Example: Double-pipe HX

Water at a temperature of 175°F and a mass flow rate of 5000 lbm/ hr is to be used to heat ethylene
glycol. The cold ethylene glycol is available at 90°F with a mass flow rate of 30,000 lbm/ hr. A double
pipe counterflow heat exchanger consisting of a 1 ¼ -standard type M copper tubing inside of 2-
standard type M copper tubing is to be used. The exchanger consists of two double hairpin exchangers,
each 6 ft long. The flow configuration is such that both fluids travel in series throughout. Determine the
heat transfer rate, the outlet temperature of both fluids and the pressure losses.
A. Solve assuming that the UA product is 1750 Btu/hr-F.
B. Solve calculating the UA product for both clean and fouled surface condition. Route hot water
through the inner pipe.
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Example double-pipe HX using LMTD method with UA product given

Given

f h$ = 'water' f c$ = 'ethylene glycol'

TT 1 = 175 [F] t 1 = 90 [F] Inlet temperatures

m h = 5000 [lbm/h] m c = 30000 [lbm/h] Mass flow rates

UA = 1750 [Btu/hr-F]

Properties of hot and cold fluids

th = 132 [F]; tc = 104 [F] First Guess

t h = 0.5 · TT 1 + TT 2 t c = 0.5 · t1 + t2 EES iterations

C ph = Cp water , T = t h , P = 15 [psi] C pc = Cp f c$ , T = t c

C h = m h · C ph C c = m c · C pc

Energy Equations

Q = Cc · t2 – t1 Q = Ch · TT 1 – TT 2

--------------------------LMTD Method ----------------------------------------------------

Outlet temperatures for counterflow using LMTD method

T 1 = TT 1 – t 2 T 2 = TT 2 – t 1

T 2 – T 1
T 2 = T 1 · exp
LMTD

Q = UA · LMTD

SOLUTION
Unit Settings: Eng F psia mass deg
Cc = 17421 [Btu/h*F] Ch = 5002 [Btu/h*F]
Cpc = 0.5807 [Btu/lbm*F] Cph = 1 [Btu/lbm*F]
T1 = 78.06 [F] T2 = 60.83 [F]
fc$ = 'ethylene_glycol' fh$ = 'water'
LMTD = 69.09 [F] mc = 30000 [lbm/h]
mh = 5000 [lbm/h] Q = 120902 [Btu/h] {33.58 [Btu/s]}
TT1 = 175 [F] TT2 = 150.8 [F]
t1 = 90 [F] t2 = 96.94 [F]
tc = 93.47 [F] th = 162.9 [F]
UA = 1750 [Btu/hr-F]

No unit problems were detected.

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Example double-pipe HX using both LMTD and e-NTU method

Properties for water and ethylene glycol iterated by EES, from built in database

Nomenclature similar to textbook

Use TT in place of T for warmer fluid temps

Given

g = 32.2 [ft/s2]

f h$ = 'water' f c$ = 'ethylene glycol'

TT 1 = 175 [F] t 1 = 90 [F] Inlet temperatures

m h = 5000 [lbm/h] m c = 30000 [lbm/h] Mass flow rates

Geometry parameters

L = 4 · 6 [ft] Total Length

ID a = 0.1674 [ft] ID p = 0.1076 [ft] OD p = 0.1146 [ft] Pipe diameters

2 2
A a = 0.25 ·  · ID a – OD p Cross area, annulus

2
A p = 0.25 ·  · ID p Cross area, pipe

A i =  · ID p · L Area, inner surface

A o =  · OD p · L Area, outer surface

P h =  · OD p +  · ID a Wetted perimeter

P e =  · OD p Heat convection perimeter

Aa
Dh = 4 · Hydraulic diameter (for pressure losses)
Ph

Aa
De = 4 · Equivalent diameter (for heat transfer)
Pe

P = 14.7 [psi]

t h = 0.5 · TT 1 + TT 2 t c = 0.5 · t1 + t2 EES iterations

Properties of hot fluid

 h =  water , T = t h , P = P k h = k water , T = t h , P = P

 h = Visc water , T = t h , P = P C ph = Cp water , T = t h , P = P

Pr h = Pr water , T = t h , P = P

ft2/hr
 h =  h · 3600 · · h
ft2/s
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ft2/hr
3600 ·
ft2/s
Pr h =  h ·
h

