Ν 1945.Νϟϥϔύνϝϟϝνϡϣϖϝνϣϣϫϙϧϔϟ?Ν Ϧϲѐθіѕͼϼνϻϵђєёϼͼνєθϸђ϶ϴν Ν 1945.Νtheνendνoњνtheνneаνbeggining?Ν Tсоцкtтмνcшххомtтшчνшпνartтмхоsν Ν Ν Ν

Ν
1945.ΝϞϤϔύΝϜϟϜΝϡϢϖϜΝϣϢϫϙϦϔϞ?Ν
ϦϹЀϴІЅϾϼΝϻϵЂЄЁϼϾΝЄϴϸЂ϶ϴΝ
Ν
1945.ΝTHEΝENDΝOЊΝTHEΝNEАΝBEGGINING?Ν
TСОЦКtТМΝCШХХОМtТШЧΝШПΝArtТМХОsΝ
Ν
Ν
Ν
ϜϡϥϦϜϦϧϦΝϛϔΝϡϢϖϜύϧΝϜϥϦϢϤϜύϧΝϥϤϕϜύϙΝ
ϕϼϵϿϼЂІϹϾϴΝ„ϛϵЂЄЁϼЊϼΝЄϴϸЂ϶ϴ“,ΝϵЄ.Ν13Ν
ϠϧϛϙύΝϚϤϦϔϖϔΝϗϙϡϢϪϜϘϔ,ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ
Ν
Ν
а авач
ϘЄΝϠϼϿϹΝϕЛϹϿϴЛϴЊΝ
ϣЄЂЈ.ΝϸЄΝϖϹМϾЂΝЂЇЄϼОΝϠϼЌϼЁϴΝ
Ν
Г
Editor in Chief
ϘЄΝϛЂЄϴЁΝύϴНϹІЂ϶ϼОΝ
Ν
У ђ
Editorial Board
ϘЄΝϔϿϹϾЅϹЛΝύ.ΝϦϼЀЂЈϹЛϹ϶Ν
ϘЄΝϘЄϴϷϴЁΝϔϿϹϾЅϼОΝ
ϘЄΝϖϿϴϸϼЀϼЄΝϪ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼОΝ
ϣЄЂЈ.ΝϸЄΝϢϿϹϷΝϖϴϿϹЁІϼЁЂ϶ϼЋΝϤЂЀϴЁьϾЂ,ΝϤЇЅϾϴΝϨϹϸϹЄϴЊϼЛϴΝ
ϣЄЂЈ.ΝϸЄΝϙЁϼϾϹΝϬϴЛІϼ,ΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾϴΝ
ϣЄЂЈ.ΝϸЄΝϩϴЄϴϿϸΝϩϹЃЁϹЄ,ΝϔЇЅІЄϼЛϴΝ
ϣЄЂЈ.ΝϸЄΝϞϴЄϿΝϕϹІϾϹ,ΝϡϹЀϴЋϾϴΝ
ϘЄΝϡϼϾϼЊϴΝϕϴЄϼО,ΝϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾϴΝ
Ν
Ν
ј – Editorial Secretary
ϘЄΝϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸϴЄΝϥІЂЛϴЁЂ϶ϼОΝ
Ν
– Reviewers
ϣЄЂЈ.ΝϸЄΝϞϴІЄϼЁΝϕϹϾΝΝ
ϘЄΝϔЄЃϴϸΝϩЂЄНϴϾΝ
IЋBNΝ978-86-7005-133-1Ν
Ν
Ϣ϶ϴЛΝІϹЀϴІЅϾϼΝϻϵЂЄЁϼϾΝЛϹΝЁϴЅІϴЂΝϾϴЂΝЄϹϻЇϿІϴІΝЄϴϸϴΝЁϴΝЃЄЂЛϹϾІЇΝΝ
ј ј ђ :
њ ј ј/ ј ј ΝΝ
(ϵЄ.Ν47027)ΝϾЂЛϼΝЈϼЁϴЁЅϼЄϴΝϠϼЁϼЅІϴЄЅІ϶ЂΝЃЄЂЅ϶ϹІϹ,ΝЁϴЇϾϹΝΝ
ϼΝІϹЉЁЂϿЂЌϾЂϷΝЄϴϻ϶ЂЛϴΝϤϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϹΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝ
Ν
Ν
Ν
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Ν
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Ν
Ν
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1945.ΝϞϤϔύΝϜϟϜΝϡϢϖϜΝϣϢϫϙϦϔϞ?Ν
Ν
ϦϹЀϴІЅϾϼΝϻϵЂЄЁϼϾΝЄϴϸЂ϶ϴΝ
Ν
Ν
Ν
Ν
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Ν
Ν
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Ν
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ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν2016.ΝΝ
ϧϘϞΝ323.281(4)ΥΥ1944/1950ΝΝ
ΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ343.275/.278(4)Ο1944/1950ΟΝ
ΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ323.281(497.11)Ο1944/1950ΟΝ
ΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ341.322.5(497.11)Ο1944/1950Ο ђа
ЋΝ(1972)Ν
ЁϴЇЋЁϼΝЅϴЄϴϸЁϼϾΝ
ϜЁЅІϼІЇІΝϻϴΝЅϴ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЇΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЇ,ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ
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ΝΝ
ϤϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝϵϼ-
ϿϴΝЛϹΝЃЄϹϸЂϸЄϹђϹЁϴΝЁϼϻЂЀΝЅϿЂϺϹЁϼЉΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϼЉ,ΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼЉΝϼΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌ-
ϾЂ-ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝЈϴϾІЂЄϴ.ΝϣЂЃЇІΝЂЅІϴϿϼЉΝϻϹЀϴМϴΝϼЅІЂЋЁϹΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϹ,ΝЁϴϾЂЁΝЃЂ-
ϵϹϸϹΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϼЉΝЅЁϴϷϴΝЃЂЅϿϹΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝІϹϺϼϿЂΝЅϹΝϼЀϼІϼ-
ЄϴНЇΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂϷΝϼЅϾЇЅІ϶ϴΝЇΝϼϻϷЄϴϸНϼΝЅЂЊϼЛϴϿϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϴ,ΝϾЄЂϻΝЅЃЄϹ-
ϷЇΝϼΝϼϸϹЂϿЂϷϼЛϹΝϼΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹΝϾЂЛЇΝЛϹΝЅЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϼϿϴΝЃϴЄІϼЛЅϾϴΝϸЄϺϴ϶ϴΝϼЁЅІϼІЇ-
ЊϼЛϴЀϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ϴЁϼЀΝЃЂΝЇϷϿϹϸЇΝЁϴΝЃЄ϶ЇΝϻϹЀМЇΝЅЂЊϼЛϴϿϼϻЀϴΝ–ΝІϴϸϴΝЛϹϸϼЁϼΝЃЄϴ-
ϾІϼЋЁϼΝ ЇϻЂЄΝ ЀϿϴϸϼЀΝ ј .Ν ϥΝ ϸЄЇϷϹΝ ЅІЄϴЁϹ,Ν Ѕ϶ϴϾϴΝ ϻϹ-
ЀМϴΝЛϹΝϵϼϿϴΝЅϿЇЋϴЛΝϻϴΝЅϹϵϹ.ΝϥЇϾЂϵΝϷϿЂϵϴϿЁЂϷΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЂϷΝЀЂϸϹϿϴΝϾЂЛϼΝ
ЅϹΝЁϴЀϹІϴЂΝϼΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϼΝЃЂЄϴІЁϼЉΝЅЃϹЊϼЈϼЋЁЂЅІϼΝЄϴђϴЂΝЛϹΝЄϴϻЁЂ-
1
Ν ϤϴϸΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϴЃϼЅϴЁΝ ЇΝ ЂϾ϶ϼЄЇΝ ЃЄЂЛϹϾІϴΝ ј ј 20. :
ђ ј Ν (ϵЄЂЛΝ 177016),Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϸЂϵЄϼϿЂΝ ϼΝ ЈϼЁϴЁЅϼЄϴΝ ϠϼЁϼЅ-
