Programming Q1 Weeks1to4

8
Technical Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Modules
Quarter 1 – Weeks 1 - 4
8
Technical Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 1 Module:
Personal Entrepreneurial
Competencies (PECs)
TVE 8 - PROGRAMMING
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Week 1 Module: Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
Second Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb, DEM, CESE
Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jean T. Tumaneng
Editor: Arlene A. Purisima
Reviewer: Celedonia T. Teneza EdD
Layout Artists: Jean T. Tumaneng

Rosiel Eva M. Lazaro
Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval Education Program

Supervisor, LRMS
Celedonia T. Teneza EdD
Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM
2nd Edition Revalidation 2021:

Content Validator: Mayumi P. Realosa EdD
Language Validator: Maylen M. Patanao
Layout Validator: Jean T. Tumaneng
Reviewers: Nida S. Garduque

TVE Department Head III – BNAHS
Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen PhD

Principal IV – BNAHS
Samuel L. Sia EdD

Public Schools District Supervisor

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City
Through the Support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)
Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City
Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
Hello, Grade 8 Learners! This module is designed to help you fully understand
the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) and some basic entrepreneurial
terms. Feel free to explore each part and accomplish each activity at your own pace.
This module is here to guide you through this lesson. In case you were not
able to follow and understand some instances, you can always go back to that part.
Are you ready? Let us start.
This module is composed of one (1) lesson only:

• Lesson 1 – Identifying and Assessing a Practitioner’s PECs
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define entrepreneurship and Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
2. Identify the practitioner’s PECs: characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills, and
traits
3. Evaluate a practitioner’s PECs using the given Self-Assessment tool
4. Illustrate how to strengthen one’s entrepreneurial competencies to align them
with a practitioner’s PECs
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What business term is referred to as an activity of setting up a business or
businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit?
A. Competition C. Inflation
B. Entrepreneurship D. Supply and Demand
2. Which of the following term refers to the key characteristic that an entrepreneur
should have to be successful?
A. Personal Business - mindedness
B. Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
C. Personal Needs and Wants Analysis
D. Personal Strength and Abilities
3. The success of your business depends on how much time and effort you will
spend on it. What characteristic of an entrepreneur is being described here?
A. Committed B. Hardworking C. Persistent D. Self – confident
4. Which among the following characteristics is described as having trust in one’s

abilities, qualities, and judgment?
A. Committed B. Hardworking C. Persistent D. Self – confident
5. What characteristic refers to a person who works hard to achieve good results
in the tasks that he has been given?
A. Committed B. Goal – Oriented C. Risk – taker D. Self – confident
6. One of the unusual events that may happen in the business is the challenge on
demand and production. As an entrepreneur, what characteristic should be your
strength?
A. Builds on strengths C. Copes with uncertainty
B. Copes with failure D. Demonstrates initiative
1
7. Assuming the following are possible, which activity will be most appropriate to
solve business loss or bankruptcy?
A. Be employed to another company and make your salary your additional
business income.
B. Lend money from a friend to pay the wage of the laborers.
C. Loan enough from a bank and think of other better ways to generate income.
D. Sell some business machines and equipment to accommodate production
needs.
8. Jun-Jun is reliable if he _______________?

A. Works hard to achieve his goal.
B. Can be trusted and has a strong moral principle.
C. Is concerned with or focused on financial gain.
D. Can bounce back from failure.
9. Which of the following ways will more likely strengthen your weaknesses?
A. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work
environment.
B. Exercise being too passive and being too aggressive.
C. Never display assertiveness style in your workplace.
D. Prioritize your personal gain rather than the business goal.
10. Mr. Henry See opens his own retail business. He is aware that his
characteristics as a neophyte entrepreneur are insufficient to ensure
business success. What characteristic should he display if he tends to work
with energy and commitment?
A. Committed B. Hardworking C. Patient D. Versatile
11. Which of the following characteristics must help Mr. See solve the problem?
A. Being passive B. Dependent C. Arrogant D. Persistent
12. If he wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic

should he be consistent in?
A. Committed B. Futuristic C. Profit – oriented D. Opportunity seeker
13. He is receptive to comments and suggestions because he wants to be updated

with how his business is going. He is ________.
A. Persistent C. Responsive to feedback
B. Reliable and has integrity D. Self – confident
14. The goal for most successful businessmen is to build a stable business with
sustainable income for themselves based on their own ability. How should an
entrepreneur be like in this situation?
A. An entrepreneur must be future - oriented.
B. An entrepreneur must be goal - oriented.
C. An entrepreneur should always take risks.
D. An entrepreneur should set his own standards.
15. Which of the following sayings best describes "Coping with Failures?"
A. “Time is gold”
B. “Learn from your mistakes”
C. “Honesty is the best policy”
D. “Cleanliness is next to godliness”
2
Lesson Identifying and Assessing Personal
1 Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
What’s In
Write the name of the owner of the following companies below each logo.
The choices are in the box.
Larry Ellison * Mark Zuckerberg * Jeff Bezos *

Bill Gates * William Redington Hewlett * Larry Page
1.______________ 2.______________ 3.______________
4.______________ 5._______________ 6.______________

___
What’s New
Activity 1. Matching Pairs

Below are 20 boxes. The first 10 contains traits, while the second 10 contains
their respective short descriptions. Copy the boxes on a separate sheet of paper. Using
a coloring pen, apply same color on the two boxes that match each other.
HARD - SELF - PROFIT - GOAL -

WORKING CONFIDENT PERSISTENT
ORIENTED ORIENTED
RESPONSIVE COPES RELIABLE RISK -

TO WITH COMMITTED AND HAS TAKER
FEEDBACK FAILURE INTEGRITY
Feeling of Tending to Continuing Someone who

Works hard dedication and firmly in a
work with is trustworthy,
to achieve loyalty to a course of
energy and honest and
good results cause, activity, action despite has a strong
or job commitment difficulty moral principle
Concerned Receptive of Willing to do

