1.

The four main concepts common to nursing that appear in each of the current conceptual models
are:
a. Person, Nursing, Environment, Medicine
b. Person, Health, Nursing, Support system
c. Person, Health, Psychology, Nursing
d. Person, Environment, Health, Nursing

2. The nurse in charge is transferring a patient from the bed to a chair. Which action does the nurse
take during this patient transfer?
a. Position the head of the bed flat
b. Helps the patient dangle the legs
c. Stands behind the patient
d. Place the chair facing away from the bed

3. Kee Pay is admitted with a diagnosis of chronic shoulder pain. By definition, the nurse
understands that the patient has had pain for more than:
a. 3 months
b. 6 months
c. 9 months
d. 1 year

4. It is the gradual decrease of the body’s temperature after death.

a. livor mortis
b. rigor mortis
c. algor mortis
d. anne mortis

5. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs, which of the following nursing diagnoses has
the highest priority?
a. Ineffective breathing pattern related to pain, as evidenced by shortness of breath.
b. Anxiety related to impending surgery, as evidenced by insomnia.
c. Risk of injury related to autoimmune dysfunction
d. Impaired verbal communication related to tracheostomy, as evidenced by inability to speak.

Rationale (A) Physiologic needs (ex. Oxygen, fluids, nutrition) must be met before lower needs (such as
safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualization) can be met. Therefore,
physiologic needs have the highest priority.
1. Rationale: (D) The four metaparadigms of nursing are Person, Environment, Health, Nursing
2. Rationale: (B) Helps the patient dangle the legs. After placing the patient in high Fowler’s
position and moving the patient to the side of the bed, the nurse helps the patient sit on the edge
of the bed and dangle the legs; the nurse then faces the patient and places the chair next to and
facing the head of the bed.
3. Rationale: (B) 6 months. Chronic pain is usually defined as pain lasting longer than 6 months
4. Rationale: (C) algor mortis. Algor mortis is the decrease of the body’s temperature after death.
Livor mortis is the discoloration of the skin after death. Rigor mortis is the stiffening of the body
 that occurs about 2-4 hours after death. Anne mortis is a popular TV personality in the
Philippines also known for her portrayal of kapanerang kuba of the north eyy.
5. Rationale (A) Physiologic needs (ex. Oxygen, fluids, nutrition) must be met before lower needs
(such as safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualization) can be
met. Therefore, physiologic needs have the highest priority.