Properties of hot fluid

 c =  f c$ , T = t c k c = k f c$ , T = t c

 c = Visc f c$ , T = t c C pc = Cp f c$ , T = t c Pr c = Pr f c$ , T = t c

ft2/hr ft2/hr
 c =  c · 3600 · · c 3600 ·
ft2/s ft2/s
Pr c =  c ·
c

Velocities and Reynolds numbers

mh ft/s mc ft/s
Vp = · 0.000277778 · Va = · 0.000277778 ·
h · Ap ft/h c · Aa ft/h

ID p De
Re p = V p · Re a = V a ·
h c

Nusselt numbers (Re>10,000)

0.8 0.3 0.8 0.4

Nus p = 0.023 · Re p · Pr h Nus a = 0.023 · Re a · Pr c

Convection coefficients

h i · ID p ho · De
Nus p = Nus a =
kh kc

Fouling factors

R fi = 0 [hr·ft2·F/Btu] R fo = 0 [hr·ft2·F/Btu] no fouling

Rfi = 0.002 [hr·ft2·F/Btu]; Rfo = 0.002 [hr·ft2·F/Btu] with fouling, Table 5.2

Overall HT coefficient

1 1 Ao Ao 1
= · + R fi · + R fo +
Uo hi Ai Ai ho

UA = U o · A o

Energy equations

Q = m c · C pc · t2 – t1 Q = m h · C ph · TT 1 – TT 2

--------------------------LMTD Method ----------------------------------------------------

Outlet temperatures for counterflow using LMTD method

T 1 = TT 1 – t 2 T 2 = TT 2 – t 1
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T 2 – T 1
T 2 = T 1 · exp
LMTD

Q = U o · A o · LMTD

SOLUTION
Unit Settings: Eng F psia mass deg
2 2
c = 0.003725 [ft /hr] h = 0.006174 [ft /hr]
2 2
Aa = 0.01169 [ft ] Ai = 8.113 [ft ]
Ao = 8.641 [ft2] Ap = 0.009093 [ft2]
Cpc = 0.5807 [Btu/lbm*F] Cph = 1 [Btu/lbm*F]
T1 = 78.05 [F] T2 = 60.81 [F]
De = 0.1299 [ft] Dh = 0.0528 [ft]
fc$ = 'ethylene_glycol' fh$ = 'water'
g = 32.2 [ft/s2] hi = 730.4 [Btu/hr·ft2·F]
ho = 287.8 [Btu/hr·ft2·F] IDa = 0.1674 [ft]
IDp = 0.1076 [ft] kc = 0.149 [Btu/h*ft*F]
kh = 0.3764 [Btu/h*ft*F] L = 24 [ft]
LMTD = 69.07 [F] c = 34.83 [lbm/ft-hr]
h = 0.9421 [lbm/ft-hr] mc = 30000 [lbm/h]
mh = 5000 [lbm/h] Nusa = 250.9 [-]
2
Nusp = 208.8 [-] c = 0.0001404 [ft /s]
2
h = 0.000004294 [ft /s] ODp = 0.1146 [ft]
P = 14.7 [psi] Prc = 135.7 [-]
Prh = 2.504 [-] Pe = 0.36 [ft]
Ph = 0.8859 [ft] Q = 120993 [Btu/h] {33.61 [Btu/s]}
Rea = 9570 [-] Rep = 62805 [-]
3 3
c = 68.9 [lbm/ft ] h = 60.94 [lbm/ft ]
2 2
Rfi = 0 [hr·ft ·F/Btu] Rfo = 0 [hr·ft ·F/Btu]
TT1 = 175 [F] TT2 = 150.8 [F]
t1 = 90 [F] t2 = 96.95 [F]
tc = 93.47 [F] th = 162.9 [F]
UA = 1752 [Btu/hr·F] Uo = 202.7 [Btu/hr·ft2·F]
Va = 10.34 [ft/s] Vp = 2.506 [ft/s]

No unit problems were detected.

KEY VARIABLES
hi = 730.4 [Btu/hr·ft2·F]
UA = 1752 [Btu/hr·F]
Q = 120993 [Btu/h] {33.61 [Btu/s]}
ho = 287.8 [Btu/hr·ft2·F]
Rea = 9570 [-]
Rep = 62805 [-]
TT2 = 150.8 [F]
t2 = 96.95 [F]
Uo = 202.7 [Btu/hr·ft2·F]