,.

SOCIB?IY
OF PEY.ROIEUM
‘ENGINEERSOF AR4E
6300North Central Expremway :&mM SPI? (j44’
Dallas,Texas I
THISIS A i?REPR3Nk,
--- SUBJECTTO CORRECTION .
“<

COMPUTERIZED sUCKER ROD pUMPING EVALUATION

By

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1

‘-’P.F. Cochran$MemberAIME}The PureOi~ Co.$CasperjWyo.,L. N. Miller,MetierAIME,

The pure oil co.} Crys:alLake)Ill:;and C* R“ ~reewit)Jr”MemberA~#
The PureOil C!o.;
@lney,Ill.
.....
Publication
—. Ri&te Reserved. ‘

ThispaperLs to be presented at the 38th.

AnnualFallMeetingof *he SocietiJ r? Petroleum
Engineers
of AII@ in New Orleans;b., on Oct..6-9)w631 ma iS considered the Propetiy O. We, Society Or petro-
.Ieum Engineers.Permission to publishis herebyrestricted to an abstractof not more than300words,
withno illus%rationsj uriless
the paperis specifically releasefi to the pre~sby the EdLtQrof the
Journalof Petroleum Technologyor the ExecutiveSecretary.Suchabstractshodd containconspicuous
ackno-wledgmentof whereandby whomthe paperis presented,Publ+catton elsewhereaf%krpublication in
Journalof Petroleum Techn@og~or’Societyof Petroleum Engineers Journalis grantedon request,pro-.
vialingpropercreditis,gtven*hat”publication and the original presentation of the paper.
of’thispaperis invited.Threecopiesof any Mscuesionshould’be
Discussion sentto the Society
of Petroleum
Engineers office. Suchdiscussionmaybe presentedat the abovemeetingand considered
forpublication-inone of the two SPE-magazines
withthe paper.
,.

