REVIEWER FOR MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Review the similarities and differences and provide examples of Media

Literacy, Information Literacy, and Technology/Digital Literacy.

MEDIA LITERACY- The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in
a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the
competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media
and new technologies.

Both media literacy and information literacy involve critical evaluation of sources.
Discuss how individuals need to assess the reliability of news articles, whether
they're reading a print newspaper or an online news website.
Explain how both forms require a critical eye to determine accuracy and
credibility.

Media literacy focuses on analyzing the persuasive techniques used in media, such
as advertising and propaganda.
Describe a print or digital advertisement and explain how it uses visual elements
and emotional appeals to influence consumers.

INFORMATION LITERACY- The ability to recognize when information is

needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its
various formats.

Information literacy and technology literacy both require effective searching and
retrieval of information.
Describe how a student or professional would conduct research using online
databases and search engines to find academic articles, demonstrating the
importance of effective search strategies.

Information literacy is more about understanding information's context and

relevance.
Discuss the process of evaluating the credibility and relevance of multiple sources
when researching a specific topic, highlighting the importance of critical thinking
and source comparison.
TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL) LITERACY- The ability of an individual, either
working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively
use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage,
integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.

Technology literacy and media literacy can overlap when dealing with digital
media technologies.
Discuss how individuals need to understand not only how to use social media
platforms but also the implications of their actions on these platforms, considering
both technology and media literacy aspects.

Technology literacy involves understanding the inner workings and practical

application of various technologies.
Explain the difference between someone who knows how to use a smartphone for
basic tasks and someone who can troubleshoot and customize the device,
highlighting the depth of technology literacy.

Review the 3 THREE TYPES OF MEDIA

Media can be classified into three main categories:
*Broadcast Media
*Print Media
*Digital or New Media.

1. PRINT MEDIA

This is a type of media that consists of paper and ink. It is reproduced through a
traditional mechanical printing process. This represents the oldest and most
widespread type of mass media because it does not require an elaborate technical
infrastructure on the part of the user as opposed to electronic media.
The primary purpose of print media is to provide information, news, entertainment,
and advertisements to a wide audience. It serves as a tangible and durable medium
for conveying content. Print media offers in-depth and well-researched content,
making it suitable for in-depth news reporting, long-form articles, and detailed
analysis. It allows for visual storytelling through images and graphics. Print media
can be easily archived and is often used for reference purposes.

TYPES OF PRINT MEDIA

Newspapers, Magazines, Books, Banners, Billboards, Brochures, Flyers, etc.

2. BROADCAST MEDIA

The type of media that technically includes the internet as well as the Bluetooth
marketing and other forms of location-based transmissions. This media reaches its
target audiences using airwaves as the transmission Medium.
The primary purpose of broadcast media is to inform, entertain, and educate the
public. It provides real-time news updates, live events, and a platform for various
forms of entertainment. Broadcast media is immediate and engaging. It reaches a
broad audience quickly and is suitable for live events, breaking news, and visual
storytelling. It relies heavily on audio and video content to convey messages and
can be interactive through call-ins or social media integration.

TYPES OF BROADCAST MEDIA

Television, Radio, & Movies

3. DIGITAL/ NEW MEDIA

•This type of media uses digital technology.

•The contents of this media are organized and distributed on digital platforms.
•Digital refers to something using digits, particularly binary digits.
The primary purpose of digital media is to deliver information, entertainment, and
interactivity through online channels. It allows for two-way communication,
enabling users to interact with content and creators. Digital media is highly
interactive, dynamic, and accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. It
offers a wide range of content formats, including text, images, videos, and
interactive elements. Digital media allows for personalization, user-generated
content, and real-time updates, making it a versatile platform for information
dissemination and engagement.
TYPES OF DIGITAL/NEW MEDIA
Social networks or websites, Online forums, Podcasts, Vodcasts, etc.
Indigenous Media - It is defined as forms of media expression circulated by
indigenous peoples.
Popular Media - It cannot reach some rural areas.
Direct Observation - Is a collection of information using senses.
Primary Sources - These sources are first described or happened without any
interpretation or commentary.
Secondary Sources - They are works that provide an interpretation or evaluation
of primary resources.
Tertiary Sources - These are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or
digest other sources.
Library Sources - It is where reference materials are kept for use but not for sale.
Reliability - Information is reliable if it can be verified and evaluated.
Internet Sources - It is a global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities.
Accuracy - It refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data.
Value - Information is valuable if it aids the user in making or improving
decisions.
Authority - Sources with an established expert on the subject matter.
Timeliness - A piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and
valuable during the time it was produced.
Human Sources - The one that contributes information to a piece of reportage,
whether or not it is ultimately published or aired in any venue.

Review DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

It refers to the record or trail left by the things you do online and places you go
online. This is the data that is left behind when users have been online. Digital
footprints are also known as cyber-shadow or digital shadow. There are two types
of digital footprints, passive and active. A passive footprint is made when
information is collected from the user without the person knowing this is
happening.
An active digital footprint is where the user has deliberately shared information
about themselves either by using social media sites or by using websites.

Manage your Digital Footprint! Here’s how.

*Review your online presence -Google yourself
*Manage privacy and security settings
*Review tags on social media accounts. Remove automatic tagging.
*Manage cookies.
*Delete old accounts
*Avoid using public Wi-Fi and publicly available USB ports.
Cite a practical situation/scenario wherein someone is having a form of online threats and
dangers. Imagine you are in that situation. What are you going to do?

COMMON ONLINE THREATS AND DANGERS:

A. INTERNET AND COMPUTER ADDICTION

Manifestations of Internet and Computer Addiction:

1.INFORMATION OVERLOAD. Too much online surfing leads to decreased

productivity, reduced comprehension, and fewer interactions with family members.
COMPULSIONS. Excessive time spent in online activities such as gaming, trading of
stocks, gambling and even auctions often lead to overspending and problems at work.
2.CYBERSEX ADDICTION. Too much surfing of porn sites often affects real-life
relationships.
3.CYBER-RELATIONSHIP ADDICTION. Excessive use of social networking sites to
create relationships rather than spending time with family or friends may destroy real-life
relationships.

B. CYBERBULLYING/ ELECTRONIC AGGRESSION

*The use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages
of an intimidating or threatening nature
*From the IRR of R.A. 10627– when the following were used to (1) embarrass, strip
the dignity, sow fear and incite the netizen to violence against another person and when
(2) the act was repeated regularly through a.) Texting; b.) Email; c.) Instant messaging;
d.) Chatting; e.) Internet; f.) Social media; g.) Online game

C. ONLINE IDENTITY THEFT

*Stealing another person’s identity and pretending to be the account owner.

D. PHISHING
A cybercrime, and a type of social engineering attack using deceptive e-mails to steal
personal information, including login credentials, credit card numbers, etc.