ІϴЄЅІ϶ЂΝЃЄЂЅ϶ϹІϹ,ΝЁϴЇϾϹΝϼΝІϹЉЁЂϿЂЌϾЂϷΝЄϴϻ϶ЂЛϴΝϤϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϹΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.Ν
ϥϤЂϔϡΝϪϖϙϦϞϢϖϜϐΝ
ϿϼϾΝЅЃϹϾІϴЄΝϼΝϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІΝЁϴЅϼМϴ,ΝϾЂЛϹΝЅϹΝЇΝЃЄ϶ЂЛΝЈϴϻϼΝЋϹЅІЂΝϻϴϾϿϴНϴϿЂΝϼϻϴΝ
ЄϹϴϿЁϹΝЃЂІЄϹϵϹΝϻϴΝϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϹЀΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁϴІϴ.ΝϤϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϴΝϼΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴ-
ЛЇΝϼΝЃЂΝЂϾЂЁЋϴНЇΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝЅϹΝЅІЂϷϴΝЀЂЄϴЛЇΝЃЂЅЀϴІЄϴІϼΝϾϴЂΝϸϹЂΝ
ЌϼЄϹϷΝϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾЂϷ,ΝЃЂЅϹϵЁЂΝϼЅІЂЋЁЂϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾЂϷΝЈϹЁЂЀϹЁϴ,ΝЇΝϾЂЁІϹϾЅІЇΝ϶ЄϹЀϹ-
Ёϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝϼΝϾϴЂΝЃϿЂϸΝЂЅЂϵϹЁϼЉΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁЂ-ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼЉΝЇЅϿЂ϶ϴΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϴΝЁϴΝІϿЇΝ
ϥЄϵϼЛϹΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ.ΝΝ
ϥΝІϼЀΝЇΝ϶ϹϻϼΝЂϸЀϴЉΝЁϴΝЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝЃЂІЄϹϵЁЂΝЛϹΝϸϴІϼΝϸ϶ϹΝЀϹІЂϸЂϿЂЌϾϹΝ
ЁϴЃЂЀϹЁϹ.ΝϣЄ϶Ђ,ΝЇЃЄϴ϶ЂΝІϼΝЃЂЅϹϵЁϼΝЇЅϿЂ϶ϼΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝЂϸЄϹϸϼ-
ϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЇЀЁЂϷЂЀϹΝ ϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІΝ ϼΝ ЂϵϿϼϾϹΝ ЁϴЅϼМϴΝ ϼΝ ЂІϹϺϴ϶ϴЛЇΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴЋϼЀϴΝ
ϸϴΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂΝЄϴϻϿЇЋϹΝϺЄІ϶ϹΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϹΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹΝ(ϾϿϴЅЁϹΝϼΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝЁϹЃ-
ЄϼЛϴІϹМϹ)Ν ϼΝ ϺЄІ϶ϹΝ ЄϴІЁϹΝ ЂЅ϶ϹІϹ.Ν ϘЄЇϷЂ,Ν ЀЁЂϷϼΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϾϴϺНϹЁϼΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇϸϴΝ
ϼϿϼΝ ЃЄϹϸΝ ϼЁЅІЄЇЀОЁІϴϿϼϻЂ϶ϴЁϼЀΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝ ϴΝ ЂϻЁϴЋϹЁϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϾϴЂΝ ЄϴІЁϼΝ ϻϿЂ-
ЋϼЁЊϼΝ ϼϿϼΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁІϼΝ ІЂΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϼ,Ν ϶ϹОΝ ЅϹΝ ЄϴϸϼΝ ЂΝ ЄϴІЁЂЛΝ ЂЅ϶ϹІϼΝ ϼϿϼΝ
ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁЂЛΝ ϻϿЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϼΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼϻЀКΝ ЇΝ Ѕ϶ЄЉЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴΝ
ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹΝϼϿϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЀΝЄϴϻϿЂϻϼЀϴ.ΝϥІЂϷϴΝЃЂϸϴІϾϹΝϾЂЛϹΝОϹЀЂΝϼϻЁϹІϼΝЂ϶ϸϹΝϻϴΝ
ϥЄϵϼЛЇΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛЇΝ ϼΝ ϸϹϿϼЀϼЋЁЂΝ ϾЂЀЃϴЄϼЄϴІϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϼЅϾЇЅІ϶ЂЀΝ ϼЅІЂЋЁϹΝ ϼΝ
ϻϴЃϴϸЁϹΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϹΝϴΝІϼЋЇΝЅϹΝϵЄЂЛϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝϼϿϼΝЅЇϸЅϾϼΝϾϴϺНϹЁϼЉΝІЄϹϵϴΝ
ЇϻϹІϼΝЅϴЀЂΝЇЅϿЂ϶ЁЂΝϼΝЇΝЂ϶ЂЀΝϾЂЁІϹϾЅІЇ.ΝϜϻЁϹІϼΝЃЂϸϴЊϼΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϸЂЅϴϸϴ-
ЌНϼЉΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝІЄϹϵϴΝϸϴΝЇϾϴϺЇΝЅϴЀЂΝЁϴΝІϹЁϸϹЁЊϼЛЇΝϼΝЃЄЂϵϿϹЀϹΝЀϴЅЂ϶-
ЁϹΝ ϻϿЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϹΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼϻЀϴΝ ЇΝ ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϹΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϹΝ Ѕ϶ЄЉϹΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЄϴЛЇΝ
ϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴ.ΝΝ
ϞϴϾЂΝ ЅЇΝ ϸϴϾϿϹΝ ϼϻϷϿϹϸϴϿϼΝ ϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϹΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁϴІϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅΝ ϸϹЁϴ-
