BAÑAGADO, NOREEN B.

BS – Medical Technology 3

ENZYME ORGAN SOURCE/ ORIGIN CLASSIFICATION NOMENCLATURE METHODS FOR DETECTION

Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, brain

Creatine Kinase
Lactate Dehydrogenase
tissue, smooth muscle
Isoenzymes:
CK-BB (CK-1) = most anodal, brain,
bladder, lung, prostate, uterus, colon,
stomach, thyroid
CK-MB (CK-2) = myocardium
(20%)
CK-MM (CK-3)= least anodal,
skeletal and smooth muscles (Major,
94-100%)
Heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney,
Oxidoreductase
erythrocytes
- Electrophoresis (reference
method)
- Tanzer-Gilbarg – forward/direct,
coupled with pyruvate kinase –
E.C. 2.7.3.2
Transferase LDH – NADH system
- Oliver-Rosalki/Rosalki & Hess
(most commonly used method) –
reverse/indirect, faster reaction
and has an optimal pH of 6.8
- Wacker method (forward/direct) =
pH 8.8, 340 nm, most commonly
used
- Wrobleuski LaDue
E.C. 1.1.1.27
(reverse/indirect) = pH 7.2, 2x
faster
- Wrobleuski Cabaud
- Berger Broida

Cardiac tissue, liver, skeletal muscle

Aspartate Aminotransferase Transferase E.C. 2.6.1.1 - Karmen method = Kinetic
(kidney, pancreas, erythrocytes)

- Coupled enzyme
LDH – indicator enzyme
Alanine Aminotransferase Liver (liver-specific enzyme) Transferase E.C. 2.6.1.2
- Reitman & Frankel method
 BAÑAGADO, NOREEN B.
BS – Medical Technology 3
Alkaline Phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase
γ-Glutamyltransferase
Liver, bone, placenta, spleen,
Hydrolase (esterase) E.C. 3.1.3.1
intestine
Prostate, bone, liver, spleen, kidney,
Hydrolase (esterase) E.C. 3.1.3.2
erythrocytes, & platelets
Canaliculi (hepatic cells) Transferase E.C. 2.3.2.2
- Electrophoresis
Liver, bone ALP – most anodal
Intestinal ALP – least anodal
- Heat fractionation/Stability test
- Chemical Inhibition Test
- Bowers & McComb Test
- Thymolphthalein monophosphate
= specific substrate, substrate of
choice (endpoint)
- Alpha-naphthyl phosphate =
preferred for continuous
monitoring methods
- Gutman and Gutman = PP
- Shinowara = PNPP
- Babsonm Read and Phillips =
ANP (continuous monitoring)
- Roy and Hillman =
Thymolphthalein monophosphate
(endpoint)
- Substrate: gamma-glutamyl-p-
nitroanilide
- Szass Modification
- Rosalki & Tarrow
- Orlowski
 BAÑAGADO, NOREEN B.
BS – Medical Technology 3

- Saccharogenic
Reducing sugars produced
Acinar cells of the pancreas and Classic reference method
salivary glands – major tissue
- Amyloclastic
sources
Amylase Hydrolase (glycosidase) E.C. 3.2.1.1 Degradation of starch
- Chromogenic
Skeletal muscle, small intestine,
Increase in color intensity
fallopian tube – lesser concentrations
- Coupled enzyme
Continuous-monitoring technique

- Cherry-crandall (reference
method)
Pancreas, (also in stomach, small
Lipase Hydrolase (esterase) E.C. 3.1.1.3 - Tietz and Fiereck
intestine)
- Peroxidase coupling (commonly
used method)

- Fluorescent spot test

Adrenal cortex, spleen, thymus,
used for in vitro diagnosis
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase lymph nodes, lactating mammary Oxidoreductase E.C. 1.1.1.49
of G6PD deficiency using whole
glands, erythrocytes
blood or dried blood spots

REFERENCE:

Bishop, M., Fody, E., & Schoeff, l. (2010). Chapter 12: Enzymes. Clinical Chemistry: Techniques, principles, Correlations. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins