List of Amendments of The Constitution of India

List of amendments of the Constitution of India
As of August 2023, there have been 106[1] amendments of the Constitution of India since it was
first enacted in 1950.[2]
There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which second and third type
of amendments are governed by Article 368.
The first type of amendments includes that can be passed by "simple majority" in each house
of the Parliament of India.
The second type of amendments includes that can be effected by the parliament by a
prescribed "special majority" in each house; and
The third type of amendments includes those that require, in addition to such "special
majority" in each house of the parliament, ratification by at least one half of the State
Legislatures.
The third type amendments that are made to the constitution are amendments No. 3, 6, 7, 8, 13,
14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74,
75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99 and 101.[3]
Although constitutional amendments require the support of a two-thirds majority in both houses
of Parliament (with some amendments requiring ratification by a majority of state legislatures),
the Indian Constitution is the most amended national constitution in the world.[4] The
Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed
by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a
result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year.
List of Amendments
Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
Added special provision Jawaharlal Rajendra

for the advancement of Nehru Prasad
any socially and
educationally[7] backward
classes or for the
Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes (SCs
and STs). To fully secure
the constitutional validity
15, 19, 85, 87, 174,
of zamindari abolition
176, 341, 342, 372
laws and to place
and 376.
18 June reasonable restriction on
1st Insert articles 31A
1951[6] freedom of speech. A new
and 31B.
constitutional device,
Insert schedule
called Schedule 9
9.[5]
introduced to protect
against laws that are
contrary to the
Constitutionally
guaranteed fundamental
rights. These laws
encroach upon property
rights, freedom of speech
and equality before law.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Removed the upper

population limit for a
Amend article parliamentary
2nd 1 May 1953
81(1)(b).[8] constituency by
amending Article 81(1)
(b).
Re-enacted entry 33 of
the Concurrent List in the
Seventh Schedule with
relation to include trade
and commerce in, and the
production, supply and
distribution of four
classes of essential
Amend schedule 22 February
3rd commodities, viz.,
7.[9] 1955
foodstuffs, including
edible oil seeds and oils;
cattle fodder, including
oilcakes and other
concentrates; raw cotton
whether ginned or
unginned, and cotton
seeds; and raw jute.
Amend articles 31, Restrictions on property

31A, and 305. 27 April rights and inclusion of
4th
Amend schedule 1955 related bills in Schedule 9
[10]
9. of the constitution.
5th Amend article 24 Empowered the President

3.[11] December to prescribe a time limit
1955 for a State Legislature to
convey its views on
proposed Central laws
relating to the formation
of new States and
alteration of areas,
boundaries or names of
Enforced Prime
since Minister
existing States. Also

permitted the President to
extend the prescribed
limit, and prohibited any
such bill from being
introduced in Parliament
until after the expiry of
the prescribed or
extended period.
Amend articles
11 Amend the Union List and
269 and 286.
6th September State List with respect to
Amend schedule
1956 raising of taxes.
7.[12]
Amend articles 1,
3, 49, 80, 81, 82,
131, 153, 158, 168,
170, 171, 216, 217,
220, 222, 224, 230, Reorganisation of states
231 and 232. 1 on linguistic lines,
7th Insert articles November abolition of Class A, B, C,
258A, 290A, 298, 1956 D states and introduction
350A, 350B, 371, of Union territories.
372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules
1, 2, 4 and 7.[13]
Extended the period of

reservation of seats for
the Scheduled Castes and
Amend article 5 January Scheduled Tribes and
8th
334.[14] 1960 Anglo-Indians in the Lok
Sabha and the State
Legislative Assemblies till
1970.
9th Amend schedule 28 Minor adjustments to

1.[15] December territory of Indian Union
Enforced Prime
since Minister
1960 consequent to agreement

with Pakistan for
settlement of disputes by
demarcation of border
villages, etc.
Incorporation of Dadra
Amend article 240. and Nagar Haveli as a
11 August
10th Amend schedule Union Territory,
1961
1.[16] consequent to acquisition
from Portugal.
Election of Vice President

by Electoral College
consisting of members of
both Houses of
Parliament, instead of
19 election by a Joint Sitting
Amend articles 66
11th December of Parliament. Indemnify
and 71.[17]
1961 the President and Vice
President Election
procedure from challenge
on grounds of existence
of any vacancies in the
electoral college.
Incorporation of Goa,
Amend article 240. 20 Daman and Diu as a
12th Amend schedule December Union Territory,
1.[18] 1961 consequent to acquisition
from Portugal.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Formation of State of Sarvepalli

Amend article 170.
1 December Nagaland, with special Radhakrishnan
13th Insert new article
1962 protection under Article
371A.[19]
371A.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Incorporation of
Amend articles 81
Pondicherry into the
and 240.
28 Union of India and
Insert article
14th December creation of Legislative
239A.
1962 Assemblies for Himachal
Amend schedules
Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur
1 and 4.[20]
and Goa.
Amend articles
Raise retirement age of
124, 128, 217, 222,
High Court judges from
224, 226, 297, 311
60 to 62 and other minor
and 316. 5 October
15th amendments for
Insert article 1963
rationalising
224A.
interpretation of rules
Amend schedule
regarding judges etc.
7.[21]
Make it obligatory for

Amend articles 19, seekers of public office to
84 and 173. 5 October swear their allegiance to
16th
Amend schedule 1963 the Indian Republic and
3.[22] prescribe the various
obligatory templates.
To secure the
Amend article constitutional validity of
31A. 20 June acquisition of Estates and
17th
Amend schedule 1964 place land acquisition
9.[23] laws in Schedule 9 of the
constitution.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Technical Amendment to
include Union Territories
Amend article 27 August
18th in Article 3 and hence
3.[24] 1966
permit reorganisation of
Union Territories.
Abolish Election Tribunals

11
Amend article and enable trial of
19th December
324.[25] election petitions by
1966
regular High Courts.
Indemnify & validate

judgments, decrees,
orders and sentences Lal
passed by judges and to Bahadur
validate the appointment, Shastri

posting, promotion and
transfer of judges barring
22
Insert article a few who were not
20th December
233A.[26] eligible for appointment
1966
under article 233.
Amendment needed to
overcome the effect of
judgment invalidating
appointments of certain
judges in the state of
Uttar Pradesh.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Amend schedule 10 April Include Sindhi as an Indira

21st
8.[27] 1967 official language. Gandhi
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Provision to form V. V. Giri

Amend article 275. 25
Autonomous states
22nd Insert articles September
within the State of
244A and 371B.[28] 1969
Assam.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Discontinued reservation
of seats for the
Scheduled Tribes in
Nagaland, both in the Lok
Sabha and the State
Legislative Assembly and
stipulated that not more
Amend articles than one Anglo-Indian
23 January
23rd 330, 332, 333 and could be nominated by
[29]
1970
334. the Governor to any State
Legislative Assembly.
Extend reservation for
SCs and STs and Anglo
Indian members in the
Lok Sabha and State
Assemblies for another
ten years, i.e. up to 1980.
Enable parliament to
5
Amend articles 13 dilute fundamental rights
24th [30]
November
and 368. through amendments to
1971
the constitution.
25th Amend article 31. 8 December Restrict property rights

Insert article 1971 and compensation in
[31]
31C. case the state takes over
private property.
However, the Supreme

Court quashed a part of
Article 31C (4) to the
extent it took away the
power of judicial review.
This was done in the
landmark case of
Kesavananda Bharati v.
State of Kerala (1973) 4
SCC 225 which for the
Enforced Prime
since Minister
first time enunciated the

Basic structure doctrine.
Amend article 366. Abolition of privy purse

Insert article 28 paid to former rulers of
26th 363A. December princely states which
Remove articles 1971 were incorporated into the
291 and 362.[32] Indian Republic.
(i)30
Amend articles Reorganisation of
December
239A and 240. Mizoram into a Union
27th 1971 & (ii)
Insert articles Territory with a legislature
15 February
239B and 371C.[33] and council of ministers.
1972[6]
Rationalise Civil Service