ABS’IRAOT neededto be done aboutpumpingcosts.Not

Acompute$progrsmhaebeendeveloped 4
whichutilizesreadilyavailable,information
to calculate(1)t& dynamicforcesin a
suckerrod pumpingsystem2(2)the effi-
cikncywithwhichthe tistalled equlpt ‘ Awell bywell studyand analysisof
is operating;and(3) the actuid,costof
operationof the installedequipmentand
thecostof enytieffiaiency withwhiehthe
.equipmsnt
is operating
The print-outcontains”aSl
theinforms.
tionnecessagfor compsrisonofactial
and ideal.
operatingconditions.Rxpsrience
to dataindicatesthat20 to 60 percentof
the costof operatingsuckerrod pumping
systemsis the resultof inefficient
use. :
of pumpingequ.tpnento . -Ptig
INTRODUCTION
The goaloi’any ~oducingoperation is to
recoverthemeximum,oil at themintiim. .
expensecone%stmt i?ith goodoperating prac-”
tice. Duringthe pastseveralyeers$Th
PureOil Compsnyhssbeenincreasing its
concentrationon this philos,opbyc An snely-
sis of operatingcostsalmosti.tivariably
resultedin theconclusion that something
“Refere~esand illustrations at end.ofpa~ry
:,----.. ... . ,. . .
onlywe,mpumpingsystfmeoperetfir.g at low
efficieno%esbut$ in additions&t appeared ‘
thatconsiderablemoneywae,beingspentfor
oversized equipment~
..
pumpingsystemsdidnotappesrfeasible
because(1)dynamometer analysesrequiref~”
moretimethanPuretstechnical staffccu~.
!t$vCt.e
ti the problemsnd (2)manualCSICU-
lation.’methodeare timeaonsumingand not
sufficientlyaccuratito yieldworthwhile
resultse
hingeerly 1962$MidwestResearch .
lkstitute~
undercontractto SuckerRod
the developmentof=’”rporatf:2,5;~~:u-
‘eSear”h’ amthod
lat5ngthed~emic forcesh a5uckerrcd
pumpingsystem..Themethodrequiresonlyinput
datawhichare readilyavailableendsas
Fure~sfieldtestshaveproven,yields
rewte whichcxmqxmeY&WYWeQ.Wth meaSUr-
ed valuesc Tb majorexceptiontothe good
.compsrisonis in calculated
tarque$which
rsngesup to 60 percentabovethemaeured
torque.
BecauseMidwestResearchInstitutes
., ,
----~ -.---—- ---- .
txihulationmthod .ls
293 lendeiteelftO
digitalcomputerusesIWreengimerspro-
grammedthemethodfor use on en H44 ?@ as
the basisfor“awmplete pumpingcostanaly-
S%sa Trialcorrections uesemadefor the
torquecalculationsusingconibinationsof
MidwestResearchandMillssequations until
a reasonablyaucuratitorquecalculati’on
couldbe madeo
Onoea relatively accuratecalculationof’
suckerrod uuming &nsmics was aohieved~
thenextpr~ble~;as-to decidewhatti &
eludein the analysis.The aontit%ons w~ch
were desirable were (1)the inputinforma-
tionrequiredshouldke availableilmmcur-
rent records, thusre@rtig no special
te~tsor measurements(*) the ~Y~is
shouldlx!sufficiently broadta allowcon-
sideration of an tyIMor size pumphg
equipment end (3r the resultsof ths analy-
sis shouldpresentinformation md canpari-
sorkson
volumetricpumpingefficiepcy
suckerrod loadingend sizing
surfaceequipmentloadingend sizing
efficiencyof poweruse
effeqtof corrosion$scalesparaffins
sandand gas
production.rab ticonsiderationOS
bottomhole pressure$fluidlevel$
or productivityindexwherethis ~~
informati~nis available.,
Althoughthesizingof new pumpinginstal-
lationsis consideredtobe an Luportant
problemsthiscapabilitywas not includedin
the desiredanaly%zie
becausethe delayin
getting’theinputdatato the computerand
the’outputbackto the fieldis gerxxally
longenough,to makemarualuse of thenew
calculationsdesirableforone- or two-well
investigations. i Thi#fumtion is calledupon5f the
‘EROGRAMDESIGN
.Thecomputerpzpgranfor the analysisof
s~ckerrod pumpingsystemswas writtenin
Fortranfor Pure~s IEM ’704computersAS
stated..wrli~$the dynamicforceanXlysis
is basedon themethod evelo~dby Midwest
ResearchInstitute ls2$$ underoontiaotto
SuckerRod FumpingResesroh~Incorporated$
of whichPureis a s‘kxkholdsr$ w.itb tlw
modificationsdescribed in thepreoeding
,eection.Severalinnovations havebeen
addedwhichmakethesetechniques moreper-
tinentto fieldoperat’ione. Themasterplsn
for the computerprogramisshown in
F’i@re1. To allmrfor greaterflexibili~
snd easeof progrwmning, signific%mt parts
~.
,. . -.
. . .. . .. . ‘...
of the programwere U &bted as subroutines
into otherpro-
whioh have been incorporated
gramsof ~‘this
typem Thenamesof the sub-
routh~.~haveno particular rneaninf+
but
servetd identifygroupsof similarcalou-
latione.
Ma-e -1
This portionof-theprograminstructs
Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023
the compmterto readthefour pubchedcards
whichare pzeparedforeachp~ptig inst.al-
lation~ A da4ainputsheetfrmnwhichthe.
punchedcardsare preparedis shownin
Figure20 The ‘data inputsheetscontain
all the instructionsnecessaryfora normal
analysis.For specialanalyses,special
5nstruotimcodesmay be usedto obtain
analysesbaeesion Mill-ls
or other calcula-
tion-mthods● ‘ ‘ “
.
Mainline-2’ ,’
., The computeris instructed to checkthe
inputdatafor theinformation whichiS
essential.to the analysis.If ctitioaldata
-aremissing,therun ‘~ terminated witha
print-out whichidentifies themissingdatao
