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Indian Economy – Mains Question 02

1. Discuss the multifaceted nature of development and its relativity, considering individual circumstances,
societal perspectives, and the potential conflicts between economic growth and environmental conservation.
(10 marks, 150 words)

How to Approach the Question:

 Introduction: Start with acknowledging the multifaceted nature of development and its relativity within
20-30 words.
 Body: Explore the development's complexity, individual and societal perspectives, conflicts, and the
significance of well-being within 80-90 words.
 Conclusion: Emphasize the need for comprehensive well-being assessment and the limitations of using
averages for development evaluation within 20-30 words.

Answer:
Development is a complex and multifaceted concept that varies across individuals, communities, and nations.
It is not a one-size-fits-all notion, as it is influenced by individual circumstances and societal perspectives.
Key aspects defining the nature of development:
 Relativity of Development: Development is relative, meaning that what constitutes development for
one person or community may not hold the same meaning for another. It depends on individual
circumstances, opportunities, and needs.
 Impact on Different Sets of People: Development can have varied consequences for different
groups. For instance, empowering a girl with educational opportunities can be transformative for her
but might not significantly affect a boy already
enrolled in school.
 Conflict Between Economic Growth and
Environmental Conservation: There is often
tension between economic growth and
environmental conservation. While
development for some might involve the
sustainable use of local resources, industrial
activities, and deforestation can be perceived as
development by others, leading to conflicts
over priorities.
 Sustained Growth and Well-being: True
development encompasses sustained growth that brings positive changes to people's lives. It extends
beyond mere economic indicators and includes improvements in living standards, healthcare,
education, and overall well-being. The transition from 1000 to 1200 rupees in income, for example,
may not signify development if it doesn't lead to a better quality of life.
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 Comparison Across Individuals and Countries: Development can be compared across individuals
and nations, albeit with caveats. Well-being should be assessed more comprehensively compared to
monetary success alone.
 Disparities Hidden by Averages: Averages, like income statistics, can be misleading. Country A may
have a higher average income than Country B, but hidden income inequalities may impact overall well-
being. Averages hide disparities and should not be the sole measure of development.
In conclusion, development's multifaceted nature emphasizes the importance of considering individual
circumstances, societal perspectives, and the broader implications for environmental sustainability. Well-
being, encompassing various aspects of life, should be central to assessing and comparing development across
individuals and nations.

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