ENZYME CLASS E.C.

ASSAY REACTION TISSUE CLINICAL SOURCE OF ERROR

CODE SOURCE SIGNIFICANCE

creatine kinase transferase 2.7.3.2 CK Heart, skeletal Myocardial AK reacts with ADP to
(CK) Creatinine + ATP---- muscle, brain infarction, produce ATP available
>creatinine phosphate + tissue. skeletal muscle precipitate in assay reaction
ADP Bladder, disorder causing falsely elevated CK
placenta, levels.
gastrointestinal
tract… Serum hemolysis may be
source of elevated CK
activity.
lactate oxidoreductases 1.1.1.27 Lactate + NAD+----- Heart, liver, Myocardial Erythrocytes contains LDH
dehydrogenase >pyruvate + NADH + H+ skeletal infarction, hepatic concentration 100-150
(LDH) muscle, kidney, disorder, times that found in serum.
erythrocytes, hemolysis,
lung, smooth carcinoma
muscle, brain
Aspartate transferase 2.6.1.1 Aspartate + α-ketoglutarate Cardiac tissue, Myocardial Hemolysis should be
amino- --->oxaloacetate + glutamate liver, skeletal infarction, hepatic avoided because it can
transferase muscle, disorder, skeletal dramatically increase
(AST) Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ Kidney, muscle disorder serum AST concentration.
--> malate + NAD+ pancreas
AST activity is stable in
serum for304 days at
refrigerated temp.
Alanine transferase 2.6.1.2 Alanine + α-ketoglutarate Liver Hepatic disorder Stable for 3-4 days at 4
amino- --->pyruvate + glutamate degree C. unaffected by
transferase hemolysis
(ALT) Pyruvate + NADH + H+
-->lactate + NAD+
Alkaline hydrolase 3.1.3.1 Intestine, liver, Hepatic disorder, Hemolysis cause slight
Phosphatase ALP pH10.2 bone, spleen, bone disorder elevation because ALP is 6
(ALP) p-Nitrophenyl- placenta, times more concentrated in
phosphate-----> kidney, liver erythrocyte than serum
p-Nitrophenol + phosphate
ion ALP assay should be run as
soon as possible after
collection
Acid hydrolase 3.1.3.2 Prostate, bone, Prostatic Serum should be separated
phosphatase ACP pH5 liver, spleen, carcinoma from red cell as soon as
(ACP) p-Nitrophenolphosphate----> kidney blood clotted to prevent
p-Nitrophenol + phosphate leakage of erythrocyte and
ion platelet ACP.

Hemolysis should be
avoided because of
contamination from
erythrocyte ACP
y-Glutamyl- transferase 2.3.2.2 Glutathione + amino Kidney, brain, Hepatic disorder Hemolysis does not
transferase acid-----> prostate, interfere with GGT levels
(GGT) Glutamyl – peptide + pancreas, liver because enzyme is lacking
L-cysteinylglycine in erythrocyte
AMYLASE hydrolase 3.2.1.1 AMS Pancreas(acina Acute pancreatitis Little loss of activity occurs
Maltopentose---- r cells), at room temp. for 1 week or
>maltrotriose + maltose salivary glands at 4 degrees C for 2
months.
α-glucosidase
maltrotriose + maltose---> Morphin and other opiates
5-glucose for pain relief before blood
hexokinase sampling will lead to
5-glucose+ 5 ATP---->5- falsely elevated serum
glucose-6-phosphate + 5 AMS levels.
ADP

5-glucose-6-phosphate + 5
 NAD +
G-6-PD
--->5,6-
phosphogluconolactone + 5
NADH

LIPASE hydrolase 3.1.1.3 LPS Pancreas, Acute pancreatitis Hemolysis should be

pH 8.6-9.0 Stomach, small avoided because
Triglyceride + 2H2O------> intestine hemoglobin inhibits
2-monoglyceride + 2 fatty activity of serum LPS
acid causing falsely low values
Glucose-6- oxidoreductases 1.1.1.49 Glucose 6 phosphate + Adrenal cortex, Drug-induced ----------
phosphate NADPH+ spleen, thymus, hemolytic anemia
Dehydrogenas ----> 6- phosphogluconate + lymph nodes,
e NADPH + H+ lactating
(G-6-PDH) mammary
gland