Politicians and leaders

These outstanding people are famous for their achievements

i n the fields of politics
and social reform. Identify them by choosing
the correct answers from the
help
box on the next
given page.

1. She is the youngest prime minister of New Zealand

in more than 150 years. She became the
prime
minister in October [Link] l

2. She became the youngest Nobel Laureate when she was

awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, for her protests
against injustice towards women and her work for girls
education. alaln oDs0>

3 Known as Babasaheb, he was a lawyer, politician,

and social reformer who made efforts for the
empowerment of the backward classes in India.
He played a major role in framing the Indian
Constitution. BRAnohed ko

4. He was an Indian scientist and leader who

played a
crucial role in developing India's missile and nuclear
weapon's programmes. He was also the president of India
from 2002 to 2007. A. Pa Abdul kalam

46
 Noted for her political skills, she became the first female
chancellor of Germany (in 2005) and the longest-serving
head of government in the European Union.
Hngia Mauk

. He wasthe youngest prime minister of India. He madee

inn
Technology and computers available to common people
India. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna
in

1991. Royiv uan dht

7. She was the first lady of the United States from

1993 to 2001. She has also served as the 67th US
Secretary of State. Hillayy Chnton

8. He led a long struggle against apartheid and the

racist white government of South Africa. He became
the first president of independent South Africa.
NelsOn Mandela

Jacinda Ardern A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Rajiv Gandhi

Malala Yousafzai
Angela Merkel Nelson Mandela B. R. Ambedkar
Hillary Clinton

Titbits
Razia Sultan, who ruled over India from 1236 to 1240 CE,
was the first woman ruler in Islamic history.

47
 y Family ant other Animals
By Geralkd Durell Was Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by
published Roald Dahl was published in 1964. It is
in 1956. It is a book about thee
author's childhood adventures the story of a boy
It also tells about the animal and his adventures
life
of Corfu Island, inside the chocolate
where he lived factory of the crazy
candy-makerWilly
Wonka.

Roald Dahl

Gerald Durell

Quick
Answer the following questions
quiz
ICan you name these famous authors87
a) b) c)

Shumpa Lahivt Vikram Seth

2 Who is the author of the book Grandma's Bag of Stories? Sud ha Mot
3 Name the comic book series leaturing a courageous Belgian reporter and his dog,
Snowy tntib
4 Which book by Lewis Carroll features
the story of a girl named Alice who falls dow
a rabbit hole and enters a
fantasy land? Aliec AdvenluS in uonduylavo
5
Author of the popular Rusty series and novels such The Blue
the hill station of
as
Umbrella, he liyes near
Mussoorie in Uttarakhand. Name him. RUSKIh Boo
49
 Globetrotting
T
nese pictures show some fascinating monuments of the world. Read the clues, and
une mese Structures, Pick your answers from the help box on the next page.

1. This beautiful house of worship, located in New

Delhi, India, has won many awards for its unusual
design. The construction was completed in 1986.
lofus Te mple

2 This ancient city in Pakistan, now in ruins, dates

2.
back to the Indus Valley civilisation. The name
of this city means 'the mound of the dead'.
Mahehi0 Davo

3. Built in the twelfth century by King Suryavarman,

this is the largest temple complex in the world.
Its walls depict scenes from the Ramayana and
Mahabharata. Anakoy Wat

4. This huge monument in Java is a popular Buddhist

pilgrimage site. 13axabuduYY

5. Located in China, this wall is ,

considered to be one of the Do you know what

a World Heritage
largest building-construction Site is?
projects ever undertaken.
LAveat wla of China

50
 This structture locatedin Istanbul, Turkey,
church,then
ther was made into a was first a
once
againa mosque, then a mu_eum,
mosqueHagn Sophia
is
and

This giant
naRnRAASS amphitheatre in Rome, built under the
A18309aERAN Flavian emperors, was the scene of thousands
of hand-to-hand
combats between men and wit
animals too. Calossuem

