Male infertility refers to the inability of a man to contribute to conception or causes difficulties in

achieving pregnancy. It affects approximately 7% of men worldwide. Male infertility can be caused by a
variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, genetic defects, physical impairments, sexually
transmitted infections, lifestyle factors, and environmental toxins. Here are the different types of male
infertility:

1. Azoospermia: A condition where semen does not contain any sperm. This can be due to a blockage in
the reproductive tract or a problem in the testicles, leading to a lack of sperm production.

2. Oligospermia: A condition in which the semen has a low sperm count. This can occur due to a variety
of factors, including hormonal imbalances, testicular damage, and genetics.

3. Asthenozoospermia: A condition in which the sperm are unable to move effectively or are immotile.
This can be a result of genetic defects, infections, or injuries.

4. Teratozoospermia: A condition in which the sperm cells are abnormally shaped, reducing their ability
to fertilize an egg.

5. Retrograde Ejaculation: A condition in which the semen is ejaculated into the bladder instead of out
of the penis. This can be caused by nerve damage or surgery in the prostate or bladder.

6. Varicocele: A condition in which the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, leading to reduced blood
flow and overheating of the testicles. This can cause low sperm count or poor sperm motility.

7. Hormonal Imbalances: A variety of hormonal imbalances can impact male fertility, including changes
in levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone.

8. Immunological factors: Sometimes men develop antibodies against their own sperm, causing
infertility.

In conclusion, there are various types of male infertility, and identifying the underlying cause is essential
in developing an effective treatment plan. Many male fertility problems can be treated or managed
through lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery.