As of January 2020, there have been 104 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.

There are two types of amendments to the Constitution of India which are governed by Article 368.

 The first type includes amendments that can be effected by Parliament of India by a prescribed ‘special majority’;
and
 The second type of amendments includes those that require, in addition to such "special majority", ratification by
at least one half of the State Legislatures. The second type amendments that are made to the constitution are
amendments # 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 54, 61, 62,
70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99, 101, 102, 103 and 104.

List of amendments of the Constitution of India

Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Added special provision for the

advancement of any socially and
educationally backward classes or for
15, 19, 85, 87, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
174, 176, 341, Tribes (SCs and STs). To fully secure the
342, 372 and constitutional validity of zamindari abolition
376. 10 May laws and to place reasonable restriction on
1st
Insert articles 1951 freedom of speech. A new constitutional
31A and 31B. device, called Schedule 9 introduced to
Insert schedule protect against laws that are contrary to the
9. Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental
rights. These laws encroach upon property
rights, freedom of speech and equality
before law.

Removed the upper population limit for a

Amend article
2nd 1 May 1953 parliamentary constituency by amending
81(1)(b).
Article 81(1)(b). Jawaharlal
Rajendra Prasad
Nehru

Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent

List in the Seventh Schedule with relation to
include trade and commerce in, and the
production, supply and distribution of four
Amend 22
classes of essential commodities, viz.,
3rd February
foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and
schedule 7 1955
oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and
other concentrates; raw cotton whether
ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and
raw jute.

Amend articles
31, 35 band Restrictions on property rights and
27 April
4th 305. inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the
1955
Amend constitution.
schedule 9.

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Empowered the President to prescribe a

time limit for a State Legislature to convey
its views on proposed Central laws relating
to the formation of new States and alteration
24
of areas, boundaries or names of
5th Amend article 3 December
existing States. Also permitted the President
1955
to extend the prescribed limit, and
prohibited any such bill from being
introduced in Parliament until after the
expiry of the prescribed or extended period.

Amend articles
11
269 and 286. Amend the Union List and State List with
6th September
Amend respect to raising of taxes.
1956
schedule 7.

Amend articles
1, 3, 49, 80, 81,
82, 131, 153,
158, 168, 170,
171, 216, 217,
220, 222, 224,
230, 231 and
232. 1 Re-organisation of states on linguistic lines,
7th Insert articles November abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and
258A, 290A, 1956 introduction of Union territories.
298, 350A,
350B, 371, 372A
and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend
schedules 1, 2,
4 and 7.

Extended the period of reservation of seats

for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Amend article 5 January
8th Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok
334. 1960
Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies
till 1970.

Minor adjustments to territory of Indian

28
Amend Union consequent to agreement with
9th December
schedule 1. Pakistan for settlement of disputes by
1960
demarcation of border villages, etc.

Incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli as

Amend article 11 August
10th a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition
240. 1961
from Portugal.
Amend

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

schedule 1.

Election of Vice President by Electoral

College consisting of members of both
Houses of Parliament, instead of election by
19
Amend articles a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the
11th December
66 and 71. President and Vice President Election
1961
procedure from challenge on grounds of
existence of any vacancies in the electoral
college.

Amend article
20 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a
240.
12th December Union Territory, consequent to acquisition
Amend
1961 from Portugal.
schedule 1.

Amend article
1
170. Formation of State of Nagaland, with special
13th December
Insert new protection under Article 371A.
1963
article 371A.

Amend articles
81 and 240.
Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union
Insert article 28
of India and creation of Legislative
14th 239A. December
Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura,
Amend 1962
Manipur and Goa.
schedules 1
and 4.

Amend articles
124, 128, 217, Sarvepalli
222, 224, 226, Radhakrishnan
Raise retirement age of High Court judges
297, 311 and
5 October from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments
15th 316.
1963 for rationalising interpretation of rules
Insert article
regarding judges etc.
224A.
Amend
schedule 7.

Amend articles Make it obligatory for seekers of public

19, 84 and 173. 5 October office to swear their allegiance to the Indian
16th
Amend 1963 Republic and prescribe the various obligtory
schedule 3. templates.

Amend article 20 June To secure the constitutional validity of

17th
31A. 1964 acquisition of Estates and place land
Amend acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

schedule 9. constitution.

