Study of Air Conditioning of The Administration and The Workshop of A Factory in Kondar

Tunisian Republic
Internship Razane of
Higher Institute Chatti
Applied
Ministry of Higher Education and
Sciences and Technology
Scientific Research
of Sousse
University of Sousse
ENERGY DEPARTMENT
INTERNSHIP REPORT
In order to obtain the diploma of National License in:
Energy
Heating and air conditioning
Study of air conditioning of the administration and

the workshop of a factory in Kondar
Prepared by:
Razane Chatti
Mrs. Sana El May Jury president, ISSATso
Supervised by:
Mr. Taoufik Brahim Higher Institute of Applied Sciences

and Technology of Sousse
Mr. Haythem Ben Ameur HVAC Engineering
Academic Year: 2021/2022

Code Sujet:[L-ENG22-005]
Internship Razane Chatti
Dedications
I dedicate this to my parents, Neila and Rafaa, for their constant love and support.
To my sister Lina who never left my side
And to all the people who made such an impact and positive influence on my life
Words will never be enough to express how thankful I am for your relentless support and
compassion towards me.
i
Acknowledgment
First, I would like to thank the academic staff of ISSATso.
I am grateful to Mr. HAITHEM BEN AMEUR, the engineer, Mrs. Rihab Khayat and the
entire HVAC ENGINEERING team for having me and welcome me into their internship.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor Dr.

TAOUFIK BRAHIM, Assistant Professor at ISSAT-Sousse who has been always present,
guiding me and encouraging me throughout this project.
I would also like to thank the jury president Mrs. Sana El May for agreeing to judge this
modest work.
And finally, I would like to thank every single person who helped me through the preparation
process of this report.
ii
Summary
Dedications ............................................................................................................................ i
Acknowledgment................................................................................................................... ii
Summary .............................................................................................................................. iii
General Introduction ...............................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: Presentation of the host company .....................................................................2
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................2
1.2 HVAC Engineering .......................................................................................................2
1.3 Presentation of the company ..........................................................................................3
1.4 The Textile Industry's Characteristics ............................................................................3
1.5 The stages of production ...............................................................................................4
1.6 organizational charts .....................................................................................................5
1.7 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: The internship ..................................................................................................6
2.1 Introduction: .................................................................................................................6
2.2 The activities: ................................................................................................................6
2.3 Internship missions........................................................................................................6
2.4 Conclusion: ...................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: Literature and Theory .......................................................................................8
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................8
3.2 Literature ......................................................................................................................8
3.2.1 Multi-Split system ..................................................................................................8
3.2.2 Packaged Rooftop Unit ......................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Air Handling Unit ................................................................................................. 15
3.3 Air conditioning study ................................................................................................. 17
3.3.1 Thermal balance ................................................................................................... 17
iii
3.3.2 External heat loads ................................................................................................ 17
3.3.3 Internal heat loads ................................................................................................. 19
3.3.4 Total heat loads..................................................................................................... 20
3.3.5 Pressure loss ......................................................................................................... 21
3.3.6 Duct networks calculation ..................................................................................... 22
3.3.7 Textile ducts calculation ....................................................................................... 23
3.4 sanitary plumbing ........................................................................................................ 24
3.4.1 Water distribution design ...................................................................................... 24
3.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 26
Chapter 4: Sizing and results ................................................................................................ 27
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 27
4.2 HVAC study ............................................................................................................... 27
4.2.1 Basic conditions .................................................................................................... 27
4.2.2 The administration ................................................................................................ 27
4.2.3 The workshop ....................................................................................................... 35
4.3 Plumbing Sanitary study.............................................................................................. 47
4.2.1 Cold water ............................................................................................................ 47
4.3.2 Sanitary Hot water ................................................................................................ 50
4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 53
CONCLUSIONS ET PERSPEECTIVES .............................................................................. 54
Bibliographic reference ........................................................................................................ 55
Annex................................................................................................................................... 56
iv
List of figures
Figure 1: HVAC engineering oraganizational charts ...............................................................2
Figure 2: Organizational charts ...............................................................................................5
Figure 3: A Multi-Split air conditioner....................................................................................9
Figure 4: The function of a Multi-Split air conditioner ............................................................9
Figure 5: Refrigeration process ............................................................................................. 10
Figure 6: Single split vs. Multi-split ...................................................................................... 11
Figure 7: A rooftop unit ........................................................................................................ 13
Figure 8: Textile duct ...........................................................................................................24
Figure 9: Minuimum inside diameters depending on the sum of the units ............................. 25
Figure 10: Contribution losses in the administration ............................................................. 31
Figure 11: Emura 3 R32 DAIKIN ......................................................................................... 32
Figure 12: Outdoor unit (3mxm68n9) ................................................................................... 32
Figure 13: The administration's sections ............................................................................... 33
Figure 14: New air duct diagram........................................................................................... 33
Figure 15: Contributions in the workshop .............................................................................38
Figure 16: Rooftop unit "Space PF" by CIAT ....................................................................... 39
Figure 17: Supply lines circuit diagram................................................................................. 40
Figure 18: Return air line circuit diagram .............................................................................42
Figure 19: Extract air circuit diagram.................................................................................... 44
Figure 20: Dynamic pressure ................................................................................................ 46
Figure 21: TEXTILE' AIR I duct .......................................................................................... 46
Figure 22: The administration's restroom .............................................................................. 47
Figure 23: Cold water piping network................................................................................... 48
Figure 24: Abacus for coold water pipe sizing ......................................................................49
Figure 25: Sanitary hot water piping network ....................................................................... 50
Figure 26: Waterwaste network ............................................................................................ 53
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List of tables
Table 1: General information ..................................................................................................3
Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of a Multi-split system[4] ........................................ 12
Table 3: Rooftop unit types and characterizations ................................................................. 13
Table 4: RTU components .................................................................................................... 14
Table 5: Advantages and disadvantages of a rooftop unit system ..........................................15
Table 6: AHU types and characterizations ............................................................................ 16
Table 7: Main advantages and disadvantages of AHU........................................................... 16
Table 8: Basic conditions ......................................................................................................27
Table 9: Administration's heat balance .................................................................................. 29
Table 10: New air duct sizing ............................................................................................... 33
Table 11: New air pressure loss ............................................................................................ 34
Table 12: Extract air duct sizing ........................................................................................... 34
Table 13: Extract air pressure loss ........................................................................................ 34
Table 14: Workshop's heat balance ....................................................................................... 36
Table 15: Rooftop unit characteristics ................................................................................... 39
Table 16: Grid DAU 40 ........................................................................................................ 40
Table 17: Design of the supply lines ..................................................................................... 40
Table 18: Supply line pressure loss ....................................................................................... 41
Table 19: Grid GAV 51/52 ................................................................................................... 42
Table 20: Design of the return air lines ................................................................................. 42
Table 21: Return line pressure losses .................................................................................... 42
Table 22: The diffuser "GAV 51/52" .................................................................................... 43
Table 23: Design of the extract line ...................................................................................... 44
Table 24: Extract line pressure losses.................................................................................... 44
Table 25: Distribution of flow by diffusing duct ................................................................... 45
Table 26: Pressure losses ......................................................................................................45
Table 27: Cold water pipe sizing........................................................................................... 48
Table 28: Pipe's linear pressure loss ...................................................................................... 48
Table 29: Cold water pipe's singular pressure ....................................................................... 49
Table 30: Sanitary hot water pipe sizing ............................................................................... 50
Table 31: Sanitary hot water pipe's linear pressure loss ......................................................... 51
Table 32: Sanitary hot water pipe's singular pressure loss ..................................................... 51
vi
Table 33: wastewater network .............................................................................................. 52

Table 34: Sizing Network Water Valve [annex 30] ............................................................... 52
vii
General Introduction
Suitable and comfortable lifestyle has been and still is the mankind desire, since it provides us
with pleasant and appropriate conditions to complete our daily tasks and manage our needs.
Having a fitting and convenient atmosphere is one of these desires, and for that comes “air
conditioning”.
According to historians, primitive air conditioning passive techniques have existed since the
prehistoric period. By the 20th century, this field started witnessing major upgrades by the
invention of the first ever air conditioning unit. In the present day, this device has
experienced major developments as the development of its various forms and applications has
expanded.
The term "air conditioning" refers to a group of technologies and processes for providing
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) of which the objective is to produce a
better air quality by removing heat and controlling humidity. Installing this system needs a
study beforehand in order to comply with regulations and standards in order to reduce energy
losses, as well as selecting the appropriate equipment and materials.
As a result, we chose to work with "HVAC ENGINEERING" to develop the air conditioning
system lot's study and design.
This report will be including 4 chapters:
 The first chapter is dedicated to present the host company and the textile company
 The second chapter is dedicated to the internship where I’ll be reporting the steps that
have been taken and the missions that have been accomplished during this internship
 The third chapter will include a brief presentation to the air conditioning systems that
were chosen for this establishment.
 The last chapter will include two studies: First study is about calculating the heat balance
and determining the perfect sizing for the air conditioning system.
The second is about sanitary plumbing where we will determine the pipe sizing for cold
and sanitary hot water supply and evacuation of wastewater.
1
CHAPTER 1: Presentation of the host company

