List of Nomenclature

A = cross-sectional area of flow path, in2

Afb = the total firebox surface area, ft2
Bg = gas formation volume factor, rb/scf
C = parameter in IPR model in Mscf/d-psi2n; choke flow coefficient
Cd = drag coefficient
Cl = clearance, fraction
Cg = gas compressibility, psi–1
Cw = water content of natural gas, lbm/MMscf
C' = orifice flow constant
d = choke diameter, in
D = pipe diameter, non-Darcy coefficient in d/Mscf
Di = diameter of the flow path, ft
di = diameter of the flow path, in
E = gas expansion factor, scf/ft3
Ek = gas-specific kinetic energy, lbf -ft/ft3
Eksl = kinetic energy required to hold liquid drops stationary, lbf -ft/ft3
Ev = volumetric efficiency, fraction
f = Moody friction factor
Fa = orifice thermal expansion factor
Fb = basic orifice factor, cfh
Fg = specific gravity factor
F1 = gauge location factor
Fm = manometer factor for mercury meter
Fpb = pressure base factor
Fpv = supercompressibility factor
Fr = Reynolds number factor
Ftb = temperature base factor
Ftf = flowing temperature factor

xvii
xviii List of Nomenclature

g = 32.2 ft/sec2
gc = gravitational conversion factor = 32.17 lbm ft/lbfsec2
H = elevation above sea level, ft
HpMM = required theoretical compression power, hp/MMcfd
Ht = total heat load on reboiler, Btu/h
hw = differential pressure in inches of water at 60 °F
I100 = pure inhibitor required, lbm/MMscf
K = unit conversion coefficient
k = permeability in md; specific heat ratio
KH = Hammerschmidt constant for inhibitor
ik = liquid-vapor equilibrium ratio of compound i
L = measured depth in ft; latitude in degrees
lw = mechanical energy (loss of work) converted to heat, ft-lbf/lbm
m(p) = real gas pseudopressure, psi2/cp
MWa = apparent molecular weight
MWi = molecular weight of component i
n = parameter in IPR model, polytropic exponent
Nc = number of components
nL = number of moles of fluid in the liquid phase
NRe = Reynolds number
Ns = number of stages required
Nsl = slip speed, rpm
Nt = total operating speed, rpm
nV = number of moles of fluid in the vapor phase
n(p) = real gas normalized pressure
P = pressure at depth, lb/ft2
pcf = casing pressure, psia
pci = critical pressure of component i, psia
pf = absolute static pressure, psia
Phf = pressure at surface, lb/ft2
phf = pressure at surface, psia
pmf = pressure at middepth, psia
 List of Nomenclature xix

ppc = pseudocritical pressure, psia

ppr = pseudoreduced pressure
ptf = tubing pressure, psia
pwf = pressure at bottom hole, psia
q = gas production rate, Mscf/d
qd = desired gas capacity, cfm
Qgc = critical gas production rate, MMscf/day
qG = glycol circulation rate, gal/hr
Qgm = minimum required gas flow for liquid removal, MMscf/day
qmsc = gas production rate, MMscf/day
qs = sand production rate, ft3/day
qo = oil production rate, stb/day
Qsc = gas production rate, scf/day
qsc = gas production rate, Mscf/day
qw = water production rate, bbl/day
Re = Reynolds number
r = cylinder compression ratio
Rh = differential pressure range, in
Rp = static pressure range, psi
rw = wellbore radius, ft
s = skin factor
Sg = specific gravity of gas, air = 1
t = temperature, °F
T = temperature at depth, °R
Tav = average temperature at depth, °R
Tci = critical temperature of component i, °R
Thf = temperature at wellhead, °R
tm = temperature during orifice boring, °F
Tmf = temperature at middepth, psia
Tpc = pseudocritical temperature, R
Tpr = pseudoreduced temperature
Twf = temperature at bottom hole, psia
xx List of Nomenclature

V = volume, ft3
v = velocity, ft/s
Vdis = displacement, ft3/revolution
vgc = critical gas velocity, ft/s
Vs = required settling volume in separator, gal
w = theoretical shaft work required to compress the gas, ft-lbf/lbm
vgm = minimum gas velocity required to transport liquid drops, ft/s
vsl = terminal settling velocity, ft/s
vtr = liquid transport velocity, ft/s
WG = water removed from gas stream, lbm/MMscf
Wh = weight of pure inhibitor in liquid water phase, %
Win = concentration of inhibitor in inlet inhibitor stream, wt %
Wout = concentration of inhibitor in outlet inhibitor stream, wt %
Wr = water to be removed, lbm/hr
ix = mole fraction of compound i in the liquid phase
iy = mole fraction of compound i in the vapor phase
z = gas compressibility factor
Z = vertical depth, ft
zav = average gas compressibility factor
iz = mole fraction of compound i in the system
ε = tubing wall roughness, in
γg = gas-specific gravity, air = 1
γo = oil-specific gravity, fresh water = 1
γs = sand-specific gravity, fresh water = 1
γw = water-specific gravity, fresh water = 1
νg = gas dynamic viscosity, cp
θ = inclination angle, degrees
ρ = density, lbm/ft3
ρg = gas density, lbm/ft3
ρl = liquid density, lbm/ft3
σ = interfacial tension, dynes/cm
νg = gas kinetic viscosity, cs