Technical Amendment to include Union

Amend article 27 August
18th Territories in Article 3 and hence permit
3. 1966
reorganisation of Union Territories.

11
Amend article Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial
19th December
324. of election petitions by regular High Courts.
1966
Lal Bahadur
Shastri
Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees,
orders and sentences passed by judges and
to validate the appointment, posting,
22 promotion and transfer of judges barring a
Insert article
20th December few who were not eligible for appointment
233A.
1966 under article 233. Amendment needed to
overcome the effect of judgment invalidating
appointments of certain judges in the state
of Uttar Pradesh.

Amend 10 April
21st Include Sindhi as an official language.
schedule 8. 1967

Amend article
25
275. Provision to form Autonomous states within
22nd September
Insert articles the State of Assam.
1969
244A and 371B.

Discontinued reservation of seats for the

Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the
Lok Sabha and the State Legislative
Assembly and stipulated that not more than
Amend articles Indira
23 January one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by
23rd 330, 332, 333 Gandhi
1970 the Governor to any State Legislative
and 334.
Assembly. Extend reservation for SCs and V. V. Giri
STs and Anglo Indian members in the Lok
Sabha and State Assemblies for another ten
years, i.e. up to 1980.

5 Enable parliament to dilute fundamental

Amend articles
24th November rights through amendments to the
13 and 368.
1971 constitution.

Amend article 20 April Restrict property rights and compensation

25th
31. 1972 in case the state takes over private property.
Insert article However, the Supreme Court quashed a part

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

31C. of Article 31C, to the extent it took away the

power of judicial review. This was done in
the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati
v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225 which for
the first time enunciated the Basic structure
doctrine.

Amend article
366.
Insert article 28 Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers
26th 363A. December of princely states which were incorporated
Remove 1971 into the Indian Republic.
articles 291 and
362.

Amend articles
15 Re-organisation of Mizoram into a Union
239A and 240.
27th February Territory with a legislature and council of
Insert articles
1972 ministers.
239B and 371C.

Insert article
Rationalise Civil Service rules to make it
312A. 29 August
28th uniform across those appointed prior to
Remove article 1972
Independence and post-independence.
314.

Place land reform acts and amendments to

Amend 9 June
29th these act under Schedule 9 of the
schedule 9. 1972
constitution.

Change the basis for appeals in Supreme

27
Amend article Court of India in case of Civil Suits from
30th February
133. value criteria to one involving substantial
1973
question of law.

Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545

Amend articles 17 October
31st
81, 330 and 332. 1973
seats. Increased seats going to the new
states formed in North East India and minor
adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation
exercise.

Amend article
371. Protection of regional rights in Telangana
32nd Insert 1 July 1974 and Andhra regions of State of Andhra
articles 371D an Pradesh.
d 371E.
Amend

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

schedule 7.

Prescribes procedure for resignation by

members of parliament and state
Amend articles 19 May
33rd legislatures and the procedure for
101 and 190. 1974
verification and acceptance of resignation
by house speaker.

7 Place land reform acts and amendments to

Amend
34th September these act under Schedule 9 of the
schedule 9.
1974 constitution.

Amend articles
80 and 81.
Insert article 1 March Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation
35th
2A. 1975 of Sikkim into the Union of India.
Insert schedule
10.

Amend articles
80 and 81.
Insert article
371F.
Remove article
26 April Formation of Sikkim as a State within the
36th 2A.
1975 Indian Union.
Amend
schedules 1
and 4. Fakhruddin Ali
Remove Ahmed
schedule 10.

Amend articles Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative

37th 3 May 1975
239A and 240. assembly.

Amend articles
123, 213, 239B, 1 June Enhances the powers of President and
38th
352, 356, 359 1975 Governors to pass ordinances.
and 360.

Amendment designed to negate the

Amend articles
judgement of Allahabad High Court
71 and 329.
invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's
Insert article 10 August
39th election to parliament. Amendment placed
329A. 1975
restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of
Amend
Prime Minister. The amendment was
schedule 9.
introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha on
August 7, 1975 and again introduced and

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

passed in the Rajya Sabha on August 8,

1975. As many as 17 State Assemblies,
summoned on Saturday, August 9 ratified
this amendment and President Fakhruddin
Ali Ahmad gave his assent on Sunday,
August 10 and the civil servants issued
gazette notification on Sunday, August 10,
1975. As a consequence of this amendment
to the Constitution of India, Supreme Court
of India's scheduled hearing on August 11,
1975 of Petition challenging Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi's election became infructuous.