1.1 Introduction
The first chapter will be dedicated to represent the textile factory which is my project for my
graduation internship and to display the different stages of the production.
1.2 HVAC Engineering
 Presentation of the company
HVAC Engineering is a specialized design office, created in 2005.
It’s directed by Mr. Haythem Ben Ameur, a senior engineer graduated from the National
Engineering School of Monastir.
Many projects from various states were realized by this company such as Tunis, Sousse, Sfax,
Monastir, etc.
Its main activities are related to:

 Study and design of central air conditioning and air treatment plants
 Study and design of central heating and under floor heating systems.
 Study and design of sanitary plumbing installations, solar installations
The following list includes some projects that were done by HVAC ENGINEERING
Company:
- Agency STB KELIBIA
- Renovation of the stadium CHEDLY ZUITEN
- Extension of the factory SOTUPA SANCELLE
- REGENCY MONASTIR Hotel
- Renovation of the hotel SOUSSE PALACE
 HVAC Engineering organizational charts
consulting engineer
two two
secretary
technicians designers
Figure 1: HVAC engineering oraganizational charts

2
Table 1: General information

HVAC ENGINEERING
HAYTHEM BEN AMEUR
Senior engineer
Rue AVICENNE- Imm le Saphir-App 401-4000 sousse
Phone : 73 200 226
Fax : 73 200 227
E-mail : hvac@topnet.tn
Van de Velde confection

Sousse Road, Kondar
1.3 Presentation of the company
The textile industry is an economic activity that involves the production of yarns, fibers,
textiles, and other materials used in the clothing industry.
This industry includes the production of clothing, shoes, and other accessories that people use
to dress.
Because of its massive global workforce, the textile industry stands out among other
industries. It can also be set up anywhere in the world at the lowest cost per man-hour of labor
because it only requires lightweight machines.
The textile company that we are interested in is located in Kondar, Sousse.
1.4 The Textile Industry's Characteristics
The textile industry has the following main characteristics:
 It's categorized as a "lighter" industry. This is because, in comparison to other

industries such as mining or metallurgy, it does not require large quantities of
materials.
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 It combines natural materials such as cotton and wool with synthetic materials
such as polyester and nylon.
 Its products are consumed in large quantities throughout the year.
It is part of the economy's secondary sector, which converts raw materials into
completed goods for the end user.
 It is a closely related industry to the fashion sector, and it is from this industry
that fashion trends are recommended. These, in turn, vary depending on the
country or area.
 Seasonal variations in demand typically require styles of clothing.
1.5 The stages of production
The following are the main manufacturing steps [1]:
 The technical data: It is an essential document for agreeing on the details and specificities
of each piece in the collection. It includes clothing design documents.
 Purchase materials for a variety of tests: Before purchasing the appropriate materials,
various tests are required.
 Development of models: There are three parts to this step:
1. the needed materials and supplies are pre-selected
2. the patterns for each piece of clothing is drawn
3. cutting and sewing the cloth to transform the idea into a technical model
 Prototype and testing: Prototypes are sewn and tested on mannequins, to ensure that the
clothes are portable and perfectly match the main idea. Also the ordered supplies are put
to the test.
 Final selection before production: In this step, the needed materials are validated while
the unfit models will be rejected.
 Purchase of raw materials
 Gradation
 Pre-production at the manufacturer: It is done to ensure that each model is correctly
constructed.
 Mass production
4
 Quality control and validation of the product: The product is tested for compatibility with
the technical file as well as timeliness.
 Buyers' delivery: The products are then supplied to the buyers who pre-ordered them.
1.6 organizational charts
This figure shows the administration members and their different positions in this factory.
deputy plant
manager
assistant
billing methodical
manager agent
production chain master

manager 1
cutting chaine
manager master2
director embroidery
team leader
export
modelist
manager
development method
manager agent
store placement
chain master
manager technicien
factory
quality
quality
manager
quality
controller
Figure 2: Organizational charts

1.7 Conclusion
This chapter described this industry’s characteristics and its stages of production.
For the next chapter, we will focus on the internship.
5
CHAPTER 2: The internship

2.1 Introduction:
In this chapter, I will be reporting on the activities I've taken and the missions during my
internship, I will be reporting on the steps I've taken and the missions I've fulfilled during my
internship.
2.2 The activities:
Due to the unfortunate circumstances caused by the Corona Virus, I was unable the chance to
explore the host company; however, I was able to contact the team who provided me all
needed information and instructions to get started.
 As a first action, I took the time to examine the textile factory’s plans: the spaces,
window and door numbers, the building’s elements … I also searched its location such
as geographical coordinates, latitude and longitude and so on.
 My second action was to divide this big company into two zones: administration and
workshops to simplify the big plan and to have a better vision for the air conditioning
systems that would be installed later on.
 The following action was to calculate the proper duct sizes that I could sketchthe air
conditioning system with the accurate measurements.
 The following step was devoted to conducting bibliographic research and initiating a
heat balance database for each zone, allowing me to select appropriate air conditioning
systems.
 My final step was to write the report and deliver it to my supervisors so that I could
improve and boost my work.
2.3 Internship missions
Being a part of this internship, I had the opportunity to develop and expand my knowledge
about this field, as well as to search for the appropriate air conditioning systems.
Furthermore, this opportunity allowed me to closely examine any potential issues that may
occur during the project and find appropriate solutions. This allowed me to put my knowledge
into practice such as:
 MICROSOFT OFFICE (Word and Excel)

6
 Duct Sizer
 AUTOCAD 2021
Because it was my first time shifting from the educational to the professional sector, my
experience had its signiﬁcant challenges and difficulties.
2.4 Conclusion:
Being a part of this internship gave me the opportunity to become more responsible and
organized when it comes to my working methods.
Aside from the difficulties that I encountered, during this period I had the chance to use my
theoretical and practical training that I learned during my academic years and to enhance my
knowledge.
Time management, decision making and adaptability are some qualities that I developed
while searching and collecting information.
This experience provided me with the opportunity to promote my skills especially

communication.
Working on different programs also evolved my expertise and ability which it will be
valuable to my future career.
In the second chapter, I discussed the different steps taken to complete my internship and its
various missions.
7
CHAPTER 3: Literature and Theory

3.1 Introduction
This chapter will be divided into 3 parts: First, we'll go over the various air conditioning
systems that have been selected for this project, including the multi-split system (MS) and the
packaged rooftop unit (PRU). The operation, advantages and disadvantages of such systems
will be discussed, as well as the features of internal components. After that, I'll describe how
to determine the heat balance for both zones, administration and workshop, using a
mathematical theory model equation.
3.2 Literature
3.2.1 Multi-Split system
 Brief history
Willis H. Carrier, an American inventor, invented the first modern electrical air conditioning
unit in 1901, and 1902 would be the year of the first installed air conditioning system that
could control both temperature and humidity.
Stuart W. Cramer began looking for techniques to introduce moisture to the air in order to
benefit his textile mill in 1906, as the humidity level in the textile plants is critical. Cramer
has blended moisture and ventilation in the past. Willis Carrier later used this strategy.
The first individual room air conditioning system was invented by H.H Schultz and J.Q
Sherman in 1931[2].
The first multi-split air conditioning system was created in 1973 “DAIKIN”, the first Japanese
company to manufacture packaged air conditioning systems since 1951. By 1982, DAIKIN
has developed the first commercial multi-split air conditioners in the world.
 Principle of operation
A multi-split air conditioner is a form of split air conditioner that can cool up to five zones at
once and connects one external compressor to four or five internal air outputs using
refrigerant lines rather than a complicated duct system. In addition to the refrigerant tubing,
8
the interior air outputs are connected to the outdoor unit via condensate drain lines and.
electrical wires.
Figure 3: A Multi-Split air conditioner
The multi-split has a single condenser with a bigger cooling capacity and size. The intelligent
control board in the multi-split condenser receives and delivers signals from and to each of its
evaporators. All of the evaporators connected to the multi-split condenser can communicate
with one another and be controlled.
An inverter compressor is constantly present in a multi-split air conditioner. The condenser of

a multi-split air conditioner distributes refrigerant to each of its evaporators based on the
signals provided by each evaporator. The multi-split air conditioner can run even if just one of
the evaporators is turned on.
Figure 4: The function of a Multi-Split air conditioner
9
 Refrigeration
The goal of a refrigeration cycle is to absorb and reject heat. You can't make cold, but you can
remove heat. The refrigeration cycle, also known as a heat pump cycle, is a method of
directing heat away from the area that needs to be cooled. This is performed by compressing
and expanding the working refrigerant's pressure (air, water, synthetic refrigerants, etc.).
The following components are required for this processor:
- The compressor
- The condenser
- The expansion valve
- The evaporator
Figure 5: Refrigeration process
The first step in the refrigeration cycle is compression, and a compressor is the piece of
equipment that increases the working gas's pressure. The refrigerant enters the compressor ata
low-pressure, low-temperature and exits as a high-pressure, high-temperature gas.
In a basic refrigeration loop, the condenser is one of two types of heat exchangers. This
component receives vaporized, high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant from the
compressor.
The condenser is a device that removes heat from a heated refrigerant vapor gas until it
condenses into a saturated liquid form, also known as condensation.
10
The refrigerant transforms into a high-pressure, low-temperature liquid after condensing,