The progr$uncontainsinfonaationon the
cmmnonlyusedassumptions such.as fluid
gravity,net lift,averagecosts,and safety
faot.orswhichit givesto thecomputerif
~suchinformation is leftoutof the input
‘data~
4‘
A codesystemhasbeen devisedto
describeAPI rdd dismetersand insertpump
dismeter$ whichmay ~ used~ thefiPut
datain placeof detaileddescriptions of
rodskndpumps●
Nrset
suc@r rodsand pumpdiameters are given in
the code-
mentionedearlier,Ths codeiS
madeup of threenumbers~the firsttwo of
which.- the diamsters$ in eighthof an
inch,of the largestend smallestr6ds h“
the string.The th&d numberccn?responde
to m API plunger@inters Eor e=Ples
$77’2
is cbdefor a “triple-tapered
string, of
s-1/8s1$ and ?/8inchrtids and a 1-1/4inch
API pump. In orderto use thiscodesthe
relativerod lengthsmust be suchthatWM
unit stressin thetop rod of eachsizeis
thesane~ “ !’ ‘
If the rod sizesan~lengtham not
on the datainputSheetgthe com-
speoified
putercheeks?or the rod-pumpcodee If the
cods= present$ Nrsetis caUed uponto cal-
/
1. . . ... . . ..
..—. .-.. -.. . .. . . ... . . . .. .
--- <1.1.
culatethe correctrelativelengthsof each
sizeredo Thi9calculation is basedupon
theequa’t~nsderivqdin theSuckerRod
Handbook.JTheoalculatedrodlengths
thenare fedbacktitsMa5.nl.ine-2s
where
theyare storedfor use tiMedrod,
Medrod ‘ mum strokelengthsand speede~Jn’addi-
AfterW rod sizesand lengthsare read
fromthe inputdataor cslcylated in Nrset$
thissubroutine is c,aUaduponto calculate
the fundamentalfiequency$air weight$”wd
elasticconstants of therod string.It has
been shownthatthe tl.mkmental frequenoy of
a.taperedrod stringis alwayshigherthan
thatof an untaperedstpingof the same
length.3The magnitudeoftk ohangein
“fundamentalfrequency is.proportionalto the
relativelengthsand diameters .oftherods
in the string,
The elasticcomstantisa functionof
the lengths,
and areasof therodsandtubtig.
If the tubingis anchored,the elastic “
constantis determinedby the rod string
alone,
Themethodsusedto csl.culate the
dynamicforcesin -$he pumpingsystemutilize
the ratiosof pumpingspeedto fbndamnta.1.
frequencyand of Kluidloadto elasticcon-
stantof therod st~g multiplied by the
strokelengthas variables Q The ratioof
speedto frequency is thoughtof as the
fractionof maximum speed at whichtheqnit
is operating.Eecausethe elasiicconstant
multipliedby he strokelengthnsults in
the loadingnecqss~ to stretchthe rods
‘a distance
,equalto the’strokelengtb$we
fluidload-alastic constant-strokelength
r8ti0is thoughtOf as tie fraCtiOAof maXi-
snumfluidloadwhichcan be startedoff
bottom.Obviously, rod stressis not oon-
s%deredin thisconcept.
The’valuescalculated
in thissubroutine
are storedfor use h subroutine
Anal~
Anal
SubroutineAnal.celculatms the @nwnic
forcesin the suckerrod pumpingsystemfor
fourdifferent pumpingunitgeometries- The
geometry uponwhich the analysis is to be
basedis specified in the inputdatasheet. -
The finalresultswhich, are“printed am:
1. peak polishrod load,PRL, lb~
2.MZnimumPolishzmd load$MFRLSlb.
3. Counterweight,CW$ lb.
k, K* cranktorque, TO, in.-lb.
..
.
.’
S. Psakrod strese,FRS,psi
6. Pcn@ng rate,BPDSbbl/da
7. Polishedrod horsepower,
FRHP
By inserting
the appropriate-
codein the
fiputdata,the aboveinformation may also
be obtainedforspecifiedmhimum and maxi-
tionstheprogrammay be codedtd make the
csloulationsusingthe modif%ed
Midwest
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Researchmethod$%ill~sequetimas$ or the
SuckerRod Hmdtook method: ;/’
Subroutine Tablessupplythe necessary
tabularinformationfor the celculations
made in AniLa
Istrese
Thisft&ion computesrod stressand,”
comp=es‘t&Y.:catcu=i%&Y13
tresswith sllm+”! -‘,
ab16stress. T&&“al.lowabla
stressis bas~d
on theratioof peakta minimumrod loads
rod alloy,and degree
Iof corrosiveness
of
well fluids ●
The.psakto ndnimumzmd loadratio
analysis utilizesa mcxlified Goodmendiagram
wtih is a compositb of thoseofferedby
sevarelrod manufac tumrs● Rod alloysare
groupedintafourclasses,eachof whichis
assi~ed a codenumberfor insertion in the
inputdata. The corrosion analysischecks
tlieinputdatafor information cm corrosive
well fluids● The presenceof corrosive
agentsmay & speai.fied in thedata input
sbet as none, mild,or severe. If the
presenceof corrosive agentsis notec$the
allowab2e rod stressis decre~edin”propor-
tion tQ the severityof expectedcorrosion,
~ accomisnce withrecormhendationsfromrod
manufacturers andThe FureOilResearch
Center.
If thiis functicnfindsthe suckerrods
overstreseed, its findin~ are printedon
the‘ptit-outsheet. Severalrecommenda-
tionson actionwhichmay be-takento alle-
v5atetheoverstress condition arebu31t
intoIstress$and theappro~iateonesare
printedalong with the overstressstatement.
costs
‘fhis
subroutinecalc@atespum@ng
efficimcys requiwd brake.horsepoww$
pcwer
efficienoy~totalpowercost,costof excese
~ pumpingscostof operating excesspumping
unitcapacity,00st of operatingexoess
primemovercapacity, end totalguccess
power
cost.
. .
-.
I
 .
i “ C!um <h),

