Stability Design of Articulated Concrete Mattress-Revision 5-Eil Approved in Code1

48 INCHES SUBSEA CRUDE OIL PIPELINE SUPPORT
RECTIFICATION WORKS
STABILITY DESIGN OF ARTICULATED CONCRETE MATTRESS
EIL APPROVED IN
CODE 1
SAUGAT DUTTA,
EIL PROJ MGR
DTD: 04/03/2024
CLIENT
OFNIR
Rev Status Issue Date Reason for Issue
Prepared Checked Approved
5 RAFC 29/02/2024 RE-APPROVED FOR CONSTRUCTION ML SL
0 AFC 21/12/2023 APPROVED FOR CONSTRUCTION ML SL
C RIFA 18/12/2023 RE-ISSUED FOR APPROVAL ML SL
B IFA 15/12/2023 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL ML SL
A IFR 13/12/2023 ISSUED FOR REVIEW ML SL
48 INCHES SUBSEA CRUDE OIL PIPELINE SUPPORT RECTIFICATION
WORKS
Document Number Title Rev Date: Page

STABILITY DESIGN OF
- ARTICULATED CONCRETE 5 29/02/2024 2 of 20
MATTRESS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Purpose........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Scope of Work.............................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................ 5
2.1 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Unit Measurements ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................ 6
3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 6
3.2 Codes and Standards................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Other References ......................................................................................................................... 6
4.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS .............................................................................................................. 7
4.1 ACM Data .................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 ACM Rope Data ...........................................................................................................................7
4.3 Friction Coefficient Data ............................................................................................................... 7
4.4 Environmental Data ...................................................................................................................... 8
5.0 STABILITY DESIGN APPROACH................................................................................................ 9
5.1 Edge Lift ....................................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Sliding ........................................................................................................................................ 10
6.0 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX A – CURRENT VELOCITY CALCULATION ...................................................................... 12
APPENDIX B – WAVE VELOCITY CALCULATION ............................................................................. 13
APPENDIX C – ACM STABILITY CALCULATION ............................................................................... 14
5m Water Depth ................................................................................................................................... 15
6m Water Depth ................................................................................................................................... 16
7m Water Depth ................................................................................................................................... 17
8m Water Depth ................................................................................................................................... 18
9m Water Depth ................................................................................................................................... 19
APPENDIX D – GA DRAWINGS OF THE MATTRESS ........................................................................ 20
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1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Introduction
M/s Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) has been operating SPM system and
associated submarine pipeline for offloading of crude oil near the coast of Vishakhapatnam in
Vishakhapatnam Port Trust (VPT) port waters in Bay of Bengal since year 2010.
The details of SPM system and onshore/subsea pipeline for unloading/loading/ transportation of
crude oil through VLCC up to 300,000 DWT are as under:
• Single Point Mooring (SPM) System off Visakhapatnam coast (located approx. 35 meters
below chart datum).
• 1219 mm (48”) diameter offshore crude oil pipeline, approximately 4.0 km long from SPM/
PLEM to Land Fall Point (LFP) at Vishakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• 1219mm (48”) diameter onshore crude oil pipeline, approximately 1.3 km long from LFP to
ISPRL Cavern Crude Oil storage facility at Vishakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• 914mm (36”) diameter crude oil pipeline, approximately 0.421 km long from OSTT to Trestle
Bridge at Vishakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
After pre commissioning survey in year 2011 it was found that the subsea pipeline got exposed
from chainage 0.150km to 0.400km at the shore approach, rectification measures for the same
was taken up by providing piled support beams including clamps on the exposed section of the
subsea pipeline.
Piled support beams including clamps (total 13nos.) were installed on the exposed section of the
subsea pipeline from Chainage 0.150km to 0.390km at an interval of 20m.
An underwater survey was carried out in year 2017 where it was found that most of the piled
supports have been damaged except support no. 3 to 5.
Considering the above progression of events, it was decided to go for pipeline rectification works
for the damaged piled support location near shore approach.
1.2 Purpose
This document summaries the stability analysis of the proposed flexible articulated concrete
mattress under steady current and wave load for various water depth.
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1.3 Scope of Work

1. Study the edge lift failure of the front row of the ACM - The front row of the mattress is lifted
by the flow and the ACM rolls up to become unstable.
2. Study the sliding failure of the overall ACM.
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2.0 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
2.1 Abbreviations
• ACM : Articulated Concrete Mattress

• DNV : Det Norske Veritas
• RP : Recommended Practice
• yrs : Years
• w.r.t : With Respect To
• deg : Degree
2.2 Unit Measurements

Unit of measurements use in the project is International System of Units (SI), unless noted
otherwise.
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3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
3.1 General
The new pipelines shall be designed in accordance with the latest edition of the codes, standards,
and reference documents listed below in the following section, unless stated otherwise.
The relevant codes and standards are listed below.
3.2 Codes and Standards

1. DNV-RP-F109 On-Bottom Stability Design of Submarine Pipelines
2. DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads
3.3 Other References

3. A Method for Measuring Hydrodynamic Force Coefficients Applied to an Articulated
Concrete Mattress, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering.
4. B419-000-83-41-30001, Schematic Arrangement for 48” Subsea Crude Oil Pipeline
Support Rectification Works.
5. 48 Inch Subsea Pipeline Rectification, On Bottom Stability of Submarine Pipelines Report
based on DN RP F109.
6. Mattress Block Details.
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4.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design parameter utilized in the analysis is tabulated in the following section.
4.1 ACM Data

Concrete mattress data is tabulated in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: ACM Data
Description Units Parameters

Dimension (overall) l,w,h m 6x3.1x0.5
Density kg/m3 2850 /2400
Dimension of the individual block (l,w,h) m 0.5x0.5x0.5
4.2 ACM Rope Data

Concrete mattress rope data is tabulated in Table 4.2.
Weight of ACM (Without Hematite) = 0.092x6x11x2400 =14.57 T
Weight of ACM (With Hematite) = 0.092x6x11x2850 =17.31 T
Max load on 24 mm dia pp rope (Without Hematite) = 14.57 /(6 x2) =1.21 T < 8.1/3 < 2.7 T
Hence, Safe
Max load on 24 mm dia pp rope (With Hematite) = 17.31 /(6 x2) =1.44T < 8.1/3< 2.7 T
Hence, Safe
Note : FOS = 3 has been considered for lifting purposes.
Table 4.2: ACM Rope Data
Direction Type Break Strength
Perpendicular to pipeline (6m length) 24mm Polypropylene rope,

UV stabilized 8.1 (Te)
20mm Polypropylene rope,

Along the pipeline (3.1m width) 5.712 (Te)
UV stabilized
4.3 Friction Coefficient Data

The following table shows the friction coefficient data used in the analysis.
Table 4.3: Soil Data
Contact Surface Friction Coefficient
HDPE to Concrete 0.6
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4.4 Environmental Data

The following environmental data shall be used in the stability design of ACM.
Table 4.3: Environmental Data
Description Unit Value
Reference height for current m 1.0 [Ref 5]
Current speed (100 yrs) m/s 0.460 [Ref 5]
Current Direction w.r.t ACM deg 90
Significant wave Height (100 yrs) m 2.00 [Ref 5]
Peak wave period (100 yrs) s 11.0 [Ref 5]
Wave Direction w.r.t ACM deg 90
Water depth m 5.0 – 9.0 [Ref 4]
Drag coefficient of ACM - 0.633 [Ref 3]
Lift coefficient of ACM - 0.167 [Ref 3]
Lift coefficient of single ACM - 0.517 [Ref 3]
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5.0 STABILITY DESIGN APPROACH
5.1 Edge Lift

The edge lifting mode is triggered when the hydrodynamic lift acting on the first row of blocks
exceeds its submerged weight. Therefore, at the instant of failure,
---------------------------- (1) [Ref 3]
Flift,1 is the hydrodynamic lift force on the first row of blocks, and
SW,1 is the submerged weight of the blocks.
---------------------------- (2) [Ref 3]
ρ is water density,
L1 is the length of the first row,
W is the width of first line,
Ucr,1 is the critical reference velocity, and
CL,1 is the lift coefficient.
---------------------------- (3) [Ref 3]
sg is the specific gravity of the ACM,

He is the equivalent height of a rectangular block with the same volume as the ACM, and
SW,1= SW/n
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5.2 Sliding
The sliding failure mode happens when the hydrodynamic drag force exceeds the frictional
resistance between the ACM and the floor. The load balance in the horizontal direction at the instant
sliding starts can be expressed as:
---------------------------- (4) [Ref 3]
Fdrag is the total hydrodynamic drag force on the ACM,

Flift is the total hydrodynamic lift force on the ACM,
µ is the friction factor
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6.0 RESULTS
ACM
Water Edge Lift - Safety Sliding- Reference
Density Status
Depth Factor Safety factor Page No
(kg/m3)
5m 2850 1.281 >1.25 17.152 >1.5 OK Pg 68
6m 2850 1.489 >1.25 19.94 >1.5 OK Pg 72
6.85m 2400 1.258 >1.25 16.829>1.5 OK Pg 76
8m 2400 1.425 >1.25 19.076 >1.5 OK Pg 80
9m 2400 1.567 >1.25 20.973 >1.5 OK Pg 84
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the proposed ACM configuration (6 ( Length) x 3
(Width) x 0.398 (Height) m) has adequate factor of safety for both edge lifting and overall sliding
against hydrodynamic forces. Further, minimum required density of the mattress shall be
2400 kg/m3 for 6.85m water depth and above and density of mattress shall be 2850 kg/m3
for water depths below 6.85m.
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APPENDIX A – CURRENT VELOCITY CALCULATION