suggestions things that Trusting one’s
with or Being able to
involve danger abilities,
focused on and bounce back
to achieve a qualities, and
financial comments from failure
goal judgment
gain from others
3
What is It
Entrepreneurship Defined
Entrepreneurship is the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking
on financial risks in the hope of profit. That business maybe of food, clothing,
appliances, gadgets and many more. The line of business that you should likely be
setting up must be of your great interest.
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Defined
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) refers to the key characteristics
that an entrepreneur should have to be successful. Notice the underlined words. The
first one is the word characteristics. Other terms for characteristics are traits,
attributes, behavior, skills, and lifestyle. The second one is the word
"success" which also means "profitable or has gained something."
There are many entrepreneurial traits but this time, we will be focusing on the 10
most important entrepreneurial traits. These are the attributes all
successful entrepreneurs possess. Read each trait and understand its meaning and
description.
1.Hard working – tending work with energy and commitment.
If you are determined to run your own business, you must concentrate on your work
either as a producer or a seller. The success of your business depends on how much
time and effort you will spend on it.
2.Self- Confident – trusting in one’s abilities, qualities, and judgment.
You must have a strong faith in your ability despite the problems that you will
encounter along the way.
3.Profit-Oriented – concerned with or focused on financial gain.
When you enter the world of business, obviously, you are looking for income because
you know that this will be your bread and butter not only for you but also for your
family.
4. Goal-Oriented – working hard to achieve good results in the tasks that have been
given. An entrepreneur is looking forward. You have an advanced preparation for
your business. You set a long-term goal for the activities that are needed, an
extensive preparation for the production process and procedure that you need to go
through to acquire human and non-human resources.
5. Persistent – continuing firmly or obstinately on a course of action despite difficulty
or opposition. It is staying firm despite the differences in opinion and judgment.
Your opponent can be a part of the rejection on what you intend to do for your
endeavor.
6. Copes with Failure - being able to bounce back from failure. It is “learning from your
mistakes.” As an entrepreneur, you must learn how to deal with the frustrations
and failures and turn them into productive learning experiences.
7. Responds to Feedback or Open to Feedback – being receptive to suggestions and
comments from others. You must be concerned about know how well you are doing
and how well you keep track of your performance.
8. Reliable and has Integrity – being trustworthy, honest, and virtuous. An
entrepreneur must build a good reputation and possess the courage to do the right
thing. You do what you say; you walk your talk; you are loyal and fair in dealing
with subordinates and customers.
9. Risk – taker – willing to do things that involve danger to achieve a goal. Take time
to listen to the advice, suggestions, and recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. It
will help your business grow.
10. Committed – feeling and demonstrating dedication and loyalty to a cause, activity,
or job. You should know that in your business, personal needs, attachment to your
friends, families and relatives are set aside.
4
Ways to Strengthen One’s Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
1. A good entrepreneur is open. He/she reacts positively to criticisms or
feedback. Good or bad feedback can still be used to improve the business.
2. Never give up. Always demonstrate positive attitude to achieve a desired goal. In
running a business, especially at the start, not all businesses become successful
at once. Most would experience failure and even bankruptcy. How should you deal
with failures? Positively. It is said that failure is a delayed success. Always project
strong and well-balanced behavior. An entrepreneur does not only deal with
customers or clients. He also deals with his employees.
3. Always exercise the aggressive style in your work environment. Being the main
point person in the business operations, clients and employees expect too much
from you.
4. Avoid being too passive and too aggressive. Everything in excess is dangerous.
Passive means unresponsive-allowing or just accepting something to happen
without active response or resistance. On the other hand, the word ‘aggressive’ is
the exact opposite of ‘being passive.’ It is being so reactive to the extent of resorting
to undue process. Both do not benefit you and your business.
5. Do not let anyone worsen your business life. What does this mean? Anyone who
surrounds you plays an important role in running your business whether it be big
or small.
6. Prioritize your business goal rather than personal goal to become a successful
entrepreneur. Be a goal – oriented. Most entrepreneurs at the start, sacrifice
their personal wants because their main goal is to grow their business.
7. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work
environment. It is always recommended to set up a business that is in line with
your passion or interest.
8. Be responsible in everything you do in your business. Responsibilities should be
taken not only during success but more importantly during bad or trying times.
Always observe business ethics in putting up a business. In any workplace,
business ethics is one of the first aspects being designed. This is to standardize
moral principles that are to be implemented and followed by everyone who will
relate to the business.
What’s More
Activity 2. Self - assessment

After learning the most important entrepreneurial traits, time for you now to
examine yourself. Using the table below, put a check mark (√) on the corresponding
column. If you think you already possess the trait, tick the “That’s Me” column. If you do
not possess the trait, tick the “That’s NOT Me” column. If you think you have the trait
but does not demonstrate it, then put the check mark on “I’m Going There.”
Personal Entrepreneurial That’s Me That’s I’m

Competencies (PECs) NOT Me Getting
There
Hardworking
Self – confident
Profit – oriented
Goal – oriented
Persistent
Responsive to Feedback
Copes with Failure
Committed
Reliable and has Integrity
Risk – taker
5
Activity 3. Aligning One’s PECs
Using the result of your self – assessment in Activity 2, accomplish the table
below by copying the PECs that you have checked under “That’s NOT Me” and “I’m
Getting There” columns. Then, opposite these traits, think of ways on how to acquire
and align them with the PECs of a successful entrepreneur. You may add more rows if
necessary.
My “That’s NOT Me” Ways to Align with a Successful
PECs Entrepreneur
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What I Have Learned
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms to complete each of the following
statements.
1. ________________ is defined as the activity of setting up a business or businesses,
taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
2. ___________________________________ refers to the key characteristics that an
entrepreneur should have to be successful.
3. Some of the Important Entrepreneurial Traits are:
a. _____________ – tending to work with energy and commitment.
b. _____________ – trusting one’s abilities, qualities, and judgment.
c. _____________ – concerned with or focused on financial gain.
d. _____________ – works hard to achieve good results in the tasks that they
have been given.
e. _____________ – continuing firmly or obstinately in a course of action
despite difficulty or opposition.
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Creating Comic Strip on Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Create a comic strip with storyboard that portrays any of the
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) that you have checked under “That’s
NOT Me” column in Activity 2. Self - assessment. You may use any cartoon story
maker application or draw it on a Letter size paper (8.5” x 11”) using any drawing tool.
Rubric:
Criteria Highest Possible Garnered Score

Score
Clarity of Content 50
Workmanship 50
6
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What business term is referred to as an activity of setting up a business or

businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit?
A. Competition
B. Entrepreneurship
C. Inflation
D. Supply and Demand
2. Which of the following terms refers to the key characteristic that an entrepreneur
should have to be successful?
A. Personal Business - mindedness
B. Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
C. Personal Needs and Wants Analysis
D. Personal Strength and Abilities
3. The success of your business depends on your management of deficiency. What

characteristic of an entrepreneur means being able to bounce back from setbacks?
A. Committed
B. Coping with failure
C. Persistent
D. Self – confident
4. Amanda has a strong faith in her abilities despite the problems that she has
encountered along the way. What characteristic of an entrepreneur does Amanda
display?
A. Committed
B. Hardworking
C. Persistent
5. In the long run, one plan of action of a successful business is to expand the business
using generated income. What entrepreneurial characteristic is emphasized?
A. Committed
B. Goal – Oriented
C. Risk – taker
6. One of the unusual events that may happen in the business is facing difficulties and
oppositions. As an entrepreneur, which of these characteristics should be your
strength?
A. Builds on strengths
B. Copes with failure
C. Copes with uncertainty
D. Persistence
7. Assuming the following are possible, which activity will be most appropriate to solve
business loss or bankruptcy?
A. Be employed to another company and make your salary your additional business
income.
B. Lend money from a friend to pay the wage of the laborers.
C. Loan enough from a bank and think of other better ways to generate income.
D. Sell some business machines and equipment to accommodate production needs.
7
8. Your boss displayed prejudice in dealing with his subordinates and his reputation is
at stake. If you are assessing your boss’s characteristic, which should be listed under
“Needs Improvement?”
A. Reliable and has integrity
B. Set own standards
C. Takes the initiative
D. Willing to listen
9. After undergoing self – assessment, you noticed that most of your characteristics were
evaluated as needing improvement. Which of the following ways will more likely turn
these weaknesses into strengths?
A. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work
environment.
B. Exercise passivity and aggression.
C. Avoid displaying assertiveness in your workplace.
D. Prioritize your personal gain rather than the business goal.
10. Mr. Henry See opens his own retail business. He is aware that his qualities as a
neophyte entrepreneur are insufficient to ensure business success. What attribute
should he display if he receives negative feedback and complaints about his
products and services?
A. Committed
B. Hardworking
C. Responsive to feedback
D. Versatile
11. Which of the following characteristics will NOT help Mr. See solve the problem?
A. Able to cope with failure
B. Dependent
C. Opportunity Seeker
D. Persistent
12. If he wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic should he