Later however, Article 329A was struck

down by the Supreme Court in case of State
of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 1976 (2) SCR
347, for being in violation of basic structure.

Enable Parliament to make laws with respect

to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the
Amend article
mineral wealth with Union of India.
297. 27 May
40th
Amend 1976 Place land reform & other acts and
schedule 9 amendments to these act under Schedule 9
of the constitution.

Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and

7
Amend article Members of Joint Public Service
41st September
316. Commissions and State Public Service
1976
Commissions from sixty to sixty two.
Amend articles
31, 31C, 39, 55,
74, 77, 81, 82,
83, 100, 102,
103, 105, 118,
145, 150, 166,
170, 172, 189,
Amendment passed during internal
191, 192, 194,
emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for
208, 217, 225,
curtailment of fundamental rights,
226, 227, 228,
imposes fundamental duties and changes to
311, 312, 330,
the basic structure of the constitution by
352, 353, 356, 2
making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic.
42nd 357, 358, 359, November
366, 368 and 1976 However, the Supreme Court, in Minerva
371F. Mills v. Union of India, quashed the
Insert articles amendments to Articles 31C and 368 as it
31D, 32A, 39A, was in contravention with the basic
43A, 48A, 131A, structure of the Constitution.
139A, 144A,
226A, 228A and
257A.
Insert parts 4A
and 14A.
Amend
schedule 7.
Amend articles 13 April Amendment passed after revocation of Morarji Neelam Sanjiva
43rd
145, 226, 228 1978 internal emergency in the Country. Repeals Desai Reddy

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

and 366. some of the more 'Anti-Freedom'

Remove amendments enacted through Amendment
articles 31D, Bill 42.
32A, 131A,
144A, 226A and
228A.
Amend articles
19, 22, 30, 31A,
31C, 38, 71, 74,
77, 83, 103, 105,
123, 132, 133,
134, 139A, 150,
166, 172, 192,
194, 213, 217, Amendment passed after revocation of
225, 226, 227, internal emergency in the Country. Provides
6
239B, 329, 352, for human rights safeguards and
44th September
356, 358, 359, mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive
1978
360 and 371F. and legislative authority. Annuls some
Insert articles Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42.
134A and 361A.
Remove
articles 31,
257A and 329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend
schedule 9.
Extend reservation for SCs and STs and
Amend article 25 January nomination of Anglo Indian members in
45th
334. 1980 Parliament and State Assemblies for another
ten years i.e. up to 1990.
Amend articles
269, 286 and Amendment to negate judicial
2 February
46th 366. pronouncements on scope and applicability
1983
Amend on Sales Tax.
schedule 7.
Place land reform acts and amendments to
Amend 26 August
47th these act under Schedule 9 of the
schedule 9. 1984
constitution.
Amend article 26 August Article 356 amended to permit President's
48th
356. 1984 rule up to two years in the state of Punjab. Indira
Gandhi
Amend article
244. 11 Recognise Tripura as a tribal state and Zail Singh
49th Amend September enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas
schedules 5 1984 Autonomous District Council.
and 6.
Technical Amendment to curtailment of
11 Fundamental Rights as per Part III as
Amend article
50th September prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security
33.
1984 Personnel protecting property and
communication infrastructure.
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in
Amend articles 29 April Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and
51st
330 and 332. 1984 Arunachal Pradesh in Loksabha, similarly
for Meghalaya and Arunachal in their
An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Legislative Assemblies.
Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification
of members from parliament and assembly
Amend articles in case of defection from one party to other.
101, 102, 190 15 However, parts of the 10th Schedule to the
52nd and 191. February Constitution of India was struck down by the
Insert schedule 1985 Supreme Court in the case of Kihoto
10. Hollohan v. Zachillhu 1992 SCR (1) 686, for
being in contravention with Article 368 of the
Constitution.
20
Insert article Special provision with respect to the State of
53rd February
371G. Mizoram.
1986
Amend articles Increase the salary of Chief Justice of
125 and 221. 1 April India & other Judges and to provide for
54th
Amend 1986 determining future increases without the
schedule 2. need for constitutional amendment.
20
Insert article Special powers to Governor consequent to
55th February
371H. formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh.
1987
Insert article 30 May Transition provision to enable formation of Rajiv
56th Gandhi
371I. 1987 state of Goa.
21 Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in
Amend article
57th September Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and
332.
1987 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies.
Provision to publish authentic Hindi
Insert article 9
translation of constitution as on date and
58th 394A. December
provision to publish authentic Hindi
Amend part 22. 1987
translation of future amendments.
Article 356 amended to permit President's
Amend article rule up to three years in the state of Punjab,
356. 30 March Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to
59th
Insert article 1988 permit imposing emergency in state of
359A. Punjab or in specific districts of the state of
Punjab.
20
Amend article Profession Tax increased from a minimum R.
60th December
276. of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-. Venkataraman
1988
Amend article 28 March
61st Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18.
326. 1989
Extend reservation for SCs and STs and
20
Amend article nomination of Anglo Indian members in
62nd December
334. Parliament and State Assemblies for another
1989
ten years i.e. up to 2000.
Amend article
Emergency powers applicable to State of
356. 6 January V. P. Singh
63rd Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per
Remove article 1990
amendment 59 repealed.
359A.
Article 356 amended to permit President's
Amend article 16 April
64th rule up to three years and six months in the
356. 1990
state of Punjab.