Power Law Analysis
Input Data
Zr ≔ 1 ⋅ m
Reference Height (From Seabed)
m
Ur ≔ 0.46 ⋅ ―
Current Velocity at Z.r s
1
Power Law Exponent α≔―
7
Height (From Seabed) Z ≔ 1.7256 m
Output Data
⎛ Z ⎞α
Current Velocity at Z U ≔ Ur ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝ Zr ⎠
m
U = 0.497 ―
s
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APPENDIX B – WAVE VELOCITY CALCULATION

Airy Wave Theory (DNV-RP-C205) - 5m Water Depth
Input data
H≔2⋅m
Wave Height
T ≔ 11 ⋅ s
Wave Period
Mean Water depth d≔5⋅m
Distance from Water Surface z ≔ -3.2744 ⋅ m
Output Data
H d H ft d ft
―― = 0.002 ―― = 0.004 ―― = 0.054 ― ―― = 0.136 ―
g ⋅ T2 g ⋅ T2 T 2
s2 T 2
s2
g ⋅ T2
Deep Water Wave Length L0 ≔ ――
2⋅π
L0 = 188.854 m
Wave Length at Water Depth, d
Assume L ≔ 100 ⋅ m
SolveGrCuoesnss
⎛2⋅π ⎞
L ＝ L0 ⋅ tanh ⎜―― ⋅ d⎟
tVraailnutess
⎝ L ⎠
L ≔ Find (L)
‖ d ||
L ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5| |
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ L0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖‖ ‖ L | || L = 74.885 m
2⋅π 1
Wave Number k ≔ ―― k = 0.084 ―
L m
2⋅π 1
Angular wave Frequency ω ≔ ―― ω = 0.571 ―
T s
Water Depth Type

2⋅π 1
ω ≔ ―― ω = 0.571 ―
T s
Water Depth Type
‖ d ||
WDT ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5 ||
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “Deep Water” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ || |
‖ ‖ “General Water Depth” |
WDT = “General Water Depth”
Wave Celerity
c ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water”| |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ g⋅T ||
‖ ‖ ――
2 ⋅ π ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛g ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜― ⋅ tanh (k ⋅ d)⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ k ⎠ ||
‖ |
c = 6.808 m ⋅ s -1
H
Surface Elevation η (θ) ≔ ―⋅ cos (θ)
2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
η (θ )
―― -0.2
m -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
Maximum Surface Elevation θ≔―
16
π
16
θmax ≔ Maximize (η , θ) = ⎛⎝4.769 ⋅ 10 -10⎞⎠ deg
ηmax ≔ η ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠
ηmax = 1 m
Maximum Surface Elevation

θmin ≔ Minimize (η , θ) = 180 deg
ηmin ≔ η ⎛⎝θmin⎞⎠
ηmin = -1 m
Wave Crest Depth EleC ≔ d + ηmax

EleC = 6 m
Wave Trough Depth EleT ≔ d + ηmin

EleT = 4 m
Particle Velocity Calculation
1. Horizontal Particle Velocity
u (θ) ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water” ||

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ( ) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ cos θ
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ―――――⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
u (θ )
――― -0.25
m ⋅ s -1 -0.5
-0.75
-1
-1.25
-1.5
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
Maximum Horizontal Particle Velocity π

θ≔―
16
θmax ≔ Maximize (u , θ) = ⎛⎝3.134 ⋅ 10 -10⎞⎠ deg
umax ≔ u ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ umax = 1.336 m ⋅ s -1

2. Vertical Particle Velocity
w (θ) ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water” ||

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ( ) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ sin θ
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ――――― ⋅ sin (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
0.2
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0
w (θ )
――― -0.04
m ⋅ s -1 -0.08
-0.12
-0.16
-0.2
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
Maximum Verticall Particle Velocity π

θ≔―
16
θmax ≔ Maximize (w , θ) = 90 deg
wmax ≔ w ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ wmax = 0.192 m ⋅ s -1
3. Velocity Magnitude Phase
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Mvp (θ) ≔ ( u ( θ )) + ( w ( θ ) )
1.45
1.35
1.25
1.15
1.05
0.95
0.85
1.45
1.35
1.25
1.15
1.05
0.95
0.85
Mvp (θ) 0.75

――― (s)0.65
-2
m⋅s 0.55
0.45
0.35
0.25
0.15
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
Maximum Velocity Magnitude Phase θ≔―
16
θmax ≔ Maximize ⎛⎝Mvp , θ⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝4.094 ⋅ 10 -10⎞⎠ deg
Mvp.max ≔ Mvp ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠

Mvp.max = 1.336 m ⋅ s -1
Particle Acceleration Calculation
1. Horizontal Particle Acceleration
ua (θ) ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water” ||

‖ ‖ ||
2
‖ ‖ 2⋅π ⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ――― ⋅ e ⋅ sin (θ)
T 2 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
2 ⋅ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d))
‖ ‖ ―――
2
⋅ ―――――⋅ sin θ | | ( )
‖ ‖ T 2
sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.9
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
0.9
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
⎛m⎞
ua (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.15
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.3
-0.45
-0.6
-0.75
-0.9 π
Maximum Horizontal Particle Acceleration θ≔―
16
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
θmax ≔ Maximize ⎛⎝ua , θ⎞⎠ = 90 deg
ua.max ≔ ua ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠
ua.max = 0.763 m ⋅ s -2
2. Vertical Particle Acceleration
wa (θ) ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water” ||