ЊϼЈϼϾϴЊϼЛϹΝЇΝЃЂЄϴІЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝϴΝϾϴϾЂΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ?Ν
„ в ач а“ а а а а а в Ν
ΝΝ Ν
ϢϵЄϴЋЇЁΝ ЅϴΝ ЂЁϼЀϴΝ ϻϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЅϹΝ ЅЀϴІЄϴϿЂΝ ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϶ϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЊϼΝ ЀЁЂϷϼЉΝ
ЅІЄϴϸϴНϴΝϼΝЃϴІНϼΝ–ΝЁϴЊϼЅІϼЀϴΝϼΝНϼЉЂ϶ϼЀΝЃЂЀϴϷϴЋϼЀϴΝϼΝЅϼЀЃϴІϼϻϹЄϼЀϴΝ–Ν
ϵϼЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЄϼЂЄϼІϹІΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЄϴЛЇΝ ЄϴІϴΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ ЃЄ϶ϼЀΝ ϷЂϸϼЁϴЀϴΝ ЀϼЄϴΝ ЇΝ ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ Ѕ϶ϼЀΝ
Ϲ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЀΝϸЄϺϴ϶ϴЀϴ.ΝϜЃϴϾΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼΝ϶ϴЁϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϼΝЂϵϿϼЊϼΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ-
ЛϹΝϼϿϼΝІϻ϶.Ν њ ΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЉΝϻϴΝЅϴЄϴϸНЇΝЅϴΝЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄЂЀ,ΝЇϻΝЁϹϻϴЂ-
ϵϼϿϴϻЁϹΝϹϿϹЀϹЁІϹΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝϼΝϿϼЋЁϹΝЂЅ϶ϹІϹ,ΝϵϼϿϼΝЅЇΝЄϹІϾϴΝЃЂЛϴ϶ϴΝЇΝЃЂЅϿϹ-
ЄϴІЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼ.ΝϢ϶ϴЛΝЈϹЁЂЀϹЁΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝϼϻЄϴϺϹЁΝЛϹϸϼЁЂΝЁϴΝІϹЄϼ-
ІЂЄϼЛϴЀϴΝϾϴЄϴϾІϹЄϼЅІϼЋЁϼЀΝЃЂΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁЂЛΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϼΝЇΝІЂϾЇΝЄϴІϴΝϼΝϼϻЄϴ-
ϺϹЁЂЛΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁЂЛΝЃЂϿϴЄϼϻϴЊϼЛϼ,ΝϴϿϼΝЁϼЅЇΝϵϹϻΝϻЁϴЋϴЛϴΝЁϼΝЈϴϾІЂЄϼΝЀϹЁІϴϿϼ-
ІϹІϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝ ϾЇϿІЇЄϹ.Ν ϢЅЁЂ϶ЁϼΝ ϹϿϹЀϹЁІΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼЂΝ ЁϹΝ ϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾЂ-Ν
-ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϼΝ ЀЂЀϹЁϴІ,Ν ϶ϹОΝ ЄϴІЁϴΝ ЂЅ϶ϹІϴΝ ЃЂϵϹϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϻϴΝ ϺЄІ϶ϹΝ ЇΝ ЄϴІЇ,Ν
ϴϿϼΝ ЃЄϴ϶ϸϴΝ ЁϼΝ ІϴЀЂΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ Ї϶ϹϾΝ ЃЂϷϴђϴϿϴΝ ЁϴЛЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄЁϼЛϹ.Ν ϧΝ а Ν ЅϹΝ
ЁϴΝЃЄϼЀϹЄΝϵЄЂЛΝ϶ϴЁЅЇϸЅϾϼЉΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝЁϴΝϵϿϼϻЇΝ9.000,ΝЂϸΝІЂϷϴΝ
ЛϹΝЂϾЂΝ2.400ΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁϴІϴΝЇϵϼЛϹЁЂΝЃЄϹΝϼЅϾЄЊϴ϶ϴНϴ,Ν5.000ΝЇΝ϶ЄϹЀϹΝϼЅϾЄЊϴ-
϶ϴНϴΝ ϼΝ ІϹϾΝ ЂϾЂΝ 1.600Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝ ЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇ.Ν ϠϴЉЂЀΝ ЅЇΝ ІЂΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ
ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝ ϺϴЁϸϴЄЀϹЄϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ Ͼ϶ϼЅϿϼЁЌϾЂϷΝ ϴЃϴЄϴІϴ.Ν ϡϴϾЂЁΝ ІЂϷϴΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ ЛϹΝ
ЇϾЇЃЁЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ 3.000Ν ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼ,Ν ЂϸΝ ЋϹϷϴΝ 1.600Ν ϶ϴЁЅЇϸЅϾϼЉ,Ν ЃЄϹІϹϺЁЂΝ ЇΝ
46Ν
ϤϙϣϤϙϥϜύϔΝϞϢϠϧϡϜϥϦϜϫϞϢϗΝϤϙϚϜϠϔΝϧΝϥϤϕϜύϜ...Ν
ЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾЂЀΝЇЃЂЄϼЌІЇΝϠϼϸϼЛЇ.ΝϥЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЅЇΝϸЂΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ1945.ΝϼϻЄϹϾϿϼΝЂϾЂΝ
2.853Ν ЅЀЄІЁϹΝ ϾϴϻЁϹ,Ν ЂϸΝ НϼЉΝ ЛϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ 767Ν ϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁЂ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЅЇΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ
ϸЂЁϹϿϼΝЛЂЌΝ757ΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϴ.ΝϣЂЄϹϸΝІЂϷϴ,ΝЂϾЂΝ50.000ΝМЇϸϼΝЛϹΝϾϴϺНϹЁЂΝ
ЂϸΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϴΝ ЋϴЅІϼΝ (degradation nationale).2Ν ϨЄϴЁЊЇϻϼΝ ЇϾМЇЋϹЁϼΝ ЇΝ ЁϹЀϴЋϾЇΝ