which is thereafter injected into the loop's expansion mechanism.
The purpose of the expansion device in a system is to create a pressure drop. As a result of the
pressure reduction, some of the refrigerant will boil quickly, resulting in a two-phase mixture.
In a conventional refrigeration circuit, the evaporator is the second heat exchanger. The goal
of the final phase of the refrigeration cycle is to absorb heat.
When refrigerant enters the evaporator as a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid, and a fan
blows air through the evaporator's fins, the air is cooled by the refrigerant absorbing heat from
the place in question. After that, the refrigerant is reintroduced to the compressor, and the
process starts again.
 Comparison of a Multi-Split AC system and Split AC system
Outdoor and indoor devices are used in both single and multi-split units. The condenser and
compressor, which make up the outdoor unit, are usually placed outside your home. The inner
device is made up of the evaporator and, in most cases, the furnace. The two portions are
connected via a refrigerant line.
Only one interior unit is connected to the outdoor compressor in a single split air conditioner.
Multi-split air conditioners have many indoor units that are linked to the outdoor unit. As a
result, the initial expenses of multi split systems are greater since more units are required, as
well as longer and more sophisticated pipelines [3].
Figure 6: Single split vs. Multi-split
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 Advantages and disadvantages
Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of a Multi-split system[4]
Advantages Disadvantages
 Up to five indoor units can be linked  The use of energy must be carefully
to a single outdoor unit. planned.
 Installs a comprehensive air  The location of the outside air
conditioning system without the need compressor must be adjacent to the
of ducting in various zone interior indoor units.
spaces.  Bulky
 Individual room temperature settings  It's possible that more than one
can be controlled. outside unit will be required.
 Indoor units of various types and  When a compressor fails, the entire
capacities can be combined in one system comes to a halt.
system to provide bespoke solutions
that are unique to each household
setting.
3.2.2 Packaged Rooftop Unit
A packaged rooftop unit is a system that combines all of the elements required for heating and
cooling into one unit. This type of HVAC system is usually found on commercial buildings,
especially retail and industrial properties.
Rooftop units are connected to ductwork which provides a path for conditioned air to follow
so it will be distributed to certain parts of the building.
12
Figure 7: A rooftop unit

Table 3: Rooftop unit types and characterizations
RTU type Function

A basic RTU: The air is pulled from the outside by the fan.
During this process, the air will pass by the

dumpers, filters and coils and then
distributed throughout the ductwork to the
building.
RTU recirculation A return air damper is included in this

design. This will act in conjunction with the
intake damper, and the two will adjust their
positions to change the amount of fresh and
return air traveling through the unit. Because
the structure would otherwise fill up with
carbon dioxide and generate an unhealthy
atmosphere, there will always be a certain
amount of fresh air entering. The fan's
suction will pull air in from the ducting when
the damper opens. No air will be pulled in
when the damper is closed.
RTU recirculation and discharge We have a return air damper in this design,
but this time some or all of the air can be
rejected to atmosphere. How much air is
rejected and how much is mixed and
recirculated is determined by the temperature
of the outside air and return air, as well as the
CO2 content of the return air. When the
outside air temperature is below or close to
the desired indoor temperature, 100% fresh
air can be blown into the building and none
13
of it will be recirculated; instead, all of it will

be rejected as the cooling demand is met.
RTU with heat wheel
Fresh air will be pulled by the air hood. The

air amount is controlled by the damper.
Next, the pulled air passes through a filter

and then through a heat wheel.
The heat wheel, a rotating heat exchanger,

catches the wasted hot or cold air from the
return discharge air and transfers it over the
incoming fresh air without the mixing of the
two air streams.
 Rooftop Unit components
Table 4: RTU components
Component name Function

Housing/casing It contains the RTU’s internal systems and
protects them from the outside.
It also contains a drain pan to prevent
condensation.
Fan It is the centerpiece of the system. It’s job is

to push the cooled or heated air to different
parts of the building.
Cooling coil It is used to dehumidify the atmosphere and is

part of the equipment that keeps the relative
humidity of a cold room or any other process
that requires certain humidity conditions
under control.
14
Heating coil It allows the heating of the air. Hot water or

refrigerant condensation can be used to heat
the space.
Filters They prevent the spread of dust and other

particles inside the facility
humidifiers It produces water vapor or steam to increase

the amount of moisture in the air (humidity)
dumpers These are essentially metal sheets that rotate

together. They either fully open to allow air
into the unit or fully close to prevent air from
entering or exiting.
- Advantages and disadvantages of a RTU system
Table 5: Advantages and disadvantages of a rooftop unit system
 Fast installation  Limited flexibility to change
 Installed on the roof components
 Less cost  Limited fan performance
 Saving plant space  Shorter equipment life
 Limited filtration options
3.2.3 Air Handling Unit
15
The AHU is often a huge metal box that connects to the ductwork that distributes conditioned
air throughout the building before returning it to the AHU. A multitude of ventilators with
various functions are housed inside this big metal box.
AHUs deliver fresh air to the room. Outside air is collected, filtered, and reconditioned by the
devices (cooled by a cooling coil or heated by a heating coil).
The casing or housing, the fan, the heating and/or cooling coil, filters, humidifiers, and the
mixing box are the major components of an AHU system [5].
The two most frequent types of air handling units are "Draw-Through" and "Blow-Through"
air handling units
Table 6: AHU types and characterizations
Blow Through AHU Type The fan blows the air through the mixing
box, filters, and cooling coil before
discharging it to the conditioned space or the
ducting system in the Blow-Through type.
The area after the fan has positive pressure in
this situation.
The fan pulls air through the mixing box,

Draw Through AHU Type filters, and cooling coil before discharging it
from the fan outlet to the conditioned space
or the ducting network in the Draw-Through
type. The design might be horizontal or
vertical. The area before the fan is under
negative pressure in this situation.
- Advantages and disadvantages of a handling unit system
Table 7: Main advantages and disadvantages of AHU
16
 Comfortable working environment  The entire facility will be without air
 Less disruptive conditioning if the air handling
 Less cost machine fails
3.3 Air conditioning study
3.3.1 Thermal balance
A thermal balance is a tool that allows us to assess a home's energy deficiencies. The final
goal is to acquire recommendations in order to select the most appropriate energy
improvement projects, or at the very least to appropriately schedule them, beginning with the
most pressing.
The thermal balance is also used to determine potential heat losses by identifying the house's
thermal bridges and to analyze overall energy usage. This audit also provides an opportunity
to assess if the home complies with current thermal norms.
3.3.2 External heat loads
 Heat supply by transmission through the walls at constant speed:
𝑸𝑺𝒕𝒓 = 𝑲𝒔 × 𝑺 × (𝑻𝒆 − 𝑻𝒊 ) [𝑾]
- 𝑺: wall or window surface area [m²]

- 𝑻𝒆 : outside air temperature [°C]
- 𝑻𝒊 : indoor air temperature [°C]
- 𝑲𝒔 : Overall heat transfer coefficient by conduction and convection [W/m²°C]
The overall heat transfer coefficient is determined by the exchanges caused by heat
conduction through the wall, air convection on the external surface, and radiation from the
surrounding surfaces:
1 1 1 en
= + +∑
K s hi he λn
17
- K s : The coefficient of surface transmission [W/m²°C]

- hi : The convective heat transfer coefficient at the interior surface [W/m²C]
- he : The convective heat transfer coefficient at the outside surface [W/m²°C]
- en : Layer thickness n [m]
- λn : The thermal conductivity of layer n [W/m²°C]
 Solar heat:
 On the glazing
The amount of heat passing through the glazing:
𝑸𝑺𝑹𝒈 = 𝜶 × 𝑺 × 𝒈 × 𝑹𝒈 [𝑾]
- 𝜶: coefficient of absorption of the glazing

- 𝒈: The reduction factor is determined by how well the window is insulated from solar
radiation.
- 𝑺: glazed area [m²]
- 𝑹𝒈 : Intensity of solar radiation on cover glass[W/m²];
 Through the wall:
The amount of heat transferred through the wall:
𝑸𝑺𝑹𝒘 = 𝜶 × 𝑭 × 𝑺 × 𝑹𝒎 [𝑾]
- 𝜶: The absorption coefficients of the radiation-receiving wall are affected by the color
and nature of the wall.
- 𝑺: Wall surface area [m²]
- 𝑭: Solar Factor
- 𝑹𝒎 : Solar radiation absorbed by the wall surface[W/m²]
 Heat Due to ventilation/infiltration:
The key factor in determining the ventilation heat loss in a building is the ventilation rate,
i.e. the average rate at which air flows through it. For this raison, sensible and latent heat
losses are considered.
 Sensitive heat gains from ventilation:
𝑸𝑹𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒 × 𝑸𝒗 × (𝑻𝒆 − 𝑻𝒊 ) [𝑾]
18
- 𝑸𝒗 : Air ventilation or infiltration rate[m3/h]

