Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911

Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108

Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : Plasma- NaF (F) / 1719453 Report Date : 2023-07-05 16:28

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

Glucose - Fasting 77.42 mg/dL 74 - 100

(Method: Hexokinase)

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This test checks your fasting blood sugar levels. Fasting means after not having anything to eat or drink
(except water) for at least 8 hours before the test. This test is usually done first thing in the morning, before
breakfast.

INTERPRETATION
Normal Less than 100 mg/dl
Prediabetes 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl
Diabetes 126 mg/dl or higher

REFERENCE: AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 1 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

VITAMIN D 14.7 ng/mL Deficiency < 10 Insufficiency 10 -

(Method: CLIA)
30 Sufficiency 30 - 100 Toxicity >
100
Note :

• The assay measures both D2 (Ergocalciferol) and D3 (Cholecalciferol) metabolites of vitamin D.

• 25 (OH)D is influenced by sunlight, latitude, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use and hepatic function.
• Optimal calcium absorption requires vitamin D 25 (OH) levels exceeding 75 nmol/L
• It shows seasonal variation, with values being 40-50% lower in winter than in summer.
• Levels vary with age and are increased in pregnancy.
• The recommended test for evaluation of 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D is by LC-MS/MS

Comments
Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus and mineralization of bones and teeth. Deficiency in
children causes Rickets and in adults leads to Osteomalacia. It can also lead to Hypocalcemia and Tetany.
Vitamin D status is best determined by measurement of 25 hydroxy vitamin D, as it is the major circulating
form and has longer half life ( 2-3 weeks) than 1,25 Dihydroxy vitamin D (5-8 hrs).

Decreased Levels
• Inadequate exposure to sunlight
• Dietary deficiency
• Vitamin D malabsorption
• Severe Hepatocellular disease
• Drugs like Anticonvulsants
• Nephrotic syndrome

Increased levels
Vitamin D intoxication

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 199.3 U/L 225 - 450

(Method: IFCC UV Kinetic)

Marked elevations in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity can be observed in megaloblastic anemia,
untreated pernicious anemia, Hodgkin's disease, abdominal and lung cancers, severe shock, and hypoxia.
Moderate to slight increases in LDH levels are seen in myocardial infarction (MI), pulmonary infarction,
pulmonary embolism, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, infectious mononucleosis, progressive muscular dystrophy ,
liver disease, and renal disease.Increased levels of the LDH are also found in about one third of patients with
tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis. On occasion a raised LDH level may be the only evidence to suggest the
presence of a hidden pulmonary embolus.

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 2 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

Vitamin B12 372 pg/ml 180 -914

(Method: CLIA)

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

A serum vitamin B12 level less than 180 ng/L may cause megaloblastic anemia and peripheral neuropathies.
Vitamin B12 levels less than 150 ng/L is considered evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Follow-up with a test
for antibodies to intrinsic factor (IFBA / Intrinsic Factor Blocking Antibody, Serum) is recommended to identify
this potential cause of vitamin B12 malabsorption. For specimens without antibodies and the patient is
symptomatic, follow-up testing for vitamin B12 tissue deficiency may be indicated. Consider analysis of
methylmalonic acid (MMAS / Methylmalonic Acid [MMA], Quantitative, Serum) and/or homocysteine (HCYSP /
Homocysteine, Total, Plasma) .

Patients with serum vitamin B12 levels between 150 and 400 ng/L are considered borderline and should be
evaluated further by functional tests for vitamin B12 deficiency. Plasma homocysteine measurement (HCYSP /
Homocysteine, Total, Plasma) is a good screening test where a normal level effectively excludes vitamin B12
and folate deficiency in an asymptomatic patient. However, the test is not specific and many situations can
cause an increased level. In contrast, an increased serum MMA level is more specific for cellular-level B12
deficiency and is not increased by folate deficiency.

In patients being evaluated for vitamin B12 deficiency who have intrinsic factor blocking antibodies (IFBA),
false elevations of vitamin B12 may occur due to IFBA interference, potentially obscuring a physiological
deficiency of vitamin B12. If observed vitamin B12 concentrations are discordant with clinical presentation,
measurement of methylmalonic acid (MMA) should be considered.