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

National Commission for Scheduled Castes

Amend article 12 March and Scheduled Tribes formed and its
65th
338. 1990 statutory powers specified in The
Constitution.
Place land reform acts and amendments to
Amend 7 June
66th these act under Schedule 9 of the
schedule 9. 1990
constitution.
Amend article 4 October Article 356 amended to permit President's
67th
356. 1990 rule up to four years in the state of Punjab.
Amend article 12 March Article 356 amended to permit President's
68th
356. 1991 rule up to five years in the state of Punjab.
To provide for a legislative assembly and
Insert articles
1 February council of ministers for National Capital
69th 239AA and
1990 Territory of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a
239AB.
Union Territory.
21 Include National Capital Territory of Delhi
Amend articles
70th December and Union Territory of Pondicherry
54 and 239AA.
1991 in Electoral College for Presidential election.
Amend 31 August Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as
71st
schedule 8. 1992 official languages.
5
Amend article Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in
72nd December
332. Tripura State Legislative Assembly.
1992
24 April Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as
73rd Insert part 9.
1992 third level of administration in villages.
P. V.
Statutory provisions for Local Narasimha
Insert part 9A,
1 June Administrative bodies as third level of Rao
74th amend article
1992 administration in urban areas such as towns
280.
and cities.
Shankar Dayal
Amend article 15 May Provisions for setting up Rent Control Sharma
75th
323B. 1994 Tribunals.
Enable continuance of 69% reservation in
Amend 31 August Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil
76th
schedule 9. 1994 Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the
constitution.
A technical amendment to protect
Amend article 17 June
77th reservation to SCs and STs Employees in
16. 1995
promotions.
Place land reform acts and amendments to
Amend 30 August
78th these act under Schedule 9 of the
schedule 9. 1995
constitution.
Extend reservation for SCs and STs and
Amend article 25 January nomination of Anglo Indian members in
79th
334. 2000 Parliament and State Assemblies for another
ten years i.e. up to 2010.
Atal Bihari
Amend articles Implement Tenth Finance Commission K. R. Narayanan
Vajpayee
269 and 270. 9 June recommendation to simplify the tax
80th
Remove article 2000 structures by pooling and sharing all taxes
272. between states and The Centre.
81st Amend article 9 June Protect SCs and STs reservation in filling

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

16. 2000 backlog of vacancies.

