Basic Mathematics Review

BASIC MATHEMATICS REVIEW
FORM ONE TOPICS
A GUIDE TO SOME COMPETENCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Compiled by
Mr Deya,
Busokelo Boys Secondary School
Tukuyu
@2022
Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022
Page 1
TOPIC 01: NUMBERS (I)
1. write the following in expanded forms
(a) 87888
Soln
87888= 8 x 10000 + 7 x 1000 + 8x100 + 8x10 +8x1
(b) 101.423
Soln
101.423= 1 x 100 + 0 x 10 + 1 x 1 + 4 /10 +2/100 + 3/1000 or 1x100 +0
x10+1x1 +0.4+0.02+0.003
2. write the following numbers in words
(a) 364
= three hundred sixty-four
(b) 10001
= Ten thousand and one
(c) 624,624
= six hundred twenty-four thousand, six hundred and twenty-four
(d) 18.00234
=Eighteen decimal point zero zero two three four
3. Write the following numbers in numerals
(a) one hundred thousand six hundred and twenty-four
=100,624
(b) Three million and five
=3,000,005
Page 2
(c) Twenty-three thousand two hundred and seventy-one
= 23271
4. Arrange the order of the digits so as to give the largest possible
number
(a) 8700234597
= 9877543200
(b)230123129765
=976533222110
5. Arrange the order of the digits to give the smallest possible
number
(a) 2030231129872
=1001222233789
(b) 687502319787
=102356777889
6. Write a five-digit number Z such that
(a) All digits are different and the number is as small as possible
Z =10234
(b) All digits are different and the number is as large as possible
Z = 98765
7. A certain number is such that, 4 is at the thousand and 5 at tenth.
The rest of the place values take 2. If 4 and 5 are at the extremes
(ends), what is the number?
Soln
The word tenth indicates that the number is in decimal form
Page 3
From the decimal point 4 is at thousands and 5 at tenth and the digits are
at the end of the number required. The other place values between 4 and
5 take 2.
The number is 4222.5
8 (a) Write the greatest possible non decimal five-digit number using
0, 1, and 3 only
Soln
The number is 33310
(b) Write four possible four digit numbers with 2 at thousands and 7at
ones, where the digits at the middle are either 1, 3 or both
Soln.
i) 2137 ii) 2317 iii) 2117 Iv) 2337
9. Arrange the order of the digits of the numbers below to form the
smallest possible number of the same decimal places
(a) 26.897
=26.789
(b) 70.872301209
=10.00223789
10. Arrange the order of the digits below to form greatest possible
number of the same decimal places
(a) 8902.0239
=9983.2200
(b) 90.01297005
=99.75210000
Page 4
11. Alter the order of the number 879 to give a number which
exceeds it by at least 100
Soln
The number is 987 (987-879=108 which is greater than or equal to 100)
12. Give the total value of place values of the underlined numbers
below
(a) 85065
= 80,000
(b) 142875
= 70
(c) 483
=3
13. The L.C.M and G.C.F 0f x, 52 and 104 is 104 and 13 respectively.
Calculate the value of x.
Soln
For three numbers
𝑙. 𝑐. 𝑚 ( 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠)𝑥 𝑔. 𝑐. 𝑓 ( 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑥=
𝑙. 𝑐𝑚 ( 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠)
𝑙. 𝑐. 𝑚 ( 𝑥, 52,104)𝑥 𝑔. 𝑐. 𝑓 ( 𝑥, 52,104)
𝑥=
𝑙. 𝑐. 𝑚 ( 52,104)
Find the L.C.M of 52 and 104, which is 104
Thus,
104𝑥13
𝑥= = 13
104
Therefore, the number is 13.
Page 5
14. A certain number is a five-digit number in which the extremes
are 2 and 7, where the rest are odd digits less than 9 but greater than
1 being arranged in descending order of magnitude. Write the
number
Soln
A five-digit number has place values of ones, tens, hundreds, thousands
and ten thousand
2 and 7 are at extremes but in descending order, this means 7 is at ten
thousands and 2 at one. Between 7 and 2 are odd digits less than 9 but
greater than 1
The number is 77532
15. Three pipes fill the tank as follows. The first fills the tank after 12
minutes, the second fills after 36 minutes and the third fills after 40
minutes. If all three pipes are opened at the same time to fill the same
tank. How many minutes will they take to fill the tank?
Soln
Let the volume of the tank be V.
𝑣 𝑣
Rate of first pipe to fill the tank is =
𝑡 12
𝑣 𝑣
Rate of second pipe to fill the tank is =
𝑡 36
𝑣 𝑣
Rate of the third pipe to fill the tank is =
𝑡 40
𝑣
Rate of both pipes to fill the tank is , where T is the time taken for both
𝑇
pipes to fill the tank.

Total rate of the pipes = sum of individual rates of pipes
Page 6
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
= + +
𝑇 12 36 40
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑇 12 36 40
T= 5 minutes
The three pipes will take 5 minutes to fill the tank.
16. A building measures 36m by 54m and it has to be fenced by using
posts which are equally spaced
(a) Find he distance between the two consecutive posts
(b) How many posts will be needed for construction?
Soln
(a) Distance between posts is found by g.c.f concept
2 36 54
2 18 27
3 9 27
3 3 9
3 1 3
1 1
G.C.F = 2x3x3=18
The distance between consecutive posts is 18m
(b)
54
for length, we have +1 posts= 4 post on one side
18
=8 posts on both sides

36
For width, ( + 1) -2 (2 corner posts have been counted in length
18
already) = 1 post 0n one side

= 2 posts on both sides
Total posts for the whole building = 8 + 2 = 10 posts
Page 7
18. A rectangular filed measures 80cm by 16 cm. Its floor has to be
made using tiles of which no fraction of tiles is used. How many tiles
will be used?
soln
2 80 16
2 40 8
2 20 4
2 10 2
5 5 1
1 1
G.C.F = 2x2x2x2=16
Thus size of a tiles = 16cm by 16 cm
Area of the field = 80 x16 = 1280 cm2
Area of a tile = 16 x16 = 256cm2
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 1280
Number of tiles = = = 5 tiles
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 256
Therefore 5 tiles measuring 16cm by 16cm tiles will be used to cover

the given floor
19. Equal squares as large as possible are drawn on a rectangular

board measuring 108m and 156m. Find
(a) The size of each square
(b) The area of both rectangle and a square
(c) Number squares
Soln
(a)
2 108 156
Page 8
2 54 78
3 27 39
3 9 13
3 3 13
13 1 13
1 1
G.C.F = 2x2x3=12
Size of each square= 12m by 12m
(b) Area of rectangle = 108x156 = 16848m2
Area of a square= 12x12= 144m2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
(c) Number of square =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
16848
= =117 sqaures of size 12m by 12m
144
20. Boxes of 59 ties are sold at 12000/= per box. How much will it
cost to cover the floor of a building that measures 100m x600m
Soln
2 100 600 G.C.F = 2x2xx5x5 = 100
2 50 300
size of a tile = 100m by 100m
2 25 150
3 25 75 area of a tile = 10000m2
5 25 25 area of a floor = 100x600 = 6000m2
5 5 5
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 60000
1 1 Number of tiles = = = 6 tiles
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 10000
1 box =50 tiles costs 12000/=,

12000𝑥6
Then 6 tiles will cost =1440/-
50
Therefore, it will cost 1440/=
21. What must be added to 937 so as to make it exactly divisible by

90?
Page 9
soln
937 37
checking a remainder when 937 is divided by 90, = 10
90 90
the remainder is 37, so 53 must be added to the remainder to make 937

exactly divisible
Page 10
TOPIC 02: FRACTIONS
1. Three-thirteenth of the total number of students in a class are
taking chemistry, four- ninth of the rest are taking basic
mathematics and the rest are taking biology. Find
(a) The fractions of students who are taking biology
(b) If there are 45 students in the class, how many students are
taking biology?
soln
3 4
(a) Three-thirteenth = , four -ninth =
13 9
3 4 38
Fraction of students taking biology = 1- ( + )=
13 9 117
38
(b) If 45 students are in the class, then students taking biology = x 45
117
= 15 students
2. Asekisye uses two-thirds of his salary to buy a vehicle and one-
eighth of the remaining part for shopping. What is the fraction of his
salary he uses for shopping?
Soln
2
Two –thirds = used for vehicle
3
2 1
The remaining amount is 1- =
3 3
1
One-eighth= of the remaining used for shopping
8
1 1 1
x =
8 3 24
1
Therefore the fraction for shopping was =
24
3. Two-ninth of the tank contains water. Pipe A has to fill one-

seventh of the remained empty space and pipe B will complete the
Page 11
remained space to fill the top. Find the fraction that will be filled by
pipe B.
Soln
9
is thefraction for a full tank
9
9 2 7
If two-ninth contains water, then - = is empty space
9 9 9
1 7 1
Pipe A will fill 𝑥 =
7 9 9
7 1 2
Pipe B will fill − =
9 9 3
3. A book- seller receives a certain number of books. He sold one-

seventh of them and lost one –fifth of them. Determine the fraction of
the books which remained.
Soln
Let the total number of books received be B =1
1 𝐵
xB= was sold
7 7
1 𝐵
x B = was lost
5 5
1 1 23
Fraction remained = 1- ( + ) =
7 5 35
4. A selling price of a shirt has been increased by 60%. Express the

new price in fraction
Soln
Let the original price be x
Price after 60% increase = x + 60%x
60𝑥
=x+
100
Page 12
160𝑥
=
100
8𝑥
=
5
𝟓
5. Evaluate of 180
𝟗
Soln
5 5
of 180 = x 180 =5 x20 = 100
9 9
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
6. Arrange , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 in ascending order
𝟓 𝟕 𝟏𝟑
Soln
L.C.M of denominators = 5x7x13 =455
Multiply l.c.m to all fractions given to know size of each fraction
2
x 455 = 182,
5
1
x 455 = 65
7
3
x 455 =105
13
The fraction with big answer after multiplying is bigger the other
fraction
1 3 2
In ascending order the fractions are , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
7 13 5
𝟑 𝟖 𝟕 𝟏
7. Arrange , , , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 in descending order
𝟕 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗
L.C.M of denominators is 7 x 8 x 9 = 504