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 3 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

THYROID PROFILE I
T3 (Tri Iodothyronine ) 1.25 ng/ml Adult: 0.60-1.81 Paediatric:
(Method: CLIA)
2weeks to 4months: 1.2-2.4
1-14years:1.05-2.45 Newborns :
0.73 - 2.88 Pregnancy: 1st
Trimester:1.21-3.08 2nd&3rd
Trimester:1.52-3.62
T4 (Thyroxine ) 8.54 ug/dl Adult : 3.5-12.6 Paediatric :
(Method: CLIA)
2weeks-4months : 7-15 1-14years
: 6.4-13.3 Pregnancy: 1st
Trimester: 7.8-16.2 2nd & 3rd
Trimester:9.1-18.3
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) , 6.18 uIU/ml Adult : 0.35 –5.50 Newborns: 0.70
ULTRASENSITIVE - 15.2 Peadiatric: 2weeks-4
(Method: CLIA)
months :1.7-9.1 <12 months :
1.36 - 8.8 1- 6 years : 0.85 - 6.5
7-12 years : 0.28 – 4.3 Pregnancy:
1st Trimester: 0.1-2.5 2nd&3rd
Trimester:0.2-3.0
Interpretation:-In primary hypothyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels will be elevated and in
primary hyperthyroidism, TSH levels will be low. In Hypothyroidism there is decreased production of thyroid
hormones by the thyroid hence the person may experience symptoms such as weight gain, dry skin,
constipation, cold intolerance, and fatigue. Iodine deficiency and Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common
cause of hypothyroidism If the thyroid releases inappropriately large amounts of T4 and T3, the affected
person may experience symptoms associated with Hyperthyroidism, such as rapid heart rate, weight loss,
nervousness, hand tremors, irritated eyes, and difficulty in sleeping. Graves disease is the most common
cause of hyperthyroidism.Several medications including dopamine and glucocorticoids or excessive use of
dietary supplements containing Biotin may affect TSH results.For diagnostic purpose a test result should
always be assessed in conjunction with the individual’s medical history, clinical examination and other findings.

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 4 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

LIPID PROFILE
Cholesterol - HDL 61 mg/dL Desirable Level : > 60mg/dL
(Method: Direct Measure -Polyethylene Glycol (PEG))
Optimal : 40 – 59 mg/dL
Undesirable : < 40 mg/dL
Cholesterol - LDL 139 mg/dL Optimal <100 Near Optimal/Above
(Method: Quantitative Detergent Solubilization/Enzymatic)
Optimal 100-129 Borderline High
130-159 High 160-189 Very High
190
Cholesterol - Total 240.34 mg/dL Desirable < 200 Borderline High
(Method: Cholesterol Oxidase Esterase Peroxidase)
200 – 239 High = 240
Triglycerides 204.1 mg/dL Normal <150 Borderline High
(Method: GPO-POD)
150-199 High 200-499 Very High
>500
Total Cholesterol / HdL 3.9 RATIO < 4.5
(Method: Calculated)

LDL/ HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO 2.3 RATIO < 3.5

(Method: CALCULATED)

VLDL Cholesterol 40.8 mg/dL < 30.0

(Method: Calculated)

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE :
Maintaining desirable concentrations of lipids lowers atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.
Establishing appropriate treatment strategies and lipid goals require blood lipid values be considered in context
with other risk factors including, age, sex, smoking status, and medical history of hypertension, diabetes, and
cardiovascular disease.

Triglycerides results of 500 mg/dL or above are severely elevated increasing the risk of pancreatitis.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can be increased by the same lifestyle changes that reduce risk for
cardiovascular disease; physical activity, smoking cessation, and eating healthier.

Extremely low HDL values (<20 mg/dL) may indicate liver disease or inherited dyslipidemia.

For non-HDL cholesterol results of 220 mg/dL or above, a possible inherited hyperlipidemia diagnosis should be
considered.

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 5 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

LIVER FUNCTION TEST

Alanine amino Transferase - (ALT / SGPT) 30.27 U/L <45.0
(Method: UV WITH P5P)

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) 28.5 U/L <45.0

(Method: UV WITH P5P)

Bilirubin (Total, Direct & Indirect )

(Method: Diazo method)

Bilirubin Total 0.39 mg/dL <1.1

Bilirubin Conjugated 0.14 mg/dL <0.30
Bilirubin Unconjugated Indirect 0.25 mg/dL 0.2-0.8
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) 28.05 U/l < 38
(Method: IFCC Method, Kinetic)

Total protein (with albumin and

globulin)
(Method: Spectrophotometry)

A/G (Albumin/Globulin) Ratio 2 Ratio 0.8 - 2.0

Albumin - Serum 4.6 g/dL 3.4-5.0
Globulin 2.3 g/dL 2.0-3.5
Protein Total Serum 6.9 g/dL 6.1 - 8.1
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 187.1 U/L Adult: 46-116 0-1 years: 75-383
(Method: PNPP AMP)
2-9 years: 104-315 10-15 years:
42-390 16-18 years: 52-171

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 6 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST WITH ELECTROLYTES

Calcium 9.35 mg/dl 8.10 - 10.4
(Method: OCPC)

Chloride - Serum 102.3 mm0l/L 97-107

(Method: ISE Direct)

Creatinine 0.75 mg/dL 0.40 - 1.35

(Method: Modified Picrate Jaffe Kinetic)