- 𝑻𝒆 : Outside air temperature [°C]
- 𝑻𝒊 : Indoor air temperature [°C]
- 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒: The assumed heat capacity of air times the density of air[Wh/m3.K]
 Latent heat gains from ventilation:
𝑸𝑳𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 × 𝑸𝒗 × (𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 ) [𝑾]
- 𝑸𝒗 : Air ventilation or infiltration rate[m3/h]

- 𝒓𝒆 : Moisture content of outdoor air [g/ kgas]
- 𝒓𝒊 : Moisture content of indoor air [g/kgas]
- 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒: Latent heat of a vaporization of water by air specific heat at constant
volume [Wh. kgas /m3.g water]
3.3.3 Internal heat loads
 Heat supplied by occupants':
The ambient temperature and the type of activity performed by the occupant are used to
calculate resident inputs. The occupants' thermal inputs are classified into two categories:
sensitive and latent.
 Sensitive heat loss:

𝑄𝑆𝑜𝑐 = 𝑛 × 𝐶𝑆𝑜𝑐 [𝑊]
 Latent heat loss:
𝑄𝐿𝑜𝑐 = 𝑛 × 𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑐 [𝑊]
- 𝑛: Number of occupants
- 𝐶𝑆𝑜𝑐 : Sensitivespecific heat transfer coefficient of occupant [W]
- 𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑐 : Latent heat transfer coefficient of occupant [W]
 Lighting heat loss:
𝑄𝑙𝑖 = 𝑀𝑒 × 𝑃 = 𝑃𝑠 × 𝑆 [𝑊]
- 𝑀𝑒 : Dimensionless correction coefficient that depends on the type of lighting
(fluorescence equal to 1.25; incandescence equal to 1)
- 𝑃𝑠 : Installed Lighting Power [W/m2]
- 𝑃: Actual electrical power installed for lighting in [W]
19
- 𝑆: Space area [m2]
 Heat supplied by machine and equipment’s:
Every electrical device generates heat while in use. The expressions that contribute to this
contribution are as follows:
 Sensitive heat loss:
𝑄𝑆𝑚 = ∑ 𝑛𝑖 × 𝑃𝑠 [𝑊]
 Latent heat loss:
𝑄𝐿𝑚 = ∑ 𝑛𝑖 × 𝑃𝑙 [𝑊]
- 𝑛𝑖 : Number of machines ‘ i ’
- 𝑃𝑠 : Sensitive machinesheat loss [W]
- 𝑃𝑙 : Latentmachines loss [W]
3.3.4 Total heat loads
The sum of all external and internal loads is the total thermal balance ( 𝑄𝑇 ). Summing
sensitive (𝑄𝑆 ) and latent (𝑄𝐿 ) loads is more convenient.
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄𝑆 + 𝑄𝐿 [𝑊]
 Total Sensitive Loads:
Due to the temperature difference between the interior and outside, the following are the
contributions of the sensitive heats in the assumption:
𝑄𝑆 = 𝑄𝑆𝑡𝑟 + 𝑄𝑆𝑅𝑔 + 𝑄𝑆𝑅𝑤 + 𝑄𝑅𝑣 + 𝑄𝑆𝑜𝑐 + 𝑄𝑆𝑙𝑖 + 𝑄𝑆𝑚 [𝑊]
 Total Latent loads :
These are the contributions of latent heat caused by differences in the amount of water vapour
in outdoor and interior air.
20
𝑄𝑆 = 𝑄𝐿𝑣 + 𝑄𝐿𝑜𝑐 + 𝑄𝐿𝑚 [𝑊]
3.3.5 Pressure loss
The pressure loss of the network is equal to that of the section with the greatest equivalent
length (linear) taking into account all the transformations of direction and section (Singular).
∆𝑃𝑡 = ∆𝑃𝑙 + ∆𝑃𝑗
- ∆𝑃𝑡 : total charge loss

- ∆𝑃𝑙 : linear load loss
- ∆𝑃𝑗 : singular charge loss
 linear head loss:
𝜆 𝐿 𝜌𝑉 2
∆𝑷𝒍 =
𝐷 2
- ∆𝑃𝑙 : linear load loss

- 𝜆 : Relative roughness of the pipe.
- 𝐿: pipe length (m)
- 𝐷: pipe diameter(m)
- 𝜌: air density (Kg/m3)
- 𝑉: air velocity (m/s)
In the case of laminar flow in a circular duct, 𝜆 = 64/𝑅𝑒
In the case of a turbulent flow (Re greater than 4000), , 𝜆 = 0.316/𝑅𝑒 0.25
In most of the studies to be carried out in air conditioning, the air speed is around 4 to 6 m/s
and at a temperature of about 20°C.In these cases, the pressure drop can be estimated at
(Annex 20):
∆𝑷𝒍 = 3106 𝑄1.9 𝐿/𝐷5
In case where the velocity is known:
∆𝑷𝒍 = 6𝑉 1.82 𝐿/𝐷1.22
21

- 𝐷: pipe diameter(mm)
Sometimes, the duct used will be other than circular, we will then use the term diameter of
equivalent duct. The equivalent diameter of any conduit is defined as the diameter of the
conduit cylindrical which, traversed by the same air flow, will present the same pressure drop.
In the case of a rectangular duct, ASHRAE estimates this diameter to be equivalent to (Annex
20):
𝐷𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖 = 1.265 (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏)0.6 ⁄(𝑎 + 𝑏)0.2
 Singular head loss:
𝜌 𝑉2
Δ𝑃𝑗 = 𝜉
2
- ∆𝑃𝑗 : singular charge loss

- 𝜉 : singular load loss coefficient
- 𝜌: air density (Kg/m3)
For each singularity, heat loss coefficient must be calculated depending on dimensions’
characterizations (Annex 20).
3.3.6 Duct networks calculation
As a general rule, we will strive to obtain the simplest and most symmetrical layout possible.
The calculation of network pressure drops can be carried out by one of the methods following:
 Constant linear head losses

 Calculation according to the speed of the air circulating in the network
 Calculation by the method of static pressure gains
 Method of constant linear head losses
This method applies to supply, return and extraction networks. She is mainly used for
approximate and fast calculations during pre-studies. In this method, a linear pressure drop is
22
fixed which will be constant throughout the along the network. The pressure drop that the fan
will have to combat will be this loss of chosen load multiplied by the total length of the
circuit. Usually coupled with the method equivalent lengths, this pressure drop calculation is
very fast and the fan must combat the pressure loss of the longest or most uneven network.
This type of calculation leads to an automatic speed reduction in the network.
 Calculation method depending on the speed
In this method, we strive to respect the air flow speeds as much as possible. Depending on the
function and location of the duct. The loss of pressure combated by the fan will no longer
necessarily be due to the network longer, but may be the fastest network pressure loss. The
calculation can be made by the method of equivalent lengths or losses of singular load. This is
the type of calculation performed most often in industry (Annex 20).
 Static Pressure gain method
This method is undoubtedly the most complicated to use, which is why it is very little used in
industry. The principle of this method consists in sizing each section in such a way that the
increase in static pressure due to the variation in air speed after each tapping or diffuser,
exactly compensates the pressure drop of its section. This calculation method can only be
applied to a supply network and makes it possible to reduce the monomeric head of the fan
since in theory, only the pressure drop of the first stretch cannot be compensated. The
disadvantage of this calculation is that it requires a constant decrease in speed and larger duct
sizes.
3.3.7 Textile ducts calculation

As a second solution, textile ducts can be the perfect option.
The textile duct, also known as a textile air diffuser, is a technical product that allows treated
air to be diffused or conveyed from one location to another based on highly particular
conditions.
23
Figure 8: Textile duct

For this project, we will use four textile ducts without a collector.
 Dynamic pressure
𝑉²
𝑃𝑑 = 𝜌 ×
2
- 𝜌: density (kg/m3)
 Static pressure
𝑙
𝑃𝑠 = 𝛽( )𝑃𝑑
𝑑
- 𝛽: coefficient of friction linked to the number of Reynolds

- 𝑙: length of pipe (m)
- 𝑑: diameter of pipe (m)
 Total pressure
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑠 + 𝑃𝑑
- 𝑃𝑠 : static pressure
- 𝑃𝑑 : dynamic pressure
3.4 sanitary plumbing

Sanitary plumbing is a whole network of water distribution so that you have a supply of
drinking water as well as sewage disposal but also the production of hot water and the
installation of sanitary facilities.
3.4.1 Water distribution design

