questions

10 Mains Practice Questions
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
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26-08-2021
Tokenisation
• Replacement of actual card details with an

alternate code, “token”.
• Token - for a combination of card, token requestor

and device.
 Token requestor - entity accepting request from

the customer for tokenisation of a card.
• Working:
 Card holder - initiates request on the token

requestor’s app.
 Token requestor - forwards request to the card

Pg: 14 – C, D network.
Pg: 12 – B, T
 Card network - with consent of the card issuer,
Pg: 16 – H;
issues a token.
• Service is free of charge to the customer.
• De-tokenisation - token converted back to  Primary Account Number (PAN) - cannot be

actual card details. stored by token requestor.
• Tokenisation and de-tokenisation - only by the  Protects against counterfeit, account

authorised card network. misuse, and other forms of frauds.
• Need/Benefit: • Goal - reducing or eliminating the risk of
 To ensure the safety of the card transaction. loss of sensitive data, and to avoid the
expensive process of notification, loss
 Tokenised card transaction - card details
reimbursement, and legal action.
not shared with the merchant during
transaction processing. • Not mandatory.
 Actual card data, token and other relevant

details - stored in a secure mode by the
authorised card networks.
26-08-2021
• Restrictions: Practice Question – Prelims

 Not allowed in all scenarios or instances. Q. Which among the following refers to the
 Previously - only allowed through mobile
replacement of sensitive data such as
actual card details with an alternate code
phones and/or tablets, for all purposes and
to ensure the safety of the card
channels.
transaction?
 Now - scope extended to laptops, desktops, a) Operation Twist
wearables (wristwatches and bands), and
b) Net Neutrality
Internet of Things devices.
c) Tokenisation
d) FASTag
Pg: 8 – C
Pg: 6 – B, D, T
Pg: 10 – H;
26-08-2021
Part A—Preliminary Examination Concepts

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Net zero emission - all man- made greenhouse gas
 Current events of national and international
emissions removed from the atmosphere through
importance.
reduction measures.
 General issues on Environmental ecology,
Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do • Negative emissions - capturing more of GHG than we
not require subject specialization. produce.
Part B—Main Examination
• Total emission - total amount of GHG emitted by a
PAPER-III
country.
General Studies- III: Technology, Economic
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, • Emissions per capita - total amount of CO2 emitted by
Security and Disaster Management. the country as a consequence of all relevant human
• Conservation, environmental pollution and activities, divided by the population of the country.
degradation, environmental impact
assessment.
Per capita emission as of 2016
Source: WB
Source : worldometers.info
26-08-2021
Total emissions
Carbon emissions by country
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Article in a nut shell

• Adverse effects of climate change, or
• Author’s recommendation - measuring adaptation - global concern.
responsibility of each countries based on per
 Look with a global perspective rather than
capita emissions.
parochial attitudes.
• Developing countries and LDC should be allowed
to emit more to help their poor.
• Emission reduction - developed countries should

Practice Question – Mains
shoulder more responsibility.
GS – III
• Accepting ‘net zero’ emissions by 20 50 -
Q. Global policy that aims at emission
effectively prevents India’s urbanisation and reductions based on total emission is
shift of the rural population into the middle biased against the low and middle income
class. countries. Discuss.
(150 words, 10 Marks)
‘SUJALAM’ campaign
• Launched by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
• Objective - to create a million soak pits in

villages across the country over the next 100
days.
• Purpose - management of grey water and to

prevent the clogging of waterbodies.
Pg: 10 – C
Pg: 8 – B, D, T
Pg: 12 – H;
26-08-2021
Soak pit Role in Grey Water Management
• Closed rectangular or circular, covered-up • Soak pit is connected to a primary chamber.

