WEEK NO: 16

FOR THE WEEK ENDING TRAINING LOCATION

Sunday 12/11/2023 Tanks
Date

Day BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK CARRIED OUT

2023.11.06
Monday

Studied the water drainage system in tanks which is used to remove accumulated water on top of
the roof of the tanks.
2023.11.07

Studied the necessity of installing heating coils inside storage tanks which stores matter like
Tuesday

bitumen and leaned how the heating coils are used to maintain the temperature inside the storage
tank.
Wednesday

2023.11.08

Studied about gauge pole and calculation method of crude oil height in a storage tank.
2023.11.09
Thursday

Studied about Linings used in storage tanks.

2023.11.10
Friday

Studied about Wind Girders and heat treatment of shell plates

2023.11.11
Saturday

............................................................................ Holiday.......................................................................................................................
2023.11.12
Sunday

............................................................................ Holiday.......................................................................................................................

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 DETAILS AND NOTES OF WORK CARRIED OUT, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERD AND HOW SOLVED
ETC., DIMENSIONS AND SKETCHES TO BE GIVEN WHEREVER POSSIBLE

Water drain system

The water drain system in a tank is designed to remove accumulated water that may have entered the tank due to
various reasons such as condensation or rainwater. It's important to ensure that the water drain system is designed
and installed correctly to prevent any water accumulation issues in the tank.

Heating bitumen tanks

• Heating coils are commonly used to heat the storage and maintain the bitumen at a suitable temperature
for handling and transportation. The process of heating bitumen typically involves the use of steam as the
heating medium.

• Heating coils are installed at the bottom of the bitumen storage tank. These coils are typically made of
steel and are designed in a serpentine shape to cover a significant portion of the tank's inner surface area.
Steam is then supplied to the heating coils through insulated pipes.

• Steam circulates through the heating coils, transferring its heat energy to the surrounding bitumen. As the
steam flows through the coils, it releases its latent heat, which is absorbed by the bitumen. This heat
transfer process raises the temperature of the bitumen within the tank.

• To ensure that the bitumen remains at the desired temperature, the flow of steam to the coils is controlled
by a temperature control system. This system monitors the temperature inside the tank and adjusts the
steam flow accordingly to maintain the specified temperature range.

• By using heating coils and steam as the heating medium, bitumen can be stored and transported at the
appropriate temperature, ensuring it remains in a suitable state for various applications, such as road
construction and roofing. Properly heated bitumen is easier to pump, mix, and apply, making it more
manageable in the production and construction processes.
Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023
Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 Tank bottom

The reason for the tank bottom generally thinner than the bottom shell course
• The bottom is a membrane to prevent leaks
• Generally, the bottom is a low stresses area
• Near the bottom-to-shell weld the stresses are higher

Annular Plate: Bottom plate that the shell rests on that has but-joints. Generally, the annular plates form a
donut with the inside edges straight.

Sketch Plate: Bottom plate that the shell rests on that has lap joints. Generally, the sketch plate is the same
thickness as other bottom plates.

Three plate lap: Intersection of right-angle bottom welds. (Three plate thick)
Plate Extension: Part of bottom plate that extends outside the shell.

Gauge pole

A gauge pole, also known as a gauge hatch or gauge column, is a commonly used instrument in crude oil tanks to
visually or manually measure the level of oil in the tank. It typically consists of a vertical column with
measurement markings on it.

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 Linings used in tanks
Linings used in crude oil tanks are protective coatings or linings applied to the interior surfaces of the tank to
prevent corrosion, leaks, and contamination of the stored crude oil.

• Thin-Film Lining
o 20 mils or less in thickness
o Apply 2-3 coats for thin-film systems
o Less expensive than thick-film linings
o Easier to apply than thick-film linings
o Often applied to new bottoms

Disadvantages: Difficult to apply to corroded bottoms or uneven surfaces.

• Thick-Film Lining
o Greater than 20 mils in thickness
o Apply 1-4 coats for thick-film systems
o 35-55 mil thick linings should be used for tank where only internal corrosion is expected
o 80-120 mil thick linings should be used for tanks where internal and external corrosion is expected
o Less susceptible to mechanical damage

Disadvantages: More difficult to inspect the steel bottom after application More expensive than thin film Harder
to install than thin-film More prone to cracking.

Wind Girders

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 Wind girders, also known as wind rings or wind braces, are structural components used in large above-ground
crude oil storage tanks. These girders are designed to enhance the stability and structural integrity of the tank,
particularly in regions prone to strong winds or seismic activity.

Heat treatment of shell plates

Heat treatment of shell plates in industrial storage tanks is an essential post-welding process that helps improve
the structural integrity and properties of the welded joints. This process is particularly crucial for large storage
tanks that are designed to hold liquids or gases under high pressure or at extreme temperatures. The main
objectives of heat treatment are:
• Stress relief
• Hardness control
• Microstructure refinement
• Hydrogen removal

The heat treatment process for storage tank shell plates is typically carried out using the following steps:
• Pre-heating: Before welding, the shell plates may be preheated to a certain temperature to minimize the
temperature difference between the weld zone and the base metal. Preheating helps reduce thermal stresses
during welding.

• Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT): After completing the welding process, the entire welded structure
or specific critical regions may undergo PWHT. This involves heating the tank shell plates to a specific
temperature and holding them at that temperature for a predetermined time. The heating temperature and
holding time depend on the material, thickness, and welding procedure used.

• Cooling: After the holding period, the tank is slowly cooled down to room temperature or a specific
cooling rate, following the heat treatment specifications. This controlled cooling allows the material to
undergo transformation without inducing additional stress.

• Inspection: After heat treatment, the welded joints and the entire tank structure are thoroughly inspected
to ensure that the heat treatment process effectively removed stresses and improved the material
properties.

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 …………………………………
SIGNATURE OF TRAINEE

REMARKS AND CERTIFICATION BY THE ENGINEER / T.O

……………………………
SIGNATURE

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15