 Base flow rate
24
DTU 60-11 specifies the minimum flow rates (in l/s) for each device. A segment's base flow
is the sum of the flows of all devices fed by that segment.
 Probable flow rate
Probable flow is the maximum flow that can exist in a section of piping.
The base rates must be reduced by a simultaneity coefficient Y.
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 ∗ 𝑌
 Simultaneity coefficient
- Case of collective housing:
𝑌 = 0.8/√(𝑥 − 1)
x: appliances number
- Case of individual housing:
Each individual device is assigned a coefficient (figure 9); the sum of the units allows
using the curve to determine the minimum supply diameter of the device group from 2
Figure 9: Minuimum inside diameters depending on the sum of the units
25
3.5 Conclusion
As a first step in this chapter, we presented the different air conditioning systems that we will
use for this project as well as the refrigeration cycle to understand the air cooling process.
As a second part, we presented the different formulas that we need to assess a home’s energy
deficiencies. The next chapter is dedicated for sizing.
26
Chapter 4: Sizing and results

4.1 Introduction
In this final chapter, we will calculate the heat balance for each zone, air flow rates, mass
blow rate and so on to select the proper sizing for the air conditioner.
As we previously mentioned, this project will be divided into two zones, therefore, we will be
also dividing this chapter into two parts
4.2 HVAC study
4.2.1 Basic conditions

Before calculating the heat balance, it is important to show the area’s basic condition
[annex 11]:
The local’s geographic location is:
• Latitude: 35.9327
• Longitude: 10.3001 35° 55 58 North, 10° 18 0 East
Table 8: Basic conditions
Parameters Ts(°C) HR% r (g/kg as)

External Conditions 37 50 20
Internal conditions 25 45 9
4.2.2 The administration

 The administration’s heat balance
In this part we will focus on calculating the area’s transmission coefficients [annex 1 to11]:
 The walls:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒆
= + +∑
𝑲 𝒉𝒊 𝒉𝒆 𝝀
- K: The coefficient of surface transmission (W/m²C)

- 𝒉𝒊 : The convective exchange coefficient at the interior surface (W/m²°C)
- 𝒉𝒆 : The convective exchange coefficient at the outside surface (W/m²°C)
- 𝒆:Layer thickness n (m)
27
- 𝝀: The coefficient of the layer n (W/m°C)

 35 cm double wall exterior without thermal insulation: K=1.08 W/m2 °C.
 30 cm double wall exterior without thermal insulation K=1.22W/m2 °C.
 10 cm interior wall without thermal insulation K=0.86 W/m2 °C.
 The roof:
𝑒 0.01
 Tiled floor 1 cm: =
𝜆 0.755
𝑒 0.05
 A concrete slab 5 cm: =
𝜆 1.3
 Slabs + cellular concrete screed: R=0.17
𝑒 0.02
 Cement coating: =
𝜆 1.15
𝑒 0.01
 Plaster coating: =
𝜆 0.35
K= 2.13 W/m²K
 The ceiling:
𝑒 0.01
 Water resistance: =
𝜆 0.17
𝑒 0.16
 firm concrete slope: 𝜆 = 1.3
 slabs + cellular concrete screed: R=1.3

𝑒 0.02
 Cement coating: =
𝜆 1.15
 surface exchange resistance:
𝟏 𝟏
+ 𝒉 = 0.22
𝒉𝒊 𝒆
K =1.7 W/m²k
 The doors :
Exterior doors:
2 doors W (2.1*2) : K=3.54 W/m²°C
3doors N(2.1*2) : K=3.54 W/m²°C
 The glazing:
11 windows W (1.3*2) : K= 3.45 W/m²°C
28
2 windows S (1.3*2): K= 3.45 W/m²°C
Renewal outdoor air flow rate:
Qv = Qs + Qi [m3/h]
- Qs: Specific air flow [m3/h] (equals the number of people multiplied by the
minimum new air flow)
- Qi: Infiltrated air flow [m3/h] (equals the volume of room multiplied by the ratio of
air infiltration depending on the type of carpentry).
Qs = 25*40 = 1000 m3/h
Qi = 0.3 × 585.7 × 5.05 = 887.33 m3/h
Qv = 1000+887.33=1887.33 m3/h
 Calculation tools
I used EXCEL to calculate the heat balance.
- Excel spreadsheet:
EXCEL relates to the Spreadsheet family of programs. This software helps to create
calculation tables, invoices, graphs, and thus more.
In order to facilitate the process, we can use formulas to automate calculations.
This spreadsheet represents the thermal balance of the first zone: the administration
Table 9: Administration's heat balance
External heat loads (zone1: administration)

Heat suppy by transmission through the walls
Q total (W)
Corrected
Surface surface ΔT Q
Walls and ceiling ( m2) K (°C) Q sensitive latent
Exterior wall W 243,76 215,07 1.08 12 2787,3072
Exterior wall S 66,91 57,04 1,08 12 739,2384
Interior wall N 63,529 63,529 0,86 0 0
29
Interior wall E 42,2 42,2 0,86 0 0

Interior wall W 62,13 40,73 0,86 0 0
Ceiling 585,7 585,7 2,13 12 14970,492
Doors
2 exterior doors
N 8,8 8,8 3,54 12 373,824
Glazing
11 Exterior
windows W 28,6 28,6 3,45 12 1184,04
3 Exterior
windows S 7,8 7,8 3,45 12 322,92
Total 20377,8216
Heat due to ventilation/infiltration
The assumed heat Q(W)
Air flow capacity of air times ΔH Q
Surface (m3/h) the density of air (Kj/kgas) Q sensitive latent
0,00833333 222,761233
585,7 1,141 40
3 3
Total 222,7612333
Solar heat
Surface Q
Walls and ceiling ( m2) α F Rm (W/m2) Q sensitive latent
Exterior wall W 269,87 0,4 0,094 590 5986,79608
Exterior wall S 57,04 0,4 0,094 75 160,8528
Ceiling 585,7 0,7 0,085 570 19864,0155
Surface Q
Glazing
( m2) α G Rv (W/m2) Q sensitive latent
11 Exterior
windows W 28,6 1 0,68 435 8459,88
3 Exterior
windows S 7,8 1 0,68 20 106,08
Total 8565,96
Heat supplied by machine and equipment
Ps Q
Machine types Number (W/m) Pl (W/m) Q sensitive latent
Computer 25 175 325 4375 8125
Fax 2 62 124
Copy machine 2 750 1500
Printer 3 52 156
Laser printer 2 15 30
Cooking plate 1 250 250 250 250
Lighting heat loss
Surface E(W/m2) Diversity Q sensitive Q
30
factor latent
585,7 60 0,8 28113,6
Internal heat load
Q total (W)
Occupants Sensitive heat Latent heat Q
Q sensitive latent
40 72 148 2880 5920
Total 8800
Total latent loads (W) 14295
Total sensitive loads (W) 92606,80721
Total loads (W) 106901,8072
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Heat
Heat
Heat due supplied
suppy by
to by
transmissi Lighting Internal
ventilatio Solar heat machine
on heat loss heat load
n/infiltrati and
through
on equipmen
the wall
t
Series1 20377.8216222.761233 8565.96 14810 28113.6 8800
Figure 10: Contribution losses in the administration
 Selection of Facility Equipment
After searching for the ideal multi-split system in DAIKIN catalogue, I found that Emura 3
R32 Daikin is the perfect devise to install, dimensioned for 3 pieces of a total: Between 60 m²
and 70 m², with a seasonal energy coefficient A++/A+ (Cold and Hot).
31
Figure 11: Emura 3 R32 DAIKIN

- Heating capacity: 8.6 kW
- Cooling capacity: 6.8 kW
This device from the Daikin brand is equipped with a Swing compressor. In terms of the
dimensions of the Group + 3 internal units:
Emura 3 R32 Daikin, Tri-split 3MXM68N9/253550/FTXJ-AW Sizes 25 + 35 + 50. Assembly

includes the outdoor unit 3MXM68N9 and three indoor units FTXJ25AW, FTXJ35AW and
FTXJ50AW. Power: 1.95 + 2.74 + 3.91 kWattscalo, color White.
Figure 12: Outdoor unit (3mxm68n9)

Outdoor unit (3MXM68N9), dimensions (L x H x W): 868x734x328 mm
The 1/4-3/8 1/4-1/2 refrigeration connections allow the units to be connected to each other.
 The administration’s duct sizing
The section “A” of the administration is able to get new fresh air throughout the windows.
The same cannot be said about the section “B”, since it’s located between the corridor and the
workshop which means there is no access for new air.
In order to introduce new air to this section, we need to install supply air ducts and return air
ducts.
32
Figure 13: The administration's sections
QRO = 1887.33 m3/h ≅ 2000m3/h
 New air duct:
For the grids we will use GAP 32 [annex 16]:
- Air flow: 400m3/h