ϥϥΝ ϸϼ϶ϼϻϼЛЇΝ „ϞϴЄϿЂΝ ϖϹϿϼϾϼ“Ν ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ЅЇΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІ.Ν ϡϴЛЋЇ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝ
ЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝ϶ЂђϹЁϼΝЅЇΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝЀϴЄЌϴϿϴΝϨϼϿϼЃϴΝϣϹІϹЁϴ (ЉϹЄЂЛϴΝϼϻΝϣЄ϶ЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІ-
ЅϾЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴ)Ν ϼΝ ϣУϹЄϴΝ ϟϴ϶ϴϿϴ,Ν ЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ ЀϼЁϼЅІЄϴΝ ϼЁЂЅІЄϴЁϼЉΝ ЃЂЅϿЂ϶ϴΝ
ϖϼЌϼЛϹ϶ЅϾϹΝ϶ϿϴϸϹ.ΝϣЄ϶ЂЀΝЛϹΝЅЀЄІЁϴΝϾϴϻЁϴΝϻϵЂϷΝЅІϴЄЂЅІϼΝЃЄϹϼЁϴЋϹЁϴΝЇΝϸЂ-
Ϻϼ϶ЂІЁЇΝЄЂϵϼЛЇΝ(ϵϼЂΝЛϹΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝЇΝϣЂЄІϴϿϹЇ,ΝϸϴΝϵϼΝϻϵЂϷΝϵЂϿϹЅІϼΝϵϼЂΝЃЄϹ-
ϵϴЋϹЁΝЇΝЛϹϸЁЇΝ϶ϼϿЇΝЇΝϣЂЄІΝϚЂϴЁ϶ϼϿЇΝϷϸϹΝЛϹΝϼΝЇЀЄЂΝ1951),ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝϸЄЇϷϼΝЃЂ-
ϷЇϵМϹЁ.Ν ϜϸϹЂϿЂϷЇΝ ϖϼЌϼЛϴΝ ϬϴЄϿЇΝ ϠЂЄϴЅЇΝ Ϻϼ϶ЂІΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂЌІϹђϹЁΝ ϻϵЂϷΝ ЅІϴЄЂ-
ЅІϼΝϼΝЁϹЇЄϴЋЇЁМϼ϶ЂЅІϼ.Ν
ϧΝ ЂЅІϴϿϼЀΝ ϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝ ϵЄЂЛϾϹΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЅЇΝ ϶ϼЌϹЅІЄЇϾЂΝ ЀϴНϹ,Ν ϴΝ ЇϵϼЅ-
Іϴ϶ϴΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϴΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝІϹϾΝЅЃЂЄϴϸϼЋЁЂΝϼϿϼΝϼЉΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЇЂЃЌІϹ.Νϧ -
Ν ЛϹΝ ЂІ϶ЂЄϹЁЂΝ ЋϴϾΝ ЂϾЂΝ 634.000Ν ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝ (ЂϸΝ ЂЅϴЀΝ ЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴ),Ν
87.000ΝЛϹΝϼϻ϶ϹϸϹЁЂΝЃЄϹϸΝЅЇϸΝϴΝ77.000ΝϾϴϺНϹЁЂ,ΝЃЄϹЅЇђϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЋϴϾΝ2.117ΝЅЀЄІ-
ЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ (ϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁЂΝ Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ 242)Ν ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ϸЂϵЄЂ϶ЂМЊϼЀϴΝ ϥϥΝ ϸϼ϶ϼϻϼЛϴ.Ν ϧ
а ЛϹΝ150.000–200.000ΝМЇϸϼΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁЂΝϻϴΝЅϴЄϴϸНЇΝЅϴΝЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄЂЀ,Ν
ЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝϸЂϵЄЂ϶ЂМЊϼΝЇΝϥϥΝϸϼ϶ϼϻϼЛϴЀϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝЛϹΝϻЁϴІЁЂΝЀϴНϼΝϵЄЂЛΝϾϴϺНϹЁΝϴΝ
ЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝ ЀϴϿϼΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЅЀЄІЁЂЀΝ ϾϴϻЁЂЀ.3Ν ϧ а ,Ν ϼϴϾЂΝ ЅЇΝ Ѕ϶ЂЛϹΝ ЁϴЊϼЅІϹΝ
ϻ϶ϴϿϼΝ„ЁϴЊϼЅІϼΝЂϸΝЁЂ϶ЋϴЁϼϾϴ“ΝϻϵЂϷΝϵϿϴϷЂЅІϼΝЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЂЁЂϷΝЄϹϺϼЀϴ,ΝϼЃϴϾΝЅЇΝ
2
ΝϔЃЂϿЂϷϹІϼΝϖϼЌϼЛϴΝІ϶ЄϸϼϿϼΝЅЇΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЇΝ„ϸϼ϶МϼЀΝЋϼЅІϾϴЀϴ“Ν1944.ΝЇϵϼЛϹЁЂΝ100.000ΝЂЅЂϵϴ.ΝϡЂΝ
Ђ϶ϴΝ ϵЄЂЛϾϴΝ ЁϼϾϴϸϴΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ ЃЄϼЉ϶ϴОϹЁϴΝ ϾϴЂΝ Ї϶ϹЄМϼ϶ϴ.Ν ϡϹϾϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄϼΝ І϶ЄϸϼϿϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ
Ђ϶ϼЀΝЋϼЅІϾϴЀϴΝЇϵϼЛϹЁЂΝϼϻЀϹђЇΝ30.000ΝϼΝ40.000ΝЂЅЂϵϴ.ΝϘϹΝϗЂϿЂ϶ϴΝ϶ϿϴϸϴΝЛϹΝЂЅЁЂ϶ϴϿϴΝϜЅІЂ-
ЄϼЛЅϾϼΝ ЂϸϵЂЄΝ ϻϴΝ ЃЄЂЇЋϴ϶ϴНϹΝ ϘЄЇϷЂϷΝ Ѕ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ 50-ϼЉΝ ЃЂϾЄϹЁЇЂΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϹΝ
ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ϸϼ϶МϼЉΝ ЋϼЅІϾϼ.Ν ϘЂЌϿЂΝ ЅϹΝ ϸЂΝ ϵЄЂЛϾϹΝ ЂϸΝ 9.000Ν ЂЅЂϵϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϹΝ ЃЂϸΝ
ЂЃІЇϺϵЂЀΝϻϴΝЅϴЄϴϸНЇΝЅΝЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϼЀϴ,ΝЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝϵϹϻΝϼϾϴϾ϶ЂϷΝЅЇђϹНϴ.ΝϦϹΝЅЇΝЂЅЂϵϹΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼ-
ЄϴЁϹΝЇΝЄϴϻϸЂϵМЇΝЃЄϹΝϼΝЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝЁϴϾЂЁΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝЂϸΝЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЛϹ.ΝϢϸΝЅϹЃ-
ІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944.Ν϶ϹОΝЛϹΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁϴΝЀЄϹϺϴΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϴΝϻϴΝЅЇђϹНϹΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϼЀϴ.ΝϖϼЅЂϾϼΝ