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π 2 ⋅ H k ⋅ z | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ) |
T 2 |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π ⋅ H ⋅ sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ―――――
T2 sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
⎛m⎞
wa (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.02
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
-0.12
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
θmax ≔ Maximize ⎛⎝wa , θ⎞⎠ = 900 deg
wa.max ≔ wa ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠
wa.max = 0.11 m ⋅ s -2
3. Acceleration Magnitude Phase
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Map (θ) ≔ ⎛⎝ua (θ)⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝wa (θ)⎞⎠
0.82
0.755
0.69
0.625
0.56
0.495
Map (θ) 0.43

――― -2 0.365
m⋅s
0.3
0.235
0.17
0.105
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
Maximum Acceleration Magnitude Phase θ≔―
16
θmax ≔ Maximize ⎛⎝Map , θ⎞⎠ = 270 deg
Map.max ≔ Map ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠

Map.max = 0.763 m ⋅ s -2
Summary
Deep Water Wave Length L0 = 188.854 m
Wave Length at Water Depth, d L = 74.885 m
1
Wave Number k = 0.084 ―
m
1
Angular wave Frequency ω = 0.571 ―
s
m
Wave Celerity c = 6.808 ―
s
Wave Crest Depth EleC = 6 m
Wave Trough Depth EleT = 4 m
m
Maximum Horizontal Particle Velocity umax = 1.336 ―
s
m
Maximum Vertical Particle Velocity wmax = 0.192 ―
s
m
Maximum Velocity Magnitude Phase Mvp.max = 1.336 ―
s
m
Maximum Horizontal Particle Acceleration ua.max = 0.763 ―
s2
m
Maximum Vertical Particle Acceleration wa.max = 0.11 ―
s2
m
Maximum Acceleration Magnitude Phase Map.max = 0.763 ―
s2
Input data
H≔2⋅m
Wave Height
T ≔ 11 ⋅ s
Wave Period
Output Data
H d H ft d ft
―― = 0.002 ―― = 0.005 ―― = 0.054 ― ―― = 0.163 ―
g ⋅ T2 g ⋅ T2 T 2
s2 T 2
s2
g ⋅ T2
2⋅π
L0 = 188.854 m
SolveGrCuoesnss
⎛2⋅π ⎞
L ＝ L0 ⋅ tanh ⎜―― ⋅ d⎟
tVraailnutess
⎝ L ⎠
L ≔ Find (L)
‖ d ||
L ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5| |
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ L0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖‖ ‖ L | || L = 81.563 m
2⋅π 1
L m
2⋅π 1
T s
Water Depth Type

2⋅π 1
ω ≔ ―― ω = 0.571 ―
T s
Water Depth Type
‖ d ||
WDT ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5 ||
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ || |
Wave Celerity
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ g⋅T ||
‖ ‖ ――
2 ⋅ π ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛g ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜― ⋅ tanh (k ⋅ d)⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ k ⎠ ||
‖ |
c = 7.415 m ⋅ s -1
H
2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
η (θ )
―― -0.2
m -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
π
16
ηmax = 1 m

ηmin = -1 m

EleC = 7 m

EleT = 5 m


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ)
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ―――――⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
1.25
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
u (θ )
――― -0.25
m ⋅ s -1 -0.5
-0.75
-1
-1.25
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16
θmax ≔ Maximize (u , θ) = -4.947 ⋅ 10 -10 deg


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ( ) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ sin θ
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ――――― ⋅ sin (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.03
0
w (θ )
――― -0.03
m ⋅ s -1 -0.06
-0.09
-0.12
-0.15
-0.18
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Mvp (θ) ≔ ( u ( θ )) + ( w ( θ ) )
1.25
1.15
1.05
0.95
0.85
0.75
1.25
1.15
1.05
0.95
0.85
0.75
Mvp (θ) 0.65

――― (s )
-2 0.55
m⋅s
0.45
0.35
0.25
0.15
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16

Mvp.max = 1.203 m ⋅ s -1

‖ ‖ ||
2
‖ ‖ 2⋅π ⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ――― ⋅ e ⋅ sin (θ)
T 2 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
2 ⋅ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d))
‖ ‖ ―――
2
⋅ ―――――⋅ sin θ | | ( )
‖ ‖ T 2
sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
⎛m⎞
ua (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.15
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.3
-0.45
-0.6
-0.75 π
16
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
ua.max = 0.687 m ⋅ s -2

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π 2 ⋅ H k ⋅ z | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ) |
T 2 |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π ⋅ H ⋅ sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ―――――
T2 sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
⎛m⎞
wa (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.02
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
wa.max = 0.091 m ⋅ s -2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Map (θ) ≔ ⎛⎝ua (θ)⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝wa (θ)⎞⎠
0.75
0.69
0.63
0.57
0.51
0.45
Map (θ) 0.39

――― 0.33
m ⋅ s -2
0.27
0.21
0.15
0.09
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16