‘ FUmpingEfficiency - In thisanalysis, polishrod horsepower>

pumpingunitloading$
pwnpingefficiency is definedas theratio andrequiredprimemoverhorsepower~
of actual to calculatedpumpingrate, Since
the actualratimay notbe on a ti hm.m per Cbntrarytiexpeckationes polishrod, “
day basisand the c&culatedrabeis always horsepower per unitpumpdis@acemsnt
on a 24 hourepwday baeis$the ratioof decreases as pumpirig
efficiencydecreases;
actualtwcelculatedpumptigratesis Zlquation 3 is em empericalsolution
for the
corrected for Pun@ng times- Tls eqpation correction of calcula%dpolishrod
is: . horsepower,

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‘p=&i%-?+=i
***”””**(l’ 8 isFumpingTime
Rec@redEreke Morsepwerat MSnimum
the ratioof actual.
where EP is pumpingefficiency$percent
BPDAie actuelpumpingrate,bpd
BPDCis calculated
pumpingrate$
bpd
HOURSis actualpumptigtir@s
,h?+ia.
Itis consideredin thisanalysisthat4pump
volumetricefficienciesof 80 percent&re I
normal,and thecalculated pumpingrateis
~mti~percentefficienti before
pumpingeffihiencyiscalmdii+.ed- It is,
therefore,possible
to havepumpingeffi-
cienciesapproaching125 percentwith good
rnechanicel
PP conditions. ~.
.—.
As a partof the pumpix!gefficiencyc~-
culation, minimum pumpingtimeis canputed
by multiplying the ratioof aotualta cal-
culatedpumpingrateby *$ thusproviding
a starttigpointshouldthe swilysisindicate
a needfor programmed pumping,
RequiredBrakeHch?sepower
-Tm-”required
brakeho~sepoweriec~oulate,dbyuseof
equations
2 and 3 below
BHPA=TU/5cO+VoOAHP, . . . . . (2)
X2.5
where13HPA3.srequiredprimemover
horsepower
‘TUis thetorqueratingof the
pwnpkg unitsin-lb
MWis poI$shrodhorsepower
correctedfor pumping
effio%encyahp
FRHPis calculatedpolishedrod
,. horsepbwer~:hp .
THP%e hydrauliohorsepower,hp
.,
Equation2is amodiilcationofthe ewation
of a curvepresented
by Zaba~whichrelates
pumpingtim ~ }
-Becaueeminimum
to c~oulatedpumping
ratesmul.tipl+ed by 24$ thepumpingeffi-
ciencyat minhnumpumpingti+ib by defini-
tion100 peroenii$ no.correction
to theCal-
culatedpolishrod horsepower is required
and
BHFM= jTU/~.c)+l,3111HP)
.”.o.. .(4)
1.2.jj !
wkm?eBHEMis brakehorsepowerat mini-
mum pumpimgtimezhp
FbwerEffid.enoy- In mostcases,when
the pumpingunitoperateslongerthanthe
celd.atedminSmumpumpingtime>poweris
wasted, The eqyationby whichpower effi-
cienoyis oalculatidie
‘m=(~” ”””’”(’)
where‘HP.E
is powerefficiency~percent
EJ!MIN
is m3_nimum
pumpingt~e$ ,
hr/da /
Total%wer Cost - The totalpowercost
for ozwationof the mDing systemis com-
puted”in dollarsP&r &&$ &d-is basedon
unitpowercostssuppliedas partof the
inputdata. If no powercostsare supplied,
averageutit powercostsare suppliedfrom
Ma~ine-2. The tiqgations usedin the power
cost“calculation are 2
CSTFWR= (BHPA)(FWR.A)(DPJK)(HOURS)
(w) (FO)(365/?CQ). . . (6)
whereCSTPWRis costaf powsr$dollsrs/yr
FPWRAis a prim moverefficiency
corzwtlonfaotor
DRfKis pwhping-daysper week3da/wk
PU is powerunits,0.88RW/hpif
power,
is e18ctri~ty$ 35 SOF/
hp-~ if powerie gee,0.15g&/
liphrif poweris m
PE6h4 : ““
FC 5s powercosteti42ents/KWH,
~enka/MCF,or cents/gal
HIM is brakehorsepower ratingof
primemoveras operating
The primemoverefficlenoy correction(FR@A]
is appliedto takeintoaccouhtthe decreased
efficiency sufferedwhen the primemoveris
operatedsuchthatit supplies3sssthenits
ratedhorse~cwer,l?xamples of thiscondition
are engine8,0per’attig
a% speedshigherthen
requiredto ~velop the powerrequiredby
,thelcs.d, or underloadedelectricmotors.
Obviously, one equationof thiehypedoes
not fit the efficiencycurveof all equip-
hent$rather,it is an averageof mmyt
Includedin the totalpcwercostare” -
threelosses$which$by properprogramming
snd csreful~accurateeqpipmentsizingscan
be reducedor elim&ated~ Theselossesare
(1)operattig pumpingsystemlofiger
thenis
requiredto abtatiproductions(2)use of too
largepumptigunit=d (3)use of too large
primemover.
Cat of Excesslimping- Thiscostis
calculatedas if it were the onlycondition
whichcouldbe changed?as iS ofientruce
The costof powerat the caloulatedmhbmna
pumpidgtimeis calculated end subtracted
fromthe costof powerc“alculatid ,@ ewa-
tion6.
CSIWRM,=(BH@ (FEWRM)(DR?K)(PIMR?)
(F@ (PO) (365/700). . .(8)
‘4
FWRM ‘(HmBHm+13@ ● .4..
where CSFWRM$s costof powsr at minimum
pumpingthne,dollars/yr
F-is primemoverefficiency
correction
factor
Then
CEXEWR= OS’NWR.
”CSMRM. . . .
where CEXFdRis costof excesspumping
dollm~~
Costof OversizeUnit- Thereis always
a powerlossthroughthe pumptigunitoFor
.Snygivenpump$ngunitthe~gnitude of the
lossremainsmore or 16SBoonetsntsbut the
ratioof lostpowerb ueefulpowerincreasss
as underloading
of theunit increases
Q The
.,
.
programcontainsall theAPI pumpingtorque
ratings,withwhich @e computercanpares
thecalculatedta~que.When the torque
ratingnextlargerthanthe calculated
tqrqueis located,thecomputercalculates
thebrakehorsepower requiredto operate
the smallerpunp,ing
unitat minimumpUmp-
ing timeusingequation4 with the new
torquerating..Equation4, whichutilizes
polishrod horsep~erinsteadof corrected
Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023
polishrod horsepowersis used becauseit
is assumedthatthe smalbr PumPi.ngunit
wouldbe operatedin themos; efficient 1
manner●
Becausethe cost of op3ratAng
the
smallerunitwillbe proportionate to the
requtie~ the costof oversize
horsepower
unitis ,,
covm - csxm (BHWmBH@ . . . . (Q
BHR4
1 whsreCOVRUNis thecostOX oversize 1
unit,dollars/ye
Sr
BHl?l
is primemoverbrakehorse-
powerat minimumpumpingtime
of largeunit,hp
BHPSis primemoverbrakehorse-
pmer at minimumpumpingtime
of smallerUnit$hp
Costcf Oversize Wires Mover -‘ This loss
occursfor the samereasonas Mmn for
1
pumpingunits. At fullloadii is unavoid-
able,butbecomesmore endmpreimportant
as underloading increases●
.(9)
At fi~ load$theprimsmover efficiency
correction(FFW’RA$
Equation?) hcomes equal
to unity;thereforethecostof opsratiionof~
oversizeprimemovermaybe calculated by
where COVFMis the costof oversise
primemoversdollsrs/yr
● ● (Xo) ‘lh‘minimum,pumpingtimeparercostsnd
efficiencycorrectionsare usedhere$a160$
becauseit is’assure?
d thatproperprograming
wouldoccurif a smallerprim moverwere
installed.
Mainline-3
uponaornpletion
of tkm c@ cal&lations”
in subroutine
Oosts$thissectionof the
programdetermines
whetheror not and.ysesat