ЅЇϸ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЅЇϸϼЂΝ϶ϼЅЂϾϼЀΝϸЇϺЁЂЅЁϼЊϼЀϴΝϖϼЌϼЛϴ,ΝϸЂЁϹЂΝЛϹΝ18ΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼ,ΝЂϸΝЋϹϷϴΝ10Ν
,,ЇΝ ЂϸЅЇІЁЂЅІϼ“.Ν ϢϸΝ ЂЅϴЀΝ ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЅЇΝ ІЄϼΝ ϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁϹ.Ν ϥЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЃЄϴ϶ϸϹ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ
ЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ ЂЅІϴϿϼЀΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϼЀϴ,Ν ϸЂЁϹϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ 3.910Ν ϾϴϻЁϼΝ ,,ЇΝ ЂϸЅЇІЁЂЅІϼ“Ν ϼΝ 2.853Ν ,,ЇΝ
ЃЄϼЅЇІЁЂЅІϼ“ΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁЂϷ.ΝϢϸΝІϹΝ2.853ΝϾϴϻЁϹΝϘϹΝϗЂϿΝЛϹΝЃЄϹϼЁϴЋϼЂΝϾϴϻЁЇΝЇΝ73ΝЃЂЅІЂΝЅϿЇЋϴ-
ЛϹ϶ϴ,ΝϴΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЅϴЀЂΝ767ΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼ.ΝϧΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЂЛΝЛϹΝЃЂϾЄϹЁЇІЂΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ
311.000Ν ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝ ЃЂϸΝ ЂЃІЇϺϵЂЀΝ ϻϴΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇ.Ν ϕЇϸЇОϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ ІϹΝ ЂЃІЇϺЁϼЊϹΝ ЁϹϾϴϸϴΝ
ЇϾМЇЋϼ϶ϴϿϹΝ ϼΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂЅЂϵϴ,Ν ЃЄϹϸΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴЌϿЂ,Ν ЂϾЂΝ 350.000Ν ϨЄϴЁЊЇϻϴ.Ν ϧΝ 60Ν ЃЂЅІЂΝ
ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝЂЃІЇϺЁϼЊϹΝЅЇΝЂϸϵϴЋϹЁϹ.ΝϧΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ171.000ΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝϸЂЁϹЅϹЁϹΝЅЇΝЃЄϹ-
ЅЇϸϹΝϼΝЂЁϹΝЅЇΝЇΝІЄϼΝЋϹІ϶ЄІϼЁϹΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝϵϼϿϹΝІϴϾ϶ϹΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼΝЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϹЁϼΝϾЄϼ϶ϼЀϴ.Ν
ϖϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ40.000ΝЂЅЂϵϴΝЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЇΝЅϾϿϴϸЇΝЅΝІϼЀϹΝЁϴΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄΝϼϿϼΝϼЁІϹЄЁϴЊϼЛЇ,ΝϴΝ50.000ΝЁϴΝ
degradation national.ΝϢЅϼЀΝІЂϷϴ,ΝЄϴϻЁϹΝЇЅІϴЁЂ϶ϹΝϼЀϴϿϹΝЅЇΝЅ϶ЂЛϹΝЂϸϵЂЄϹΝϻϴΝЋϼЅІϾЇ.ΝϘϹϿЂ϶ϴ-
НϹЀΝІϼЉΝЂϸϵЂЄϴΝϼϻЀϹђЇΝ20.000ΝϼΝ28.000ΝЂЅЂϵϴΝϾϴϺНϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЇϾЂЄЂЀΝϼϿϼΝЂІЃЇЅІЂЀΝϼϻΝЅϿЇϺ-
ϵϹ.ΝJuХТКЧΝJКМФsШЧ,ΝFrance: The Dark Years 1940–1944,Ν(NОаΝВШrФ:Ν2003),Ν577–579;ΝϖϴϿІϹЄΝ
ϟϴϾϹЄ, ј 1945–1992,Ν (ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:Ν ϞϿϼЂ,Ν 1999),Ν 45–54;Ν Ϝ϶ϴЁΝ ύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν
– ј Ј ј 1804–2002, (ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:ΝϥϿЇϺϵϹЁϼΝϷϿϴЅ-
ЁϼϾ,ΝϞϿϼЂ,Ν2012),Ν402–404;ΝVХКНТЦТrΝGОТРОr, Tito i likvidacija hrvatskih zarobljenika u Blaj-
burgu,Ν НКtuЦΝ prТstupКΝ 16.Ν 3.Ν 2016,Ν Сttp://ааа.sМrТЛН.МШЦ/НШМ/253542969/VХКНТЦТr-GОТРОr-
TТtШ-Т-ХТФvТНКМТУК-СrvКtsФТС-гКrШЛХУОЧТФК-u-BХКУЛurРuΠsМrТЛНΝ
3
ΝϟϴϾϹЄ . .,Ν45–54.Ν
47Ν
ЀЁЂϷϼΝϵϼϿϼΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼΝЁϴΝϸЇϷϹΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЅϾϹΝϾϴϻЁϹ,ΝЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϼЉΝ϶ЂђϴΝϸϴЁЅϾϼЉΝЁϴЊϼ-
ЅІϴΝϨЄϼЊΝϞϿϴЇϻϹЁΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЇЀЄЂΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝ5.ΝϸϹЊϹЀϵЄϴΝ1947.ΝϷЂϸϼЁϹ.ΝϧΝ -
в Ν ЅЇΝ ЁϴΝ ЁϹϾϼΝ ЁϴЋϼЁΝ ϾϴϺНϹЁϼΝ ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ Ѕ϶ϼΝ ЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϼΝ ЃЄЂЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝ
ЅІЄϴЁϾϹ,ΝϼϻЄϹЋϹЁЂΝЛϹΝ30ΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼΝϻϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇΝϼΝ15ΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂ-
