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THE LISTENERS
-Walter de la Mare
Reference to context
1.For he suddenly smote on the door, even
Louder, and lifted his head:
‘Tell them I came and no one answered,
That I kept my word.’
Silence search softly backward
‘Is there anybody there?’
He suddenly smooth on the door even louder.
a) Who do you think ‘them' refers to in line 1?
b) What was the word that he has kept?
c) Is there a suggestion of impatience on the part of the traveller? What gives you this
impression?
d) The poem is set in the medieval times. Pick out a word and a description that tells us so.
Answers:
a) Here ‘them’ refers to the inmates of the house.
b) The promise which the traveller has made to one of the inmates that he would come one
day was the word the traveller has kept.
c) Yes, there is a suggestion of impatience in the part of the traveller.
The gestures of the traveller who was knocking on the door over and over again, and
continuously asking aloud if there was anyone inside, gives us the impression of traveller’s
impatience.
d) The poet uses many archaic words such as ‘spake' which ensure us that the poem is set in a
medieval time. Besides the use of archaic terms, the supernatural elements of the poem and
the traveller himself who must have been returning home from a lone quest at night clearly
shows that this poem is set in the medieval time.
d) A Thane is someone whose rank is equivalent to the lord, capable of sharing land from the
king’s share. Here Thane refers to Macbeth.
2. She would not have done so but she knew that her husband was ambitious man but kind to
murder.
3.He was struck numb with fear, however, when he learnt that the English army was advancing on
Dunsinane shielded with boughs cut from Birnam Wood.
a) Why was he struck dumb by fear?
b) What is the association of his fear with the soldiers marching with boughs cut from Birnam
Wood?
c) Explain the phrase ‘struck numb with fear’. Use it in a meaning sentence of your own.
Answers:
a) Macbeth was struck dumb by fear because the witches had prophesied that he would be
safe until Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane Castle and he thought it was not possible for
trees to move by themselves. But now, the English army was advancing on Dunsinane
shielded with boughs cut from Birnam Wood.
b) He thought that Birnam Wood would never reach the Dunsinane castle and thus he could
not be killed, according to the prophecies of the witches. But when he learnt that the
soldiers were marching with boughs cut from Birnam Wood, he knew the Birnam was
coming to the castle and he could be killed.
c) The phrase ‘struck dumb with fear’ means getting such terrified that someone is unable to
speak. In ‘Macbeth’, General Macbeth was struck dumb with fear after he learnt that the
English soldiers were marching with boughs cut to fight against him.
2.What did the women tell Banquo? How did he react? What was his advice o Macbeth?
Answer: The women told Banquo that he would never reign but his sons would be the kings in
Scotland.
He didn’t allow the words of the women to get into his head and be obsessed with them. He
was careful about the witches’ prophecy.
He advised Macbeth that though the words of the witches might raise a hope in him, but
often these supernatural creatures deceive people and lead them to do wrong.
6.Macbeth visited the witches a second time of the death of Duncan. What did they tell him? How did
he feel after he heard their prophecies?
Answer: When Macbeth visited the witches for the second time after the death of King Duncan, the
witches presented him with further prophecies. They told him that he must beware of Macduff, a
Scottish nobleman who opposed Macbeth’s accession. They also told that he was incapable of being
harmed by any man born of woman, and he would be safe until Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane
Castle.
After hearing a prophecies, Macbeth felt relieved. He felt secure because he knew that all men
are born of women and that forests cannot move.
Appreciation
2.Hopkins has used a number of foreign words and references in the poem.
Find out what they refer to: dauphin, chevalier
Answer: ‘Dauphin' is a French word which means Crown Prince, or the one who is next in line to be
the king. ‘Chevalier’ is also a French word for ‘Knight’.
3.The poem is about a bird, but it is also open to strong religious interpretations. Discuss the significance
of some of the words/ phrases from this viewpoint: kingdom, dauphin, gash, fall
Answer : The windhover is one of the best known sonnets written by G. M. Hopkins. The poet was
inspired by the sight of a small falcon as the bird hovered in the air looking for it’s prey on the land.