Map.max = 0.687 m ⋅ s -2
Summary
1
m
1
s
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s2
m
s2
m
s2
Airy Wave Theory (DNV-RP-C205) - 6.85m Water Depth
Input data
H≔2⋅m
Wave Height
T ≔ 11 ⋅ s
Wave Period
Mean Water depth d ≔ 6.85 ⋅ m
Distance from Water Surface z ≔-5.1244 ⋅ m
Output Data
H d H ft d ft
―― = 0.002 ―― = 0.006 ―― = 0.054 ― ―― = 0.19 ―
g ⋅ T2 g ⋅ T2 T 2
s2 T 2
s2
g ⋅ T2
2⋅π
L0 = 188.854 m
SolveGrCuoesnss
⎛2⋅π ⎞
L ＝ L0 ⋅ tanh ⎜―― ⋅ d⎟
tVraailnutess
⎝ L ⎠
L ≔ Find (L)
‖ d ||
L ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5| |
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ L0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
L | || L = 86.72 m
‖‖ ‖
2⋅π 1
L m
2⋅π 1
T s
Water Depth Type

2⋅π 1
ω ≔ ―― ω = 0.571 ―
T s
Water Depth Type
‖ d ||
WDT ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5 ||
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ |
‖ ‖ “General Water Depth” || |
Wave Celerity
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ g⋅T ||
‖ ‖ ――
2 ⋅ π ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛g ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜― ⋅ tanh (k ⋅ d)⎟ | |
‖ ‖ ⎝k ⎠ ||
‖ ‖ |
c = 7.887 m ⋅ s-1
H
2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
η (θ )
―― -0.2
m -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
π
16
ηmax = 1 m

ηmin = -1 m

EleC = 7.85 m

EleT = 5.85 m


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ)
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ―――――⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d)
‖‖ ‖ | ||
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
u (θ )
――― -0.2
m ⋅ s -1 -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16
umax ≔ u ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ umax = 1 .113 m ⋅ s -1


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ sin (θ)
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ――――― ⋅ sin (θ) | |
‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d)
‖‖ ‖ | ||
0.15
0.125
0.1
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
w (θ )
――― -0.025
m ⋅ s -1 -0.05
-0.075
-0.1
-0.125
-0.15
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16
wmax ≔ w ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ wmax = 0.138 m ⋅ s-1
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Mvp (θ) ≔ ( u ( θ )) + ( w ( θ ) )
1.18
1.085
0.99
0.895
0.8
0.705
Mvp (θ) 0.61

――― (s )
1.18
1.085
0.99
0.895
0.8
0.705
Mvp (θ) 0.61

――― (s )
0.515
m ⋅ s -2
0.42
0.325
0.23
0.135
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
θmax ≔ Maximize ⎛⎝Mvp , θ⎞⎠ = -6.32 ⋅ 10 -10 deg
Mvp.max ≔ Mvp ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ -1

Mvp.max = 1 .113 m ⋅ s

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ 2 ⋅ π2 ⋅ H k ⋅ z ||
‖ ‖ ――― ⋅ e ⋅ sin (θ)
T 2 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
2 ⋅ π 2 ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d))
‖ ‖ ――― ⋅ ―――――⋅ sin (θ) | |
‖ ‖ T2 sinh (k ⋅ d) |
‖ ‖ || |
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
⎛m⎞
ua (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.15
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.3
-0.45
-0.6
-0.75 π
16
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
ua.max = 0.640m ⋅ s-2

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π 2 ⋅ H k ⋅ z | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ⋅ e ⋅ cos θ( ) |
T 2 |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π ⋅ H ⋅ sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ―――――
sinh (k ⋅ d) |
‖ ‖
T2 || |
0.09
0.075
0.06
0.045
0.03
0.015
0
⎛m⎞
wa (θ) ⎜―-0.015
⎟
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.03
-0.045
-0.06
-0.075
-0.09
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
wa.max = 0.079 m ⋅ s-2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Map (θ) ≔ ⎛⎝ua (θ)⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝wa (θ)⎞⎠
0.68
0.625
0.57
0.515
0.46
0.405
Map (θ) 0.35

――― 0.295
m ⋅ s -2
0.24
0.185
0.13
0.075
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16

Map.max = 0.640 m ⋅ s-2
Summary
Summary
1
m
1
s
m
s
Wave Crest Depth EleC = 7.85 m
Wave Trough Depth EleT = 5.85 m
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s2
m
s2
m
s2
Input data
H≔2⋅m
Wave Height
T ≔ 11 ⋅ s
Wave Period
Output Data
H d H ft d ft
―― = 0.002 ―― = 0.007 ―― = 0.054 ― ―― = 0.217 ―
g ⋅ T2 g ⋅ T2 T 2
s2 T 2
s2
g ⋅ T2
2⋅π
L0 = 188.854 m
SolveGrCuoesnss
⎛2⋅π ⎞
L ＝ L0 ⋅ tanh ⎜―― ⋅ d⎟
tVraailnutess
⎝ L ⎠
L ≔ Find (L)
‖ d ||
L ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5| |
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ L0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖‖ ‖ L | || L = 93.094 m
2⋅π 1
L m
2⋅π 1
T s
Water Depth Type
2⋅π 1
ω ≔ ―― ω = 0.571 ―
T s
Water Depth Type
‖ d ||
WDT ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5 ||
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ || |
Wave Celerity
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ g⋅T ||
‖ ‖ ――
2⋅π ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ⎞ ||
g
‖ ‖ ⎜―⋅ tanh (k ⋅ d)⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ k ⎠ ||
‖ |
c = 8.463 m ⋅ s -1
H
2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
η (θ )
―― -0.2
m -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
π
16
ηmax = 1 m
ηmin = -1 m