Insert article
rules to make it uniform
312A. 29 August
28th across those appointed
Remove article 1972
prior to Independence and
314.[34]
post independence.
Place land reform acts

Amend schedule 9 June and amendments to these
29th
9.[35] 1972 act under Schedule 9 of
the constitution.
Change the basis for

appeals in Supreme Court
of India in case of Civil
Amend article 9 June
30th Suits from value criteria
133.[36] 1972
to one involving
substantial question of
law.
31st Amend articles 81, 17 October Increase size of

330 and 332.[37] 1973 Parliament from 525 to
545 seats. Increased
seats going to the new
states formed in North
East India and minor
Enforced Prime
since Minister
adjustment consequent
to 1971 Delimitation
exercise.
Protection of regional
rights in Telangana and
Andhra regions of State
of Andhra Pradesh.
Supreme Court in P.
Sambamurthy v. State of
Andhra Pradesh (https://m
Amend article 371. ain.sci.gov.in/jonew/judi

Insert articles s/8854.pdf) 1987 SCC
32nd 371D and 371E. 1 July 1974 (1) 362 held clause (3)
Amend schedule and (5) along with its
7.[38] Proviso of Article 371D as
unconstitutional and void.
It was found to be
violative of basic
structure doctrine,
against the concept of
justice and the principle
of the rule of law.[39]
Prescribes procedure for

resignation by members
of parliament and state
Amend articles 19 May legislatures and the
33rd
101 and 190.[40] 1974 procedure for verification
and acceptance of
resignation by house
speaker.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Place land reform acts Fakhruddin Ali

7
Amend schedule and amendments to these Ahmed
34th September
9.[41] act under Schedule 9 of
1974
the constitution.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Amend articles 80
Terms and Conditions for
and 81.
1 March the Incorporation of
35th Insert article 2A.
1975 Sikkim into the Union of
Insert schedule
India.
10.[42]
Amend articles 80
and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Formation of Sikkim as a
Remove article 2A. 26 April
36th State within the Indian
Amend schedules 1975
Union.
1 and 4.
Remove schedule
10.[43]
Formation of Arunachal
Amend articles
37th 3 May 1975 Pradesh legislative
239A and 240.[44]
assembly.
Amend articles
Enhances the powers of
123, 213, 239B, 1 August
38th President and Governors
352, 356, 359 and 1975
to pass ordinances.
360.[45]
39th Amend articles 71 10 August Amendment designed to

and 329. 1975 negate the judgement of
Insert article Allahabad HC in State of
329A. Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain
Amend schedule 1975 SCR (3) 333
9.[46] invalidating PM Indira
Gandhi's election to
parliament. Amendment
placed restrictions on
judicial scrutiny of post of
Prime Minister.[47]
Later, clauses (4) and (5)

of Article 329A were
struck down by the
Supreme Court in Indira
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain

(https://main.sci.gov.in/ju
dgment/judis/21398.pd
f) 1976 (2) SCR 347, for
being in violation of basic
structure.
Enable Parliament to
make laws with respect to
Exclusive Economic Zone
and vest the mineral
Amend article 297. wealth with Union of
27 May
40th Amend schedule India.
1976
9.[48]
Place land reform & other
acts and amendments to
these act under Schedule
9 of the constitution.
Raise Retirement Age

Limit of Chairmen and
7 Members of Joint Public
Amend article
41st September Service Commissions and
316.[49]
1976 State Public Service
Commissions from sixty
to sixty two.
42nd Amend articles 31, 3 January, 1 Amendment passed

31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, February & during internal emergency
81, 82, 83, 100, 1 April by Indira Gandhi. Provides
102, 103, 105, 118, 1977[6] for curtailment of
145, 150, 166, 170, fundamental rights,
172, 189, 191, 192, imposes fundamental
194, 208, 217, 225, duties and changes to the
226, 227, 228, 311, basic structure of the
312, 330, 352, 353, constitution by making
356, 357, 358, 359, India a "Sovereign
366, 368 and 371F.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Insert articles 31D, Socialist Secular