the,mintium andmaximumstrokelengthsand
speedshavebeerI requestid*If themiti-
mximum analyseshavebeenrequested, ~he
computerrestartsthe cd.cdlattons at
Mainline-2$” usingspecified minimum-maximum.
ccwlitions
● When all compu%ati~ns are
completed, the resultsof the analysesare
checkedforoverloads or otherabnormal
conditions.All results=e thenprinted,
with appropriate comnentson anyunusual
conditions f ound~ A typical printout sheet
‘is shmm m Fimre 30
TYPICALRESULTS
Table‘1is a compsu?isonof actu$l~d.
calculatedpumpingunitloadsfor a fewof
the.severalhundredsuckerrod pumpingi@al-
lat$onswhichhavebeen analyzedto date● AS
Table2 shows,the peakand m~tmum @ish ‘ allyis economical.
rod loads~counterlxd.anceg
polishrod horse-
power,‘andproductioncalculatior~s
are
reasonablyaccurate.b the caseswhere. the
calculatedproductionis lowerthemactual,
thewsllfiwerefoundti be flowingat least
partof thetime. In the caseewh~rethe
calculatedrn’oduc
tionis considerably hi~er
thanactual,thewellswerepumpingoffor
pounding,
The torquecomparison indicatesthat
considerable workremainsto k donebefore
thisc@.culation is broughtintcthe.scope
of accuracywith@ich theotherdynamic
forcecalculations csn be mades
Recentpapersby Ora@ and Gibbs7describe ‘—
calculationswhichresult&i infonaation from
whichdynamometer cardsmaybe plotted-CArde
plottedfromcalculated dataagreeverywell
with actualdynamometer tracings.I%reis
now developing a programwhichW+ uti~ze
thedataob@i.ned by ‘theShs116~
7 computa-
tionsto make theleadingcalculations nar- ;
msllymadefromdynwnometsr cards● Thiscal-
culation methodshouldovercomethe short-
comingsof themethodnow in use.
Com~ison$ of aotueland calculated
performance for a secondgroupof ti$taXla-
tionsis shown-inTable2. Of major interest
in thistableare thepumpingand power
efficiencies. It can be seenthatthe p-
tigefficiencies range-Q sevdnt~ 23r per-
Jcentin thisgrQup. The powerefficiencies
range,fromsevehto 1.46percent.Beoausethe
progr~“was” designedfor spottingpW@xb’ug
fistallatbne with low operating efficiencies,
theanalyses whichresultin efficiencies
considerably higherthau100 Wrcent havs
~ttle meaqing.
.,
“-- z!. 1,
YI-”: n..
Table2a showsthecalculated
yearly
operatingcostsfor“thssamepumping+
instal-
latipns”described
in”~able20 Notethatthe
excesscost9rangefromfburto 95 percent
of the totalyearlycosts-
The actiontakento remedythe excess
costsin Table2a are shownin Table’
3* The
danges madewerein speedand pumpingth
only” Table3a indica~sthe savingswhioh
Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023
rssultfromthe ohsngesshownin Tab3s3t ;
As a generalX&$ progrsmming of Pumprn
ing timeresultsin highersavingsthan
speedchanges.This” hs the result‘of.
ehor~ opmatingtinesfor snyunderloaded~
inefficient primemoversor pumpingun$ts.
Althoughmajorsavingsare possibleby the
replacement of oversizeequipnent, it gener-
onlyif theoversize
~q~%~~i~~t is requiredelsewhere and the
replacement allowsthspurchaseof smaller
eq~ipmurt thanwouldotherwise be required*
;!Cheresultsof theremedial‘ac t~on~ taken
on t~ basisof pumpinginstallation
analyses by ~re to dateindicatethat ~
savingsof 20 to 40 percentof annualpump- .
ing costscanbe savedby reprogramhg or
otherwiseadjusting sucke~rod pumping
equipment to eliminate excesspumpingtime.
Savtigsof the same-magnitude are Possit’1$.
by the installationof proprly sizedequip-
rlent.
*
CONCLUSIONS
(1)The celculatitin methodsused“inthis
pro~sm are sufficiently accurateforcom-
parativeuse. I@rovemnt in the Wrque cal-
culationis destiabls ●
(2)The use of thiswogram in the
f~eld,by fieldpersonnel, willresultin
savingsof 20 to 60 pzmcentof pumpingcosts.
In addition, inta@bl.ssavingssuchas
lon~r rod and pumplife,fewerstuffingbox
burhouts$ and reducedpumpingunitand prime-
movermsintenawewill. be madepossibleby
theeltiation of pounding end$ry pumping.
(3)IAmitednumber$of tichnical per-
sonnelneednot delay3A@gescale,wellby
well pumpingsystemaml.yses,sti~ce no tsch-
nicaltrainingis requiredfor completion of
the d$ta:input sheetsand intdrp?etation of
the print-out sheets.
,..
 ,!

