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The Andhra sugars ltd.,

Tanuku.

DESIGN OF SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER EXAMPLE 11.1 : PAGE NO : 231 , DONALD Q. KERN.

Step 1: HEAT BALANCE

Hot Fluid :
Mass flow rate = m = 29800 lb/hr
Specific heat = CP = 0.58 Btu / lb. OF
Inlet temperature = T1 = 340 OF
Outlet temperature = T2 = 240 OF
Heat load, ( m*CP (T1 T2) ) = Q = 1728400 Btu / hr

Cold Fluid :
Mass flow rate = m = 103000 lb/hr
Specific heat = CP = 0.56 Btu / lb. OF
Inlet temperature = t1 = 200 OF
Outlet temperature = t2 = 230 OF
Heat load, ( m*CP (t2 t1) ) = Q = 1730400 Btu / hr

Step 2: TRUE TEMERATURE DIFFERENCE, t [Counter current flow ]

Approach (T1 t2) = t1 = 110 OF
Approach (T2 t1) = t2 = 40 OF
LMTD = ( t1 - t2 ) / LN( t1 / t2 ) = 69.19724883 OF
R, Temperature group, (T1 T2) / (t2 t1) = 3.333333333 OF
S, Temperature
Temperature group,(t2correction
difference t1) / (T1 t1)Page no:828,
factor, = 0.214285714 OF
Fig.18 = Ft = 0.885

Note: Based on Ft , 1-2 Heat exchanger will be satisfactory.

t = LMTD * Ft = 61.23956521 OF

Step 3: AVERAGE FLUID TEMERATURES

Fc [ from fig.17 ] = = 0.405
Hot Fluid temperature, T2 + Fc ( T1 T2 ) = Tc = 281 OF
Cold Fluid temperature, t1+ Fc (t2 t1 = tc = 212 OF

Step 4 : Trial
Assume overall heat transfer coefficient,[ from table 10 ] = UD = 60 Btu /hr ft2. OF
Heat transfer area, Q / UD * t = A = 470.9373736 ft2
External surface per linear ft. [ from Table 10 ] = a'' = 0.1963 ft2 / ft.
Length of tube = L = 16.0000 ft.
Number of tubes, A / L * a'' = Nt = 149.9418535

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Assume Number of tube passes, = n = 2

From Table 9, with '' OD, 1'' square pitch, No of tubes = Nt = 166
Shell inside diameter = Dis = 17.25 in.

Corrected coefficient,
Heat transfer area, n * L * a'' = A = 521.3728 ft2
overall heat transfer coefficient,Q / A * t = UD = 54.19585067 Btu /hr ft2. OF
( Almost equal to assumed overall heat transfer coefficient )

Step 5 : Film coefficients [ TUBE SIDE ]

Flow area per tube [from Table 10 ,Kern book ] = at' = 0.302 in.2
Flow area ( N t* at' ) / 144* n = a = 0.1741 ft2
Mass velocity of fluid ( m/a) = Gt = 591717.8648 lb / ft2.hr
At tc = 212 OF
Viscosity of fluid at fluid temperature = = 1.31 lb / ft. hr
Tube inside diameter [from Table 10 ,Kern book ] = Di = 0.0517 ft.
Tube outside diameter [from Table 10 ,Kern book ] = Do = 0.0625 ft.
Reynolds number, D i * G t / = Re = 23337.47304
JH , [ from fig. 24 ] = JH = 79
At = 0.54 CP, from fig. 16, k [(C*)/k]1/3 = 0.167 Btu /(hr)( ft2.) (OF/ft.

Heat transfer coefficient for inside fluid = hi = JH * k/Di [(C*)/k]1/3 * t

= hi/t = 255
hio/t = hi/t * (Di / Do) = hio/t = 211 Btu /hr ft2. OF
Viscosity ratio = t = 1
Heat transfer coefficient w.r.t tube outside diameter = hio = 211 Btu /hr ft2. OF

Pressure drop :
Friction factor = f = 0.00021 ft2 / in.2
Specific gravity of fluid = s = 0.72
Pressure drop due to flow in tubes ,
P t = ( f * Gt2 * L * n ) / (5.22 * 1010 * s *Di * t ) = pt = 1.211672338 Psi
Drop due to velocity, [ from fig.27 in kern book] = v2/2g 0.05
Pressure drop due change in direction, pr
( 4* n * V2) / ( s * g * 2 ) = pr = 0.555555556 Psi
Total tube side Pressure drop , Pt + P r = PT = 1.767227893 Psi

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Step 5 : Film coefficients [ SHELL SIDE ]

Since the minimum baffle spacing will provide the greatest value of ho, Assume,
Baffle spacing, Dis / 5 = B = 3.45 in.
( Dis / 5 is the formulae given in kern , page no: 226)
Tube pitch = Pt = 1 in.
Tube outside diameter = Do = 0.75 in.
Clearance between tubes ( Pt Do ) = C' = 0.25 in.
Flow area ( Dis* C' *B)/(144*Pt) = as = 0.10332 ft2
Mass velocity of fluid ( m/a) = Gs = 288423.4405 lb / ft2.hr
At Tc = 281 OF, = = 3.63 lb / ft. hr
Equivalent diameter (4*(Pt2-(3.14*Do2/4))/(3.14*Do ))
(For square pitch ) = De = 0.9485138 in.
= 0.0790 ft.
Reynolds number = Re = 6280.385988
JH , [ from fig. 28 ] = JH = 42
At = 1.5 CP, from fig. 16, k [(C*)/k]1/3 = 0.224 Btu /(hr)( ft2.) (OF/ft.
Heat transfer coefficient for inside fluid = ho = JH * k/De [(C*)/k]1/3 * s
ho/s = 119.02
Viscosity ratio = s = 1
Heat transfer coefficient for outside fluid = ho = 119 Btu /hr ft2. OF
Tube wall temperature, tc +( (ho/ho+hio)*(Tc tc )) = tw = 236.7940442 OF

Pressure drop :
Friction factor = f = 0.00240 ft2 / in.2
Number of crosses, 12*L/B = N+1 = 56
Density of fluid = = 47.61239692
Acceleration due to gravity = g = 416692913 ft. / hr2
P = ( f * Gs2 * Ds * (N+1) ) / ( 2 * g * *De * s ) = P = 5.092532051 Psi

Clean overall coefficient, ((hio * ho) / (ho+hio)) = Uc = 76 Btu /hr ft2. OF

Dirt factor, Rd = ( Uc - Ud ) / ( Uc* Ud ) = Rd = 0.0053 hr ft2. OF / Btu

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CONCLUSIONS:

Heat transfer coefficient for outside fluid (SHELL SIDE) = ho = 119 Btu /hr ft2. OF

Heat transfer coefficient w.r.t tube outside diameter = hio = 211 Btu /hr ft2. OF

overall heat transfer coefficient = UD = 54.19585067 Btu /hr ft2. OF

Clean overall coefficient = Uc = 76 Btu /hr ft2. OF

Dirt factor = Rd = 0.0053 hr ft2. OF / Btu

Shell side Pressure drop = P = 5.092532051 Psi

Tube side pressure drop = PT = 1.767227893 Psi

Heat transfer area = A = 521.3728 ft2

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2.) (OF/ft.

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2.) (OF/ft.

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve

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= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve=

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v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15

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Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve

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= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve=

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v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15

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Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve

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= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve=

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v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15

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Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve

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= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve=

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v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15

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Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve

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= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve=

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v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15

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Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve

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= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g

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0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve=

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v2/2g 0.15 Drop due to ve= v2/2g 0.15

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Drop due to velocity, [ from fig.27 in kern book]

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