ЋϼЁϹΝϴΝЂϾЂΝ17.000ΝЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝЛϹΝϿϼЌϹЁЂΝЅϿЂϵЂϸϹ.ΝϧΝЇЀϹЄϹЁЂЛΝ а ΝЂЅЇ-
ђϹЁϴΝЅЇΝЁϴΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЅϾϹΝϾϴϻЁϹΝϿϼЊϴΝϾЂЛϴΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϴΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝЁϹЀϴЋϾϼЉΝЅЁϴϷϴΝ
ϻϵЂϷΝ϶ϹϿϹϼϻϸϴЛϹΝ(Іϻ϶.Ν ).ΝϘϹ϶ϹϸϹЅϹІϼЉΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝЂЅЇ-
ђϹЁϼΝЅЇΝϟϼІ϶ϴЁϴЊΝϩ.Νϥ϶ϼϾϹЄϼЅΝ(ϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЇϵЄϻЂΝЇЀЄЂ)ΝϼΝϵϹϿЂЄЇЅϾϼΝЁϴЊϼЅІϴΝϔ.Ν
ϥϴ϶ЂНЇϾΝЁϴΝϸЂϺϼ϶ЂІЁЇΝЄЂϵϼЛЇ.ΝϠЄϴЋЁϴΝЅІЄϴЁϴΝϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϴΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝϼϻЄЇЋϹ-
НϹΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝϤЇЅϴΝϥϥϥϤ-Ї,ΝЀϹђЇΝϾЂЛϼЀϴΝϼΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝЃЂІЂЀϴϾϴΝϹЀϼϷЄϴЁϴІϴΝϾЂЛϼΝ
ЅϹΝЇЂЃЌІϹΝЁϼЅЇΝϵЂЄϼϿϼΝЇΝЄЇЅϾЂЛΝЂЅϿЂϵЂϸϼϿϴЋϾЂЛΝϴЄЀϼЛϼ.4ΝΝ
ч а ЅϹ,ΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϷϿЂϵϴϿЁЂϷΝЅЃЂЄϴϻЇЀϴΝ϶ϹϿϹЅϼϿϴ,ΝЁϴЌϿϴΝЇΝϼЁІϹ-
ЄϹЅЁЂЛΝЅЈϹЄϼΝϛϴЃϴϸϴ.ΝϤϴϻ϶ЂЛΝϸЂϷϴђϴЛϴΝЇΝІЂϾЇΝЄϴІϴΝϵϼЂΝЛϹΝϼЁϴЋϹΝЅϿϼЋϴЁΝЅϼІЇϴ-
ЊϼЛϼΝЇΝЅЇЅϹϸЁЂЛΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ,ΝϴϿϼΝϻϵЂϷΝϵЄϼІϴЁЅϾϹΝ϶ЂЛЁϹΝϼЁІϹЄ϶ϹЁЊϼЛϹΝЁϴΝϻϴ-
϶ЄЌϹІϾЇΝЄϴІϴΝЁϼЛϹΝϸЂЌϿЂΝϸЂΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶МϴНϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷΝЄϹϺϼЀϴ.ΝϣЂϸϹ-
ϿϹΝЁϴΝ϶ϹЁϼϻϹϿϼЅІϹΝϼΝЀЂЁϴЄЉϼЅІϹΝЄϴϻϸϼЄϴϿϹΝЅЇΝϷЄЋϾЂΝϸЄЇЌІ϶Ђ.ΝϧЃЄϾЂЅΝІЂЀϹΝ
ЁϴΝ ІϿЇΝ ϗЄЋϾϹΝ ЃЂЁϼϾϴЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЅЁϴϺϴЁΝ ЃЂϾЄϹІΝ ЂІЃЂЄϴ.Ν
(ϙϔϠ)ΝЁϴΝЋϹϿЇΝЅϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЀϴΝϼЀϴЂΝЛϹΝϴЄЀϼЛЇΝ(ϙϟϔϥ)ΝϾЂЛϴΝЛϹΝϵЄЂЛϴϿϴΝЂϾЂΝ
80.000Ν МЇϸϼ.Ν ϤϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϴЁЅϾЂ-ϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІЅϾЇΝ ЂЄϼЛϹЁІϴЊϼЛЇΝ ϼЀϴЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϙϘϙϥΝ ЅϴΝ
ЂϾЂΝ 5.000Ν ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴ,Ν ЃЄϹϸ϶ЂђϹЁΝ ЃЇϾЂ϶ЁϼϾЂЀΝ ϡϴЃЂϿϹЂЁЂЀΝ ϛϹЄ϶ϴЅЂЀ.Ν ϢϾ-
ІЂϵЄϴΝ1942.ΝЅІ϶ЂЄϹЁΝЛϹΝϼΝІЄϹОϼΝЃЂϾЄϹІ,ΝϙϞϞϔΝ(ϡϴЄЂϸЁЂΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϼΝЂЅϿЂϵЂ-
ϸϼϿϴЋϾϼΝЃЂϾЄϹІ)ΝЁϴΝЋϹϿЇΝЅϴΝЃЇϾЂ϶ЁϼϾЂЀΝϣЅϴЄЂЅЂЀΝ(ЂϾЂΝ1.000ΝМЇϸϼ).ΝϣЂЄϹϸΝ
ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷ,Ν Єϴϻ϶ϼЂΝ ЅϹΝ ІЄЂЅІЄЇϾϼΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾϼΝ ЄϴІΝ ЇΝ ϾЂЛϹЀΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЄϹ϶ϴϷЇΝ
ЂϸЁϹЂΝЁϴЛЛϴЋϼΝЃЄЂϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼΝϙϟϔϥ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЂЃІЇϺϼ϶ϴЂΝϙϘϙϥΝϻϴΝЃϴЅϼ϶-
ЁЂЅІΝϼΝЅϴЄϴϸНЇΝЅϴΝϡϹЀЊϼЀϴ.5ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝЁϹϾϼЀΝЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴ,ΝЇΝϗЄЋϾЂЛ,ΝЂЅϼЀΝЅЃЂ-
ЄϴϸϼЋЁϼЉΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴ,ΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЅЇΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ2.076Ν
ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼ,ΝϴΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ19.000ΝЛϹΝЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝЁϴΝ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЅϾϹΝϾϴϻЁϹ,ΝϿЂϷЂЄϹΝϼΝ
ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹΝЃЂΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϴΝϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹ.6Ν
4
ΝϜЅІЂ;ΝStatistikk over landssvik 1940–1945, Statistics on treason and collaboration 1940—1945,Ν
(ϢsХШ,Ν 1954);Ν „ϤϹЉϴϵϼϿϼІϴЊϼЛϴΝ ЇΝ Ϲ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЀΝ ϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝ –Ν ϣЂ϶ЄϴІϴϾΝ ЂІЃϼЅϴЁϼЉ“,Ν ,Ν ϵЄ.Ν
2868,Ν15.ΝϸϹЊϹЀϵϴЄΝ2005.Ν
5
ΝϤϼЋϴЄϸΝϞϿЂϷ,Ν ј Г ,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:ΝϞϿϼЂ,Ν2000),Ν120–131;ΝЋ.ΝCШurtШТs,ΝJ.ΝL.Ν
ЈКЧЧО,Ν,,KШЦТЧtОrЧКΝuΝКФМТУТ“,ΝCrna knjiga komunizma,Ν(ГКРrОЛ:ΝGХШЛus,Ν2001),Ν308.Ν
6