. .

644 7

ACKNOW’IED3MNT
..—
The author~wish to expresstheir Snyder,Wmen E~~ end BossertSAlfred
J.*
appreciation to themanagement
OS Ths IU.re llhSi@Manu~ fir”SuckerRod ~ping
‘OilCompanyfor theirpermission b present Systems,
11MidwestResearchInstitute,
In&~
thispaper..We alsowishto thankthemany KansasCity$Kans~ ‘(1962).
equi@entmanufacturers who suppiiedinfor-
mationSb fZ’Sttlye Bethlehem
SteelCo.$ Wuoker Rod Handbook$
Bethlehem
SteelCo.,,Reth16hem,Pa.(1958)●
PREFERENCES

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023

Zaba,Joseph,Wlodarn
Oil-wellFunping$”
1. Snyder,WarrenE.s 11A MethodfOr.COm- Petroleum
Publishing-
Co.,Tulsa,Okla*
putingDown-hole For& aridDisplacements (1962)*
in OilWells I%mpedwith SuckerRods,1)
papr No. @51=374 presented at the ApI GraysH,lht ‘&’&&Lcs of Clil-wellP’ump-
Midcontinent11.Lstric
t Keettig$Amarillog ing Unlts~”Paperlb,B51-37-DSpresented~
Texas,March 27-29$ 1963. at theAPI MxkxntinentDistrict
Meetings
Amarillo,Texas$March27-29,2963●

2. Snyder,’ WarrenE*S and Bossert!Al&ad J● z .

IO&slogComputer&mulationof-Sucker (., Gibbs,S●Q.: ‘)Predicting
the Ekhaviorof
Rod EIUUpMg: Sy%ms,’1 PaperSPE 587s SuckerRod kping Systems, ‘tPaperSPE ~8~
presented at the SPERoolcy
MountainJoint presented at theRoc& MountainJoint
Regional14eetti&Iknver, Colorado, RegionalMeeting,I.knver, Colorado,
May.27-28,w639 ,. Kay 2?-28, ].963.
I ,

,
 PRNP PRONK?IION,
- , i
.-.mm}
-, —
H~”~__ Meaem Calo. b “, Q&s mea% * Meae.
—— Calc. Mess.
— *
16.6 17.9 g.g g.; 1$2 204.8 11*5 12*7 l%; 15s 229 257
15.& 1?s ,:;$:; lx 12.0 W4 192 ;;:
*A 16.9 2:q 3:0 188.5 10.8
8.1 22.3 21.8 1176

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023

l&@6 14e8 2*2,, 4.2!
~* 182.lb 25:: 8.o
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3113 “m
22,8‘, 20.o ,7.0 361.2 IS*I3 15.0” 17,9 ;;:$ 217 ,. 203
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17*h 21.1 2&7.15 287,6 lo*2 12..4 25,1 28.7 739 531J
18,7 19.3 5.9 5.0’ 218.0 ;23804 3.2$ 12*1 20,3 19.5 :4. I!55
XV*2 21.5 3.7 3.6 338*9 3&0.8 12.4 30*3 31.5 573
;;:; 21.8 3.& 3,2 296,3 361.9 lL2 12.2 2408 3hs2 607 6b3
391 391. 290.2 388.2 11.11 12.6 30.? h3,6 853 83o
3L0 $.! 0.0 0.0 3.21.8 ti?,h 5.6 9A 15.5 23,k 861 905,
17,0 5.0 2.6 2614pQ 290.6 11s8 12,5 28A ?7.0 503 ;$
12,5 x2:8 ‘ 3.1 3*1 122*O 128●O 7.8 1;.; 8J4 1115
16.9 16e6 9.6 in.9 X85*O 13.3 13:6 ?.4 3b U6
16,2 17.8 9.9 3:$ lh7*2 122.0 13*1 6:6 5.7
124? 12.14 . l.h ‘ 1.9 3.49;5 l13*o 6.0 ~~
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16.9 18.5 2.9 1.1 230.0 9.9 10.3 ,17*9 ‘16.8 # 968 :
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OQMPARIS)N
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 TA2L22a ‘

CALOUWEO 03WtATINfi O02T2

mods,
14rul%
oreroiaa OYersiso
Ullib Ik5mr Total
,.,

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H05%: (a) One -Il. Ram to unload fluid,

‘- (b) XndioaW ● R& o~ratin~ on cMinghmd gas forwhichtherein no
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00MFANISON “ANDCAWJIATEDEWWUBMNOEAF’lWt
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2
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cut plpg mm to 14hrs. ..:, ld & :,, ‘,, *O; 92
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out mpg tlm to 8 hrs. i7 53 7.8 97 99 ,,.
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11 ~% pP12.
- to16bre. * % ‘3 Ill& 90 %
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17 Cut ~pg tti to Xl hre. c \ 19.9 ---
18 Nesched.
1/2l-q6 timespm dsy -3’. 1.7 5f’s-” 66
19 cutplpg* to%2 tu% 6? “i% ‘.’: 32, . . llJJ 95 97
20 Reschsd. 1/2hq 12 time psr~ l-l . 55 “-6 M ● 60 67 .“’
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 TASLi3a
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CQSTSASTERREHSMALACTION

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Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023

,1
2 6 i)’- 1 !@
HO Ckarasa
ha Tabla
NOCp@ga 3iwaIT*I. 2a
&
1 6 0 0 “o o
& 1 25.
. . .
. “ .
. . .