More significantly, the poem is not only about a bird but it is also interpreted in religious point of
view. The poet uses the terms kingdom and dauphin to describe the authority of the bird during the
flight. It has the ability to fly with the great firmness of a horse rider. The poet also uses the word ‘fall'
to describe the fall of humanity from the grace of God and the sacrifice Christ gave by bearing pain to
save humanity. The bird is symbolized as the Christ Jesus. Every nature’s beauty, the poet attributes
to the pain and sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
1.They’re all gone now, and there isn't anything more that sea can do to me… I’ll have no call now to be
up crying and crying when the wind breaks from the South, and you can hear the surf is in the East, and
the surf is in the West, making a great stir with the two noises, and they hitting one on the other. I’ll have
no call now to be going down and getting holy water in a dark night after Samhain , and I won’t care
what way the sea is when the other women will be keening.
a) Who is this speaker?
b) ‘They are all gone now’. Whom does ‘they’ refer to here?
c) ‘I’ll have no call… and I won’t care’… What is the emotion expressed in these lines?
d) What is keening? Why would the other women be keening? Why won’t the speaker keen anymore?
Answers:
a) Maurya is the speaker.
b) ‘They’ refers to the sons and other male members of the family who were taken away by
the sea.
c) These lines expressed the emotions of Maurya who is heartbroken after all her loved ones
are dead. She used to pray for her family for their safety as they went for sailing. But now
she do not care about the condition of the sea anymore because she has nothing left to be
taken away by the sea.
d) Keening is an intense mournful wailing after the death.
The other women would be keening because this isolated island may also take away men
from their family.
The speaker will not be keening because all of her male members are dead and she is left
with nothing to be mourned. She accepts the fate and believes in God’s plan.
2.Why wouldn’t you give him your blessing and he looking around in the door?
Isn’t it sorrow enough is on everyone in this.
house without your sending him out with an
unlucky word behind him, and a hard word in his ear?
a) Who is the speaker? Who does ‘you' refer to?
b) Why did ‘you’ send him out with an unlucky word?
c) What is the relationship between the speaker, ‘you’ and ‘him’?
d) Explain ‘hard word’ in this context. What was the hard word spoken?
Answers:
a) Cathleen is the speaker. ‘You’ refers to Maurya.
b) Maurya sent her son Bartley to Galway Fair with an unlucky word because he was not
listening to her who was trying to stop him from sailing out of fear of death.
c) The relationship between the ‘speaker', ‘you' and ‘him’ is ‘daughter-mother-son'.
Here ‘speaker' refers to Cathleen, ‘you' refers Maurya and ‘him’ refers to Bartley.
d) In this context, hard word is a terrifying word spoken by Maurya to Bartley to stop
him from going to the sea. The hard word spoken was that he would be drowned like
the rest of his family.
3.Michael has a clean burial in the far North, by the grace of the almighty God. Bartley will have a
fine coffin out of the whiteboards, and a deep grave surely. What more can we want than that? no
man at all can be leaving forever, and we must be satisfied.
a) What is the tone of the speaker in the above lines?
b) Explain the significance of the line ‘What more can we want than that?’
c) According to the speaker, with what should they be satisfied?
Answers:
a) The tone of the speaker is of remorse, of accepting the fate and of God’s plan. It is also
about being satisfied with the life one live.
b) After all her loved ones died, Maurya accepted the tragedies of her family. She said that
Michael had a clean burial by the grace of the Almighty God, and Bartley would have a fine
coffin and a deep grave. She was happy and contended that there was nothing more than
that or nothing she wanted more. The only hope she left was of the afterlife.
c) According to the speaker, they should be satisfied with the way life treats them. Maurya
realized lately when all her sons were taken away by the sea despite her unceasing prayers.
Fate taught her that no one can live forever. So she accepted that her last son is dead. She is
happy that her loved ones will be heaven in perfect bliss. Everything depends on the
destiny. Maurya’s satisfaction is not with death but is in God.