EleC = 9 m

EleT = 7 m


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ)
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ―――――⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
u (θ )
――― -0.2
m ⋅ s -1 -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ( ) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ sin θ
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ――――― ⋅ sin (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
0.125
0.1
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
w (θ )
――― -0.025
m ⋅ s -1 -0.05
-0.075
-0.1
-0.125
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Mvp (θ) ≔ ( u ( θ )) + ( w ( θ ) )
1.105
1.015
0.925
0.835
0.745
0.655
1.105
1.015
0.925
0.835
0.745
0.655
Mvp (θ) 0.565

――― (s )
-2 0.475
m⋅s
0.385
0.295
0.205
0.115
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16

Mvp.max = 1.015 m ⋅ s -1

‖ ‖ ||
2
‖ ‖ 2⋅π ⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ――― ⋅ e ⋅ sin (θ)
T 2 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
2 ⋅ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d))
‖ ‖ ―――
2
⋅ ―――――⋅ sin θ | | ( )
‖ ‖ T 2
sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
⎛m⎞
ua (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.1
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7 π
16
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
ua.max = 0.58 m ⋅ s -2

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π 2 ⋅ H k ⋅ z | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ) |
T 2 |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π ⋅ H ⋅ sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ―――――
T2 sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.075
0.06
0.045
0.03
0.015
0
⎛m⎞
wa (θ) ⎜―-0.015
⎟
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.03
-0.045
-0.06
-0.075
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
wa.max = 0.067 m ⋅ s -2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Map (θ) ≔ ⎛⎝ua (θ)⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝wa (θ)⎞⎠
0.615
0.565
0.515
0.465
0.415
0.365
Map (θ) 0.315

――― -2 0.265
m⋅s
0.215
0.165
0.115
0.065
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16

Map.max = 0.58 m ⋅ s -2
Summary
1
m
1
s
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s2
m
s2
m
s2
Input data
H≔2⋅m
Wave Height
T ≔ 11 ⋅ s
Wave Period
Output Data
H d H ft d ft
―― = 0.002 ―― = 0.008 ―― = 0.054 ― ―― = 0.244 ―
g ⋅ T2 g ⋅ T2 T 2
s2 T 2
s2
g ⋅ T2
2⋅π
L0 = 188.854 m
SolveGrCuoesnss
⎛2⋅π ⎞
L ＝ L0 ⋅ tanh ⎜―― ⋅ d⎟
tVraailnutess
⎝ L ⎠
L ≔ Find (L)
‖ d ||
L ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5| |
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ L0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖‖ ‖ L | || L = 98.165 m
2⋅π 1
L m
2⋅π 1
T s
Water Depth Type

2⋅π 1
ω ≔ ―― ω = 0.571 ―
T s
Water Depth Type
‖ d ||
WDT ≔ ‖ if ―≥ 0.5 ||
‖ L0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ || |
Wave Celerity
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ g⋅T ||
‖ ‖ ――
2 ⋅ π ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛g ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜― ⋅ tanh (k ⋅ d)⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ k ⎠ ||
‖ |
c = 8.924 m ⋅ s -1
H
2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
η (θ )
―― -0.2
m -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
π
16
ηmax = 1 m

ηmin = -1 m

EleC = 10 m

EleT = 8 m


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ)
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ―――――⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
u (θ )
――― -0.2
m ⋅ s -1 -0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16


‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ π⋅H k⋅z ( ) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ e ⋅ sin θ
T ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ π ⋅ H sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ ――――― ⋅ sin (θ) | |
‖‖ ‖‖ T sinh (k ⋅ d) | ||
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
w (θ )
――― -0.02
m ⋅ s -1 -0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
-0.12
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg

θ≔―
16
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Mvp (θ) ≔ ( u ( θ )) + ( w ( θ ) )
0.95
0.865
0.78
0.695
0.61
0.525
0.95
0.865
0.78
0.695
0.61
0.525
Mvp (θ)
――― (s)0.44
m ⋅ s -2 0.355
0.27
0.185
0.1
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
θmax ≔ Maximize ⎛⎝Mvp , θ⎞⎠ = -2.256 ⋅ 10 -10 deg