Sodium 141.3 mmol/L 135-155

(Method: ISE Direct)

Urea 25.37 mg/dl 15-45

(Method: GLDH)

Uric acid 5.33 mg/dL 2.6-6.0

(Method: Uricase)

Potassium 4.3 mg/dL 3.5 - 5.5

(Method: ISE Direct)

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 7 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:36

Sample & SID : SERUM / 1719454 Report Date : 2023-07-05 18:56

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

IRON PROFILE
Iron 95.16 ug/dl 50-170
(Method: Ferrene)

Iron Binding Capacity - Total (TIBC) 421.2 ug/dl 250-450

(Method: Ferrene)

Transferrin Saturation 22.6 % 20-50

(Method: Spectrophotometry and Calculation)

Comments
Iron is an essential trace mineral element which forms an important component of hemoglobin,
metallocompounds and Vitamin A. Deficiency of iron, leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia. The toxic
effects of iron are deposition of iron in various organs of the body and hemochromatosis.
Total Iron Binding capacity (TIBC) is a direct measure of the protein Transferrin which transports iron from
the gut to storage sites in the bone marrow. In iron deficiency anemia, serum iron is reduced and TIBC
increases.
Transferrin Saturation occurs in Idiopathic hemochromatosis and Transfusional hemosiderosis where no
unsaturated iron binding capacity is available for iron mobilization. Similar condition is seen in congenital
deficiency of Transferrin.

Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) 326 g/dL 110-370

(Method: Spectrophotometry and Calculation)

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 8 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:25

Sample & SID : WB - EDTA / 1719455 Report Date : 2023-07-05 15:53

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

Glycated Hemoglobin (HBA1c)

(Method: HPLC/ TINAQUANT)

Glycated Hemoglobin HbA1c 5.82 % < 5.7 Non-Diabetic Level 5.7 - 6.5
Pre-Diabetic > 6.5 Diabetic
Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) 120 mg/ dL < 140.0
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

HbA1c level reflects the mean glucose concentration over the previous period (approximately 8-12 weeks,
depending on the individual) and provides a much better indication of long-term glycemic control than blood
and urinary glucose determinations.

Diagnosing diabetes American Diabetes Association (ADA)

-Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >6.5%
Therapeutic goals for glycemic control (ADA)
- Goal of therapy: <7.0% HbA1c
- Action suggested: >8.0% HbA1c

The ADA recommends measurement of HbA1c (typically 3-4 times per year for type 1 and poorly controlled
type 2 diabetic patients, and 2 times per year for well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients) to determine
whether a patient's metabolic control has remained continuously within the target range.

HbA1c results may vary in situations of abnormal red cell turnover, such as pregnancy, recent blood loss or
transfusion, or some anemias. In such cases only blood glucose criteria should be used to diagnose diabetes
(ADA, 2014). Please correlate clinically.

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 9 of 10
Patient Name : MRS SEEMA JAIN Patient ID : 1101911
Age / Sex : 50 Year(s) / Female Collection Centre : AG0108
Ref.Doctor : SELF Sample Coll. Date : 2023-07-05 00:00
Ref.Customer : Registration Date : 2023-07-05 14:25

Sample & SID : WB - EDTA / 1719455 Report Date : 2023-07-05 15:53

HEMATOLOGY

TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGE

Complete Blood Count

Automated 5 Part Analyzer
Total Leukocyte Count 6.72 x1000/µL 4.0 - 11.0
RBC Count 4.61 10^6/µL 3.8 - 4.8
Hemoglobin 13.5 g/dL 12.0 - 16.0
Hematocrit 41.6 % 36 - 46
MCV 90.3 fL 83 - 101
MCH 29.4 pg 26 - 34
MCHC 32.6 g/dL 31.5 - 34.5
RDW-CV 14.6 % 11.6 -14.5
Platelet Count 200 10^3/µL 150 - 450
Differential Counts %
Neutrophils % 64.3 % 40-75
Lymphocytes % 25.5 % 20 - 45
Monocytes % 6.3 % 2-10%
Eosinophils % 2.8 % 1-6%
Basophils % 1.1 % 0-2%
Differential Counts Absolute
Absolute Neutrophil Count 4.33 10^3/µL 2.0-7.0
Absolute Lymphocyte Count 1.71 10^3/µL 1.0-3.0
Absolute Monocyte Count 0.42 10^3/µL 0.2 - 1.0
Absolute Eosinophil Count 0.19 10^3/µl 0.02-0.5
Absolute Basophil Count 0.07 10^3/µL 0-0.1
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 23 mm/h 0 - 19
(Westergren's Method)

Dr Annu Sajeev Dr Jasneet Kaur

MD PATH, DNB PATH, FRCPATH UK MD, Pathology, FRCPATH UK

Page 10 of 10