be consistent in?
A. Committed
B. Futuristic
C. Goal – oriented
D. Profit – oriented
13. Since he really intends to open a retail business, Mr. See follows the advice of a
friend that he needs to be flexible. What characteristic is demonstrated by him?
A. Persistent
B. Reliable and has integrity
C. Open to feedback
14. The goal for most successful businessmen is to be able to make decisions even if it
involves a danger to achieve the goal. How should an entrepreneur be like in this
situation?
A. An entrepreneur must be future - oriented.
B. An entrepreneur must be goal - oriented.
C. An entrepreneur should always take risks.
D. An entrepreneur should set his own standards.
15. Which of the following sayings best describes "Coping with Failures?"
A. “Time is gold”
B. “Learn from your mistakes”
C. “Honesty is the best policy”
D. “Cleanliness is next to godliness”
8
8
Technical-Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Environment and Market
TVE 8 - PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 2 Module: Environment and Market


Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS


Nida S. Garduque
Reviewers:

Samuel L. Sia EdD




Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
What I Need to Know
the Environment and Market and some basic entrepreneurial terms. Feel free to explore
each part and accomplish each activity at your own pace.
This module is here to guide you through this lesson. In case you were not able
to follow and understand some instances, you can always go back to that part.
This module is composed of one lesson, only:
• Lesson 1 – Formulating Business Ideas

1. Define the following business terminologies: market, environment, demand, and
supply.
2. Differentiate needs from wants.
3. Generate ideas for business based on the given set of guidelines.
4. Enumerate and discuss the factors to consider in selecting the right idea.
5. Conduct an environmental scanning using the SWOT Analysis tool.
6. Create an advertisement based on the selected business idea.
What I Know
of paper.
1. What term is described as essential to every individual so he/she may be able

to live with dignity and pride in the community of people?
A. Dowry B. Inheritance C. Needs D. Wants
2. Which of the following terms is also known as desires, luxury and

extravagance that signify wealth and an expensive way of living?
3. Which of the following is NOT considered as a basic need?
A. Food B. Clothing C. Air D. Travel around the world
4. Which of the following activities is considered as want?

A. Living in an impressive home.
B. Maintaining a tidy environment.
C. Purchasing personal belongings.
D. Studying in a state university.
5. Besides the basic needs and wants, the following aspects might be considered
in business undertakings EXCEPT ONE?
A. Culture B. Lifestyle C. Relationship status D. Tradition
6. What term is defined as improving a product or enhancing it?

A. Alteration B. Improvisation C. Innovation D. Invention
7. What term is described as introducing an entirely new product to replace the old
one?
8. This business term refers to whoever will use or buy the produces or services?
A. Demand B. Market C. Supply D. People
1
9. Which of the following resources will NOT give you any idea for business?
A. Magazines B. Internet C. Pocketbook D. New articles
10. In screening business ideas, which of the following factors may NOT
be considered?
A. Capital B. Demand C. Supply D. Personal Experience
11. Which of the following phrases is defined as a process of gathering,
analyzing, and dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes?
A. Environmental Skimming C. Environmental Skilling
B. Environmental Scanning D. Environmental Scaling
12. The culminating step in formulating ideas for business is by conducting SWOT
Analysis. What does the acronym SWOT stand for?
A. Sales, Wraps, Online, Tokens
B. Status, Willingness, Obstacles, Timing
C. Strategies, Wisdom, Openness, Tactics
D. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
13. “Things your company lacks.” What part of SWOT Analysis does this
consideration belong to?
A. Sales B. Weaknesses C. Opportunities D. Timing
14. Considering the emerging competitors means considering the ________ of your
business idea.
A. Threats B. Timing C. Tactics D. Tokens
15. Which of the following rules must be kept in mind for a successful SWOT
Analysis?
A. Be pessimistic. B. Be realistic. C. Be broad. D. Focused today.
Lesson
Formulating Ideas for Business
1
Having the essential entrepreneurial traits is already a good start. Since
success in entrepreneurship is your goal, it is necessary to learn the next
facet of entrepreneurship, and that is, to formulate ideas for business. Every
individual has the capability of developing his or her character to be able to respond to
the challenges and opportunities that he may encounter in setting up the business to
its daily operations. Business ideas are everywhere but selecting the best idea is
crucial. In this lesson, you will be guided on selecting ideas for business.
2
What’s In
Let us have a quick recap of what transpired in Module 1. Can you still
remember the title of the previous module? Yes, Module 1 was about Personal
Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs).
Accomplish the crossword puzzle to check your learning from this lesson. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Hints are given to help you.
Across:
2. Tending to work with energy and
commitment.
3. Someone you can trust.
Down:
1. Continuing firmly on a course of
action despite difficulty or
opposition.
4. Trusting in one’s abilities.
5. Feeling dedication for an activity
or job.
What’s New
Activity 1. Identifying the Needs and Wants of the People

Below is Word Search Puzzle. Search for the 12 words that are considered
Needs or Wants of people. You may copy or photocopy the puzzle and encircle each
word that you were able to search. Note that these words are positioned vertically,
horizontally, diagonally or reversed. Do it as fast as you can.
Good Job! You have got a pair of sharp, beautiful eyes. Now, examine each
word you have searched. Is it really your necessity? If yes, mark it as a Need.
Otherwise, mark it as a Want.
3
What is It
Market Defined
Market in the business perspective refers to who will utilize and buy the
products and services. They may be people or institutions such as government
and private organizations and other business establishment.
Needs Defined
Needs or basic needs are essential to every individual to live or survive with
pride and dignity in his/her community. Other term to associate it with is necessity,
or the things that you MUST have for a satisfying life. Examine the illustration
below for a clearer picture.
The illustration above presents the basic needs of people. Other needs include
Personal belongings, Sanitation and health, and Education and relaxation.
Wants Defined
Wants are something which we would like to have but do not need to survive.
They may be desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and an expensive
way of living.
Other wants include eating in expensive restaurants, watching concerts and

plays, wearing expensive clothes, perfumes, and jewelry.
Supply Defined
Supply means a stock of a resource from which a person or place can be
provided with the necessary amount of that resource.
Demand Defined
The desire of purchasers, consumers, clients, employers, etc., for a commodity,
service, or other item.
This time, examine the survey you conducted on the needs and wants of the
people in your community. Are there any similarities and differences with the words
you have searched in Activity 1? What needs are common? What wants are also
common? These common needs and wants can be your baseline in generating ideas
for business.
4
Generating Ideas for Business
Once you have identified the needs and wants of your market, you may now start
generating ideas for business.
Here are your basic guides in generating ideas for business. As each guide is
discussed, let us focus on education as one of needs as illustration. Under education,
there are many supplies and equipment needed. Since your interest is in technology,
think of a technology that is useful in education. Example, headset. Is a headset
useful in studying? Yes. So, let us see how you can generate an idea for business
with a headset.
Do you already have one in mind? If yes, use it as your own example as we go
through each guide.
1. Examine existing goods and services.