3%
1%
30
Ow uall. Ibm w uoload fliiid.
i Iodioataa wdm wwatlo# en oaW@bud W for ~ieh thm X no aarkk but hw valw of “ ,

(a)
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.

-. -
I 1

Nr~et ‘ MahIine-2 Medrod

A f
~’ i~ I
Tobles
u‘-”- Anal . “
u - Istress
I
I Q2sts

Fig..
t

I - Master
“Ezl
Plan, Sucker Rod Purnpin”g Efficiency
. . .. Program. . . ... ... .. .- --- .:...-..,. .

“T
. . -. .. . .
 WELL PUMPING EFFICIENCY ,Pf?OGRAM PO08
. .
THE PURE OIL COMPANY - PRODUCING DD/1S 10h4 BY ,ACil)2iESS 1

:
AVERAGE WODUCTION
LEASE NAME

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023

n Mill WELL -NUMBER
o i WTR
IWELL No FIELD LEASE “NAME McF ]cf/iIBLl 8EL B8L * HR MIT MO Ioh YR
I 2 ]314]5’16~718]
9]1OIII1121
i3i1411Sl16]171
l81l91~12l]2?nl124125!W1~12S1291lO13l
h2!N134@56b7]Mb3
40 116214434145 Mlsslu
4~lb11681Mlnlsl ls2153!sb1353SIS71UI%968 H $2143 sliL4M’m
mm
lil[lllll 1111111 [11111111111111.1111 111 fllll 11/1 !’1111 “iii 1!11 Ili

—
: * STROKELENGTH-IN lSTROKES PERMIN PuMPING UNIT MOTOR FUELINFORMATIONCORROSION
t q&y EQUIPMENTRAm2iGFACTORS
8 ACT [MIN MAX ]AcTIMiN IMAX * TORQUE~
BEAM - RODS ]PUMPEE SEAM ITORQUE
$ PAESSU2E
lfucJ-H@Josr M-LB M-1$ %
AMUSTSPM ~AOJU$T AOJ2JSThl-IN-lB pOWEa p~l
2 3]4!51617!8 W.119120
YIloplIZI13114115116117 5 3s[27p8
21?2[Z312413 2Y130[31
32p334[3sps]37
3A3!q40 43444930sl3253154WE6.@s4j93po121@!w* 2413417D171
p2

II 11111 II Ill II II I Ill - T - - -m-mmm- Tr-h”lll.

+
j THIS CARD IS FOR COMMENTS .
4 1~1111 11111111111111111111 ! 11111111111 Illlll”ll ll!llll 11111]1 .1111111111
24201 -

C?.imz -

CAS03 -
2i-k4veth3e
siace q for””mmbd MT OnIt. 2irIt4. 1 for-dr-bdmm onit, 2 for Iwrk ZI ‘unit.
32, 33. Eighdkp tktic
3pac4s ●bout 102 sliP. M-1 c-e nOtOrs
●ti-s-eM4 tit~
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motm and mnicntnder C- enumes km
.,
Space
38--m MS -nk for elee+,rkc
MO=. Mrkte 1formzfuel, 2 fewWkOM fbel (SWImwFme).
Sp.s39t021!2 -Fuel con?medpFThp-br- eay15 eobio feetperkwbror0.9 kuhper hp-br.
qcee 37, I& 50, 5S- Comoslc?I - u notmL Leawblink if m problem Wkte1 fornommldes!!ri, Z ?&”*’ “ti aro?imeio
Sipcm 119- 3mFreedfor Fn mmwemmtif ●nileble. LeJwM80k“otherwise.
3pce 52- fksemedf%89eker rod s.13w. ~te 1for 022ue12
‘Ym, 2 far ~“, 3 for W,g, h far V, 5 forW“. Tophceotherlmmmo4mww~
Mcade,
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-
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tize
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Ml to~Hr.Art
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131iooi8. Cmpcter meolia * k9 roiled back
,“

Fig. 2 - Input Data Sheet, Sucker Rod Pumping

‘Efficiency Prograti
 .,, ‘,, ,
I .. .
‘.’ >
,, ——
,, ANALVS~S’”OF iiELL PUHPING” EOUIPNENT AT LITTLE ~06 HELL 13 OILCRK FORMTIOW BVCRT 4- 6-63 “
?: —-.
.,
,r.
PUMP STRilKES ADJUSTED - LNN .
.>:
.. “
—
‘. TABLE OF INPUT INFORMATION ‘ADJUSTWWS lNCLUDEO =
\
‘iD’rJUF!BERS PRODUCTION PER-PUMPING DAY : - SPfCIFIEO PLUNGER dVERA6E PUNP~ PllMPINO PRINT

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings-pdf/63FM/All-63FM/SPE-644-MS/2086460/spe-644-ms.pdf/1 by guest on 12 July 2023

FOPW!M.I.AJ
. ...” GM GOR_. 01L,._.M.7!l... TOIAL . WHPJN6 SCHEWLE DIAMETER FLUID STROKE SPEED -OUT
FIELD LEASE HCF CFB .: BBL 9BL BBL DAYS/~. HRW~Y INCHES SPOGRO INCHES S.PJ. IWDEX
o o’ ● ● . . . .
,, .,--
PUMP DEPTH, NET LIFT “ TUNG L1311G TH IN.FE .S7ANDARD SUCKER ROD LENGTNS 3H FEET .- BIIL,HQLE OIL.G.RAV.
‘,, .
FEET FEET 2-IN 2-1/2 3-IN 1/2 548 3/+ = 7/8 “1-0’ 1-1/8 PRESSURE AP1 m
6297* 629?- ● 6297. .. .. ..?.Y_.. ” 0.
, 0- 4019- 2278- O.* 00 0. 36- 0-845
.$

l;,’ HINIWN AND ?!AXIWN SFTTI NGS TYPE OF C F~

STRDK~lNCHES SPEED -S-P*HO COWOR H~ SAND AIR ROD ROD STRESS ROD PUMP MAW ‘w
MN _JtAX MIN. MAX- *ET SOUR _M~.~.., PRD8 PRDB AL1OY “ALLOY DVERRD LOAD EFFIC itQAD TORQUE.
:’ 44. 74. 5*O 20.0 NONE Nom NONE NONE NONE 3 , 3 0. 1.000 0.800 10150 l*150~ :
--— --—.—— ------ .--— . .. . . ..-— —.-. —.-—
i, ,. API PIMPING UNIT SPECS PONER UNIT AND COST OF PDMER SPECIFICATIONS PUNPING - TUBING REDES16N
TORQUE CUT- MOTOR MOTOR FUEL COST Am
N-NJ-LB W-H N-LB TYPE SLIP ByP SCF/HP-HR CENTS#SCF NUN8ER ROD TAPER DIARETER MRI!
:.

..,’ 320-0 27-0 0- GAS 5. 40.’ 15.000___.9*o12 A*P*I* . ...- :_o. ,.J!!O. .J!n.... 76j
t’ ‘PUMP S7ROKE IS LESS THAN HALF OF THE SEAM STROKE- 00 MT TRUST CALCULATION IN COLUKN 20 A LDlit$ER STROKE-UNii IS NEEDED=
i,’
.-—— . . . . .. —.— —.. —.. —.—.. ——- .. . ..—--- ..-. —... .“. .. . .
,>, TABLE OF CALCULATE VALUES AND RECOHNENDATIONS
,,,
j ,, PRESENT HINI#RNI ?4AKI
Hum OESIGN’.
— ANALYM S SETTING S~IN6 .....M_WS._... ..._._..-.-..._.--_.” _-.....–.. . -
.,.
~,
“i PINIPING UNIT STROK’E - INCHES 64.0 44.0 74.0 _.__2i:1_. . . . . . . . ... . . . — ——-. .— .,. —... . ..
,,., mOKEs PER, MNU7E 16*O 5.0 20.0
,:’
?, ~ HEO RO AO -U LB 9.3 5
,.,, 7.2 10.1 ‘ 4.7 2.2
:<,. HIND POLISHED ROO LOAD -H LBSO
EST CD@~~RME&W7 NEEDED-R LBSO 14.2 13-6 14.o__-._:_!!0. - ...._._ _—..-..-_– ———.——-—— . .
,:[
,’
PEAK CRANK ’TDRQUE -H IN--LBS- 252-2 87-3 91.9 %8.0
PEAK .$7RESS IN SUCXER_R~PSI 36-7 32-1 40.7 ._. 23i7 . .._ .-.._—.. -—.–’ --- -
ACTUAL CU—iiiE-iT-kROOUCTION - BPO 4.3 4.3 4.3
. . 9 -.
CALCV PRODUCTION AT BO.OX EFF -BPO 219-S 9.9 417.3
MIN___ PwPIW.31ME..:H8S PER DAY___ 0.5 IO*4 ---- 0.2 _ .7 ,. ._ . .. .._: _..._______ ”.. —”. . .
VOL. EFFICIENCY* ACT/CALC -PERCENT 54.7 100.0 2B-8
HP. REQUIRED AT ACT’’-PUMPSNG TIME 16-4 _aM._.-_-—*a_... ‘%9=0. .-... -—__’_ —.,.—-- ..—. .“
HP REQUIRED AT HIN PUMPING TIME 21.2 8-5 5B-5
y -P WNT 0.7 100.0 1
TOTAL POWER CO:T AT WELL-SIYEAR ~ 10. 72. 24-
_Cml_OF .EXCESS.PUN~ING -S/YEAR_. 3. —-!h ------- 15. . .-.. —-— .—. —. ... ... .. . .
LOSS FROH OVERSIZE, UNIT -WVEAR ‘“ 0. 32- “ 1.
.,, --MM FRoN WERslzE.lMM!!!&4R 0. 20. _,-.. O* ., .- . .._ .. :..... . . . . . . . __.-_. __.–. ., ‘.
!,. TOTAL OVERCAPACITY COST -WYEAR 4. 52. 16-
STRESSED ~HER THAN Sqlgp. A REDESIGNED ROD STRING NAV BE INDICATED*
●
,’
,,, ,. .’
.: Fig. ‘3”- Compu.ter’ Print-Out Sheet, Analysis of -
:..,,’ .
Sucker Rod Pumping Installation ~~~ ,
.’