- Dimension: 600*300 (mm)
Figure 14: New air duct diagram

Table 10: New air duct sizing
Section Air flow Air flow Diameter Length Width
(m3/h) (l/s) (mm) (mm) (mm)
A 2000 555.56 400 550 250
A1 400 111.11 250 250 150
B 1600 444.45 350 450 250
B1 400 111.11 250 250 150
C 1200 333.34 350 350 250
C1 400 111.11 250 250 150
D 800 222.23 300 300 250
D1 400 111.11 250 250 150
E 400 111.11 250 250 150
33
 New air pressure loss:
Table 11: New air pressure loss
Linear Singular
Total load
Duct number Air flow (m3/h) Load load
losses
losses losses
A 2000 0,45 0 0,45
B 1600 _ 0,66 0,66
Main ducts C 1200 _ 0,62 0,62
D 800 _ 0,37 0,37
E 400 0,25 5,49 5,49
A1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
Secondary B1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
ducts C1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
D1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
Total expense losses (Pa) 29.55
 Extraction air duct:
Table 12: Extract air duct sizing

Section Air flow Air flow Diameter Length Width
(m3/h) (l/s) (mm) (mm) (mm)
A 2000 555.56 400 550 250
A1 400 111.11 250 250 150
B 1600 444.45 350 450 250
B1 400 111.11 250 250 150
C 1200 333.34 350 350 250
C1 400 111.11 250 250 150
D 800 222.23 300 300 250
D1 400 111.11 250 250 150
E 400 111.11 250 250 150
 Extraction air pressure loss:
Table 13: Extract air pressure loss
Linear Singular
3 Total load
Duct number Air flow (m /h) Load load
losses
losses losses
34
A 2000 0,45 0 0,45

B 1600 _ 0,66 0,66
Main ducts C 1200 _ 0,62 0,62
D 800 _ 0,37 0,37
E 400 0,25 5,49 5,49
A1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
Secondary B1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
ducts C1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
D1 400 _ 5,49 5,49
4.2.3 The workshop

 The workshop’s heat balance
 The walls:
The surface transmission coefficients of the walls are:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒆
= + +∑
𝑲 𝒉𝒊 𝒉𝒆 𝝀
- K: The coefficient of surface transmission (W/m²C)

- 𝒉𝒊 : The convective exchange coefficient at the interior surface (W/m²°C)
- 𝒉𝒆 : The convective exchange coefficient at the outside surface (W/m²°C)
- 𝒆:Layer thickness n (m)
- 𝝀: The coefficient of the layer n (W/m°C)
35 cm double wall exterior without thermal insulation: K=1.08 W/m²°C
10 cm interior wall: K= 0.86 W /m²°C
 Ceiling:
Thickness :40 cm
Thickness with insulation: 120 mm
Metal frame fabric: K=0.286 W/m²°C
•The doors :
35
Exterior doors:
2 doors E (2.1*2) : K=5.8 W/m²°C
 The glazing:
9 windows E(0.6*2) : K= 2 W/m²°C
- Excel spreadsheet:
Table 14: Workshop's heat balance
External heat loads zone2: The workshop

Heat suppy by transmission through the walls
Walls and
Corrected Q total (W)
ceiling 2
Surface ( m ) surface K ΔT
Q
( m2) Q sensitive
latent
Exterior wall
489,65 444,45 1,08 12 5760,072
E
Interior wall
434,83 410,35 0,86 0 0
N
Interior wall
449,03 428,16 0,86 0 0
O
Interior wall
222 196,4 0,86 0 0
SO
Ceiling 4010 4010 0,286 12 13762,32
Doors
2 Exterior
8,4 8,4 5,8 12 4910,976
walls E
Glazing
9 Exterior
10,8 10,8 2 12 259,2
windows E
24692,56
Total
8
Heat due to ventilation/infiltration
New volume flow Q(W)
Occupants New air density ΔH
rate 3 Q Q
number (kg/m ) (Kj/kgas)
(m3/s) sensitive latent
100 0,008333333 1,141 40 38033,33333
Total 38033,33333
Solar heat
36
Walls and Rm Q Q
Surface ( m2) α F
ceiling (W/m2) sensitive latent
Exterior wall 8856,999
444,45 0,4 0,094 530
E 6
Ceiling 4010 0,7 0,02 570 31999,8
Rv Q Q
Glazing Surface ( m2) α G
(W/m2) sensitive latent
Exterior wall
16,8 1 0,22 435 1607,76
E
Total 42464,5596
Internal heat load
Q total (W)
Occupants
Sensitive heat Latent heat Q Q
number
sensitive latent
1480
100 72 148 7200
0
Total 22000
Lighting heat loss
Overcharging of
sensitive heat due to Diversity Q Q
Surface
lighting factor sensitive latent
(w/m2)
4010 20 0,8 64160
Heat supplied by machine and equipment
Ps
Q Q
Machine types Number (w/m Pl (w/m)
sensitive latent
)
Knitting machine 12 2200 26400
Crochet machine 12 2200 26400
Lace making machine 12 2600 31200
Weaving machine 12 1800 21600
Tufting machine 12 70 840
Quilting machine 12 60 720
Cloth measurment machines 12 350 4200
Cloth cutting machine 12 300 3600
Iron 12 230 270 2760 3240
Total 120960
Total latent loads(W) 18040
Total sensitive loads (W) 294270,4609
Total loads (W) 312310,4609
37
140000
120000
heat loads
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Heat Heat
Heat
suppy supplied
due to Internal Lighting
by Solar by
ventilati heat heat
transmi heat machin
on/infilt load loss
ssion e and
ration
throug… equip…
Series1 24692.57 38033.33 42464.56 22000 64160 120960
Figure 15: Contributions in the workshop
 Rooftop unit and air networks calculation and Sizing

 Choice of the Roof top model
According to the workshop’s heat balance, the total loads are 312.310 kW, and since we are
planning on installing 4 rooftop units then:
Total loads= 312.310 /4 =78.077 kW per unit.
After looking for the suitable equipment, I found that “SPACE PF” from the company CIAT
is the right choice for this project.
The Space PF cooling units and heat pumps are autonomous air-air units with a compact,
horizontal rooftop construction with cooling capacity from 92 kW to 280.8 kW and heating
capacity from 98.9 kW to 293.1 kW.
These units are intended for air conditioning large surface areas in commercial or industrial
settings. They are simple to set up and run consistently. A wide range of choices are available
to fulfill various operational requirements.
The following advantages are associated with this model:
- Low ODP and GWP R410a refrigerant.
- SCROLL compressor (high efficiency compared to other types).
- Silent unit therefore better acoustic comfort.
- Possibility of operation in FREE-COOLING mode.

38
Figure 16: Rooftop unit "Space PF" by CIAT

Table 15: Rooftop unit characteristics
Brand CIAT
Model SPACE PF415
Cooling capacity(kW) 92
Heating capacity(kW) 98.9
Air flow rate (m3/h) 18000
Refrigerant R-410A
Compressor type Scroll/2
Weight(kg) 1.541
 Dimensioning of air networks
For this project’s air system, we are having two suggestions:
- Air ducts
- Air textile sheaths
Air ducts:
 Supply air duct
Ventilation duct or duct, it represents an aeraulic network.
In most cases, the ventilation sheath is frequently made of metal, such as galvanized steel or
aluminum, etc.
It carries air for heating, air conditioning or ventilation, new air or extraction [annex 15].
The air flow rate is 18000 m3/h, therefore the following standards must be followed:
39
- Velocity should not exceed 9 m/s

- The location is a workshop
Table 16: Grid DAU 40
DAU 40 Air flow Dimension Pressure loss Noise

(m3/h) (mm) (Pa) rating(NR)
/range(x(m))
1600 600*600 5 30/2.5
[annex 18]
In order to determine the needed number of grids, we need to apply the following formula:
𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤

𝑁= ⁄𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
N= 18000/1600= 11.25=12 grids
Figure 17: Supply lines circuit diagram

Table 17: Design of the supply lines
Section Air flow Air flow Velocity Abac Theoretical Length Width
diameter diameter (mm) (mm)
(m3/h) (l/s) (m/s) (mm) (mm)
A 18000 5000 7.8 1000 901.8 1000 675
2*A1 1600 444.44 4.34 400 360.8 400 275
B 14800 4111.12 7.47 900 837.1 900 650
2*B1 1600 444.44 4.34 400 360.8 400 275
C 11600 3222.24 7.04 800 763.1 800 600
2*C1 1600 444.44 4.34 400 360.8 400 275
D 8400 2333.36 6.51 700 675.2 700 550
40
2*D1 1600 444.44 4.34 400 360.8 400 275

E 5200 1444.48 5.8 600 563 600 450
2*E1 1600 444.44 4.34 400 360.8 400 275
F 2000 555.6 4.5 400 392.5 400 325
2*F1 1600 444.44 4.34 400 360.8 400 275
Annex 14 contains the complete duct work.
 Pressure losses:
Table 18: Supply line pressure loss
Air flow Velocity Linear Singular Total