Multiply the L.C.M to all fractions
3
𝑥 504 = 144,
7
8
X504 =576,
7
7
X 504 =441,
8
Page 13
1
X 504 =56
9
8 7 3 1
In descending order, the fractions are , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
7 8 7 9
𝟒𝟎
8 (a) Present the fraction on number line
𝟏𝟐
Soln 1
33
40 4
12
= 312 = 313
0 1 2 3 4
𝟑
(b) Represent on a number line
𝟏𝟏
Soln.
3
0 11 1
𝟕
9. Which fraction is equivalent to among the fractions given
𝟏𝟏
below?
𝟐𝟎 𝟕𝟎 𝟓 𝟑𝟏 𝟔𝟑
, , , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ?
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝟔𝟏 𝟕𝟐 𝟗𝟓
Soln
7
Simplify the given fractions to lowest terms and compare with
11
70 7
equivalent to
110 11
10. Find the values of x and y for which the fractions below are
equivalent
2 𝑥 20
= =
3 27 𝑦
Soln
Page 14
Since they are equivalent, then
2 𝑥 2 20
= and =
3 27 3 𝑦
3x= 54 2y = 60
X=18 and y = 30
11. Pipe P can fill the tank for 12 hours while pipe Q can empty the
same tank for 30 hours. How long will it take to fill the tank full to
the top when both P and Q operate together?
Let V be the total volume of the tank
𝑉
Rate of filling the tank by P =
12
−𝑉
Rate of emptying the tank by Q = , ( - ve indicates decreasing
30
volume)
𝑉
Total rate of filling the tank = , where t is the total time when P and
𝑡
Q operate together
BUT
Total rate = sum of rates of P and Q
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
= −
𝑡 12 40
1 1 1
= −
𝑡 12 40
t = 20 hours
Therefore, it will take 20 hours to fill the tank
Page 15
12. Juma, Ally and Neema have different rates of finishing to
cultivate a piece of work. Juma uses three days, Ally uses seven days
and Neema uses nine days. How many days will it take them to finish
the job if they cultivate together?
Soln
Let w be the total work
𝑊
 Rate of Juma finishing the work=
3
𝑊
 Rate Ally finishing the work =
7
𝑊
 Rate of Neema finishing the work =
9
𝑊
 Total rate of finishing the work =
𝑡
But
total work = Rate of Juma +Rate of Ally + Rate of Neema
𝑤 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤
= + +
𝑡 3 7 9
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑡 3 7 9
63
t= = 1.7 days
37
Therefore, it will take 1day and 17 hours

𝟓 𝟐
13.What must be added to to make it equivalent fraction to ?
𝟖 𝟑
Soln
Let x be be fraction to added
5 2
+X=
8 3
2 5
X= −
3 8
Page 16
1
X=
24
1 5
There fore must be added to
24 8
1 1 3 1 7
14. Perform + × ÷ −
2 3 17 9 20
Soln
Use BODMAS
1 1 27 7
= + × −
2 3 17 20
1 27 7
= + −
2 51 20
105 7
= −
102 20
231
=
340
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
15. OF Juma’s house is painted with red paint and is painted
𝟏𝟓 𝟓𝟎
with blue paint. Find the fraction painted blue.

Soln
2
If is painted red, then
14
2 13
1- = is not red
15 15
10
of not red is painted blue
50
10 13
×
50 15
13
75
13
Therefore the fraction painted with blue is
75
Page 17
𝟒 𝟐
16. of the team players are playing football, of the rest are playing
𝟗 𝟓
𝟏
volleyball and of the volleyball players are girls. Find the fraction
𝟔
of boys.
Soln
4
If are playing football, then
9
4 5
1 - = are not playing football
9 9
2
of those not playing football are playing volleyball
5
2 5 2
× =
5 9 9
1
of the volley ball players are girls
6
1 2 1
× = are girls
6 9 27
5
of the volleyball players are boys
6
5 2 5
x =
6 9 27
5
Therefore the fraction of boys is
27
17. Fransisca can eat two eighth of sugar. Tatu can eat one seventh of
the remained amount of sugar and Paulina can eat the remained
portion.
(a) what frction can be taken by
(i) Tatu (ii) Paulina
(b)If the total sugar weighs 3 tones 12kg and 800g. How much sugar
did each eat?
Soln
Page 18
(a) (i) let S be the total amount of sugar
2 2 𝑆
Fransisca ate × 𝑆 = 𝑆 =
8 8 4
𝑆 3𝑆
Amount remained after Fransisca =S - =
4 4
1 1 3𝑆 3𝑆
Tatu ate of the remained amount = × =
7 7 4 28
3𝑆
∴ the farction taken by Tatu was
28
(ii) Paulina ate the remained amount after Fransisca and Tatu ate their
portions which is
3𝑠 3𝑠 9𝑠
- =
4 28 14
9𝑠
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑤𝑎𝑠
14
(b) Total sugar given = 3tonnes 12kg and 800g = 3.0128tonnes or 3012.8
kg or 3012800g
𝑆 3012800
Fransisca ate = g
4 4
=753200g
3𝑠 3×3012800
Tatu ate = g
28 28
=322800g
9𝑠 9
Paulina ate = × 3012800𝑔
14 12
=1936800g
2 5
18. Operate of 252÷ 𝑜𝑓 640 + 108
7 8
Soln
2 5
( × 252) ÷ ( × 640) + 108
7 8
Page 19
72÷ 36 × 400 + 108
2× 400 + 108
800+108 = 908
908
Page 20
TOPIC 03: DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES
1. Express 60% as decimal
Soln
60% =69/100 = 0.6
∴ 60% = 0.6
2. Convert 6.063 into percentage
Soln
6.063 × 100% = 606.3%
∴6.063 = 606.3%
3. Operate 5.𝟏𝟐̈ +0.𝟏̇
Soln
5.12̈ = 5.121212…… (12 repeat endlessly)
0.1̇ =0.111111…… (1 repeats endlessly)
5.12̈ +0.1̇ = 5.121212….
+ 0.111111…..
5.232323….. (23 repeat endlessly)
∴ 5.12̈ +0.1̇ =5.23̈
4. Operate 5.1𝟐𝟑̈ × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐̈
Soln
Convert them into fraction first
Let X = 5.123̈
100x =512.323̈
100x-x =512.323̈ - 5.123̈
99x = 507.2
Page 21
5072
X= ……………………………………. (1)
990
Let y = 0.12̈
100y=12. 12̈
99y =12
4
Y= ……………………………………… (2)
33
Multiply …. (1) by … (2)

5072 12
xy = ×
990 33
10144
=
16335
10144
∴ 5.123̈ × 0. 12̈ =
16335
5. Operate 𝟎. 𝟗̇ × 𝟐. 𝟑̇ ÷ 𝟎. 𝟐̇ + 𝟎. 𝟏̇
Soln
Convert them into fraction first
9
0. 9̇ =
9
21
2. 3̇ =
9
2
0. 2̇ =
9
1
0. 1̇ =
9
9 21 2 1
∴ 0. 9̇ × 2. 3̇ ÷ 0. 2̇ + 0. 1̇= × ÷ +
9 9 9 9
21 1
= + (by BODMAS)
2 9
191
=
18
=10.61̇
Page 22
6. A number D is a four-digit number with 2 decimal places. If the
digit at the mean positions are 4 and rest are 9. Write the number
Soln
Mean positions refers to center positions
The number is 94.49
7. A numbe C is a six-digit number in which the extremes positions

take 7 and the rest are 5. What is C, given that it has three decimal
places.
Soln
C= 755.557
8. Convert 80ο into percentages, leave the answer into decimal
Soln
80
80ο= x100%
360
8
= x 100%
36
800
= %
36
= 22.2%
𝟐
9. Operate 20ο÷ 𝟑𝟔% − 𝟐𝟓. 𝟒 + 𝒙𝟏𝟎. 𝟓%. Leave the answer into
𝟓
decimal ( 4 places)
Soln
Convert them into decimals and use BODMAS
= 5.5556÷0.36-25.4 + 0.042
= 15.4322-25.4 +0.042
= 15.4322-25.359
Page 23
= - 9.9258
10. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order of magnitude
2 11 2
, , %, 14.5ο,23.5
11 2 11
Soln
Change them into decimal
2
= 0.18
11
11
= 5.5
2
2
% =0.0018
11
14.5ο= 0.04
23.5 =23.5
2 2 11
∴ the numbers in ascending order are %, 14.5ο , , and 23.5
11 11 2
11. About 17 percent of kids will attend an overnight summer camp,

𝟏𝟏
will attend a day camp and 0.59 will attend no summer camp at
𝟓𝟎
all. Which group of kids is greater than the other?