Mvp.max = 0.945 m ⋅ s -1

‖ ‖ ||
2
‖ ‖ 2⋅π ⋅H k⋅z ||
‖ ‖ ――― ⋅ e ⋅ sin (θ)
T 2 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
2 ⋅ π ⋅ H cosh (k ⋅ (z + d))
‖ ‖ ―――
2
⋅ ―――――⋅ sin θ | | ( )
‖ ‖ T 2
sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
⎛m⎞
ua (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.1
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6 π
16
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
ua.max = 0.54 m ⋅ s -2

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π 2 ⋅ H k ⋅ z | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ⋅ e ⋅ cos (θ) |
T 2 |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ -2 ⋅ π ⋅ H ⋅ sinh (k ⋅ (z + d)) ⋅ cos (θ) | |
‖ ‖ ―――― ―――――
T2 sinh (k ⋅ d) || |
‖ ‖ |
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
⎛m⎞
wa (θ) ⎜―⎟-0.01
⎝ s 2 ⎠-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.06
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16
wa.max = 0.059 m ⋅ s -2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Map (θ) ≔ ⎛⎝ua (θ)⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝wa (θ)⎞⎠
0.555
0.505
0.455
0.405
0.355
0.305
Map (θ)
――― 0.255
m ⋅ s -2 0.205
0.155
0.105
0.055
0 70 140 210 280 350 420 490 560 630 700 770
θ
――
deg
π
16

Map.max = 0.54 m ⋅ s -2
Summary
1
m
1
s
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s
m
s2
m
s2
m
s2
WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
APPENDIX C – ACM STABILITY CALCULATION

WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
5m Water Depth
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ACM IN STEDY CURRENT AND WAVE
INPUT DATA
Density of Water ρ ≔ 1025 ⋅ kg ⋅ m -3
Length of the first row of ACM (in flow direction) L1 ≔ 0.5 ⋅ m
Width of the first row of ACM W ≔ 3.1 ⋅ m
Total length of the ACM (in flow direction) Lt ≔ 6 ⋅ m
Water Depth d≔5 m
Wave height (100 yrs) H.s100 ≔ 2 m
Wave period (100 yrs) T.p100 ≔ 11 s
Current Speed (100 yrs) U.c100 ≔ 0.46 m ⋅ s -1
Reference height for current Z.r ≔ 1 m
Critical wave velocity Uw ≔ 1.336 ⋅ m ⋅ s -1
Critical current velocity Uc ≔ 0.497 ⋅ m ⋅ s -1
Specific gravity of ACM sg ≔ 2.85
Equivalent height of the ACM He ≔ 0.368 ⋅ m
Number of blocks in perpendicular direction to flow n≔6
Drag coefficient CD ≔ 0.633 [Ref 3]
Lift coefficient CL ≔ 0.167 [Ref 3]
Lift coefficient for edge lifting CL1 ≔ 0.517 [Ref 3]
Friction factor μ ≔ 0.6
Safety factor for edge lifting SF.el ≔ 1.25
Safety factor for sliding SF.s ≔ 1.5
OUTPUT DATA
OUTPUT DATA
Critical reference velocity Ucr1 ≔ Uw + Uc
Edge Lift Calculation
Submerged weight of the concrete Sw ≔ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝sg - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ He ⋅ L1 ⋅ W
Sw = 10.607 kN
Sw
Sw1 ≔ ―
n
Sw1 = 1.768 kN
Lift force edge Flif1 ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ρ ⋅ L1 ⋅ W ⋅ Ucr1 2 ⋅ CL1
Flif1 = 1.38 kN
Sw1
Safety factor SF.ela ≔ ――
Flif1
SF.ela = 1.281
Sliding Calculation
Drag force Fdrag ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ρ ⋅ He ⋅ W ⋅ Ucr1 2 ⋅ CD
Fdrag = 1.243 kN
Lift force Flift ≔ μ ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ ρ ⋅ Lt ⋅ W ⋅ Ucr1 2 ⋅ CL
Flift = 3.209 kN
Total force Ftot ≔ Fdrag + Flift
Ftot = 4.453 kN
Sliding resistance force Fsliding ≔ μ ⋅ ⎛⎝sg - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ g ⋅ ρ ⋅ He ⋅ Lt ⋅ W
Fsliding = 76.371 kN
Fsliding
Safety factor SF.sa ≔ ――
Ftot
SF.sa = 17.152
Edge Lift Check
Check1 ≔ ‖ if SF.el ≤ SF.ela| |

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else || Check1 = “OK”
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
Sliding Check
Check2 ≔ ‖ if SF.s ≤ SF.sa| |

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
6m Water Depth
INPUT DATA
Water Depth d≔6 m
OUTPUT DATA
OUTPUT DATA
Sw = 10.607 kN
Sw
Sw1 ≔ ―
n
Sw1 = 1.768 kN
Flif1 = 1.187 kN
Sw1
Flif1
SF.ela = 1.489
Sliding Calculation
Fdrag = 1.07 kN
Flift = 2.76 kN
Ftot = 3.83 kN
Fsliding
Ftot
SF.sa = 19.94
Edge Lift Check

Edge Lift Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
Sliding Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
6.85m Water Depth