Duct Load Load pressure
number (m3/h) (m/s) losses losses loss
A 18000 7.8 0,5 2.35 2.85
B 14800 7.47 _ 2,11 2,11
C 11600 7.04 _ 1,9 1,9
D 8400 6.51 _ 1,57 1,57
Main E 5200 5.8 _ 1,22 1,22
ducts F 2000 4.5 _ 0,7 0,7
A1 1600 4.34 0,31 13,4 13,4
A1 1600 4.34 _ 13,4 13,4
B1 1600 4.34 _ 13,4 13,4
B1 1600 4.34 _ 13,4 13,4
C1 1600 4.34 _ 13,4 13,4
C1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
D1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
D1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
E1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
E1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
Secondary F1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
ducts F1 1600 4,34 _ 13,4 13,4
 Dimensioning the return ducts
The total flow rate is 17400 m3/h.
For the air return opening we will use the diffuser “GAV 51/52” by FRANCE AIR brand.
It is dedicated for industrial applications with high flow supply or extract grids.
For its composition, GAV 51/52 contains frame and blades in extruded aluminum, fixed on
the wall by visible screws and finished with natural anodisation aluminum [annex 19].
41
Table 19: Grid GAV 51/52
GAV 51/52 Air flow Dimension Pressure loss Noise

grid (m3/h) (mm) (Pa) rating(NR)
/range(x(m))
5000 1000*600 14.2 37/14.6-24.4
 Grids number:
𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤

𝑁= ⁄𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
N= 17400/5000 = 3.48≅ 4
Figure 18: Return air line circuit diagram

Table 20: Design of the return air lines
Section Velocity Air flow Air flow Abac Theo Length Width
(m/s) (m3/h) (l/s) diameter Diameter (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm)
A 7.7 17400 4833.33 900 890.2 900 750
2*A1 5.74 5000 1388.88 600 554.7 600 425
B 7.7 17400 4833.33 900 890.2 900 750
2*B1 5.74 5000 1388.88 600 554.7 600 425
 Pressure losses
Table 21: Return line pressure losses
Air flow Velocity Total

Duct Linear load Singular Pressure
number (m3/h) (m/s) losses load losses loss
Main A 17400 7,7 0,47 37.12 37.59
42
ducts B 17400 7,7 ___ 37.12 37.12

A1 5000 5,74 ____ 5,17 5,17
A1 5000 5,74 ___ 5,17 5,17
Secondar B1 5000 5,74 ___ 5,17 5,17
y ducts B1 5000 5,74 ___ 5,17 5,17
 Dimensioning the extraction ducts
- Overpressure rate:
(𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 ′ 𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 × 2 + 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒) × 45

𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
12
- The workshop surface: 4010 m²

- The walls surface: 1616.45 m²
(4010 ×2+1616.45)×45
Overpressure rate =
12
= 36136.68 m3/h
- Extraction rate:
𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓 − 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆
Extraction rate = 36136.68 - 18000= 18136.68 m3/h
 Product selection
For the extraction equipment we will be also using the diffuser “GAV 51/52” by FRANCE
AIR brand.
Table 22: The diffuser "GAV 51/52"
GAV 51/52 Air flow Dimension Pressure loss Noise

grid (m3/h) (mm) (Pa) rating(NR)
/range(x(m))
5000 1000*600 14.2 37/14.6-24.4
43
𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤

𝑁= ⁄𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
N= 18136.68/5000= 3.6=4
Figure 19: Extract air circuit diagram

Table 23: Design of the extract line
Section Velocity Air flow Air flow Abac Theo Length Width
(m/s) (m3/h) (l/s) diameter Diameter (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm)
A 7.8 18136.68 5038 900 904.4 900 750
A1 5.74 5000 1388.88 600 554.7 600 425
B 6.65 13136.68 3649.12 800 800 800 675
B1 5.74 5000 1388.88 600 554.7 600 425
C 6.4 8136.68 2260.24 700 667.1 700 525
C1 5.74 5000 1388.88 600 554.7 600 425
D 5.1 3136.68 871.36 500 465.1 500 375
D1 5.74 5000 1388.88 600 554.7 600 425
 Pressure losses
Table 24: Extract line pressure losses
Air flow Velocity Total

Pressur
Duct Linear Load Singular e
number (m3/h) (m/s) losses load losses loss
Main A 18136,68 7,8 0,5 2,38 2,88
44
ducts B 13136,68 6,65 _ 1,95 1,95

C 8136,68 6,4 _ 1,62 1,62
D 3136,68 5,74 _ 0,92 0,92
A1 5000 5,74 0,35 25,86 26,21
B1 5000 5,74 _ 25,86 25,86
Secondary C1 5000 5,74 _ 25,86 25,86
ducts D1 5000 5,74 _ 25,86 25,86
Total pressure losses (Pa) 111,16
Textile ducts
For a second option, air ducts can be replaced with textile ducts.
In order to do so, we need to calculate pressure, air flow … so we can choose carefully the
system [annex 15].
 Distribution of flow by diffusing duct
Table 25: Distribution of flow by diffusing duct
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4

Textile duct air 18000 13500 9000 4500
flow(m3/h)
Duct size (mm) 1000 850 700 550
Velocity (m/s) 7.8 7.3 6.62 5.6
Table 26: Pressure losses
Dynamic pressure (Pa) 43
Static pressure (Pa) 34.2
Total pressure (Pa) 77.2
45
Figure 20: Dynamic pressure
 Selection of equipment
After looking through “France Air” catalogue, I found that the diffusion sheath TEXTIL’AIR
I is the needed choice [annex 24].
Figure 21: TEXTILE' AIR I duct

This system is easy and fast to install.
It has 3 different forms:
- Circular form
- Semicircular form
- Quarter circle
And it offers 3 types of tissues:
- 100 % polyester +/- 95 gr/m² classified M1.
46
- 100 % polyester +/- 220 gr/m² classified as very large lengths.

- 100 % polyurethane coated glass classified M0.
Its installation height is between 4 and 15 m.
Its running range of air varies from 3m to 10m and its static pressure is between 100Pa and
300 Pa.
4.3 Plumbing Sanitary study
For this part, our study will be around the men and women’s restroom located in the
administration, between the administrative and human resources.
Figure 22: The administration's restroom
This study will include:

- Plumbing networks
- Cold and domestic hot water systems
- Evacuation networks
This restroom contains [annex 25]:
Equipments Number
Sink 5
Toilet 6
4.2.1 Cold water
 cold water supply
47
The piping network of the cold water is divided into sections as demonstrated in the following
diagram:
Figure 23: Cold water piping network

Table 27: Cold water pipe sizing
Base flow coefficient Probable Theoretical Actual

Pipe Devises
Housing powered rate of flow diameter diameter
reference number
(l/s) simultaneity (l/s) (mm) (mm)
A1 F1 3 0,6 0,565685425 0,339411255 14,70324837 13,2/20
A2 F2 2 0,4 0,8 0,32 14,2766122 13,2/20
A3 A1+A2 5 1 0,4 0,4 15,96173769 16,6/25
A4 A1+A2+A3 12 2 0,241209076 0,482418151 17,52919587 21,2/32
A5 F3 6 1,2 0,357770876 0,429325052 16,53648835 16,6/25
C1 A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 28 5,2 0,153960072 0,800592373 22,58166176 24,8/40
We determined the actual diameters thanks to the annex 25.
 Linear pressure loss
Table 28: Pipe's linear pressure loss
Pipe Probable Interior diameter Pressure loss Length Pressure loss

reference flow (l/s) (mm) (mmCE/m) (m) (mCE)
A1 0,339411255 13,2 0,28 4,53 1,2684
A2 0,32 13,2 0,28 2,91 0,8148
A3 0,4 16,6 0,2 1,83 0,366
A4 0,482418151 21,2 0,31 3,73 1,1563
A5 0,42932502 16,6 0,2 7,93 1,586
48
C1 0,800592373 24,8 1,27 20,93 5,1915
In order to determine the pressure loss, I used the Abacus for Cold Water Pipe Sizing.
Figure 24: Abacus for coold water pipe sizing
 Singular pressure loss
Table 29: Cold water pipe's singular pressure
Interior Pressure
Pipe diameter Loss
reference Singularity (mm) (mCE)
elbow 90° DN 1/2" (R/d =1,5) + 2 crossing tee
A1 DN 1/2" 13,2 0,458715596
elbow 90° DN 1/2" (R/d =1,5) + crossing tee
A2 DN 1/2" 13,2 0,344036697
elbow 90° DN 3/4" (R/d =1,5) + crossing tee
A3 DN 3/4" +Enlargement 16,6 0,401376147
A4 Crossing tee DN 1" +Enlargement 21,2 0,229357798
elbow DN 3/4" (R/d =1,5) + 5 Té de passage
A5 DN 3/4" 16,6 0,229357798
C1 elbow DN 1 1/4" (R/d =1,5) + stop valve 24,8 1,732925586
49
Total 3,39576962
[annex 26]
 Total pressure loss:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
TPL= 5,1915 + 3.3957= 8,5872 mCE
4.3.2 Sanitary Hot water