Soln
Summer camp =17% = 0.17
11
Day camp = =0.22
50
No summer camp =0.59

By comparison, no summer camp group of kids is greater than the other
groups.
TOPIC 04: UNITS

Page 24
1. Change 7;30 am into 24- hour clock
Soln
We add 0 before 7 and omit the : and am
7:30 am = 0730 hours
2. Change 3:15 pm into 24- hours clock
Soln
We add 12 hours and omit the : and pm
3:15pm +12 hours =1515 hours
3.Write 0815 hours using 12 -hour clock

Soln
We omit 0 before 8 and introduce the : and am
0815 hours = 8:15 am
4. Write 2240 hours using 12-hour clock

Soln.
we subtract 12 hours and introduce the : and pm
2240-12 hours = 10:40 pm
5. Change the following times into 24-hour clock

(a) Quarter past eight in the morning
Soln
Into 12-hour clock
8:15 am
Into 24 –hour clock
Page 25
8:15 am = 0815 hours
(b) Nine o’clock at night
soln
Into 12-hour clock
3:00am
Into 24-hour clock
3:00am = 0300 hours
(c) Twenty-four minutes to eight in evening
Soln
Into 12 –hour clock
7:36pm
Into 24-hour clock
7:36 pm = 7:36 +12 hours = 1936 hours
6. One package weighs 2kg 485 g. Another package weighs 5kg 959g.
What is the total weight of the two packages?
Soln
𝑘𝑔 𝑔
2 485
+5 959
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
8 444
∴ The total weight = 8kg 444g =8.444kg or 8444g
7. A pine apple and water –melon weigh 6kg230g together. If the

pineapple weighs 1kg 255g. What is the weight of the water-melon?
Page 26
Soln
𝑘𝑔 𝑔
6 230
−1 255
4 975
8. A family drank 1210cm3 of milk at breakfast. If there were 3 litres
400 millilitrers before breakfast, how much milk was left?
Soln
𝑙𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑙𝑠
3 400
−0 1210
2 190
2litres and 190 millilitres were left
9. Juma cut a 270cm piece of string from a piece of 9m long.

(a) What is the length of the remained portion in centimeter ?
(b) The removed part is what fraction of the entire length?
Soln
(a)
𝑚 𝑐𝑚
9 0
−0 270
6 30
The length of the remained portion is 6m and 30cm = 6.3m
(b) Removed length = 270cm
Entire length = 9m =900cm
270𝑐𝑚
Fraction of the removed part =
900𝑐𝑚
Page 27
3
=
10
3
Therefore the fraction of the removed part=
10
10. 22cm of the flag pole is installed below the ground level.
(a) What is the length in mm of the portion above the ground if it is
62% of the entire length?
(b) What is the length of the entire flag pole, if the portion below the
𝟐
ground level is of the entire pole?
𝟕
Soln
(a) let L be the total length of the flag pole
62𝐿
62% of L =
100
But 62% of L = 22cm

62𝐿
= 22cm
100
62L= 22x100cm
2200𝐶𝑀
L=
62
L=35.48cm
The potion above the ground= Total length L- length below ground level
=35.48cm-22cm
=13.48cm
= 134.8mm
∴ therefore the length in mm above the ground is 134.8mm
(b) Let L be the length of the entire pole
2
× 𝐿 = 22𝑐𝑚
7
Page 28
2L= 154
L= 77cm
2
∴ Therefore the length of entire pole if the portion below the ground is
7
is 77cm
11.What must be added to 90dam 105cm so as to give 30km 25hm

350mm
Soln
90dam = 9hm
105cm=1050mm, then
𝑘𝑚 ℎ𝑚 𝑚𝑚
30 25 350
−0 9 1050
30 15 99300
∴ therefore 30km 15hm and 99300mm must be added to 90dam 105 cm
which is equal to 9hm 1050mm to give 30km 25hm 350mm.
12. What must be decreased from 70km 1.05hm so as to give
30,000,000mm
Soln
30,000,000mm= 30km
70km 1.05 hm - ×= 30km, where × is what must be decreased from
70km 1.05hm
𝑘𝑚 ℎ𝑚
70 1.05
−30 000
40 1.05
Page 29
∴ 40km 1.05hm must be decreased from 70km 1.05hm to give
30,000,000mm
13. Find (a)

𝑘𝑔 𝑔 𝑑𝑔
4 20 8
−3 88 7
0 932 1
(b)
𝑡 𝑚𝑔
4 600
× 125
500 750000
(c)
𝑡 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑔
609 304 203
+4 878 936
614 182 1139
Page 30
15. find the following
𝑘𝑚 𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑚
(a) 8 0 0 98
−2 978 89 99
5 21 10 9
(b) 3 5 8 0.6
𝑘𝑚 ℎ𝑚 𝑑𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑚
5
17 5 40 3
(c)
𝑚 𝑑𝑚 𝑐𝑚
9 3 6
1 5 8
10 5 8
+1 0 9
23 2 7
16.
(a)
ℎ𝑟 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑐
4 27 35
+3 39 47
8 07 22
(b)
𝑑𝑎𝑦 ℎ𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐
20 15 0 29
−9 20 79 28
10 17 41 01
Page 31
(c )
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ℎ𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐
(5 16 38 38 38) ÷ 2
2 11 3 1 19 19
(d)
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ℎ𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐
9 5 21 23 28
−5 6 23 44 53
3 5 21 38 35
Page 32
TOPIC 05: APPROXIMATION
1. Round the following numbers to nearest thousands
(a) 8020
=8000
(b) 99400
= 99000
(c) 99999
=100000
2. Round the following to nearest tens
(a) 78.973
=80
(b) 919.5
= 920
(c) 10.999
= 10
(d)33.456
=30
3. Round
(a) 10.999 to tenth
= 11.0
(b) 33.456 to hundredth
=33.46
4. Write 870.006915239 correct to:-
(a) Three decimal places
=870.007
Page 33
(b) Five decimal places
= 870.00692
(c) Seven decimal places
= 870.0069152
(d) Nearest tenth
= 870.0
5. (a) Write 20.00015 correct to:-
(i) 1 decimal place
= 20.0
(ii) 3 decimalplaces
=20.000
6. Write 9.999 correct to two decimal places
= 10.00
7. Aloyce had to write the number 31.887. Unfortunately, he wrote
with two decimal places.What nmber did he write
Soln
He wrote 31.89
8. Write the following numbers correct to the number of significant
figures written in the brackets
(a) 58599 ( one)
=60000
(b) 68899 (three)
=68900
(c) 4.5728 (three)
= 4.57
Page 34
(d) 0.946 (one)
= 0.9
(e) 0.00406 (one)
= 0.004
(f) 0.8944 (one)
= 0.9
(g) 0.9855 9 (one)
=1
(h) 0.99952 (three)
= 1.00
9. Identify the number of significant figures in each of the following
(a) 85003
= 5 s.fs
(b) 0.00120603
= 6 s.fs
(c) 14.00
= 4 s.fs
(d) 8.995
= 4 s.fs
10. Estimate the values of the following

(a) 362 x 10985
Soln
362 ≈ 360
Page 35
10985 ≈ 1100
362x10985 ≈ 360x1100=3960000
(b) 5961 x 7448
Soln
5961 ≈ 6000
7448 ≈ 7400
5961 x 7448 ≈ 6000x7400 = 44400000
(c) 98.36 +61.05
Soln
98.36 ≈ 98
61.05 ≈ 61
98.36+61.05≈98+61=159
(d) 62.0549x11.1123
Soln
62.0549≈62
11.1123≈11
62.0549x11.1123≈62x11 =682
(f) 0.000380603÷0.0042
Soln
0.000380603≈0.0004
0.0042≈0.004
0.000380603÷0.0042≈ 0.0004÷0.004 =0.1
(h) 2375862÷3014
Soln
2375862≈2376000
Page 36
3014≈3000
375862÷ 3014≈ 237600 ÷3000=792
(i) √8.23 + 7.9
Soln
8.23≈8
7.9≈ 8
√8.23 + 7.9≈ √8 + 8 =√16=4
21.42𝑥19.99
(j) √
3.851
Soln
21.42≈20
19.99≈20
3.851≈4
21.42 𝑥19.99 20 𝑥20
√ =√ =√100 =10
3.851 4
11. Write 2003.789996 correct to

(a) Two significant figures
= 2000
(b)Four significant figures
=2004
(c) Nine significant figures
= 2003.7900
(d) Three decimal places
=2003.790
Page 37
(f)Nearest thousandth
=2003.790
Page 38
TOPIC 06: GEOMETRY
1. Study the parallelogram below, then solve for ‘y’
y+23ο 5y-5ο
Soln
y +23ο +5y-5ο =180ο
6y-18ο=180ο
6y=180ο-18ο
6y =198ο
y =33ο
2. Two supplementary angles differ by 20ο. Find the larger angle
Soln
Let a and b be the angles
a+b = 180ο …………. Property of supplementary angles
a-b =20ο ……………. given information from the question
solving them simultaneously gives
2a = 200ο
a =100ο and b =80ο
The larger angle is a = 100ο
3. If supplementary angles are related by 1:2:3. Find the difference
between the larger angle and smaller angle
Soln
Sum of supplementary angles =180ο
1+2+3= 6
Page 39
1
x180ο= 30ο
6
2
x180ο=60ο
6
3
x 180ο= 90ο
6
The large angle = 90ο