ΝϟϴϾϹЄ,Ν . .,Ν45–54;ΝϞusШurТsΝDТЦТtrТs,ΝFrom Revolution to Restoration. Transnational Implica-
tions of the Greek Purge of Wartime Collaborators,Ν DОКХТЧРΝ аТtСΝ АКrsΝ КЧНΝ DТМtКtШrsСТpsΝ
(2014), НКtuЦΝ prТstupКΝ 3.Ν 4.Ν 2016,Ν Сttps://ааа.КМКНОЦТК.ОНu/5901648/FrШЦИЊОvШХutТШЧИtШИΝ
ЊОstШrКtТШЧИTrКЧsЧКtТШЧКХИIЦpХТМКtТШЧsИШПИtСОИGrООФИЈurРОИШПИАКrtТЦОИCШХХКЛШrКtШrsИΝ
2014И,Ν145–161;ΝAЦКХТКΝЋФШurК,ΝDIЋTЊICTΝOFΝMEЋЋENIAΝBETАEENΝ1945ΝANDΝ1953-«Ν
ΗΝ ȎΘΝΙΚΗΝ ΝȎΜȎ΢Ι΢Ν ΘΑΝ ȎΙΝΑΙΝ ΑȍΤ΢ΩΠΗΣΟ΢»Ν ȍΙΚȎ΢Ν ȍΟ΢ΙΛΟΓΩΝΝ ΢ΣΟΝ ȎΙȍΙΚΟΝ
ȍΙΚΑ΢ΣΗΡΙΟΝ ȍΟ΢ΙΛΟΓΩΝΝ ΚΑΛΑΜΩΝΝ (1945–1953),Ν НКtuЦΝ prТstupКΝ 4.Ν 4.Ν 2016,
ааа.КМКНОЦТК.ОНuΝ /2216772/ЈЊOЋECUTIONИOFИTHEИCOLLABOЊATOЊЋИOFИTHEИΝ
AБIЋИINИTHEИDIЋTЊICTИOFИMEЋЋENIAИBETАEENИ1945ИANDИ1953ИΗИȎΘΝΙΚΗИΝ
ȎΜȎ΢Ι΢ИΘΑИȎΙΝΑΙИΑȍΤ΢ΩΠΗΣΟ΢ИȍΙΚȎ΢ИȍΟ΢ΙΛΟΓΩΝИ΢ΣΟИȎΙȍΙΚΟИȍΙΚΑ΢ΣΗΡΙ
ΟИȍΟ΢ΙΛΟΓΩΝИΚΑΛΑΜΩΝИ1945-1953;ΝJОХОЧϴΝLТХТΕ,ΝComparison between Serbia, Greece
and Bulgaria – Trials of Collaborators 1944–1948,Ν(HuРШΝVКХОЧtТЧОΝCОЧtϹr,ΝUpsКХКΝUЧТvОrsТtвΝ
2013,ΝЀϴЅІϹЄΝЄϴϸΝЇΝЄЇϾЂЃϼЅЇ).ΝΝ
48Ν
ΝϧΝ а ЅЇΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼЅІϼΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ ЁϹЌІЂΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ϺЇЅІЄϼ,Ν ϼϴϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ

ϻ϶ϴЁϼЋЁϴΝϵЄЂЛϾϴΝЂϸΝ1.732ΝϿϼЊϴΝ„ЇϵϼЛϹЁϴΝϼΝЁϹЅІϴϿϴ“ΝЅЀϴІЄϴΝЅЇ϶ϼЌϹΝЁϼЅϾЂЀ.
ϥЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЇЅІϴЁЂ϶МϹЁϼΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝϵϴ϶ϼϿϼΝЅЇΝЅϹΝЅϴЀЂΝЈϴЌϼЅІϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝ
ЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼΝϴϾІϼ϶ЁϼΝϼΝЁϴΝ϶ϼЅЂϾϼЀΝЃЂϿЂϺϴЛϼЀϴ.ΝϢϸΝ800.000ΝϸЄϺϴ϶-
ЁϼЉΝ ЅϿЇϺϵϹЁϼϾϴ,Ν ϶ϹОϼЁЂЀΝ ЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝ ЃϴЄІϼЛϹ,Ν ЅϴЀЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ
ЅІЂІϼЁϴΝ ЇϸϴМϹЁЂΝ ЅϴΝ ЃЂϿЂϺϴЛϴ.Ν ϡϴЛ϶ϴϺЁϼЛϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝ ϶ЂђϹЁϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ϶ЂЛ-
ЁϼЉΝ϶ЂђϴΝϤЂϴІϹΝ(ϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЇЅЄϹϸΝЅЇђϹНϴΝЃЂϵϹϷϴЂ)ΝϼΝϗЄϴЊϼЛϴЁϼЛϴ.ΝϣЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹ-
НЇΝ ЅϹ϶ϹЄЁϹΝ ϜІϴϿϼЛϹ,Ν ϠЇЅЂϿϼЁϼЛϹ϶ЂЀΝ ЇЃЂЄϼЌІЇΝ 1944–1945,Ν ЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϼΝ
ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЂЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЅІϴЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϴ.Ν ϛ϶ϴЁϼЋЁϴΝ ϵЄЂЛϾϴΝ ЂϸΝ
1.732Ν„ЇϵϼЛϹЁϴΝϼΝЁϹЅІϴϿϴ“ΝЅЀϴІЄϴΝЅϹΝЅЇ϶ϼЌϹΝЁϼЅϾЂЀΝ(ϼϴϾЂΝЅЇΝЁϹЂЈϴЌϼЅІϼΝ
ЃЄϹЇ϶ϹϿϼЋϴ϶ϴϿϼΝІϴЛΝϵЄЂЛ).ΝϣЂЅϿϹΝϴЀЁϹЅІϼЛϹΝЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1946.ΝЅϴЀЂΝЛϹΝЂϾЂΝ4.000Ν
ЈϴЌϼЅІϴΝ ϼΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝ ЂЅІϴϿЂΝ ЇΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϼЀϴ.Ν ϜІϴϿϼЛϴΝ ϼΝ ϔЇЅІЄϼЛϴΝ ЅЇΝ
ϵϼϿϹΝ ЁϴЛЃЂЃЇЅІМϼ϶ϼЛϹΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЁϴЊϼЅІϼЀϴΝ ϵЇϸЇОϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЂϷЄЂ-
ЀϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝЁϴЌϴЂΝЇΝЅϿЇϺϵϼΝЂ϶ϼЉΝЄϹϺϼЀϴ.7 Ν
ϧΝ ач ΝЂϷЄЂЀЁϴΝ϶ϹОϼЁϴΝϵϼϿϴΝЛϹΝЃЂ϶ϹϻϴЁϴ,ΝϴϾЂΝЁϹΝЅΝ
ЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾЂЀΝЅІЄϴЁϾЂЀ,ΝЂЁϸϴΝЅΝЁϹϾЂЀΝЂϸΝЌϹϻϸϹЅϹІϴϾΝЃЂϸЄϹђϹЁϼЉΝЛЂЛΝЂЄϷϴЁϼ-
ϻϴЊϼЛϴ.ΝϥϴЁϾЊϼЛϹΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϹΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϹ:ΝϻϴΝ ΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЅϾϴΝϾϴϻЁϴΝ
ϸЂΝ10ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴ,ΝЄϴϸЁϼΝϿЂϷЂЄ,ΝЇϾϿϴНϴНϹΝЅϴΝЛϴ϶ЁЂϷΝЃЂϿЂϺϴЛϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝϾЂЁЈϼЅϾϴ-
ЊϼЛϴΝϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹ;Ν ϼϻЄϼЊϴЁϹΝЅЇΝϾϴϻЁϹΝЂϸΝЁϹϾЂϿϼ-
ϾЂΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝЄЂϵϼЛϹΝϸЂΝЁЂ϶ЋϴЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼ;ΝϸЂϾΝЅЇΝ ΝЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝЂЅϿЂ-
