WEEK NO: 15

FOR THE WEEK ENDING TRAINING LOCATION

Sunday 05/11/2023 Tanks
Date

Day BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK CARRIED OUT

2023.10.30
Monday

.........................................................Personal leave.........................................................................
2023.10.31
Tuesday

Studied the major parts of tank and their uses. And studied the Firefighting of tank.
Wednesday

2023.11.01

Studied the method of welding tank bottom and welding of tank shell.
2023.11.02
Thursday

Visited to the plant and observed the Tank 59 (crude tank). Also identified its differences and
features compared to the other tanks.
2023.11.03
Friday

Studied the inspection testing method of tanks. And studied the heating system of the tanks.
2023.11.04
Saturday

............................................................................ Holiday.......................................................................................................................
2023.11.05
Sunday

............................................................................ Holiday.......................................................................................................................

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 DETAILS AND NOTES OF WORK CARRIED OUT, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERD AND HOW SOLVED ETC.,
DIMENSIONS AND SKETCHES TO BE GIVEN WHEREVER POSSIBLE

Major parts of Tanks

Wind grad
Maintain tank roundness when a tank is subjected to wind load.

Roof Drain
Roof drain is specifically designed for the removal of rainwater from the roof of storage tank units with floating roofs.

Deck leg
The legs on an oil tank help keep the floating roof stable and secure during tank maintenance and inspection.

Redundant alarm
By providing multiple layers of protection and early warning, redundant alarm systems are essential in maintaining the
safety, environmental integrity, and efficient operation of oil tanks.

Gauge poles
Gauge poles are designed to guide a gauge float or level transmitter to accurately monitor liquid levels.

Pontoon
Floating roof tanks use “pontoons” to create a seal against the tank's wall to help reduce evaporation and prevent the
buildup of dangerous gases that often occur with flammable liquids.

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
Welding in oil tanks
In the construction of oil tanks, two main welding are used, that’s butt welding and Fillet welding.

• Butt welding is used to joint two components along their edges, creating a continuous and leak-proof seam.in
the oil tank construction, butt welding is typically used to join the steel plated that from the tank shell. The edges
of the plates are prepared and welded together to create a strong and secure joint.

• Fillet welding is used to joint structural components, such as the tank shell plates, roof plates, and reinforcing
elements. This type of welding creates a strong joint with a smooth, rounded profile.

Tank welding standard in petroleum industry

API 650- This standard is published by the American petroleum institute and applies to the design, fabrication and
erection of welded steel tanks for the storage of petroleum products. (653-Inspection).

NACE SP0387 – This code is published by the national association of corrosion engineer and provides guidance on the
welding of steel tanks that will be exposed to corrosive environments.

Firefighting
Firefighting in petroleum industry tank farms is a complex and challenging task. The tanks are typically large and contain
flammable liquids, which makes them susceptible to fires. The fire can also spread quickly from one tank to another.

The most common extinguishing agent used for fires in petroleum industry tank farms is foam. Foam forms a blanket
over the fire, cutting off the supply. Water can also be used, but it is not as effective as foam.

• Foam extinguishing systems are the most common type of fire protection system used in tank farms. Form is
created by mixing water with a form concentrate. The foam blanket forms a barrier between the fire and the
oxygen in the air, suffocation the fire.

• Water spray systems can also be used to extinguish fires in tank farms, water sprays can cool the tank walls and
prevent the fire from spreading.

Inspection Testing for tanks

The inspection testing of oil tanks is a critical practice in the energy sector, where the storage and transportation of crude
oil is an essential part of Sapugaskanda oil refinery. Ensuring the structural integrity, safety, and compliance of oil tanks
is paramount, as any failure could lead to environmental disasters and significant economic repercussions. Because of
that inspection was a valuable process.

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
• Liquid penetrant test- Liquid penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method that uses capillary forces
to locate surface-breaking flaws such as cracks, laps and porosity.

• Magnetic particle test- Magnetic particle inspection is an inspection method used to identify defects on the
surface of ferromagnetic materials by running a magnetic current through it. It can also be used to detect defects
just beneath the surface of materials.

• Vacuum box test- Vacuum box testing is a non-destructive examination used when trying to locate weld seam
leaks. A vacuum box and a compressor create a high- or low-pressure vacuum while a detergent solution is
applied to the test area. The detergent bubbles, making leaks visible within the created pressure envelope.

• Tracer gas test- A tracer-gas leak testing method is a nondestructive testing method that detects gas leaks. A
variety of methods with different sensitivities exist. Tracer-gas leak testing is used in the petrochemical
industry.

• Radiographic inspection- Radiographic Testing (RT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method which uses
either x-rays or gamma rays to examine the internal structure of manufactured components identifying any flaws
or defects.

• Gas tight roofs- Gas tightness testing, also called gas leak detection, is a procedure carried out by a qualified
gas engineer. These tests are performed on gas meters by an engineer to determine if gas is flowing correctly and
at the appropriate pressure levels.

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15
 …………………………………
SIGNATURE OF TRAINEE

REMARKS AND CERTIFICATION BY THE ENGINEER / T.O

……………………………
SIGNATURE

Issued No: 4 NAITA/SIT/SUSL/FOT/ BET/2023

Issued Date:22.02.2023
Doc.No : SIT/PL/Fm/15