INPUT DATA
Water Depth d≔7 m
Critical wave velocity Uw ≔ 1.113 ⋅ m ⋅ s-1
Critical current velocity Uc ≔ 0.497 ⋅ m ⋅ s-1
OUTPUT DATA
OUTPUT DATA
Sw = 8.027 kN
Sw
Sw1 ≔ ―
n
Sw1 = 1.338 kN
Flif1 = 1.064 kN
Sw1
Flif1
SF.ela = 1.258
Sliding Calculation
2
Drag force Fdrag ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ρ ⋅ He ⋅ W ⋅ Ucr1 ⋅ CD
Fdrag = 0.959 kN
2
Lift force Flift ≔ μ ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ ρ ⋅ Lt ⋅ W ⋅ Ucr1 ⋅ CL
Flift = 2.475 kN
Ftot = 3.434 kN
Fsliding
Ftot
SF.sa = 16.829
Edge Lift Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
Sliding Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
8m Water Depth
INPUT DATA
Water Depth d≔8 m
OUTPUT DATA
OUTPUT DATA
Sw = 8.027 kN
Sw
Sw1 ≔ ―
n
Sw1 = 1.338 kN
Flif1 = 0.939 kN
Sw1
Flif1
SF.ela = 1.425
Sliding Calculation
Fdrag = 0.846 kN
Flift = 2.184 kN
Ftot = 3.03 kN
Fsliding
Ftot
SF.sa = 19.076
Edge Lift Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
Sliding Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
9m Water Depth
INPUT DATA
Water Depth d≔9 m
OUTPUT DATA
OUTPUT DATA
Sw = 8.027 kN
Sw
Sw1 ≔ ―
n
Sw1 = 1.338 kN
Flif1 = 0.854 kN
Sw1
Flif1
SF.ela = 1.567
Sliding Calculation
Fdrag = 0.77 kN
Flift = 1.986 kN
Ftot = 2.756 kN
Fsliding
Ftot
SF.sa = 20.973
Edge Lift Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
Sliding Check

‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOTOK” | |
‖ |
WORKS

STABILITY DESIGN OF
MATTRESS
APPENDIX D – GA DRAWINGS OF THE MATTRESS

Stability Design of Articulated Concrete Mattress-Revision 5-Eil Approved in Code1

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Stability Design of Articulated Concrete Mattress-Revision 5-Eil Approved in Code1

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48 INCHES SUBSEA CRUDE OIL PIPELINE SUPPORT

STABILITY DESIGN OF ARTICULATED CONCRETE MATTRESS

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1.3 Scope of Work

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2.0 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

• ACM : Articulated Concrete Mattress

2.2 Unit Measurements

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3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

3.2 Codes and Standards

3.3 Other References

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4.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS

Design parameter utilized in the analysis is tabulated in the following section.

4.1 ACM Data

Description Units Parameters

4.2 ACM Rope Data

Weight of ACM (With Hematite) = 0.092x6x11x2850 =17.31 T

Perpendicular to pipeline (6m length) 24mm Polypropylene rope,

20mm Polypropylene rope,

4.3 Friction Coefficient Data

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4.4 Environmental Data

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5.0 STABILITY DESIGN APPROACH

5.1 Edge Lift

---------------------------- (1) [Ref 3]

---------------------------- (2) [Ref 3]

---------------------------- (3) [Ref 3]

sg is the specific gravity of the ACM,

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Fdrag is the total hydrodynamic drag force on the ACM,

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5m 2850 1.281 >1.25 17.152 >1.5 OK Pg 68

6m 2850 1.489 >1.25 19.94 >1.5 OK Pg 72

6.85m 2400 1.258 >1.25 16.829>1.5 OK Pg 76

8m 2400 1.425 >1.25 19.076 >1.5 OK Pg 80

9m 2400 1.567 >1.25 20.973 >1.5 OK Pg 84

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APPENDIX A – CURRENT VELOCITY CALCULATION

Height (From Seabed) Z ≔ 1.7256 m

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APPENDIX B – WAVE VELOCITY CALCULATION

Mean Water depth d≔5⋅m

Distance from Water Surface z ≔ -3.2744 ⋅ m

Water Depth Type

Water Depth Type

θmax ≔ Maximize (η , θ) = ⎛⎝4.769 ⋅ 10 -10⎞⎠ deg

Maximum Surface Elevation

Wave Crest Depth EleC ≔ d + ηmax

Wave Trough Depth EleT ≔ d + ηmin

1. Horizontal Particle Velocity

u (θ) ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water” ||

Maximum Horizontal Particle Velocity π

θmax ≔ Maximize (u , θ) = ⎛⎝3.134 ⋅ 10 -10⎞⎠ deg

umax ≔ u ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ umax = 1.336 m ⋅ s -1

w (θ) ≔ ‖ if WDT ＝ “Deep Water” ||

Maximum Verticall Particle Velocity π

θmax ≔ Maximize (w , θ) = 90 deg

wmax ≔ w ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ wmax = 0.192 m ⋅ s -1