The piping network of the hot water is divided into sections as demonstrated in the following
diagram [annex27]:
Figure 25: Sanitary hot water piping network

Table 30: Sanitary hot water pipe sizing
Base
Pipe coefficient Probable Theoretical Actual
Housing Devices flow
referenc of flow diameter diamete
powered number rate
e simultaneity (l/s) (mm) r (mm)
(l/s)
0,56568542 0,33941125 14,7032483
A1 F1 3 0,6 13,2/20
5 5 7
A2 F2 2 0,4 0,8 0,32 14,2766122 13,2/20
15,9617376
A3 A1+A2 5 1 0,4 0,4 16,6/25
9
0,24120907 0,48241815 17,5291958
A4 A1+A2+A3 12 2 21,2/32
6 1 7
A1+A2+A3+A 0,17457431 0,69829724 21,0896969
C1 22 4 21,2/32
4 2 9 6
50
In order to determine the pressure loss, I used the Abacus for sanitary hot Water Pipe Sizing.
 Linear pressure loss
Table 31: Sanitary hot water pipe's linear pressure loss
Probable Pressure Pressure

Pipe flow Interior Loss Length Loss
reference (l/s) diamter (mm) (mmCE/m) (m) (mCE)
A1 0,339411255 13,2 0,28 4,53 1,2684
A2 0,32 13,2 0,28 2,91 0,8148
A3 0,4 16,6 0,2 1,83 0,366
A4 0,482418151 21,2 0,31 3,73 1,1563
C1 0,800592373 21.2 1,07 13 3,6055
 Singular pressure loss
Table 32: Sanitary hot water pipe's singular pressure loss
Interior
diameter(mm Pressure
Pipe reference singularity ) loss (mCE)
elbow 90° DN 1/2" (R/d =1,5) + 2
A1 crossing tee DN 1/2" 13,2 0,458715596
Elbow 90° DN 1/2" (R/d =1,5) + crossing
A2 tee DN 1/2" 13,2 0,344036697
elbow DN 3/4" (R/d =1,5) + crossing tee
A3 DN 3/4" +enlargement 16,6 0,401376147
A4 enlargement 21,2 0,114678899
C1 Stop valve 21,2 1,427115189
total 2,745922528
[annex 26]
 Total pressure loss:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
TPL= 3,6055 +2,745922528 = 6,351422528 mCE
4.3.3 Wastewater network
51
The outlet diameters at the start of the siphon cannot be less than the diameter that it
evacuates, with regard to the other devices they cannot be less than the following data [annex
28,29]:
Appliances Diameter (mm) Base flow rate (l/s)

sink 32 0.75
WC 100 1.5
The table below summarizes the sizing of the wastewater drainage network for sanitary
appliances [annex 30].
Table 33: wastewater network
Appliances Number Device’s diameter Main Domestic

(mm) diameter water fall
(mm) column
(mm)
Sinks at the women’s 3 D32 D50 75
restroom
Sinks at the men’s 2 D32 D50
restroom
The table below summarizes the sizing of the water valve network for sanitary appliances
Table 34: Sizing Network Water Valve [annex 30]
Appliances Number Device’s Main diameter domestic water

diameter (mm) (mm) fall column (mm)
WC 4 D100 D100 100
Women’s
restroom
WC 2 D100 D100
Men’s restroom
52
Figure 26: Waterwaste network
4.4 Conclusion
In this chapter, we released a HVAC study, which includes heat balance, selection of
equipments for both zones.
We established two suggestions when it comes to the workshop’s air conditioning network.
For each proposal, we released the needed studies to be able to install the air conditioning
system with perfect dimensions and measurements.
And finally we finished with the plumbing sanitary study on men and women’s restroom
which is located at the administration.
53
CONCLUSIONS ET PERSPEECTIVES
In the first chapter, I gave a brief representation for the textile company, its characteristics,
stages of production and organizational charts.
The second chapter was dedicated to report on the steps that I took during my internship.
As for the third chapter, it is divided into two parts:
First part included the definition of various air conditioning systems and their components as
well as their advantages and disadvantages. Plus, it described the refrigeration process.
The second part included the definition of the different formulas that we will be using later
on.
The final chapter would be the part where I have presented the procedures for calculating the
heat balance for both zones in the industry: workshop and administration, and then
representing the needed components and material as well as the plumbing sanitary study .
54
Bibliographic reference
[1] The Complete Production Process in Textile: https://www.businesstextile.fr/processus-

complet-de-production-textile/
[2] The history of ventilation and temperature control: The first century of air
conditioningJanssen, John E. ASHRAE Journal; New York Vol. 41, N° 10, (Oct 1999): 48.
3]Single Split vs Multi Split Air Conditioners:

https://www.sydneyairconservice.com.au/blog/single-vs-multi-split.html
[4] Pros and cons of a multi-split system:
https://www.arlingtonairconditioningheating.com/pros-and-cons-of-multi-split-aircon/
[5] Introduction Hvac Basics:IPI’s Methodology for Implementing Sustainable Energy-Saving

Strategies in Collections Environments (2017)
[6] DTU Rules 60.11: calculation rules for sanitary plumbing and storm water disposal
facilities (October 1988)
55
Annex
Annex 1
Annex 2:
56
Annex 3:
Annex 4:
Annex 5:
57
Appendix 6:
Annex 7:
Annex 8:
58
Annex 9:
Annex 10:
Annex 11:
59
60
61
62
Annex 12:
63
Annex 13:
64
65
Annex 14:
66
Annex 15:
67
Annex 16:
68
Annex 17
69
70
Annex 18:
71
72
73
Annex 19:
74
Annex 20 :
75
Annex 21 :
Annex 22:
Annex 23:
Annex 24 :
76
Annex 25 :
Annex 26 :
77
Annex 27 :
78
Annex 28:
Annex 29 :
Annex 30 :
79
80
81

Study of Air Conditioning of The Administration and The Workshop of A Factory in Kondar

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Study of Air Conditioning of The Administration and The Workshop of A Factory in Kondar

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Tunisian Republic

Heating and air conditioning

Study of air conditioning of the administration and

Mrs. Sana El May Jury president, ISSATso

Mr. Taoufik Brahim Higher Institute of Applied Sciences

Mr. Haythem Ben Ameur HVAC Engineering

Academic Year: 2021/2022

To my sister Lina who never left my side

First, I would like to thank the academic staff of ISSATso.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor Dr.

Summary .............................................................................................................................. iii

General Introduction ...............................................................................................................1

CHAPTER 1: Presentation of the host company .....................................................................2

1.2 HVAC Engineering .......................................................................................................2

1.3 Presentation of the company ..........................................................................................3

1.4 The Textile Industry's Characteristics ............................................................................3

1.5 The stages of production ...............................................................................................4

1.6 organizational charts .....................................................................................................5

1.7 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................5

CHAPTER 2: The internship ..................................................................................................6

2.1 Introduction: .................................................................................................................6

2.2 The activities: ................................................................................................................6

2.3 Internship missions........................................................................................................6

2.4 Conclusion: ...................................................................................................................7

CHAPTER 3: Literature and Theory .......................................................................................8

3.2 Literature ......................................................................................................................8

3.2.1 Multi-Split system ..................................................................................................8

3.2.2 Packaged Rooftop Unit ......................................................................................... 12

3.2.3 Air Handling Unit ................................................................................................. 15

3.3 Air conditioning study ................................................................................................. 17

3.3.1 Thermal balance ................................................................................................... 17

3.3.2 External heat loads ................................................................................................ 17

3.3.3 Internal heat loads ................................................................................................. 19

3.3.4 Total heat loads..................................................................................................... 20

3.3.5 Pressure loss ......................................................................................................... 21

3.3.6 Duct networks calculation ..................................................................................... 22

3.3.7 Textile ducts calculation ....................................................................................... 23

3.4 sanitary plumbing ........................................................................................................ 24

3.4.1 Water distribution design ...................................................................................... 24

3.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 26

Chapter 4: Sizing and results ................................................................................................ 27

4.2 HVAC study ............................................................................................................... 27

4.2.1 Basic conditions .................................................................................................... 27

4.2.2 The administration ................................................................................................ 27

4.2.3 The workshop ....................................................................................................... 35

4.3 Plumbing Sanitary study.............................................................................................. 47

4.2.1 Cold water ............................................................................................................ 47

4.3.2 Sanitary Hot water ................................................................................................ 50

4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 53

CONCLUSIONS ET PERSPEECTIVES .............................................................................. 54

Bibliographic reference ........................................................................................................ 55

Table 33: wastewater network .............................................................................................. 52

This report will be including 4 chapters:

CHAPTER 1: Presentation of the host company

1.2 HVAC Engineering

 Presentation of the company

HVAC Engineering is a specialized design office, created in 2005.

Its main activities are related to:

Figure 1: HVAC engineering oraganizational charts

Table 1: General information

Van de Velde confection

1.3 Presentation of the company

The textile company that we are interested in is located in Kondar, Sousse.