32A, 39A, 43A, Democratic Republic".
48A, 131A, 139A,
However, the Supreme
144A, 226A, 228A
Court, in Minerva Mills v.
and 257A.
Union of India 1980 SCC
Insert parts 4A (3) 625, quashed the
and 14A. amendments to Articles
Amend schedule 31C and 368 as it was in
[50]
7.
contravention with the
basic structure of the
Constitution.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Amendment passed after

Amend articles
revocation of internal
145, 226, 228 and
emergency in the Country.
366.
13 April Repeals some of the
43rd Remove articles
1978 more 'Anti-Freedom'
31D, 32A, 131A,
amendments enacted
144A, 226A and
through Amendment Bill
228A.[51]
42.
Amend articles 19,

22, 30, 31A, 31C,
38, 71, 74, 77, 83,
103, 105, 123, 132, Amendment passed after
133, 134, 139A, revocation of internal Morarji
150, 166, 172, 192, emergency in the Country. Desai
194, 213, 217, 225,
Provides for human rights
226, 227, 239B, 20 June, 1
safeguards and Neelam
329, 352, 356, 358, August & 6
44th mechanisms to prevent Sanjiva Reddy
359, 360 and 371F. September
abuse of executive and
[6]
Insert articles 1979
legislative authority.
134A and 361A.
Annuls some
Remove articles
Amendments enacted in
31, 257A and
Amendment Bill 42.
329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule
9.[52]
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Extend reservation for Indira

SCs and STs and Gandhi
nomination of Anglo
Amend article 25 January
45th Indian members in
334.[53] 1980
Parliament and State
ten years i.e. up to 1990.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Amend articles Amendment to negate Zail Singh

269, 286 and 366. 2 February judicial pronouncements
46th
Amend schedule 1983 on scope and applicability
7.[54] on Sales Tax.
Enforced Prime
since Minister

Amend schedule 26 August and amendments to these
47th
the constitution.
Article 356 amended to

Amend article permit President's rule up
48th 1 April 1985
356.[56] to two years in the state
of Punjab.
Recognise Tripura as a
Amend article 244. 11 tribal state and enable the
49th Amend schedules September creation of a Tripura
5 and 6.[57] 1984 Tribal Areas Autonomous
District Council.
Technical Amendment to
curtailment of
Fundamental Rights as
11 per Part III as prescribed
Amend article
50th September in Article 33 to cover
33.[58]
1984 Security Personnel
protecting property and
communication
infrastructure.
Provide reservation to
Scheduled Tribes in
Nagaland, Meghalaya,
Amend articles 16 June Mizoram and Arunachal
51st
330 and 332.[59] 1986 Pradesh in Loksabha,
similarly for Meghalaya
and Arunachal in their
Legislative Assemblies.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Anti Defection Law – Rajiv

Provide disqualification of Gandhi
members from parliament
and assembly in case of
defection from one party
to other.
Amend articles However, para 7 of the

101, 102, 190 and 10th Schedule was struck
1 March
52nd 191. down by the Supreme
1985
Insert schedule Court in the case of
10.[60] Kihoto Hollohan v.
Zachillhu (https://main.sci.
gov.in/judgment/judis/124
91.pdf) 1992 SCR (1)
686, for being in
contravention with Article
368 of the Constitution.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Special provision with

Insert article 20 February
53rd respect to the State of
371G.[61] 1986
Mizoram.
Increase the salary of

Chief Justice of India &
Amend articles other Judges and to
125 and 221. provide for determining
54th 1 April 1986
Amend schedule future increases without
2.[62] the need for
constitutional
amendment.
Special powers to
Insert article 20 February Governor consequent to
55th
371H.[63] 1987 formation of state of
Arunachal Pradesh.
Transition provision to
Insert article 30 May
56th enable formation of state
371I.[64] 1987
of Goa.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Provide reservation to R.
Scheduled Tribes in Venkataraman
21
Amend article Nagaland, Meghalaya,
57th September
332.[65] Mizoram and Arunachal
1987
Pradesh Legislative
Assemblies.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Provision to publish
authentic Hindi
Insert article translation of constitution
9 December
58th 394A. as on date and provision
1987
Amend part 22.[66] to publish authentic Hindi
translation of future
amendments.

permit President's rule up
to three years in the state
of Punjab, Articles 352
Amend article 356.
30 March and Article 359A
59th Insert article
1988 amended to permit
359A.[67]
imposing emergency in
state of Punjab or in
specific districts of the
state of Punjab.
Profession Tax increased

20
Amend article from a minimum of Rs.
60th December
276.[68] 250/- to a maximum of
1988
Rs. 2500/-.
Amend article 28 March Reduce age for voting

61st
326.[69] 1989 rights from 21 to 18.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Extend reservation for

SCs and STs and
nomination of Anglo
62nd Indian members in
334.[70] 1990
Emergency powers
Amend article 356. applicable to State of
6 January
63rd Remove article Punjab, accorded in
1990
359A.[71] Article 359A as per
amendment 59 repealed.

permit President's rule up
Amend article 16 April
64th to three years and six
356.[72] 1990
months in the state of
Punjab.
National Commission for V. P. Singh

Amend article 12 March Scheduled Tribes formed
65th
338.[73] 1992[6] and its statutory powers
specified in The
Constitution.

Amend schedule 7 June and amendments to these
66th
the constitution.

Amend article 4 October permit President's rule up
67th [75]
356. 1990 to four years in the state
of Punjab.

Amend article 12 March permit President's rule up
68th [76]
356. 1991 to five years in the state
of Punjab.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
To provide for a P. V.
legislative assembly and Narasimha
Insert articles
1 February council of ministers for Rao
69th 239AA and
1992[6] National Capital Territory
239AB.[77]
of Delhi. Delhi continues
to be a Union Territory.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Include National Capital

Territory of Delhi and
21
Amend articles 54 Union Territory of
70th December
and 239AA.[78] Pondicherry in Electoral
1991
College for presidential
election.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Include Konkani, Manipuri

Amend schedule 31 August
71st and Nepali as official
8.[79] 1992
languages.
Provide reservation to
Amend article 5 December Scheduled Tribes in
72nd
332.[80] 1992 Tripura State Legislative
Assembly.
Statutory provisions for

Insert part 9.
24 April Panchyat Raj as third level
73rd Insert schedule
1992 of administration in
11.[81]
villages.
Statutory provisions for

Insert part 9A , Local Administrative
insert schedule 12 1 June bodies as third level of
74th
, amend article 1992 administration in urban
280.[82] areas such as towns and
Shankar Dayal
cities.
Sharma
Amend article 15 May Provisions for setting up
75th
323B.[83] 1994 Rent Control Tribunals.
Enable continuance of
69% reservation in Tamil
Amend schedule 31 August Nadu by including the
76th
9.[84] 1994 relevant Tamil Nadu Act
under 9th Schedule of the
constitution.
A technical amendment
Amend article 17 June to protect reservation to
77th
16.[85] 1995 SCs and STs Employees
in promotions.

Amend schedule 30 August and amendments to these
78th
the constitution.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Extend reservation for Atal Bihari K. R.

SCs and STs and Vajpayee Narayanan
nomination of Anglo
79th Indian members in
334.[87] 2000
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Implement Tenth Finance

Commission
Amend articles
recommendation to
269 and 270. 9 June
80th simplify the tax structures
Remove article 2000
by pooling and sharing all
272.[88]
taxes between states and
the centre.
Protect SCs and STs

Amend article 9 June
81st reservation in filling
16.[89] 2000
backlog of vacancies.
Permit relaxation of
qualifying marks and
8
Amend article other criteria in
82nd September
335.[90] reservation in promotion
2000
for SCs and STs
candidates.
Exempt Arunachal
8 Pradesh from reservation
Amend article
83rd September for Scheduled Castes in
243M.[91]
2000 Panchayati Raj
institutions.
Extend the usage of 1971

Amend articles 55, national census
21 February
84th 81, 82, 170, 330 population figures for
2002
and 332.[92] statewise distribution of
parliamentary seats.
A technical amendment
to protect Consequential
85th seniority in case of
16.[93] 2002
promotions of SCs and
STs Employees.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Amend articles 45 A. P. J. Abdul

12 Provides Right to
and 51A. Kalam
86th December Education until the age of
Insert article
2002 fourteen.
21A.[94]
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Extend the usage of 2001

Amend articles 81, national census
22 June
87th 82, 170 and population figures for
2003
330.[95] statewise distribution of
parliamentary seats.
Amend article 270.

Insert article To extend statutory cover
15 January
88th 268A. for levy and utilisation of
2004
Amend schedule Service Tax.
7.[96]
The National Commission

for Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes was
Amend article 338. 28
bifurcated into The
89th Insert article September
National Commission for
338A.[97] 2003
The National Commission
for Scheduled Tribes.
28 Reservation in Assam
Amend article
90th September Assembly relating to
332.[98]
2003 Bodoland Territory Area.
Amend articles 75 Restrict the size of

and 164. council of ministers to
1 January
91st Insert article 361B. 15% of legislative
2004
Amend schedule members & to strengthen
10.[99] Anti Defection laws.
Include Bodo, Dogri,

Amend schedule 7 January
92nd Santali and Mathili as
8.[100] 2003
official languages.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
To enable provision of Manmohan

reservation (27%) for Singh
Other Backward
93rd Class(OBCs) in
15.[101] 2006
government as well as
private educational
institutions.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
To provide for a Minister

of Tribal Welfare in newly
Amend article 12 June created Jharkhand and
94th
164.[102] 2006 Chhattisgarh States
including Madhya
Pradesh and Orissa.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
To extend the reservation

of seats for SCs and STs
Amend article 25 January and Anglo-Indian in the
95th
334.[103] 2010 Lok Sabha and states
assemblies from Sixty
years to Seventy years.
23
Amend schedule Substituted "Odia" in the
96th [104]
September
8. place of "Oriya".
2011
Added the words "or co-

operative societies" after
the word "or unions" in
Article 19(l)(c) and
insertion of article 43B
i.e., Promotion of Co-
operative Societies and
added Part-IXB i.e., The
Co-operative Societies. In Pratibha Patil
July 2021 Supreme Court
Struck Part of the
amendment as it was not
Amend Art 19 and ratified by the states.[106]
12 January
97th added Art 43B and
2012 The amendment objective
Part IXB.[105]
is to encourage economic
activities of cooperatives
which in turn help
progress of rural India. It
is expected to not only
ensure autonomous and
democratic functioning of
cooperatives, but also the
accountability of the
management to the
members and other
stakeholders.[107]
Enforced Prime
since Minister
To empower the Governor Pranab

To insert Article of Karnataka to take Mukherjee
1 January
98th 371J in the steps to develop the
2013
Constitution[108] Hyderabad-Karnataka
Region.[108]
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Formation of a National Narendra

Judicial Appointments Modi
Commission. 16 State
assemblies out of 29
Insertion of new States including Goa,
articles 124A, 13 April Rajasthan, Tripura,
124B and 124C. 2015[110] Gujarat and Telangana
99th Amendments to Repealed ratified the Central
Articles 127, 128, 16 October Legislation, enabling the
217, 222, 224A, 2015 President of India to give
[109]
231. assent to the bill.[111] The
amendment was struck
down by the Supreme
Court on 16 October
2015.
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Exchange of certain
enclave territories with
Bangladesh and
conferment of citizenship
Amendment of
31 July rights to residents of
100th First Schedule to
2015 enclaves consequent to
Constitution[112]
signing of Land Boundary
Agreement (LBA) Treaty
between India and
Bangladesh.
Addition of articles
246A, 269A, 279A.
Deletion of Article
268A.
Amendment of
Introduced the Goods and
101st articles 248, 249, 1 July 2017
Services Tax.
250, 268, 269, 270,
271, 286, 366, 368,
Sixth Schedule,
Seventh
Schedule.[113]
Enforced Prime
since Minister
Addition of articles Ram Nath