This bridge opened in 1937 in San Francisco

[Link] took less than five years to be built. It
i n k s San Francisco to Marin County in the north.

dun uali_Byidage

9. This popular landmark in Sydney, Australia, is a

concert hall with a unique roof that looks like it is
made of gleaming white sails._Cpevya House

10. This tower, located in Italy, has 294 steps inside it.
LeAning 1auLL of Pisa

Great Wall of China

Golden Gate Bridge Leaning Tower of Pisa Mohenjo-daro
Angkor Wat Colosseum Borobudur Hagia Sophia Opera House Lotus Temple

Titbits
The Holy City or the Vatican City, where the Pope lives,
s like a walled city within the city of Rome, It is the
Smallest independent nation state in the world.
LLLLI

51
 Invention is creating0 Photographic film for the
something new after a lot
of camera was first invented and
study and
experinments Used by George Eastman, who
started manufacturing paper
film in 1885. His first camera,
which he called 'Kodak, was first
offered for sale in 1888.

Smartphone is a mobile
Lolendat
telephone built with a
display screen, an operating
system, built-in personal
itla Navgati ******
management programs, and Discovery is
other applications. The first finding out something
that existed before but
smartphone was designed was unknown.
by IBM in 1993. However,
Clork
aera
Apple Inc. is credited for
bringing smartphones to the
Interaet Hone masses in 2000s.

Quick
Answer the following questions.
quiz
Who invented the telephone? Alexandey uvaham Bel
What is George Eastman famous for inventing? kaclak la meva
3 Which company designed the first fully electric sports car?Tesla Motayg
Who invented the basis for modern refrigeration?Wilarm Cullen
Which company is credited with theinvention of the iPod, which revolutionised the

music industry? Apple Lncs

Who invented thetelescope? aliLto
63
 Stars of the business world

Elon Musk is one of the co-founders Ratan Tata was the chairman of the
of the electronic Tata Group, one of the largest business
payment firm PayPal. houses in India. He is the great-
He also founded
SpaceX in grandson of the founder, Jamsetji
2002. He is the Tata. Under
chief executive Ratan Tatas
officer in Tesla, guidance, Tata
the electric car Motors bought
manufacturer. international
brands Jaguar
and Land Rover.

Narayana Murthy is an Indian industrialist. He is one

of the founders of Infosys, a leading international
IT company based in India. He has received many
awards, including the Padma Vibhushan.

Steve Jobs, along with Steve Wozniak,

Reed Hastings is the co-founder and CEO created Apple Computer, Inc. (now
of Netflix, a media-streaming company. Apple Inc.). Steve's leadership model
He founded Netflix in 1997 and since and unique business ideas have
then the inspired many
company has business
revolutionised leaders and
the world of organisations.
entertainment.

68
 were
In 1995, Sergey Brin and Larry Page
when they
Students at Stanford University
1998, the
Mazumdar-Sha is the founder Created a search engine. In
Today
Kiran
one of India's leading company Google Inc. was set up.
iocon,
search
GOogle is the most successful
of
otechnology companies. She has
Web.
engine on the World Wide
biote

awarded with many national

heen
be

and
international recognitions. She
has
received honorary doctorates
from several prestigious universities

"****-..

If I start my own
business, I would be
an entrepreneur too!
....**

Quick
quiz
Answerthefollowing questions.
the co-founder of Microsoft?_aul Allen
Who, along with Bill Gates, is
the CEO of Gap Inc., an apparel retailer,
Which Indian-born leader became
in 20207Sonio Snaa
Inc.?
Inc. and its holdingcompany Alphabet
Who is the CEO of both Google
Sundax ichai Limited?Dhiyubhau Ambani
Industies
Whowasthe founder of Reliance 1S not an online marketplace
Which of the following, started by Indian entrepreneurs,
Ola, or Snapdeal! OLa
LO
0r consumer goods-Flipkart,
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