8 Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and
Amend article
82nd September other criteria in reservation in promotion for
335.
2000 SCs and STs candidates.
8 Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation
Amend article
83rd September for Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj
243M.
2000 institutions.
Amend articles 21 Extend the usage of 1971 national census
84th 55, 81, 82, 170, February population figures for statewise distribution
330 and 332. 2002 of parliamentary seats.
A technical amendment to protect
Amend article 4 January
85th Consequential seniority in case of
16. 2002
promotions of SCs and STs Employees.
Amend articles
12 Provides Right to Education until the age of
45 and 51A.
86th December fourteen and Early childhood care until the
Insert article
2002 age of six.
21A.
Amend articles Extend the usage of 2001 national census
22 June
87th 81, 82, 170 and population figures for statewise distribution
2003
330. of parliamentary seats.
Amend article
270.
Insert article 15 January To extend statutory cover for levy and
88th
268A. 2004 utilisation of Service Tax.
Amend
schedule 7.
The National Commission for Scheduled
Amend article
28 Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated
338.
89th September into The National Commission for Scheduled
Insert article
2003 Castes and The National Commission for
338A.
Scheduled Tribes.
A. P. J. Abdul
28
Amend article Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Kalam
90th September
332. Bodoland Territory Area.
2003
Amend articles
75 and 164.
Restrict the size of council of ministers to
Insert article 1 January
91st 15% of legislative members & to strengthen
361B. 2004
Anti Defection laws.
Amend
schedule 10.
Amend 7 January Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Mathili as
92nd
schedule 8. 2004 official languages.
To enable provision of reservation (27%)
Amend article 20 January for Other Backward Class (OBCs) in
93rd
15. 2006 government as well as private educational
institutions.
Manmohan
To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in
Singh
Amend article 12 June newly created Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
94th
164. 2006 States including Madhya Pradesh and
Orissa.
95th Amend article 25 January To extend the reservation of seats for SCs Pratibha Patil

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

334 2010 and STs and Anglo-Indian in the Lok Sabha

and states assemblies from Sixty years to
Seventy years.
23
Amend
96th September Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya".
schedule 8.
2011
Added the words "or co-operative societies"
after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c)
and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of
Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB
i.e., The Co-operative Societies.
Amend Art 19 The amendment objective is to encourage
12 January
97th and added Part economic activities of cooperatives which in
2012
IXB. turn help progress of rural India. It is
expected to not only ensure autonomous
and democratic functioning of cooperatives,
but also the accountability of the
management to the members and other
stakeholders.

To insert Article To empower the Governor of Karnataka to

2 January
98th 371J in the take steps to develop the Hyderabad-
2013
Constitution Karnataka Region.
Formation of a National Judicial
Insertion of
Appointments Commission. 16 State
new articles
assemblies out of 29 States
124A, 124B and
including Goa, Rajasthan, Tripura, Gujarat a
124C. 13 April
99th nd Telangana ratified the Central
Amendments to 2015
Legislation, enabling the President of India
Articles 127,
to give assent to the bill. The amendment
128, 217, 222,
was struck down by the Supreme Court on
224A, 231.
16 October 2015.
Exchange of certain enclave
territories with Bangladesh and conferment
Amendment of
1 August of citizenship rights to residents of enclaves
100th First Schedule Pranab
2015 consequent to signing of Land Boundary
to Constitution Mukherjee
Agreement (LBA) Treaty between India and
Bangladesh.
Narendra
Addition of Modi
articles 246A,
269A, 279A.
Deletion of
Article 268A.
Amendment of
101st articles 248, 1 July 2017 Introduced the Goods and Services Tax.
249, 250, 268,
269, 270, 271,
286, 366, 368,
Sixth Schedule,
Seventh
Schedule.

Addition of 11 August Constitutional status to National Ram Nath

102nd
articles 338B, 2018 Commission for Backward Classes Kovind

An initiative by KACP, B. K.
 Enforced Prime
No Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

342A, and
Added Clause
26C.
Omiited Article
340.
Modification of
articles 338,
366.

A maximum of 10% Reservation

Amendment to
for Economically Weaker Sections (EWSs) of
Article 15,
citizens of classes other than the classes
added Clause
mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) of Article
[6],
12 January 15, i.e. Classes other than socially and
103rd
Amendment to 2019 educationally backward classes of citizens
Article 16, or the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled
added Clause Tribes. Inserted Clause [6] under Article 15
[6]. as well as Inserted Clause [6] under Article
16.
To extend the reservation of seats for SCs
and STs in the Lok Sabha and states
Amend article 25 January assemblies from Seventy years to Eighty
104th
334. 2020 years. Removed the reserved seats for the
Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha
and state assemblies.

An initiative by KACP, B. K.