338B, 342A, and Kovind
Added Clause
Constitutional status to
26C. 11 August
102nd National Commission for
2018
Modification of Backward Classes
articles 338,
366.[114]
Enforced Prime
since Minister
A maximum of 10%
Reservation for
Economically Weaker
Sections (EWSs) of
citizens of classes other
Amendment to than the classes
Article 15, added mentioned in clauses (4)
Clause [6], and (5) of Article 15, i.e.
12 January
103rd Classes other than
Amendment to 2019
socially and educationally
Article 16, added
backward classes of
Clause [6].[115]
citizens or the Scheduled
Castes and the Scheduled
Tribes. Inserted Clause [6]
under Article 15 as well
as Inserted Clause [6]
under Article 16.
To extend the reservation

of seats for SCs and STs
in the Lok Sabha and
states assemblies from
Seventy years to Eighty
104th years. Removed the
334.[116] 2020
reserved seats for the
Anglo-Indian community
in the Lok Sabha and
state assemblies by not
extending it further.[117]
105th Amended Article 10 August To restore the power of

338B, 342A and 2021 the state governments to
366[118] identify Other Backward
Classes (OBCs) that are
socially and educationally
backward. This
amendment annulled the
Supreme Court
Enforced Prime
since Minister
judgement of 11 May
2021, which had
empowered only the
Central government for
such identification.[119]
To reserve one-third of
the seats in the Lok
Amended article Sabha(330A), state
239AA. legislative
29
assemblies(332A) and Droupadi
106th Insertion of September
Delhi Legislative Murmu
articles 330A, 2023[120]
Assembly(239AA) for
332A, 334A.
women for a period for 15
years after coming effect.
(334A)
See also
The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023
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External links
Pykih Data Visualization of Constitutional Amendments (http://constitution-of-india.pykih.co

m/)
Know The Genesis of 103rd Constitutional Amendment (http://abclive.in/103rd-constitutional-

amendment/)

List of Amendments of The Constitution of India - Wikipedia

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Added special provision Jawaharlal Rajendra

Removed the upper

Amend articles 31, Restrictions on property

5th Amend article 24 Empowered the President

existing States. Also

Extended the period of

9th Amend schedule 28 Minor adjustments to

1960 consequent to agreement

Election of Vice President

Formation of State of Sarvepalli

Make it obligatory for

Abolish Election Tribunals

Indemnify & validate

passed by judges and to Bahadur

validate the appointment, Shastri

Amend schedule 10 April Include Sindhi as an Indira

Provision to form V. V. Giri

25th Amend article 31. 8 December Restrict property rights

However, the Supreme

first time enunciated the

Amend article 366. Abolition of privy purse

Rationalise Civil Service

Place land reform acts

Change the basis for

31st Amend articles 81, 17 October Increase size of

Amend article 371. ain.sci.gov.in/jonew/judi

Prescribes procedure for

Place land reform acts Fakhruddin Ali

39th Amend articles 71 10 August Amendment designed to

Later, clauses (4) and (5)

Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain

Raise Retirement Age

42nd Amend articles 31, 3 January, 1 Amendment passed

Insert articles 31D, Socialist Secular

Amendment passed after

Amend articles 19,

Extend reservation for Indira

Amend articles Amendment to negate Zail Singh

Place land reform acts

Article 356 amended to

Anti Defection Law – Rajiv

Amend articles However, para 7 of the

Special provision with

Increase the salary of

Article 356 amended to

Profession Tax increased

Amend article 28 March Reduce age for voting

Extend reservation for

Article 356 amended to

National Commission for V. P. Singh

Place land reform acts

Article 356 amended to

Article 356 amended to

Include National Capital

Include Konkani, Manipuri

Statutory provisions for

Statutory provisions for

Place land reform acts

Extend reservation for Atal Bihari K. R.

Implement Tenth Finance

Protect SCs and STs

Extend the usage of 1971