Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biochemistry Lab Report 3

Tests for liver function

ALT/AST/Bilirubin

Student name:_____________________________

Student University #: ________________________

Instructor name:_____________________________

Date:_______________________________________

8
 1. What is the most sensitive indicator of acute liver cells damage,
(AST or ALT) and why?
Altis
eg -highAST
indicator than As T levels is a
·

amore sensitive
or other liver diseases
:
sign of hepatitis , circosis mononucleosis
, also
high AST levels can be
be expressed from other tissue
a
sign of heart problems
such as
or Pancreatitis since it can
brain ,
myocardial cells & skeletal muscle cells

2. What is the main action of AST and ALT enzyme?

·

Transaminases or amino transferases like AST& ALT are entymes that

reactionbetween an amino acid and ketoacid Catalyse a transamination
with =o (the NHz group on one Molecule is
group on the other molecules the exchanged
amino acid
becomes all amino acid) becomes a keto acid & the Keto
acid

3. What is the principle of AST test?

>
-

Asportate + englutarate Exeleacetod + Glumate

>
oakacetate + NADH Malicte + NAD+
-

according
>
to these
-

equations :
the rate of NADH ovidation is related to ASTactivity
directly
·

using spectro photometer

·

take we
reading of the absorbance at 340nm calculate the of NADH
conc -

4. In which cases other than liver problems the AST level may decrease &
get an in actival
of th AsT
increase? Activity
it
may be a sign of heart Patterns (eg : MI) parcreatitis progressive muscular dystrophy or

Metostatic Carcinoma

5. In your own words explain the pathway of bilirubin formation and

conjugation?
the metabolism of bilirubin is divided into 3 Steps
: -

>
-

↓ Pretrepatic : -Heme- bilirerdin- bilirubin

> - bilirubin
Heme released from defected RBCs
billirubin
undergoes a series of reactions to form the final product

2 -

Hepatic :- Hepatocellular up take :-bilirubin binds"soluble" albumin to be transported to hepatocytes in

the liver then the
, bord breaks and bilirubin enters the cells by carrier membrane to
the ER transport
·
conjucation :- bilirubin
uncleryotes conjucation to gly curenic acid resulting in conjucated bilirubin
(soluble in bile) 9
3-post hepatic bile secretion from
hepatocytosis bile ducts >
: bile travels
through bile canocili-
> -

stridingallbladr small
bowl
>
-

Come

6. How can the unconjugated bilirubin travel easily in blood stream?

it binds to solable albumin

7. Mention the three types of jaundice and clarify the main

characteristics of each one?
>
-

Prehepatic => RBC hemely sis ↑home destruction ↑ indirect bilirubin

-
-

>
-

hepatic - Imported Cellular up take > defective conjugation abnormal secretion of bilirubin
by
- -

Liver cells -
direct indirect
,

obstruction bile flow conjucated

Impaired excretion due to mechanical
to
Post hepatic
-

>
-
=>

8. Explain briefly, overproduction of bilirubin and not associated with

liver dysfunction?
-

obstruction of biliary tree (Pancreatic carcinomas gallbladderstore

-

hemolytic anemia (intrensic erythrocytosis abnormalities)

-

dyserythropaesis , massive blood transfusion

9. How we treat abnormal bilirubin levels in newborns?

>
-

Phototherapy : -use special light to fascilitate break down of bilirubin

In
-

immunoglobulins

10. Why it is necessary to add an accelerating agent to the serum and

diazo reagent?
-

Adding produces blueazobilirubir from both direct and in direct

occeterating agent
Fractions& reflect Total bilirubin Conc .

the accelerating agent

-
indirect bilirubin can't react with dia zotized with out

10