The smaller angle=30ο
4. Find the values of ‘a’ in the figure below
3a
2a
Soln
From the figure
 180ο-3a and 2a or 180ο -2a and 3a are corresponding angles
 Corresponding angles are equal
180ο -3a =2a
180 ο=5a
a =36ο
5. Study the figure below and use it to calculate the values of ‘ x’ and
‘y’
40ο
y x
60ο
Page 40
Soln
X= 60 ο+40ο
X = 100ο
y = 360ο –xο
y =360ο- 100ο
y =260ο
6. 102 triangles can be constructed from a certain polygon. Find the
sum of the interior angles.
Soln
Number of triangles = n-2
102 =n-2
n =102 +2
n =104
sum of interior angles = (n-2)x180ο
= (104-2) x180ο
=102 x180ο
=18360ο
7. A polygon has 202 sides
(a) Find the number of triangle that cab constructed
(b) find the size of exterior angle
Soln
(a) Number of triangles = n-2
= 202-2
= 200
360° 360°
(b) size of exterior angle = = = 2ο
𝑛 202
Page 41
8. The exterior angle of a certain polygon is 36ο less than the interior
angle
(a) find the size of the exterior angle
(b) find the number of sides of a regular polygon
(c) Find the number of triangle s that can be constructed from such
polygon
Soln
(a) Let e be an exterior angle
Let i be an interior angle
i + e = 180ο ……………….sum of interior an interior and exterior angle
i- e =36ο ……………………Given information from the question
solving them simultaneously
2i =216ο
i = 108ο
e =72ο
The size of an exterior angle is 72ο
360°
(b) From size of exterior angle =
𝑛
360°
72=
𝑛
360°
n=
72
n=5
Number of sides is 5
(c) Number of triangles = n - 2
=5-2
=3
Page 42
There are 3 triangles
9. 108° and 72° are two angles of a certain polygon. The other three
are related by 1:2:3. Find the size of the smallest and largest angle
Soln
The polygon has five sides
Sum = (n-2) x 180°
Sum = (5-2) x180°
Sum = 3x 180°
Sum = 540°
Sum of angles related by 1:2:3 is given by 540°- (108 °+72°) = 360°
From 1:2:3
1+2+3 = 6
1
x 360° =60°
6
2
x 360° =120°
6
3
x360° =180°
6
Angles of a polygon are 60°, 72°, 108°, 120° and 180°, from which 60° is
the smallest and 180° is the largest.
10. The interior angles of a regular polygon is 120° greater than the
exterior angle. Find the number of sides of the polygon.
Soln
Let e be the exterior angle
Let i be the interior angle
But
i + e = 180° ……sum of i and e
Page 43
i = e +120 °…….. from the question
solving them simultaneously, gives
2e = 180° -120°
2e = 60°
e = 30ο and i = 150ο
360
number of sides is n = ° =12
30°
11. Given that x-25° and x +35° ate two exterior and interior angles
of a regular polygon, find the value of x. hence suggest the name of
the polygon.
Soln
x-25° +x +35° = 180°
2x +10°= 180°
2x =180° -10°
2x =170°
X =85°
Exterior angle = x -25°=85° -25° =60°
360°
Number of side = =6 sides
60°
The polygon is called HEXAGON

12.Three complementary angles are related by 1:1:3. Find the larger
angle.
Soln
1 +1+3 =5
1
x 90° = 18°
5
1
x 90° =18°
5
Page 44
3
x 90° =54°
5
The larger angle is 54°

13. Two complementary angles differ by 18°. Find the larger angle
Soln
Let x and y be the complementary angles and x > 𝑦
x +y = 90°………….definition of complementary angles
x-y =18°………….. given information
solving them simultaneously gives
2x =108°
X = 54° and y =36°
The larger angle is x = 54°
14. The angles at a point are related by 1:3:6. Find the size of each
angle
Soln
Angles at appoint form a circle whose sum is 360°
1+3+6 = 10
1
x 360°=36°
10
3
x 360° =108°
10
6
x 360° =216°
10
The size of each angle is 36°, 108° and 216°

15. The interior angle of a regular polygon is eight times the exterior
angle. Find
(a) The size of the angles
(b) The number of sides of the regular polygon
Page 45
(c) The number of triangle that can be formed
Soln
(a) let e be the exterior angle
Let i be the interior angle
From given information in the question
i = 8e
But i +e = 180°…………………… sum of i and e
8e +e =180°
9e =180°
e =20° and i =8e
= 8x 20°
= 160°
360°
(b) Number of sides n =
20°
n = 18
The number of sides is 18
(c) The number of triangles formed = n-2
= 18-2
= 16 Triangles
Page 46
16. Using the following figure, name the pairs of equal angles and
give reasons to justify your answer
P W
Q X
R Y
S Z
Soln.
P=R (corresponding angles)
W=Y (corresponding angles)
Q=S (corresponding angles)
X=Z (corresponding angles)
R=X (alternate interior angles)
Q=Y (alternate interior angles)
S=W (alternate exterior angles)
P=Z (alternate interior angles)
P=X (vertically opposite angles)
Q=W (vertically opposite angles)
R=Z (vertically opposite angles)
S=Y (vertically opposite angles)
18. Given the rhombus ABCD, find the values of angles x, y and z
D
C
x y
600
A
B
Page 47
Soln.
X +600= 1800
X=1800-600
X=1200
Also
X + y=1800
Y=1800-X
Y= 1800-1200
Y= 600
Also
Z+ 600= 1800
Z= 1800-600
Z= 1200
Page 48
TOPIC 07: ALGEBRA
1. Think of a number, then multiply it by 6 and add ten, then double
the result. The final answer is 92. What is the number?
Soln
Let the number be x
Multiply it by 6 and ten 6x +10
Double the resul, 2 (6x +10)
Final answer is 92, 2(6x +10) =92
12x +20 = 92
12x =92 -20
12x =72
X= 6
Thus the number is 6.
2. Find two consecutive odd numbers such that when six times the
smaller is added to four times the larger gives 138.
Soln
Let the consecutive odd numbers be x and x+2, where x is smaller and
x+2 is larger
Six times smaller, 6x
Four times larger, 4 (x+2)
Six times the smaller is added to four times the larger gives 138, 6x
+4(x+2) =138
6x +4x +8 =138
10x =138-8
10x = 130
Page 49
X =13 and x +2 = 13 +2= 15
The two consecutive odd numbers are 13 and 15
3.when 20 is subtracted froma certain nmber the result is half the
same number. Find the number.
Soln
Let the number be x
𝑥
x-20 =
2
2 (x-20) =x
2x -40 =x
2x-x =40
X=40
Therefore the number is 40
4. Hamis is four years younger than Jane . If the sum of their ages is
36 years . find their present ages
Soln
Let x be Hamis’ age
𝐽𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑠
𝑥+4 𝑥
x+x+4 = 36
2x =36-4
2x =32
X =16 and x +4 = 16 +4 = 20
Therefore Hamis’ present age is 16 years and Jane’s present age is 20
years
Page 50
5. Fathers’ age is four times the age of his son. If the sum of their age
is 60years. Find their present age.
Soln
Let x be the son’s age
𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑚
4𝑥 𝑥 60
4x +x =60
5x =60
x=12 and 4x = 4(12) =48.
Son’s age =12 years and
Fathers’ age =48 years
6. The ratio in ages of Juma and ASha is 3:5. Eleven years to come,
the ratio of their ages will be 10:13. Find their present age. Hence
find the sum of their age in 25 years to come.
Soln
Let x be Juma’s present age
Let y be Asha’s present age
𝑥 3
Ratio of their present age , = ,
𝑦 5
3
let k be the simplifying factor to reach
5
𝑥 3𝑘
i.e. =
𝑦 5𝑘
x = 3k and y = 5k
Ratio of their ages eleven years to come
𝑥+11 10
=
𝑦+11 13
But x=3k and y =5k
Page 51
3𝑘+11 10
=
5𝑘+11 13
By cross multiplication
13(3k +11) = 10 (5k +11)
-11k =-33
K=3,
X = 3k and y =5k
X =3 x3 and y = 5x 3
X=9 and y =15
Therefore Juma’s present age is 9years and Asha’s is 15 years.
In 25 years to come
Juma’s age will be x +25 = 9 +25 = 34 years and
Asha’s age will be y+25 = 15 +25 =40years
7. The ratio of age of Pili and Agatha is 2:3. Eight years ago, the ratio
of their ages was 2:5. Find
(a) Their present age
(b) The sum of their age in 10 years to come
Soln
(a) Let x be pili’s present age
Let y be Agatha Present age
𝑥 2
=
𝑦 3
2
Let k be the simplifying factor to reach
3
𝑥 2𝑘
i.e. =
𝑦 3𝑘
x =2k and y =3k