construction with porous or perforated walls.
• Primary treatment unit
• Directly connected to the primary treatment
 Septic tank, a biogas settler, anaerobic
unit of a residential or commercial building.
baffled reactor etc.
• Function - letting the wastewater coming
 Greywater - effluent water coming out of
from the septic tank to slowly soak into
these units.
underlying ground.
Wastewater management system • Campaign - Contributes to the flagship
• Grey water subjected to some treatment Swachh Bharat Mission.
before letting it into the ground soil.  First phase - achieveing an open
• Safe - Treat the effluent water through a defecation free status by constructing
soak pit. toilet in every rural household.
• Helps in preventing water-logging.  Second phase - Open Defecation Free plus
• Ensures hygiene in the surroundings of the  Sustaining and extending sanitation gains
houses. by focusing more on solid and liquid
waste management.
• Helps in reviving waterbodies.
26-08-2021
. Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to ‘Sujalam campaign’,
consider the following statements:
1. It aims to create more and more Open
Defecation Free Plus villages by
undertaking grey water management.
2. Under this campaign 1 crore soak pits
are to be constructed in villages across
the country.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Pg: 8 – C
Pg: 6 – B, D, T
Pg: 10 – H;
26-08-2021
Part A—Preliminary Examination

• Indian Constitution:
 Special provisions in favour of ‘socially and  Current events of national and international importance.
educationally backward classes’.  Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System,
Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
 Reservation in government employment for  Economic and Social Development-Sustainable
backward classes etc. Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social
Sector Initiatives, etc.
Notification of Govt. of Haryana Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
• Criteria for the exclusion of creamy layer
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social
within the backward classes. Justice and International relations.
 Government policies and interventions for development in
• Quashed by Supreme Court.
various sectors and issues arising out of their design and
 Variation with the criteria laid down for implementation.
 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by
Creamy Layer in Indra Sawhney judgement.
the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes;
mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the
protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India &  Sufficient income:
Ors  Higher agricultural holdings.
• Also known as Mandal Commission case.  Receive income from properties beyond a
prescribed limit.
• Supreme Court laid down the concept of
creamy layer.  Identified annual income beyond a prescribed
limit.
 ‘Creamy Layer’ - Well-off among the
Backward Classes. • Essence - Economic criterion alone cannot be used
to classify a member of a Backward Class as
• Criteria for Creamy layer - applicable to
the individuals and theirs children who belonging to the ‘creamy layer’.
Present Issue
 Occupy posts in higher services -
high-ranking constitutional functionaries • Haryana Government’s Notification under Haryana
and employees of Union and State Backward Classes (Reservation in Services and
government in a certain rank. Admission in Educational Institutions) Act, 2016.
26-08-2021
• Excluded from creamy layer - Children belonging Ruling of Supreme Court

to following Household:
• Haryana’s criterion is contrary to
 Gross annual income of up to Rs. 3 lakh -
 Observations made in the Indra Sawhney Case.
first to get reservation.
 Section 5(2) of the 2016 Haryana Act.
 Remaining quota - having gross annual
income of Rs. 3 lakh to Rs. 6 lakh per HARYANA BACKWARD CLASSES (RESERVATION IN SERVICES AND
ADMISSIONS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) ACT, 2016
annum.
5. Restrictions with regards to creamy layer. - (1) Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Act, no person belonging to the creamy layer of Backward
 Reason - to ensure people with lower income Classes shall be-
(a) considered for admission in educational institutions against the seats
amongst backward classes get reservation.
reserved therein for Backward Classes as specified in the Schedule; or
(b) entitled to claim reservation in or be considered for appointment in
• Criteria for creamy layer - Children belonging services under the State against the posts reserved for Backward
Classes as specified in the Schedule.
to following Household having gross annual
(2) The Government shall, by notification, after taking into consideration
income above Rs. 6 lakh per annum. social, economic and such other factors, as deemed appropriate, specify
the criteria for exclusion and identification of persons belonging to the
Backward Classes as creamy layer.
• Issue - Identification of creamy layer (3) The criteria fixed under sub-section (2) shall be reviewed every three
years.
restricted to the economic criterion.
Conclusion
• Supreme Court reiterated economic criterion

cannot be the sole criteria for classifying a
person under the Creamy Layer category.
26-08-2021
Pg: 14 – C, D
Pg: 12 – B, T
Pg: 12 – C Pg: 10 – B, D, T Pg: 14 – H; Pg: 16 – H;
National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP)
• Envisages an investment in infrastructure of