Essential Question: Are there existing business
reproducing and/or selling headsets?
If YES, are you satisfied with the existing product?
Is there an opportunity for innovation and invention?
Innovation is defined as improving an existing good

or service. Look at how the headset is being improved.
Invention is defined as creating a new good or service
to replace the obsolete one.
2. Examine the present and future needs.

3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied.
4. Examine the available resources around you.
5. Read magazines, news articles, internet and other publications on new
products and techniques and advances in technology.
Selecting the Right Idea

In selecting the right idea, consider these
factors before finally concluding. In this simple
activity, list down the factors in a sheet of paper
based on the given images below.
Your answers should match the following

questions:
1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?
2. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this product
and will continue to need it for a long time?
3. How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to meet the need
(competition or demand)? How much of the need is now being met (supply)?
4. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this business?
5. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable
government regulation?
6. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
Environmental Scanning
Likewise, in identifying the needs and wants of people, environmental scanning
is very essential. This is to identify the range of your business mission and update
yourself with what’s trending.
Environmental Scanning is defined as a process of gathering, analyzing, and
dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes.
Always think of something new, original, genuine, and reinvented versions of
what are already existing.
With your own example, can you make it different and unique from others of
similar category? Save your answer for the next activities.
5
SWOT Analysis is conducted to determine the suitability of your chosen idea for
business. Hence, the product/goods and services you are planning to offer will be
patronized by your target market.
S – Strengths
W – Weaknesses
O – Opportunities
T - Threats
Simple rules for a successful SWOT analysis.
1. Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when
conducting SWOT analysis.
2. SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business is today,
and where it could be in the future.
3. SWOT should always be specific. Avoid any grey areas.
4. Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better than or
worse than your competition.
5. Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis
6. SWOT is subjective.
What’s More
Activity 2. SWOT Analysis
For this activity, conduct a SWOT Analysis with the business idea you are
planning to offer. Use the template below.
Need/Want STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What I Have Learned
1. Define the following terms:

Needs - _____________________________________________________________
Wants - ____________________________________________________________
Supply - ____________________________________________________________
Demand - ___________________________________________________________
Market - ____________________________________________________________
2. List some examples of the following:
Needs - ____________, ____________, ___________, ____________
Wants - ____________, ____________, ___________, ____________
3. What is Environmental Scanning?
4. What does the acronym SWOT stand for?
5. State at least one (1) simple rule for a successful SWOT Analysis.
6
What I Can Do
Now that you have generated an idea for business, establish your business
by creating your business’s name, logo, tag-line, and promise.
Your final output will be your business first advertisement to be
published on a daily newspaper. It should include the business name, logo, tag-
line, and promise.
Rubric:
Assessment
1. To live with dignity and pride, an individual must have the essentials in life. What do
we call these essentials?
2. These things may NOT be necessary to live or survive. What do we call these?
3. Which of the following is considered as a WANT?

A. Food B. Clothing C. Air D. Travel around the world
4. Which of the following activities can NOT be considered as a NEED?

A. Living in an impressive home.
B. Maintaining a tidy environment.
C. Purchasing personal belongings.
D. Studying in a state university.
5. Besides the basic needs and wants, the following aspects should be also
identified EXCEPT ONE:
A. Culture B. Education C. Relationship status D. Tradition
6. You are thinking of better ways to enhance your product to make new and unique
while changing some little specifications of it. What do we call this process?
7. You noticed that an existing product is already obsolete. You want to create a
totally new product. What process is this?
8. One of the most important aspects to consider is to determine the people or other
establishments who will patronize your product. Which of the following is
described by the underlined phrase?
A. Demand B. Market C. Supply D. People
7
9. Which of the following resources will give you limited ideas for business?
A. Magazines B. Internet C. Pocketbook D. News articles
10. In screening business ideas, which of the following factors may NOT be
considered?
A. Capital B. Demand C. Supply D. Personal Experience
11. It is in this process where you as an entrepreneur think of something new,

novel, and impactful to the customers. What do we call this process?
A. Environmental Skimming C. Environmental Skilling
B. Environmental Scanning D. Environmental Scaling
12. What does the S in the acronym SWOT stand for?

A. Sales B. Status C. Supply D. Strengths
13. Things your company is sufficient of. What part of SWOT Analysis does this
consideration belong to?
A. Strengths B. Weaknesses C. Opportunities D. Strategies
14. If you have few competitors in your area, how do you consider this in your SWOT
Analysis?
A. Strength B. Timing C. Opportunity D. Threat
15. Which of the following rules must keep in mind for a successful SWOT Analysis?
A. Be pessimistic. B. Be realistic. C. Be broad. D. Focused today.
Additional Activities
Search for at least five (5) hand tools found in your household that are used by
your parent or guardian in doing electrical or technical activities. Ask them about
their simple use. List them down using this table.
HAND TOOL SIMPLE DESCRIPTION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Save your list for the next Module.
8
8
Technical-Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Occupational Health and Safety
i
TVE 8 - PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 3 Module: Occupational Health and Safety





Samuel L. Sia EdD




Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
What I Need to Know
the Occupational Health and Safety. Feel free to explore each part and accomplish
each activity at your own pace.
This module is composed of one (1) lesson only:

• Lesson 1 – Occupational Health and Safety Standards
1. Define Occupational Health and Safety.
2. Familiarize oneself with the Occupation Health and Safety standards in
dealing with fire.
3. Recognize safety standards in dealing with hazardous substances.
4. Observe safety guidelines while working with personal computers in school
and at home.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What does the acronym OHS stand for?
A. Occupational Health and Safety C. Occupational Health and Sanity
B. Occupational Health and Sanctity D. Occupational Health and Security
2. What term is defined as a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury
where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks?
A. Occupational Health and Safety Policies
B. Occupational Health and Sanctity Procedures
C. Occupational Health and Sanity Procedures
D. Occupational Health and Security Policies
3. Who will directly benefit if the OHSP is followed properly in a computer
laboratory?
A. Barangay Officials C. Parents
B. ICT Students C. Security Personnel
4. Which is a safety precaution to prevent the experience of static electricity?
A. Always connect a computer from the AC power and from any powered
peripherals while you are working on it.
B. Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer (except
when working on monitors).
C. Never unplug an ATX power supply into AC power unless it is connected
either to a computer's motherboard or to a dummy test load.
D. Never use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power
Supply that incorporates surge and spike protection.
5. Why is eating, drinking, and smoking never allowed while working on a
computer?
A. It poses hazard to health.
B. Not all users are eating, drinking, and smoking making it unfair to the
others.
C. Small debris or liquid spills might cause electrocution.
D. There is a proper call time for recess.
6. Which of the following suggests unsafety working with personal computers?
A. Listening to the teacher's instructions before doing anything else.
B. Making sure all devices are plugged off before working with them.
C. Removing expansion cards when the computer is off.
D. Working on computer even when wet while wearing an anti-static device.
1
7. If you find fire and the designated officer is not present, you need to take the
responsibility to do something. Which of the following should you do?
A. Let the authorities discover what happened themselves to avoid massive
tension.
B. Locate the source of the fire.
C. Once outside, simply estimate the head count.
D. Remove all people from the building and let them go home immediately.
8. Andy’s beverage spilled off the floor near the live electric outlet. It did not wait for
long and he saw the wires burning. In his initial assessment, he could no longer
easily and safely clear the hazard. What should Andy do next?
A. Continue clearing the area close to the hazard.
B. Identify the hazard.
C. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people
from harm.
D. Report the hazard to the appropriate person, such as teacher, principal, etc.
to obtain assistance.
9. Following clearing of the hazard, fill out the correct documentation like Accident
Report to assist in identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of
hazards. Which of the following details should an accident report contain?
A. Name of the assisting officer C. Name of the person injured
B. Name of the first aider D. Name of the person who first saw the hazard
10. What is the importance of working with somebody else in a computer laboratory?
A. If an accident happens, somebody may give you immediate assistance.
B. If you forgot to do your homework, you have someone to copy from.
C. One head is better than two.
D. When the teacher is out for a moment, you have a lookout to tell if the
teacher is coming back.
11. Which of the following may NOT be a necessary detail to be included in an
accident report?
A. Date and time of the accident C. Relatives of the person injured
B. First aid given D. Type of Injury
12. Which of the following invokes an unsafe and hazardous fire exit?
A. All corridors need to have equipment stored on one side only to ensure that
in the event of an emergency there is a clear exit.
B. All fire exits should be kept clear from obstructions.
C. Chairs, empty boxes or any other type of obstacles are not placed in or near
fire exit doorways.
D. Fire Exit doors should always be kept open wide.
13. Emily found a fire in the computer laboratory where she is working on. What
should Emily do first?
A. Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
B. Break the glass section of the fire alert call point.
C. Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a loud and clear voice.
D. If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
14. You were disassembling a system unit and you suddenly smell a burnt hair. You
realized that part of your hair on your skin is burned. What personal safety while
working with PCs was not applied?
A. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) like coverall, shoes with
rubber sole, anti-static wrist strap, etc.
B. Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
C. Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
D. Remove your jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.
15. In case of accidental mixing of electronic device with water, which of the following
should be done to decrease the chance of possible damage?
A. Disassemble the device and expose it under the sun.
B. Dry it with dry cloth from time to time.
C. Hang the device for 24 hours.
D. Put the device in a rice storage for hours to help it dry.
2
Lesson Occupational Health and Safety Standards
1
What’s In
Do you still remember this illustration?

Let us see if you still do.
On a separate sheet paper, write the
name of the numbered images. Your answer for
Number 1 is the term that describes all your
answers for Numbers 2 – 7.
What’s New
Spot the Difference. Using a pencil, encircle the parts of the images that make
them different from each other.
(Background is adapted from Cartoon Story Maker v1.1 app)
Good job! You have found all the differences.
What can you say about the image on the left? What about the image on the
right? You are right! The image on the left shows an untidy computer laboratory while
the image on the right presents a clean and safe computer laboratory. The computer
laboratory on the right displays some of the Occupational Health and Safety Policies.
What is It
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to
prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and
risks.
As an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) learner, it is

your responsibility to observe the Occupational Health and Safety policies when
working inside a computer laboratory. This will not only benefit you but also all
the people around you and the community at large.
3
There are various hazards that may
occur inside the computer laboratory and may
become worse if not attended to correctly and
promptly.
These hazards include:

For individual (student, teacher, and
other personnel):
• Accidental cutting of fingers when using tools
• Experiencing electrostatic discharge
• Tripping of wires that are lying on the floor
• Electrocution
• Suffocation from chemicals like triggered fire
extinguisher
For equipment:
Flowchart 1. Occupational Health and Safety
Standards
• Water spillage
• Overheating
• Over/under supply of voltage on main outlets
Do you think you can help in preventing these hazards from occurring?
Maybe at this point, you are unsure of your answer, but yes, you can. After this
lesson, you are expected to acquire skills to contribute to the prevention of hazards.
And if in any case hazards remained unprevented, to help deal with these hazards, at
least.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards

It is very important to follow a standard procedure in attending an
occurring hazard. Look at Flowchart 1. Understand and try to practice them at
home in case a minimal hazard or accident happens.
Flowchart 2 shows the steps in dealing with hazardous substance spillage.
Read and understand each step. One of the most common hazards not only in
school but more frequently at home is fire. Can a fire start inside a computer
laboratory? Yes. Because a computer laboratory has a myriad of electrical wirings and
cables, a fire can exist. Nobody would desire this hazard to happen. As a learner, it is
a necessity to know the safety guidelines in dealing with fire.
Flowchart 2. Hazardous Substance Safety Guidelines
4
Let us look at Flowchart 3.
What if your clothes catch fire? Do not panic. Remember SDR.

• Stop whatever you are doing.
• Drop to the ground. Cover your face if
possible.
• Roll over and over, back, and forth until the
flames go out. Do not run. It will just trigger
the fire in spreading.
Once the flames are out, apply first aid by

cooling the burnt skin in running water for three
to five minutes. Immediately call for secondary
aid or medical attention.
Here are some more tips in dealing with fire:

• Do not fight a fire that you think is already
out of control.
• Be aware of the fire exits and evacuation
protocol.
• Keep fire exits clear from obstructions.
• Keep corridors or hallways free from clutter.
Flowchart 3. Fire Safety Guidelines
General Safety and Guidelines while Working with Personal Computers (PCs)
Prevention is better than cure. In order not to experience worse scenarios like fire,
spillage of hazardous substances and others, let us study the general safety guidelines
while working with Personal Computers (PCs).
1. Before doing anything, listen to your teacher’s instruction to prevent accidents or
any unwanted incidents that may occur in your workplace.
2. Do not work alone. A partner will give you immediate assistance in case something
happens.
3. Do not work on components that are plugged into the power source. Always turn
the power off or plug off all components before touching them.
4. Remove your jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment. Most
pieces of jewelry are made of conductive materials that may cause electrocution.
5. Be sure not to mix electronic components and water. Water is a good conductor of
electricity. Water also causes rust on steel materials.
6. Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being
shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.
7. Avoid playing or running inside the computer laboratory. Observe silence while
inside the laboratory.
8. Always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like gloves, goggles, anti – static
wrist straps and face masks.
9. Apply safety measures when handling tools like crimping tool, wire stripper,
soldering iron, and others.
10. Ask for assistance from your teacher in dealing with computer devices.
Your teacher knows best. If you think you have a doubt in anything, it is always
best to seek assistance.
If everything else is abided by and still an accident happened, be sure to
report it immediately to the proper authorities using the Accident Report Form.
Below is a sample Accident Report Form. An Accident Report Form is used to

provide specific details regarding the accident that had happened inside the computer
laboratory. This form further assists in identifying improved practices to avoid
recurrence of same or similar accident or hazard.
5
ACCIDENT REPORT FORM
Date:
Room No.:
Name of Injured
Person:
Grade Level/Section:
Type of Injury Cause of Injury First Aid Given Action Plan
What’s More
Activity 1. Snake Game. Prepare three (3) strips of paper and write the numbers 1, 2,
and 3 on the strips, respectively and another two (2) strips with YES and NO written on
them, respectively. Roll each strip to hide the numbers and the words. To start the game,
pick a strip. If you picked number 1, from HEAD move 1 step, if number 2, move 2
steps and so on. Complete the sentence by filling in the missing word. You must do it
for one (1) minute. In case, you were not able to answer it correctly within the given
time, the turn is given to your opponent. Your opponent may be somebody at home
who is older than you. The first to reach the TAIL wins.
What I Have Learned
Answer the following questions.

1. What is Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)?
2. Recite the Occupational Health and Safety Standards in correct order.
3. If you found fire, what should you do?
4. In case a hazardous substance was spilled, how should you deal with it?
5. Recite the Safety Guidelines while Working with PCs.
What I Can Do
Activity 2. Check the List. Below is a checklist of things and/or events that need to
be present, observed or implemented in school and at home as well, to prevent and in
dealing any accident or hazard. If the thing and/or event is present, observed
or implemented at home, put a check (/) mark before the item. Otherwise, put a cross
(X) mark.
6
/ or X Accident or Hazard Prevention Must Haves
Existence of First Aid Kit at home.
First Aid Kit is visible to all members of the family.
All family members are knowledgeable with the proper application of first aid.
Medicines, ointments, and other first aid contents are checked regularly and replaced
before their expiration dates.
Existence of Fire extinguisher at home.
All adult family members are knowledgeable in operating the fire extinguisher.
Fire extinguishers are checked regularly and replaced once expired.
Existence of fire exit/s at home.
All family members are aware of the fire exit/s.
Fire exit/s are always kept clear from any obstacle.
Cleanliness and orderliness are always observed at home.
All adult family members are aware of the evacuation plan.
After accomplishing this task, have your parents/guardian reflect on the result
of your checklist.
Assessment
1. An Information and Communications Technology (ICT) student should know how
to behave when working in the computer laboratory by understanding a planned
system of working to prevent illness and injury where he works and by
recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Which of the following is being
referred to?
A. Disaster Risk and Reduction C. Occupational sanity and
habitation
B. Occupational Health and Safety D. Wellness and Sanitation in School
2. If the workplace hazard appears to be dangerous to the staff and the clients, and
professional assistance is required, which of the following should be complied
first?
A. Call the teacher or other person in authority and advise them of the
problem and the urgency of the matter.
B. Depending on the risk it may be called as an evacuation.
C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
D. The teacher or other person in authority will call in the fire brigade or
specialized personnel who will deal with the spill.
3. After an accident or hazard, which of the following is prepared to give specific

details regarding the accident?
A. Accident Report Form C. Checklist
B. Inventory Form D. Survey Form
4. Which of the following best describes the ultimate purpose of preparing an

Accident Report Form?
A. For the information of everyone involved in the accident.
B. To assist in identifying improved practices to reduce further incidence of
hazards.
C. To complete the records of the school or management.
D. To minimize frequent queries by posting the form on the bulletin board.
5. What does the letter P in the Fire Extinguisher operation acronym PASS stand
for?
A. Pass B. Play C. Pull D. Push
6. Which of the following information may NOT be included in the preparation of an

Accident Report Form?
A. Date and Time of the Accident C. Name of the Injured Person
B. Duration of the Accident D. Type of Injury
7
7. What is the last step in dealing with hazardous substance spillage in a workplace
that seems dangerous to staff and other individuals, and professional assistance
is required?
A. Call for an evacuation if risk requires it.
B. Call the teacher or other persons in authority and advise them of the
problem and urgency of the matter.
C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
D. Seek help from fire brigade or specialized personnel to deal with the spill.
8. Which of the following events may NOT cause an accident or hazard in a

computer laboratory?
A. Overloading of power supply C. Underloading of water supply
B. Tripping of electrical wirings D. Water spillage
9. If you find fire, which of the following steps should be done first?
A. Assess the danger. C. Call for evacuation.
B. Call for assistance. D. Close the door to partition the fire.
10. The second letter S in the acronym PASS stands for Sweep the nozzle. What is
the proper manner of sweeping the nozzle?
A. Bottom to Top C. Side to side
B. North to South D. Top to Bottom
11. When your clothes catch fire, do not panic. Instead, remember the acronym SDR,
which stands for ______.
A. Say, Duck, Revert C. Step, Don't, Read
B. See, Down, Rise D. Stop, Drop, Roll
12. Which of the following tips can NEVER contribute when dealing with fire?
A. Beware of the fire exits and evacuation protocol.
B. Fight a fire that you think is already out of control.
C. Keep corridors or hallways free from clutter.
D. Keep fire exits clear with no obstacle.
13. Which of the following statements best explains why your watch or jewelry
should be removed when working with PCs?
A. They can be mixed with other components of the system unit especially
during disassembly.
B. To make working light and convenient, watches and jewelry should be
removed.
C. Wrist watches and many pieces of jewelry are mostly made of conductive
materials that may cause electrocution.
D. You will be working with somebody so it is best to secure your valuables
like watches and jewelry.
14. You were disassembling a system unit and you suddenly smell a burnt hair. You
realized that part of your hair on your skin is burnt. What personal safety
while working with PCs was not applied?
A. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) like coverall, shoes with
rubber sole, anti-static wrist strap, etc.
B. Be sure to not mix electronic components and water.
C. Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
D. Remove any piece of jewelry when working inside any computer related
equipment.
15. In case of accidental mixing of electronic device with water, which of the following
should be done to decrease the chance of possible damage?
A. Disassemble the device and expose it under the sun.
B. Dry it with dry cloth from time to time.
C. Hang the device for 24 hours.
D. Put the device in a rice storage for hours to help it dry.
8
8
Technical – Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Computer Hardware and Other
Components
i
TVE 8 - PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 4 Module: Computer Hardware and Other Components





Samuel L. Sia EdD




Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
What I Need to Know
the Computer Hardware and Other Components and some basic computer terms terms.
Feel free to explore each part and accomplish each activity at your own pace.
This module is composed of three (3) lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Computer Hardware and Other Components

1. Define computer hardware and software.
2. Familiarize oneself with the basic hardware of a personal computer;
3. Describe the components of a system unit and their respective
functions.
What I Know
of paper.
1. Which of the following describes the physical artifacts of a technology?

A. Data B. Hardware C. Program D. Software
2. Which of the following sets of devices is the basic hardware of a personal

computer?
A. Internet, Mouse, Printer, Processing Unit
B. Keyboard, monitor, mouse, system unit
C. Monitor, Mouse, Printer, Processing Unit
D. Monitor, Mouse, Processing Unit, Scanner
3. What basic hardware of a personal computer is also called the computer chassis?
A. Keyboard B. Monitor C. Software D. System Unit
4. Which of the following components of a system unit contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer?
A. Expansion bus C. Primary storage
B. Motherboard D. Secondary storage
5. Which component of system unit is considered as the brain of a computer

system?
A. Adapter C. Motherboard
B. Microprocessor D. Optical Disc Drive
6. Which of the following is described as volatile, temporary storage?

A. Random Access Memory C. Read Only Memory
B. Read Access Memory D. Secondary Memory
7. What computer system component is referred to as a data pathway between

several hardware components inside or outside a computer?
A. Expansion Bus C. Read Only Memory
B. Output Devices D. Secondary Storage
1
8. Which of the following does PCI, an evolution of expansion bus, stand for?
A. Peripheral Component Interconnect
B. Peripheral Component Internet
C. Primary Component Interconnect
D. Primary Component Internet
9. What do you call the component of a system unit that uses lasers to read data
on the optical media?
A. Hard Disc Drive C. Sound Card
B. Optical Disc Drive D. Video Card
10. What component of system unit is responsible in permitting upgrade of new

hardware?
A. Adapter C. Hard Disc Drive
B. Expansion Bus D. Internal Storage
11. I want to connect my computer to the internet through a wireless connection.

Which port should I look for?
A. Display B. HDMI C. Ethernet D. VGA
12. Which of the following comprises one or more mechanical components providing
mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed
circuit board?
A. Back Panel Connector C. Front Panel
B. CPU Socket D. PCI x1 Slot
13. What does the acronym SATA stand for?

A. Separate Advanced Technology Attachment
B. Separate Advanced Technology Availability
C. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
D. Serial Advanced Technology Availability
14. Which of the following components of motherboard allows computer memory to

be inserted into the computer?
A. CPU Socket C. RAM Slot
B. PCI Slot D. SATA port
15. What do you call an expansion card for producing sound on a computer that can
be heard through speakers or headphones?
A. Ethernet Card C. Sound Card
B. Expansion Card D. Video Card
2
Lesson Computer Hardware and Other
1 Peripherals
What’s In
Direction: Accomplish the Flowchart of Occupational Health and

Safety Standards by filling in each shape with the necessary details.
What’s New
Activity 1. Picture Annotation

On a separate sheet of paper, write the names of the basic hardware of a Personal
Computer (PC).
Figure 1. Basic Hardware of a

Personal Computer
What is It
Definition of Terms
A Computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in
binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
Hardware is the general term that is used to describe physical artifacts of a

technology.
According to Google Dictionary, hardware refers to the machines, wiring,

and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system.
3
The basic hardware of a Personal Computer (PC) are:
1. Mouse
2. Keyboard
3. Monitor
4. System Unit
Let us see how each hardware works that makes a Personal Computer amazing.
Mouse
According to Wikipedia, Mouse is a hand – held pointing device that detects
two – dimensional motion relative to a surface.
The mouse is an important tool for communicating with computers. Commonly
known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them,
and move them.
Figure 2. Parts of a Mouse
Keyboard
The keyboard is one of the main
ways to communicate with a computer.
There are many different types of
keyboards, but most of these are very
similar and allow you to accomplish
the same basic tasks.
Here are the parts of a Keyboard: Figure 3. Parts of a Keyboard

1. Escape Key - The Escape (Esc) key allows you to stop a function or action.
2. Function Keys - The function keys are labeled F1 through F12. Some programs
use these keys as shortcuts for common tasks.
3. Print Screen, Scroll Lock, Pause/Break - The Print Screen, Scroll Lock,
and Pause/Break keys are at the top-right corner of the keyboard. The Print
Screen key takes a picture of your screen (called a screenshot) that you can edit
or save using a graphics program. Scroll Lock and Pause/Break are rarely used
today, so some keyboards do not have them.
4. Tab Key - The Tab key is used to create indents in word processing programs.
Also, if you are filling out a form online, you can use the Tab key to switch to the
next field.
5. Alphanumeric Keys - The main part of the keyboard includes the alphanumeric
keys (letters and numbers) and the space bar.
6. Backspace Key - The Backspace key erases the character to the left of the cursor.
7. Insert and Delete - Insert: This switches between insert mode (which inserts new
text without deleting anything) and overtype mode (which deletes text after the
cursor as you type). Delete: This erases the character to the right of the cursor.
8. Home and End - These move the cursor to the beginning or end of the current
line.
9. Page Up and Down - These scroll a document or web-page up or down.
10. Numeric Keypad - The numeric keypad resembles a calculator keypad. Many
users find that it is easier to type numbers using this keypad.
11. Arrow Keys - The arrow keys are used for many different purposes, including
moving the cursor, scrolling a document, and controlling a game.
4
12. Ctr, Alt, and Shift - The Control (Ctrl), Alternate (Alt), and Shift keys are designed
to work in combination with other keys. Typically, you hold down Ctrl, Alt, or
Shift and then type another key to perform a specific task.
Monitor
The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display
images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to
change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.
Figure 4. Parts of a Monitor
Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting
diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat panel
displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT monitors are much
larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.
System Unit / Computer

Case
The System Unit/
Computer Case is the metal
and plastic box that contains
the main components of the
computer, including the
motherboard, central
processing unit (CPU), and
power supply.
Figure 4. Components of a System Unit
Let us see what are inside the System Unit.
These are the components of a System Unit:

1. Optical Disc Drive. An optical disc drive is a disc drive that uses
laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light
spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from
optical discs.
2. Motherboard. The motherboard is the

computer's main circuit board. It is a thin plate that holds the
CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives,
expansion cards to control the video and audio, and connections
to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard
connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.
3. Hard Drive. The hard drive is where your software, documents,

and other files are stored. The hard drive is long-term storage, which
means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug
it. When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of
the data from the hard drive onto the RAM. When you save a file, the
data is copied back to the hard drive. The faster the hard drive, the
faster your computer can start up and load programs.
5
4. Power Supply. The power supply unit in a
computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of
power needed by the computer. It sends power through cables to
the motherboard and other components.
5. Random Access Memory (RAM)
is your system's short-term memory.
Whenever your computer performs calculations, it
temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.
This short-term memory disappears when the computer is
turned off. If you are working on a document, spreadsheet, or
other type of file, you will need to save it to avoid losing it. When you save a file, the
data is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.
6. Central Processing Unit (CPU). The central processing

unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer
case on the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the
computer, and its job is to carry out commands. Whenever you
press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you are
sending instructions to the CPU. The CPU is usually a two-inch
ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside. The chip is usually about the size of
a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by
the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.
7. Heat Sink. A heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) is a

passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an
electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a
liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby
allowing regulation of the device's temperature.
8. Expansion Slots. Most computers have expansion slots on the

motherboard that allow you to add various types of expansion cards.
These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral component interconnect)
cards. You may never need to add any PCI cards because most
motherboards have built-in video, sound, network, and other capabilities.
What’s More
Activity 2. Educational Bingo
Instructions: Cut out strips of papers. Write on the strips a simple definition or
function of the Parts of a Keyboard, Parts of a Monitor, and Components of a System
Unit/Computer Case. After which roll the strips to hide their contents and put them on
a container after. Use the Bingo Card at the left.
To start the game, pick a strip, read what is written on it and cross out the box
containing the part that is being described. You only have ten strips to draw. Your goal
is to cross out five (5) consecutive boxes vertically. Goodluck!
6
What I Have Learned
Direction: Enumerate the following.

1. Basic Hardware of a Personal Computer
2. Parts of a Mouse
3. At least five (5) parts of a Keyboard
4. Parts of a Monitor
5. Components of a System Unit/Computer Case
What I Can Do
Activity 3. Mini Teacher
Get back with the result of your interview. Notice the answers that are
somewhat incorrect. This time play the role of a Mini Teacher. During family time
where all members of the family are gathered, inform them of the correct
answers and teach them the new things you have learned from this lesson. After
discussing, you may ask some questions to test if they have learned something
from you or you may administer a five (5) item – quiz. The member who got the
highest score will be excused from doing his/her household chore (e.g. washing
the dishes).
Assessment
1. What basic hardware of a Personal Computer is made of metal and plastic box
that contains the main components of the computer, including the motherboard,
CPU, and power supply?
A. Computer Case B. Keyboard C. Monitor D. Motherboard
2. This hardware comes in newer versions called LCD or LED. What hardware
is referred to?
A. Keyboard B. Monitor C. Mouse D. System Unit
3. This hardware works as way to communicate with a computer by pressing

some keys or buttons on it. What basic hardware does this task?
A. Keyboard B. Monitor C. Mouse D. System Unit
4. This hardware is commonly known as pointing device that lets you point
on the screen, click on them, and move them. What hardware can do this?
A. Keyboard B. Motherboard C. Mouse D. Processor
5. What keyboard part includes the letters and numbers and the spacebar?
A. Alphanumeric Keys C. Function Keys
B. Escape Key D. Numeric Keypad
7
6. In the absence of the mouse, you can still move the cursor, scroll a
document, and control a game using these keys. What are these keys?
A. Alphanumeric Keys C. Escape Key
B. Arrow Keys D. Function Keys
7. The mouse has four (4) basic parts. Which part allows the context menu
to display?
A. Palm rest C. Secondary (Right) Button
B. Primary (Left) Button D. Wheel
8. What component of the system unit/computer case is described as a thin

plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and other
peripheral connections?
A. Expansion Slot C. Motherboard
B. Hard Drive D. Optical Drive
9. The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip that fits
into its location on the motherboard? What is the technical term used to
call this area?
A. CPU Area B. CPU Sink C. CPU Slot D. CPU Socket
10. A typical system unit has two memories, the short-term memory and the
long-term memory. Which of the following is also called the short-term
memory?
A. Central Processing Unit C. Random Access Memory
B. Hard Drive D. Read Only Memory
11. When you perform calculations, the data are stored in a certain memory
until they are needed. What memory does this job?
A. CPU Memory C. Random Access Memory
B. Long-term Memory D. Video Card Memory
12. Without this hardware, all other components will not function, not even
turning the device ON. Which of the following hardware has this capability
to do so?
A. Central Processing Unit C. Power Supply
B. Motherboard D. Random Access Memory
13. Various Expansion cards can be added through the expansion slot on
the motherboard. They are sometimes called PCI. What does the acronym
PCI stand for?
A. Peripheral Component Interconnect
B. Peripheral Component Internet
C. Primary Component Interconnect
D. Primary Component Internet
14. The speed of your computer in starting up and in loading programs

depends mainly on this long – term memory. What component is referred
to?
A. CPU Memory C. Random Access Memory
B. Long-term Memory D. Video Card Memory
15. What component saves data even if you turn the computer off or unplug it?
A. CPU C. Random Access Memory
B. Hard Drive D. Video Card Memory
8

Programming Q1 Weeks1to4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Programming Q1 Weeks1to4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

8

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Development Team of the Module

Editor: Arlene A. Purisima

Reviewer: Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Layout Artists: Jean T. Tumaneng

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval Education Program

2nd Edition Revalidation 2021:

Language Validator: Maylen M. Patanao

Layout Validator: Jean T. Tumaneng

Reviewers: Nida S. Garduque

Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen PhD

Samuel L. Sia EdD

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

Are you ready? Let us start.

This module is composed of one (1) lesson only:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

4. Which among the following characteristics is described as having trust in one’s

8. Jun-Jun is reliable if he _______________?

12. If he wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic

13. He is receptive to comments and suggestions because he wants to be updated

Larry Ellison * Mark Zuckerberg * Jeff Bezos *

1.______________ 2.______________ 3.______________

4.______________ 5._______________ 6.______________

Activity 1. Matching Pairs

HARD - SELF - PROFIT - GOAL -

RESPONSIVE COPES RELIABLE RISK -

Feeling of Tending to Continuing Someone who

Concerned Receptive of Willing to do

Activity 2. Self - assessment

Personal Entrepreneurial That’s Me That’s I’m

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Creating Comic Strip on Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Criteria Highest Possible Garnered Score

1. What business term is referred to as an activity of setting up a business or

3. The success of your business depends on your management of deficiency. What

12. If he wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic should he

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Development Team of the Module

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

2nd Edition Revalidation 2021:

Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen PhD

Samuel L. Sia EdD

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. What term is described as essential to every individual so he/she may be able

2. Which of the following terms is also known as desires, luxury and

4. Which of the following activities is considered as want?

6. What term is defined as improving a product or enhancing it?

Activity 1. Identifying the Needs and Wants of the People

Other wants include eating in expensive restaurants, watching concerts and

1. Examine existing goods and services.

Innovation is defined as improving an existing good

2. Examine the present and future needs.

Selecting the Right Idea

Your answers should match the following

Activity 2. SWOT Analysis

Need/Want STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

1. 2. 3.__

4.______ 5._ 6.________