Page 52
Ratio of their ages eight years ago
𝑥−8 2
=
𝑦−8 5
But x =2k and y =3k

2𝑘−8 2
=
3𝑘−8 5
By cross multiplication
5(2k-8) =2(3k-8)
10k-40 =6k -16
4k=24
K=6
Pili’s age = x = 2k =2x6 =12 years
Agatha’s age = y =3k =3x6 = 18 years
(b) 10 years to come
Pili’s age = x +10 =12 +10 =22 years
Agatha’s age =y +10 =18 +10 =28 years
8. Juma has P shillings, Jane has 100shillings more than Juma. If the
total amount of money they have is 1500 shillings, how much money
does Juma have?
Soln
If Juma’s mney is P,
Jane’smoney is p +100
Total amount of money they have is
P +p +100 =1500
2p +100 =1500
2p =1500-100
Page 53
2p =1400
P =700 shillings
Therefore Juma’s money is 700 shillings
10. The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 54. Find the
middle number.
soln
let the numbers be x, x +2, x +4
The sum of the numbers is
x +x +2 +x +4 =54
3x +6 =54
3x =54 -6
3x = 48
X= 16 , x +2 = 16 + 2 =18 and x +4 = 16 +4 =20
Therefore the middle number is 18.
10. The ratio of heights of Tinner to that of Pili is 2:7 while that of
Pili to Mary is 5:6. What is the ratio of Tinner’s height to that of
Mary.
Soln
let Tinner be T
let Pili be P
let Mary be M
T:P =2:7, P:M =5:6, T:M =?
Finding the l.c.m for p which has diferrent values
5 𝑇: 𝑃 = 2: 7
|
7 𝑃: 𝑀 = 5: 6
T:P= 10:35
Page 54
P:M=35 :42
Thus T=10, P= 35 and M =42
Hence T:M = 10:42
= 5:21
Therefore the ratio of Tinner’s height to that of Mary is 5:21
−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎
11. solve {
−𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = −𝟕
Soln
By elimination method
Eliminating x
3 −2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 0
|
2 −3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −7
−6𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 0
-|
−6𝑥 + 8𝑦 = −14
7y=7
y =1
Eliminating y
4 −2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 0
{
5 −3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −7
−8𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 0
−|
−15𝑥 + 20𝑦 = −7
7x =35
X=5
∴ 𝑥 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏
12. solve {
𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟔
Soln
Page 55
Multiply second equation by 10 to eliminate decimals, we have
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1
{
10𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 6
By substitution method
Take first equation, make x the subject
2x -3y =1
1=3𝑦
x= …………………………..(1)
2
1+3𝑦
Take second equation, substitute x=
2
10x -5y =6
1+3𝑦
10 ( ) − 5𝑦 = 6
2
5+ 15y -5y =6
10y =6-5
10y =1
1
y=
10
From …………………..(1)
1
1+3𝑦 1+3 𝑥10
x= =
2 2
13
x=
20
13 1
∴𝑥= and y =
20 10
𝒙 𝒚
− =𝟓
𝟐 𝟑
13. Solve {𝒙 𝒚 𝟏
− =𝟑
𝟑 𝟔 𝟐
Soln.
Find the l.c.m of the denominators to eliminate fractions, for this case
l.c.m is 6
Page 56
𝑥 𝑦
6 − =5
2 3
{𝑥 𝑦 7
6 3−6=2
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 30
{
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 21
Eliminating x
2 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 30
{
3 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 21
6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 60
−{
6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 63
-y = -3, y =3
Eliminating y
−1 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 30
{
−2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 21
−3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −30
−{
−4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −42
x =12
∴ 𝑥 = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3
−𝟑 𝟐
+ =𝟒
𝒙 𝟓𝒚
14. solve {𝟒 𝟔
− =𝟑
𝒙 𝟓𝒚
Soln
Find l.c.m of denominators to eliminate fraction, for this case the l.c.m is
5xy in both cases
Page 57
−3 2
5𝑥𝑦 + =4
𝑥 5𝑦
4 6
5𝑥𝑦 − =3
{ 𝑥 5𝑦
−15𝑦 + 10𝑥 = 20𝑥𝑦
{
20𝑦 − 6𝑥 = 15𝑥𝑦
Eliminating x
−6 −15𝑦 + 10𝑥 = 20𝑥𝑦
{
10 20𝑦 − 6𝑥 = 15𝑥𝑦
90𝑦 − 60𝑥 = −120𝑥𝑦
−{
200𝑦 − 60𝑥 = 150𝑥𝑦
-110y = -270xy
11
x=
27
Eliminating y
20 −15𝑦 + 10𝑥 = 20𝑥𝑦
{
−15 20𝑦 − 6𝑥 = 15𝑥𝑦
−300𝑦 + 200𝑥 = 400𝑥𝑦
−{
−300𝑦 + 90𝑥 = −225𝑥𝑦
110x =625xy
110 22
y= =
625 125
11 22
∴x= and y =
27 125
15.The sum of two numbers is 10. If twice the bigger number exceeds
the smaller one by 7, find the numbers.
Soln
Let the numbers be x and y and x > 𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
{
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 7
Page 58
Take x +y =10, x = 10-y……………………..(1)
Take 2x –y =7 and substitute x= 10-y
2 (10-y) –y =7
20 -2y –y =7
-3y =7-20
-3y =-13
13 13 30−3 27
y= and x = 10-y = 10- = =
3 3 3 3
13 27
∴𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =
3 3
16. The sum of digits of a two digit number is 8. The number is 54
less than the new number formed when the digits are interchanged.
Find the number.
Soln
Let a two digit number be ‘ab’ where ‘a’ is tens and ‘b’ is ones
From the question information
a +b = 8……………….(1)
ba –ab =54………………(2)
from …..(2)
ba =10xb +1x a = 10b +a
ab = 10xa +1xb = 10a +b
so ……(2) becomes
10b +a –(10a +b) = 9b-9a = 54
b –a =6 ………………..(3)
solve ……(1) and ….(3) together
Page 59
𝑎+𝑏 =8
+{
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = 6
2b =14, b=7
𝑎+𝑏 =8
−{
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = 6
2a =2, a = 1
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏 = 17
17. A two digit number is 6 times the sum of the digits. If it is 9
greater than the number formed when the digits are interchanged.
Find the numbers
Soln
Let the two digit number be ‘ab’, where a stands for tens and b stands for
ones
From the information given in question
ab = 6 ( a +b)
ab = 6a +6b
but ab = 10a +b
10a +b = 6a +6b
4a-5b =0 …………..(1)
Also
ba = ab -9
But ba = 10b +a and ab = 10a +b
10b +a = 10a +b -9
-9a +9b =-9
-a +b =-1………….. (2)
Solve ……………. (1) and ………….. (2) together
Page 60
4𝑎 − 5𝑏 = 0
{
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = −1
From -a +b =-1, a = b+1
Take 4a -5b =0, substitute a = b+1
4 (b+1) -5b =0
4b +4 -5b =0
-b +4 =0
-b= -4 , b =4
From
a = b +1
a = 4 +1
a =5
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏 = 54
18. The sum of two numbers is 17. The difference between twice the
larger number and three times the smaller number is 4. Find the
numbers
Soln.
Let the numbers be x and y and x > y
From the question
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 17
{
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4
Solve by substitution method
From x +y =17, x =17-y
From 2x -3y =4, substitute x = 17 –y
2 (17-y) -3y =4
Page 61
34-2y-3y =4
-5y =4-34
-5y =-30
y= 6 and x =17-7 = 17-6 =11
∴ 𝑥 = 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 6
19.Twonumbers are such that ,if the first number is reduced by 10%
and second number is increased by 20%,the sum of their result is
225. Half of the sum of the numbers is 105. Find the numbers.
Soln
Let the first number be x
10𝑥 9𝑥
X reduced by 10% = x- =
100 10
Let the second number be y

20𝑦 6𝑦
Y is increased by 20% = y + =
100 5
Sum of their result is 225

9𝑥 6𝑦
+ = 225
10 5
9x +12y =2250……..(1)
Half the sum of the numbers is 105
1
(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 105
2
X +y = 210 ……….. (2)
Solve ……(1) and ……….. (2) together
9𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 2250
{
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 210
From x + y = 210
Page 62
x= 210-y
take 9x +12y =2250, substitute x= 210- y
9(210-y) +12y =2250
3y=360, y= 120
x = 210-y
x =210 -120 =90
∴ the numbers are 90 and 120
20.Two pencils and one rubber cost Tsh. 3300. Five pencils and three
rubbers cost Tsh 8700. How much does it cost?
Soln.
Let x represent cost of a pencil
Let y represent cot of a rubber
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3300
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8700
Solve any method. Let us use both elimination and substitution method
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 330
{
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8700
Eliminate x
5 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3300
{
2 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8700
10𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 16500
−{
10𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 17400
-y =-900 , y =900/-
Substitute y =900 in first equation to get x
2x +y =3300
2x + 900= 3300
Page 63
2x =3300-900
2x =2400
x=1200/-
∴ 𝐴 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑇𝑠ℎ 1200 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑇𝑠ℎ 900.
21. The sum of a number and 17 is no more than 6. Write an
inequality and solve the problem.
Soln
The word ‘no more than means’<
Let the number be X
X + 17 < 6
X < 6-17
X <-11
𝑥 1 1
22. solve − ≥
2 4 8
Soln.
Multiply by 8 ( l.c.m of denominators )in both sides
𝑥 1 1
8( − ≥ )
2 4 8
4𝑥 − 2 ≥ 1
4𝑥 ≥ 1 + 2
4𝑥 ≥ 3
3
𝑥≥
4
23. solve −2𝑥 + 4 ≥ 6
Soln.
−2𝑥 ≥ 6 − 4
−2𝑥 ≥ 2
Page 64
𝑥 ≤ −1
( 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 ≥ 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ≤
Page 65
TOPIC 08: NUMBERS (II)
1. solve the following absolute values
𝒙
(a) | − 𝟐𝟎| ≤ −𝟏𝟔
𝟑
Soln
𝑥
±( − 20) ≤ −16
3
𝑥 𝑥
− 20 ≤ −16 𝑜𝑟 − ( -20) ≤ −16
3 3
𝑥 𝑥
≤ −16 + 20 𝑜𝑟 − + 20 ≤ −16
3 3
𝑥 −𝑥
≤ 4 𝑜𝑟 ≤ −36
3 3
𝑥 ≤ 12 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 108
(b) 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑𝟎 ≤ |𝟖𝟎|
Soln.
4𝑦 + 30 ≤ ±(80)
4𝑦 + 30 ≤ 80 𝑜𝑟 4𝑦 + 30 ≤ −80
4𝑦 ≤ 80 − 30 𝑜𝑟 4𝑦 ≤ −80 − 30
4𝑦 ≤ 50 𝑜𝑟 4𝑦 ≤ −110
25 55
𝑦≤ 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 ≤ −
2 2
2. Represent the solutions of the inequalities below on number line
(a) |𝒙| < 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙
Soln.
±(𝑥 ) < 13 − 2𝑥
𝑥 < 13 − 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 < 13 − 2𝑥
𝑥 + 2𝑥 < 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 < 13
Page 66
X<4
1
3
3𝑥 < 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 < 13
13
𝑥< 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 < 13
3
1
𝑥 < 4 𝑥 < 13
3
1
∴𝑥<4
3
(b) −𝟑 < 𝒙 − 𝟑 ≤ 𝟏𝟎
Soln.
−3 < 𝑥 − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 3 ≤ 10
−3 + 3 < 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ≤ 10 + 3
0 < 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ≤ 13
0 < 𝑥 ≤ 13
0 < 𝑥 ≤ 13
0< x≤ 13
0 13
Page 67
3. Identify he inequalities from the following number line
−2 0 8
3
Soln
 Since the end of a line have small circles which are not shaded, this
−2
means the sign used is < and and 8 are not included but all the
3
numbers between them are included

∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑠
−2
<𝑥<8
3
4. Given that |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏| < 𝟓, where x is amultiple of 2, find the truth
set.
Soln.
|2𝑥 − 1 | < 5 = ±(2𝑥 − 1) < 5
2𝑥 − 1 < 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − (2𝑥 − 1) < 5
2𝑥 < 5 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑥 + 1 < 5
2𝑥 < 6𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑥 < 5 − 1
𝑥 < 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 > −2
−2 < 𝑥 < 3
Since x is a multiple of 2, then the truth set is {𝑥: 𝑥 = 2}
5. Find the truth set of −𝟐 < |𝒙 − 𝟑| ≤ 𝟐
Soln.
−2 < |𝑥 − 3| ≤ 2
Page 68
−2 < ±(𝑥 − 3) ≤ 2
−2 < 𝑥 − 3 ≤ 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 < −(𝑥 − 3) ≤ 2
−2 + 3 < 𝑥 − 3 + 3 ≤ 2 + 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 < −𝑥 + 3 ≤ 2
1 < 𝑥 ≤ 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 − 3 < −𝑥 + 3 − 3 ≤ 2 − 3
1 < 𝑥 ≤ 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 5 < −𝑥 ≤ −1
1 < 𝑥 ≤ 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5 > 𝑥 ≥ 1
1 < 𝑥 ≤ 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 5
∴1≤𝑥 ≤5
The truth set is {𝑥:1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5}
6. In the following inequality, x is a positive integer. Find the solution
set and present the solution on number line , |𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏| ≤ 𝟕.
Soln.
|2𝑥 + 1| ≤ 7 = ±(2𝑥 + 1) ≤ 7
2𝑥 + 1 ≤ 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − (2𝑥 + 1) ≤ 7
2𝑥 ≤ 7 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑥 − 1 ≤ 7
2𝑥 ≤ 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑥 ≤ 8
𝑥 ≤ 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑥 ≥ −4
∴ −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
Since x is a positive integer , the solution is x = 1,2 and 3
The number line is as follows
1 2 3
7.In the following , x is a negative integer. Find the solution set,
hence present the solution on a number line, |𝒙 − 𝟒| > 𝟐
Soln.
Page 69
|𝑥 − 4| > 2 = ±(𝑥 − 4) > 2
𝑥 − 4 > 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 + 4 > 2
𝑥 > 2 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 > 2 − 4
𝑥 > 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 > −2
𝑥 > 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 < 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑠 {𝑥:𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑔𝑒𝑟
< 2}
𝑖. 𝑒 𝑥 = −1, −2, −3, …
The number line is as follows
-3 -2 -1
8. Writ the inequality from the number line below
-3 0 7
Soln.
𝑥 < −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ≥ 7
𝑜𝑟
−3 > 𝑥 ≥ 7
Page 70
TOPIC 09: RATIO, PROFIT AND LOSS AND SIMPLE
INTEREST
1. The ratio of A to B is 3:7 while that of B to C is 5:9 and that of of
C to D is 10:11. Find the ratio of
(a) A:D (b) A:C (c) A:C:D
Soln. given A:B=3:7, B:C=5:9 and C:D =10:11
(a) Making the value of B common to find A:C
5 𝐴: 𝐵 = 3: 7
⌊
7 𝐵: 𝐶 = 5: 9
𝐴: 𝐵 = 15: 35
𝐵: 𝐶 = 35: 63
∴ 𝐴: 𝐶 = 15: 63 = 5: 21
Now ,
10 𝐴: 𝐶 = 5: 21
⌊
21 𝐶: 𝐷 = 10: 11
𝐴: 𝐶 = 50: 210
𝐶: 𝐷 = 210: 121
∴ 𝐴: 𝐶 = 50: 121
(b) From part (a) above A:C =5:21
(c)from part (b) above A:C:D is 50:210:231
2. Given that a:x =5:6, x:y =8:9 while y:n =11:13. Find
(a) a:y (b) a:n
Soln.
(a)
8 𝑎: 𝑥 = 5: 6
⌊
6 𝑥: 𝑦 = 8: 9
𝑎: 𝑥 = 40: 48
𝑥: 𝑦 = 48: 54
Page 71
∴ 𝑎: 𝑦 = 40: 54
(b)
11 𝑎: 𝑦 = 40: 54
|
54 𝑦: 𝑛 = 11: 13
𝑎: 𝑦 = 440: 693
𝑦: 𝑛 = 693: 819
∴ 𝑎: 𝑛 = 440: 819
3. Deo and Deya have a number of jelly beans in the ratio of 5:3,
Deya and Newton have a number of jelly beans in a ratio of 6:1
(a) what is the ratio of Deo’s jelly beans to Newton’s jelly beans
(b)If Deo and Deya have 64 jelly beans, how many does Deya have?
(c) How many does Newton have?
Soln.
let Deo be D, Deya be V and newton be N
Then given D:V =5:3, V:N =6:1
(a) D:N=?
6 𝐷: 𝑉 = 5: 3
|
3 𝑉: 𝑁 = 6: 1
𝐷: 𝑉 = 30: 18
𝑉: 𝑁 = 18: 3
∴ 𝐷: 𝑁 = 30: 3 = 10: 1
(b) D:V =5:3
5+3=8
For Deya=V
3
× 64 = 3 × 8 = 24
8
∴ 𝐷𝑒𝑦𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑠 24 𝑗𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠
Page 72
(c) from D:N = 10:1
10+1=11
For Deo
10
× 𝑃 = 40, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛
11
10𝑃 = 40 × 11
10𝑃 = 440
𝑃 = 44
1 44
∴ 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑠 × 44 = =4 jelly beans
11 11
4. The ratio of Ally’s money to that of Pilly is 3:5while the ratio of

Pilly’s money to that of Laimon is 7:11. If the sum of money of Ally,
Pilly and Laimon is 777000/- .How much does
(a) Laimon hold?
(b) Pilly hold?
Soln.
Let Ally be A
Let Pilly be P
Let Laimon be L
A:P = 3:5, P:L=7:11,A:P:L =?
7 𝐴: 𝑃 = 3: 5
|
5 𝑃: 𝐿 = 7: 11
𝐴: 𝑃 = 21: 35
𝑃: 𝐿 = 35: 55
𝐴: 𝑃: 𝐿 = 21: 35: 55
21 + 35 + 55 = 111
55
(a) Laimon’s money = × 777,000 = 385,000/−
111
Page 73
35
(b) Pily’s money = × 777,000 = 245,000/−
111
(5) If the selling price is doubled,the profit is trippled. Find the profit
percent.
Soln.
Let the profit be p
Let the selling price be s.p
Let the buying price be B.p
But
Profit = selling price –Buying price
P= s.p – B.p………………………..(1)
From the question
3p=2 S.P –B.p
From ………………………………….(1)
P = S.p –B.P
Then 3 (S.P-B.p)=2S.p – B.P
3S.p -3B.p = 2S.p –B.p
3S.p-2S.p =3B.p-B.P
S.p =2B.p
From
𝑆.𝑝−𝐵.𝑝
%Profit = × 100%
𝐵.𝑝
2𝐵.𝑝−𝐵.𝑃
%Profit = × 100%
𝐵.𝑝
𝐵.𝑃
%Profit = × 100%
𝐵.𝑃
%Profit =1× 100%

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 100%
Page 74
6. A radio is sold at tsh. 10,000,000. This price includes 25% of V.A.T
(a) What was the original price?
(b) Whar was the value if V.A.T?
Soln.
(a) Original price = selling pice – V.A.T
25
Original price = 10,000,000- × 10,000,000 = 7,500,000𝑠ℎ.
100
25
(b) The value of V.A.T = × 10,000,000 = 2,500,000 𝑠ℎ.
100
7. A trader buys an article for sh. 10,000 and sells at a profit of 10%.
Find
(a) The actual Profit
(b) The selling price
Soln.
B.p =10,000
%profit =10%
Profit=?
s.p=?
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
(a) %profit = × 100%
𝐵.𝑝
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
10% = × 100%
10000
Profit = 10x100
Actual profit = 1000/-
(b) Profit = S.p –B.P
1000= S.p- 10000
S.p = 10000 +1000
S.p = 110000/-
Page 75
𝟏
8. A farmer buys a cow for sh. 80,000 and sells it at aloss of 12 %.
𝟐
Find his
(a) The actual loss
(b) The selling price
Soln.
B.p =80,000
1
%loss = 12 %
2
S.p =?
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
(a) % loss = × 100%
𝐵.𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
12.5% = 100%
80,000
Loss =12.5 ×800 = 10000