Rs. 111 lakh crore over the five-year period
2020-25. • Only brown field projects.
• Report of Task Force for NIP (2019) • Only assets of central government line ministries
 Traditional sources of capital - expected to and Central Public Sector Enterprises in
finance 83-85% of the capital expenditure . infrastructure sectors.
National Monetization plan (NM P)
• For 4 years - reminder of NIP period.
• Expected to raise about Rs. 6 lakh crore as

capital.
• Role - revenue rights of a public sector brown

field project to a private entity.
26-08-2021

Q. With reference to National Monetization
Plan, consider the following statements:
1. It is expected to raise about Rs. 6 lakh
crore as capital.
2. It includes both the Green field and
Brown field projects.
3. It involves specific transfer of
ownership.
Which of the statements given above is/are
incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
Part A—Preliminary Examination

 Current events of national and international importance.
 Economic and Social Development - Sustainable Development,
Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice
and International relations.
 Government policies and interventions for development in various
sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
 Development processes and the development industry — the role of
NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities,
institutional and other stakeholders.
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity,
Environment, Security and Disaster Management.
 Science and Technology - developments and their applications and
Pg: 9 – C effects in everyday life.
Pg: 7 – B, D, T  Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy
and their effects on industrial growth.
Pg: 11 – H;
26-08-2021
Industry 4.0 Industrial

Revolution
• Refers to Fourth Industrial Revolution.
First Water and steam power
• Current trend of automation, interconnectivity
and data exchange in manufacturing technologies
to increase productivity.
• Associated technologies - Additive manufacturing, Second Electric power

Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems,
Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality and data
analytics.
Electronics and information
Third
• Coined by the German government in 2011. technology - automate production
• Purpose - boosting production to the next level.
• Process of transition to the new manufacturing Built on 3rd Industrial Revolution

Fourth
processes. - digital revolution
Challenges faced by MSMEs

Need for Industry 4.0
• Lack of awareness about Industry 4.0 and its
• Manufacturing industries - for making benefits.
data-driven decisions.
 MSMEs consider technologies as disruptive.
• Data generated - stored at low cost.
• Requires major financial investments to adopt
• Availability of advanced algorithms - data Industry 4.0.
analysed for decision-making in real time.
 Need experts’ advice - Make investment in the
• Industry 4.0 integrates data with right set of technologies.
manufacturing and Information Technology.
• Creating a positive organisational culture
• Lack of framework and guidelines to assist MSMEs.
• Identification of relevant tools.
26-08-2021
Way forward
• Sensitization of the Government of India,

entrepreneurs, industrial associations, trade
unions, venture capitalists and research Practice Question – Mains
agencies. GS – III
 Digital India initiative Q. Do you agree with the view that adopting
Industry 4.0 technologies would make
 India among top 50 countries in Global
MSMEs more efficient and competitive?
Innovation Index 2020. Give arguments supporting your answer.
• Imperative to overcome the manufacturing (250 Words, 10 Marks)
challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic -
most of health care infrastructure is MSME-
dependent.
Qualified institutional placement (QIP)
• Fundraising tool for the listed companies.
• Introduced by SEBI.
• Purpose - to enable the listed companies to

raise finance through the issue of securities to
qualified institutional buyers (QIBs).
• Listed Company.
 Company whose shares are quoted on a stock

exchange.
Pg: 14 – C, D
Pg: 12 – B, T
Pg: 16 – H;
26-08-2021
• Securities.
 Tradable financial instruments used to raise

capital in public and private markets.
Advantages
⮚ Equity - provides ownership rights to
holders. • Flexible process.
⮚ Debt - essentially loans repaid with • Less tedious.
periodic payments. • Raised within short span of time.
⮚ Hybrids - combine aspects of debt and • Cost-efficient.

equity.
• Proper checks and balances.
Qualified institutional buyers (QIBs)
• Institutional investors - Possess expertise and

the financial muscle to evaluate and invest in
the capital markets.
Source: https://www.sebi.gov.in/
26-08-2021
Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Qualified institutional
placement (QIP), consider the following
statements:
1. Only listed companies can raise funds
through QIP.
2. Only Qualified institutional buyers can
buy securities through QIP.
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
26-08-2021

Q1. Which among the following refers to the
replacement of sensitive data such as actual
card details with an alternate code to ensure
the safety of the card transaction?
a) Operation Twist
b) Net Neutrality
c) Tokenisation
d) FASTag
.
Q2.With reference to Qualified institutional
placement (QIP), consider the following
statements:
1. Only listed companies can raise funds
through QIP.
2. Only Qualified institutional buyers can
buy securities through QIP.
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
26-08-2021