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 10000𝑠ℎ.
(b) Loss = B.P –S.P
10000 = 80000- s.p
S.p = 80000-10000
S.P=70000sh.
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 70000 𝑠ℎ.
9. Calculate the total worth of an investment after six months with a
capital of 10,000,000 sh. At asimple interest of 3.5 %.
Soln.
T= 6months = 0.5 year
P= 10,000,000 sh.
R = 3.5 %
Page 76
𝑃𝑅𝑇
From 𝐼 =
100
3.5 × 0.5
𝐼 = 10,000,000 ×
100
𝐼 = 175,000 𝑠ℎ.
Total worth =Total amount = I +P =175,000 + 10,000,000 =10,175,000
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 10,175,000 𝑠ℎ.
10. Find the principal that will earn sh. 294 millin invested for 5
years at 6% simple interest.
Soln.
I =294 milion
T =5 years
R =6%
From
𝑃𝑅𝑇
𝐼= =
100
𝑃×6×5
294 =
100
294 ×100
P= =980
30
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 980 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠

11.Seats for mathematic , physics and Biology in a school are in a
ratio 5:7:8. There is a proposal to increase these seats by 40%, 50%
and 75% respectively. What will be the ratio of the increased seats?
Soln.
The ratio of seats before
𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠: 𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑠: 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑠
5∶ 7: 8
The ratio of seats after increase
Page 77
𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠: 𝑃ℎ𝑦𝑠: 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑠
5×140% 7×150% 8×175%= 7:10.5:14
: :
100% 100% 100%
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 7: 10.5: 14

Or
2|7: 10.5: 14 = 14: 21: 28 = 2: 3: 4
Page 78
TOPIC 10: INTRODUCTION TO COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. Find the gradient of the straight lines joining the following points
(a) (3,4), (6,1) (b) (0,-1), (-1,0)
Soln.
(a)
𝑥1 = 3 𝑥2 = 6
𝑦1 = 4 𝑦2 = 1
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 1 − 4 3
𝑚= = = − = −1
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 6 − 3 3
(b)
𝑥1 = 0 𝑥2 = −1
𝑦1 = −1 𝑦2 = 0
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 0 − (−1) 1
𝑚= = = = −1
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 −1 − 0 −1
2. Find the gradient and y-intercept of
𝒚
(a) 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 (b) + 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝟑
Soln.
(a) Writing 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6 = 0 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 and
comparing, where m=gradient and c= y-intercept
3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6 = 0
𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 6
𝑦= 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
By comparison, m= gradient =-3 and c=y-intercept =-6
𝑦
(b) Writing + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, where
3
m=gradient and c =y-intercept
Page 79
𝑦
+𝑥−1=0
3
𝑦
= −𝑥 + 1
3
𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 3
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
By comparison, m=gradient=-3 and c= y-intrcept=3.
𝟏
3.Find x-intercept and y-intercept of the line 𝟎. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒.
𝟓
Soln.
𝑥 − 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡, 𝑦 = 0
1
0.2𝑥 + × 0 = 4
5
0.2𝑥 = 4
2
𝑥=4
10
2𝑥 = 40
𝑥 = 20
x-intercept =20
y-intercept, x=0
1
0.2𝑥 + y =4
5
1
0.2 × 0 + 𝑦 = 4
5
1
𝑦=4
5
𝑦 = 20
y-intercept =20
Page 80
4. Find the equation of the line through the points
(a) A (2,0) and B (1,1) (b) Gradient 10 and y-intercept -4 (c) A point
(2,3 ) and Gradient 6
Soln.
(a)
𝑥1 = 2 𝑥2 = 1
𝑦1 = 0 𝑦2 = 1
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 1 − 0 1
𝑚= = = = −1
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 1 − 2 −1
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 (2,0)
𝑦 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥 − 𝑥1
𝑦−0
−1 =
𝑥−2
−1(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑦
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2
The equation is 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2
(b) Gradient m=10
y-intercept c=-4
from
𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 4
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 4
(c) Gradient m=6
Point (x1,y1) =(2,3)
From
Page 81
𝑦 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥 − 𝑥1
𝑦−3
6=
𝑥−2
𝑦 − 3 = 6𝑥 − 12
𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 9
The equation is y =6x -9
5. Find the equation of the line which is passing through the point
(8,20) and has the y-intercept of -5
Soln.
y-intercept c= -5,
point (x1,y1) = (8,20)
from
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = −5 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
20 = 𝑚 × 8 − 5
25
𝑚= 8
25
ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑥−5
8
6. Find the value of k for which the line whose equation kx +6y-12
=0 does not pass through the point (3, 9).
Soln.
If the line does not pass through the point ( 3,9) ,the equation becomes kx
+6y -12 ≠ 0. Then we substitute the given point in the equation.
Kx +6y -12 ≠ 0
𝑘 × 3 + 6 × 9 − 12 ≠ 0
Page 82
3𝑘 + 54 − 12 ≠ 0
3𝑘 ≠ −42
𝑘 ≠ −14
Hence k should not be -14
7. Find the value of P if the line whose equation is px +8y +10 =0
passes through the point (6, 7)
Soln.
Substitute x=6 and y=7 in Px +8y +10 =0
𝑝 × 6 + 8 × 7 + 10 = 0
6𝑝 + 56 + 10 = 0
6𝑝 = −66
𝑝 = −11
8. Find p and r if the line px +ry =16 passes through (-4,1) and (7,5)
Soln.
 Substitute (-4,1) in 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑟𝑦 = 16
−4𝑝 + 𝑟 = 16…………(1)
 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (7,5)𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑟𝑦 = 16
7p +5y =16 …………..(2)
Solve ….(1) and …..(2) together
5 −4𝑝 + 𝑟 = 16
|
1 7𝑝 + 5𝑦 = 16
−64
𝑝 =
27
7 −4𝑝 + 𝑟 = 16
|
−4 7𝑝 + 𝑦 = 16
Page 83
176
𝑟=
27
9. Sketch the graph of 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟕

 X-intercept, y= 0
3𝑥 + 5(0) = −7
𝑥 = −2.3
The point is (-2.3, 0)
 Y-intercept, x=0
3(0) + 5𝑦 = −7
𝑦 = −1.4
The point is ( 0 ,-1.4)
 Use the poinuse the poits (-2.3,0) and (0, -1.4) to sketch the graph
of 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −7
Page 84
3
-2.3, 0 0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
10.
-1
0, -1.4
3X +5Y=-7
-2
-3
Solve graphically the following system of equations

𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒
|−𝒙
+ 𝒚 = −𝟑
𝟐
Soln.
y=3x +4 y=x/2-3
x1 y1 x2 y2 Linear Equations
-5 -11 -5 -5.5 25
y-axix
-3 -5 -3 -4.5
20
-1 1 -1 -3.5
1 7 1 -2.5 15
3 13 3 -1.5
5 19 5 -0.5 10
5 y=3x +4
y=0.5x -3
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-5
-10
-15
x-axis
The point where the two graphs intersect is the solution of the
simultaneous system, i.e (-3,-4.5)
Page 85
11. (a) Solve graphically the following system of simultaneous
equations
𝒙+𝒚=𝟒
|
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟐
Soln.
Find the x- and y- intercepts of the two equations separately
 x + y =4
x-intercept, y=0
𝑥+0=4
𝑥=4
The point is (4,0)
y-intercept, x=0
0+𝑦 =4
𝑦=4
The point is (0 ,4)
Use the points (4 ,0) and (0 ,4) to graph x +y =4
 2x- y =2
x-intercept, y =0
2𝑥 − 0 = 2
𝑥=1
The point is (1 ,0)
y-intercept , x= 0
2 (0) − 𝑦 = 2
𝑦 = −2
The point is (0,-2)
Page 86
Use the points (1, 0) and (0 ,-2) to graph 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
 After drawing the two graphs on the same xy-plane, read the point
where the two graphs intersect. That point will be solution to the two
equations. Look the graph below! The solution to the linear equations
is (2,2)
Table of values of the intercepts is given below
x1 y1 x2 y2
0 4 0 -2
4 0 1 0
Linear Equations
20
y-axis
15
10
5
Linear (y=-x+4)
0
-5 0 5 10 Linear (y=2x-2)
-5
-10
-15
x-axis
(b) solve the following linear equations graphically

𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 11
|
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4
Soln.
Page 87
By table of values
y=3x-11 y=-2x+4 25
Linear Equations
y-axis
20
x1 y1 x2 y2
0 -11 0 4 15
1 -8 1 2
2 -5 2 0 10
y=3x-11
3 -2 3 -2
5 y=-2x+4
4 1 4 -4
5 4 5 -6
0
6 7 6 -8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
7 10 7 -10 -5
8 13 8 -12
9 16 9 -14 -10
10 19 10 -16
-15
-20
x-axis
From the graph, the solution is ( 3 ,-2)
Page 88
TOPIC 11: PERIMETERS AND AREAS
1. Study the figure below, then calculate their circumference
(a)
20ο
Soln.
Find finding the length of arc first = x
𝑟 = 21𝑐𝑚
360° = 2𝜋𝑟
20° = 𝑥
2𝜋𝑟
𝑥 = 20° × °
360
𝜋𝑟
𝑥=
9
Where r= 21cm
22
𝑥= cm=length of arc
3
22 1
𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2𝑟 + 𝑥 = 2 × 21 + = 49 𝑐𝑚
3 3
(b)
14cm
Soln.
Page 89
Finding the length of the arc first = x, given r= 14cm
From
360° = 2𝜋𝑟
270° = 𝑥
270° × 2𝜋𝑟 3𝜋𝑟 3 × 3.14 × 14
𝑥= = = = 66𝑐𝑚
360° 2 2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 66𝑐𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 66𝑐𝑚 + 14𝑐𝑚 + 14 𝑐𝑚
= 94𝑐𝑚
3.
60°
Soln.
Finding the length of an arc first =x, given the radius r =28cm
From
360° = 2𝜋𝑟
300° = 𝑥
300° × 2𝜋𝑟 5𝑥3.14 × 28
𝑥= = = 146.5𝑐𝑚
360° 3
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑥 = 146.5𝑐𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 + 28 + 28 = 146.5 + 28 + 28
= 202.5𝑐𝑚
Page 90
2. Find the perimeter of
10m
Soln,
Given L=10m
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 4𝑙 = 4 × 10 = 40𝑚
3. Find the perimeter of 40cm
A C
15cm 6cm
D
B 44cm E 8cm
Soln.
Finding ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 first by Pythagorous theorem.
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 =√(62 + 82 ) = √36 + 64 = √100 = 10cm
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ + ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ + 𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐶 = 15 + 52 + 10 + 40 =117cm
4. Two sides of the triangle are 18m and 22m. If the perimeter of the
triangle is 60m. Find the other third side.
Soln.
Let the third side = x
22m
x
18m
Page 91
Perimeter = 22+18 +x
60 =22 +18 +x
X= 60-40
X=20m
The third side is 20m
5. A farmer wants to fence a field that is in the shape of a right a
triangle. He knows that the two shorter sides of the field are 20cm
and 35cm respectively. How long will the fence be to the nearest
hundreds of cm?
Soln.
Let the longer side=x
35cm
x
20cm
𝑥 2 = 352 + 202
𝑥 2 = 1225 + 400
𝑥 2 = 1625
𝑥 = √1625
𝑥 = 40.3𝑐𝑚
Length of the fence will be equal to the perimeter of the Triangle =35
+20+40.3 = 95.3cm.
6. A rectangular football field has a perimeter of 362m. If its Length
is 106m, find its width.
Soln.
Page 92
Perimeter = 2 (L+w)
362= 2( 106 +w)
181=106 +w
W =181-106
W=75cm
Width =75cm
7.The area of the parallelogram is 3432cm2. Calculate its base if its
height is 12cm
Soln.
Area=3432cm2, height =12cm
A=bxh
3432=12b
b=286cm
Base =286cm
8.The perimeter of the rhombus is 36cm. If its diagonals are related
by 2:3, calculate its area
Soln.
Let p be the length of one diagonal
Let l be the length of the other diagonal
P:l= 2:3
𝑝 2
=
𝑙 3
𝑝 2𝑥
= ,
𝑙 3𝑥
where x is the simplifying factor to reach 2/3

Thus p= 2x and l =3x
Page 93
Perimeter =4l
36=4l
L=9cm
A
B
L P
D
C
BD=L=3x
AC=P=2x
Consider a right angled triangle AOB, where O is the center of the figure
By pythagorous theorem
(𝐴𝑂)2 + (𝑂𝐵)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2
2
9𝑥 2
𝑥 + = 92
4
13𝑥 2 = 324
𝑥 2 = 25
𝑥 = 5𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝑝 = 2𝑥 = 2𝑥5 = 10𝑐𝑚
𝐿 = 3𝑥 = 3𝑥5 = 15𝑐𝑚
𝑃×𝑙 10×15
Area of rhombus = = = 75𝑐𝑚2
2 2
9.Find the area of the circle which measures the circumference of

88cm
Soln.
Page 94
From C=2𝜋𝑟
88 = 2𝜋𝑟
44
𝑟=
𝜋
𝑟 = 14𝑐𝑚
And
A= 𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴 = 3.14 × 142
𝐴 = 616𝑐𝑚2
10. Study the figure below and calculate the area
21cm
m
40cm
Soln.
𝐴=𝐿×𝑤
𝐴 = 40 × 21 = 840𝑐𝑚2
11. A rectangle measures 16cm by 4cm. Determine the dimensions

of the square which will measure the same
Soln.
Area of rectangle =lxw
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 16𝑥4 = 64𝑐𝑚2
BUT
Area of Triangle = Area of Square
Page 95
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 64𝑐𝑚2
𝑙𝑥𝑤 = 64
𝑙2 = 64
𝑙 = √64
𝑙 = 8𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐴 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 8𝑐𝑚 𝑏𝑦 8𝑐𝑚
12. The radius of the circle decreases by 10%. Find the decrease in
area.
Soln.
Let the radius = r
10
10% of r = × 𝑟 =0.1r
100
Decreasing r by 10% = r- 0.1r = 0.9r

New r= 0.9r
Original Area = 𝜋𝑟 2 ----------(1)
New Area= 𝜋(0.9𝑟)2= 0.81𝜋𝑟 2 ----------(2)
Decrease in Area = ---(1) - ----(2)
=𝜋𝑟 2 − 0.81𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋𝑟 2 (1 − 0.81) = 0.19𝜋𝑟 2
0.19𝜋𝑟 2
% decrease = × 100% = 19%
𝜋𝑟 2
Therefore decrease in area =19%

13.The radius of the circle is increased by 20%. Find the percentage
increase in area
Soln.
Let the radius =r
20
20% of r = × 𝑟 = 0.2𝑟
100
Page 96
Increase in r by 20% = r+0.2r= 1.2r
Original area=𝜋𝑟 2 --------------(1)
New area after increase in r= 𝜋(1.2𝑟)2
= 1.44𝜋𝑟 2 -----------(2)
Increase in Area =(_______(2) − _______(1) )/𝜋𝑟 2
(1.44𝜋𝑟 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 )
= × 100%
𝜋𝑟 2
= 0.44 × 100%
= 44%
∴ 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 44%
14.Calculate the area of the figure below
11cm
7.2cm
6.4cm
Soln.
1
Area of a trapezium= (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ
2
1
= (7.2 + 11) × 6.4
2
= (7.2 + 11) × 3.2
= 18.2 × 3.2
= 58.24𝑐𝑚2
𝜋𝑟 2 11
Area of a semicircle = , r=
2 2
Page 97
𝜋 11 2
= ( )
2 2
121𝜋
=
8
= 47.4925𝑐𝑚2
Total area =58.24 + 47.4925𝑐𝑚2
15. Find the area of the figure below
Soln.
1
Area = (𝐷1 × 𝐷2 ), where 𝐷1 = 𝐷2 =√120 (length of diagonals)
2
1
Area = ( √120 × √120)
2
1
Area = × 120
2
Area=60𝑐𝑚2
Page 98
16. Study the figure below r+2
(a) Find the perimeter of the inner circle

(b) Find the perimeter of the outer circle
(c) Find the difference in perimeter of the outer and inner perimeter
Soln.
(a) 𝐶1 = 2𝜋𝑟
(b) 𝐶2 =2𝜋(𝑟 + 2) = 2𝜋𝑟 + 4𝜋
(c) ∆𝐶 = 𝑐2 − 𝑐1
∆𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟 + 4𝜋 − 2𝜋𝑟
∆𝐶 = 4𝜋
17. Find the area of the polygon below
10cm
20cm
16cm
8cm
Son.
1
𝐴 = 𝐿 × 𝑊 + 𝑏ℎ
2
1
𝐴 = 26 × 8 + × 6 × 8
2
𝐴 = 208 + 24
𝐴 =232𝑐𝑚2
Page 99
18. Calculate the area of the polygon below
9m
7
m
4m
5m
Soln.
1
𝐴= (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ + 𝐿 × 𝑊
2
1
𝐴 = (5 + 7) × 3 + 9 × 5
2
1
𝐴 = × 12 × 3 + 36
2
𝐴 = 18 + 36
𝐴 = 54𝑚2
Page 100

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BASIC MATHEMATICS REVIEW

FORM ONE TOPICS

A GUIDE TO SOME COMPETENCE-BASED QUESTIONS

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Therefore, the number is 13.

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

pipes to fill the tank.

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

=8 posts on both sides

already) = 1 post 0n one side

Therefore 5 tiles measuring 16cm by 16cm tiles will be used to cover

19. Equal squares as large as possible are drawn on a rectangular

1 box =50 tiles costs 12000/=,

Therefore, it will cost 1440/=

21. What must be added to 937 so as to make it exactly divisible by

the remainder is 37, so 53 must be added to the remainder to make 937

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3. Two-ninth of the tank contains water. Pipe A has to fill one-

3. A book- seller receives a certain number of books. He sold one-

4. A selling price of a shirt has been increased by 60%. Express the

L.C.M of denominators is 7 x 8 x 9 = 504

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Therefore, it will take 1day and 17 hours

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with blue paint. Find the fraction painted blue.

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Multiply …. (1) by … (2)

7. A numbe C is a six-digit number in which the extremes positions

11. About 17 percent of kids will attend an overnight summer camp,

all. Which group of kids is greater than the other?

No summer camp =0.59

TOPIC 04: UNITS

3.Write 0815 hours using 12 -hour clock

4. Write 2240 hours using 12-hour clock

5. Change the following times into 24-hour clock

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7. A pine apple and water –melon weigh 6kg230g together. If the

9. Juma cut a 270cm piece of string from a piece of 9m long.

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But 62% of L = 22cm

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11.What must be added to 90dam 105cm so as to give 30km 25hm

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13. Find (a)

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

10. Estimate the values of the following

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

11. Write 2003.789996 correct to

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022

Compiled by Mr Deya, Busokelo Boys Secondary School- Tukuyu@ 2022