Q. With reference to ‘Sujalam campaign’,
consider the following statements:
1. It aims to create more and more Open
Defecation Free Plus villages by
undertaking grey water management.
2. Under this campaign 1 crore soak pits
are to be constructed in villages across
the country.
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q4.With reference to National Monetization
Plan, consider the following statements:
1. It is expected to raise about Rs. 6 lakh
crore as capital.
2. It includes both the Green field and
Brown field projects.
3. It involves specific transfer of
ownership.
Which of the statements given above is/are
incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
26-08-2021

Answers (26-08-2021)
Q1. Option (c) – Tokenisation

Q2. Option (c) – Both 1 and 2
Q3. Option (b) – 2 only
Q4. Option (d) – 2 and 3 only
Practice Question – Mains

.
GS – III
Q. Do you agree with the view that adopting
Industry 4.0 technologies would make
Practice Question – Mains MSMEs more efficient and competitive?
Give arguments supporting your answer.
GS – II
(250 Words, 10 Marks)
Q. Economic criterion alone cannot be used
to classify as belonging to the ‘creamy Practice Question – Mains
layer’. Elucidate.
GS – III
(150 Words, 10 Marks)
Q. Global policy that aims at emission
reductions based on total emission is
biased against the low and middle income
countries. Discuss.
(150 words, 10 Marks)
26-08-2021
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26-08-2021

The Hindu News Analysis – 26th August 2021

2 Negotiating the new global climate policy (Editorial) 8 6 6 10 6

3 Campaign for one million soak pits in 100 days 10 8 8 12 8

4 Income and quotas (Editorial) 8 6 6 10 6

5 RSS-affiliated trade union slams monetisation plan 12 10 10 14 10

6 Cabinet clears ₹15,000 cr. NMP-linked FDI proposal 14 12 14 16 12

7 It’s time for Industry 4.0 (OPED) 9 7 7 11 7

8 Canara Bank raises ₹2,500 cr. through QIP 14 12 14 16 12

9 Prelims Practice Questions

• Replacement of actual card details with an

• Token - for a combination of card, token requestor

 Token requestor - entity accepting request from

 Card holder - initiates request on the token

 Token requestor - forwards request to the card

• Service is free of charge to the customer.

• De-tokenisation - token converted back to  Primary Account Number (PAN) - cannot be

• Tokenisation and de-tokenisation - only by the  Protects against counterfeit, account

• Need/Benefit: • Goal - reducing or eliminating the risk of

 Actual card data, token and other relevant

• Restrictions: Practice Question – Prelims

Part A—Preliminary Examination Concepts

Per capita emission as of 2016

Carbon emissions by country

Article in a nut shell

• Emission reduction - developed countries should

• Launched by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.

• Objective - to create a million soak pits in

• Purpose - management of grey water and to

Soak pit Role in Grey Water Management

• Closed rectangular or circular, covered-up • Soak pit is connected to a primary chamber.

Wastewater management system • Campaign - Contributes to the flagship

• Grey water subjected to some treatment Swachh Bharat Mission.

soak pit. toilet in every rural household.

• Helps in preventing water-logging.  Second phase - Open Defecation Free plus

. Practice Question – Prelims

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India &  Sufficient income:

Ors  Higher agricultural holdings.

• Excluded from creamy layer - Children belonging Ruling of Supreme Court

• Supreme Court reiterated economic criterion

National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP)

• Envisages an investment in infrastructure of

 Traditional sources of capital - expected to and Central Public Sector Enterprises in

finance 83-85% of the capital expenditure . infrastructure sectors.

National Monetization plan (NM P)

• For 4 years - reminder of NIP period.

• Expected to raise about Rs. 6 lakh crore as

• Role - revenue rights of a public sector brown

. Practice Question – Prelims

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Industry 4.0 Industrial

• Associated technologies - Additive manufacturing, Second Electric power

• Purpose - boosting production to the next level.

• Process of transition to the new manufacturing Built on 3rd Industrial Revolution

Challenges faced by MSMEs

• Lack of framework and guidelines to assist MSMEs.

• Identification of relevant tools.

• Sensitization of the Government of India,

Qualified institutional placement (QIP)

• Fundraising tool for the listed companies.

• Purpose - to enable the listed companies to