ϵϴђϴЁϼ.Ν ϛϵЂϷΝ ϶ϹϿϼϾϼЉΝ ІϹЉЁϼЋϾϼЉΝ ЃЄЂϵϿϹЀϴΝ (ЃЄϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ ЅϴΝ ЅЇϸЅІ϶ЂЀΝ –Ν 80ΣΝ
НϼЉΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЇΝЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾЂЛΝЅІЄϴЁЊϼ),ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЃЄϹЇЅЀϹЄϴ϶ϴНϹЀΝЃϴϺНϹΝЁϴΝϩϿϴ-
ϸЁϼΝЄϴІΝϼΝЂϵЁЂ϶ЇΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϹ,ΝϴЀϹЄϼЋϾϼΝ϶ЂЛЁϼΝϷЇ϶ϹЄЁϹЄΝЛϹΝϴ϶ϷЇЅІϴΝ1946.ΝЃЄЂϷϿϴ-
ЅϼЂΝϴЀЁϹЅІϼЛЇ ϻϴΝЀϿϴђϹΝЂϸΝ27ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝϴϾЂΝЁϼЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝЁϴΝ϶ϼЅЂϾϼЀΝЈЇЁϾЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ
ЇΝϩϼІϿϹЄЛЇϷϹЁϸЇ.ΝϜΝϸЂЊЁϼЛϹΝϴЀЁϹЅІϼЛϹΝ1947–1948.ΝЂЀЂϷЇОϼϿϹΝЅЇΝϸϴΝЂЁϼΝϾЂ-
ЛϼΝЅЇΝϼЀϴϿϼΝЁϹЅЄϹОЇΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЅΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝНϼЉΝ϶ЂϸϼΝЁϴΝЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝϵЇϸЇΝЀЁЂϷЂΝ
ЄϼϷЂЄЂϻЁϼЛϹΝϾϴϺНϹЁϼΝϸЂϾΝЅЇΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝЁϹϾϼΝϼΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝϼϻϵϹϷϿϼΝϾϴϻЁЇ.ΝϞЄϴЛϹЀΝ
ЛЇЁϴΝ1948,Ν϶ЂЛЁϴΝ϶ϿϴЅІΝЛϹΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЅІϴϿϴΝϸϴΝϾЂЁІЄЂϿϼЌϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЅΝϸϹЁϴЊϼЈϼ-
ϾϴЊϼЛϹΝЃϴΝЛϹΝЂЁϴΝϼΝЃЄϴϾІϼЋЁЂΝϻϴЀЄϿϴ.ΝΝ
ϢϸΝ 13Ν ЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝ ЂϵЇЉ϶ϴОϹЁϼЉ,Ν 3,2Ν ЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϼϻ϶ϹϸϹЁЂΝ ЃЄϹϸΝ ЅЇϸ,Ν ϴΝ
ЁϹЌІЂΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ЂϸΝ 2,4Ν ЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϴЀЁϹЅІϼЄϴЁЂ.Ν ϢϸΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅЇϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ 800.000Ν
ϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝ1.500ΝІϹϺϼЉΝЃЄϹЅІЇЃЁϼϾϴ,Ν21.000ΝЃЄϹЅІЇЃЁϼϾϴΝϼΝ475.000ΝЃЄϼЅІϴϿϼ-
Њϴ.Ν ϞϴϻЁϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϹΝ ЅϿϹϸϹОϹ:Ν 9.000Ν ЛϹΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝ ЁϴΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЅϾЇΝ ϾϴϻЁЇ,Ν 22.000Ν
ЇϾϿЂНϹЁЂΝϼϻΝЛϴ϶ЁϼЉΝЅϿЇϺϵϼ,Ν28.000ΝϾϴϺНϹЁЂΝЂϸЇϻϼЀϴНϹЀΝϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹ,ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝ
500.000ΝЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝЁϴΝЁЂ϶ЋϴЁЇΝϾϴϻЁЇ.8ΝϦЄϼϵЇЁϴϿϼΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϹΝЂЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ
ЅЇΝ ЇϾЇЃЁЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ 5.000Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЂϸΝ ЋϹϷϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 750Ν ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІ,Ν ϴΝ ЇΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂЛΝ ϻЂЁϼΝ
14.820,Ν ЂϸΝ ЋϹϷϴΝ 138Ν ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІ.Ν ϡϴЛЋЇ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝ ЅЇϸЅϾϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅΝ ϶ЂђϹЁΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ϡϼЄ-
ЁϵϹЄϷЇΝЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν24ΝЁϹЀϴЋϾϴΝЄϴІЁϴΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϴΝ(ϗϹЄϼЁϷ,ΝϤϼϵϹЁІЄЂЃ,ΝϤЂϻϹЁϵϹЄϷ,Ν
ϩϹЅ,ΝϞϴЛІϹϿΝϼΝϸЄ.);ΝЃЂЋϹЂΝЛϹΝϴ϶ϷЇЅІϴΝ1945.ΝϼΝЃЂІЄϴЛϴЂΝЛϹΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝϷЂ-
ϸϼЁЇΝ ϸϴЁϴ.Ν ϏϼЉΝ ϸϹЅϹІΝ ЛϹΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІ,Ν ІЄϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹЁϴ,Ν ϴΝ ЂЅІϴϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ
ЂЅЇђϹЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЅϾϹΝ ϾϴϻЁϹ.Ν ϣЂЅϹϵЁЂΝ ϻϴЁϼЀМϼ϶Ν ЅϿЇЋϴЛΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ а,Ν
7
ΝϟϴϾϹЄ,Ν . .,Ν51.Ν
8
ΝϕЄϴЁϾϴΝϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛϹ϶ϼО,Ν„ϠϴЅЂ϶ЁϴΝЋϼЌОϹНϴΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϴ“,Ν њ ,ΝϵЄ.Ν2/1997,Ν(ϕϹЂ-
ϷЄϴϸ,Ν1997),Ν130.Ν
49Ν
ϷϸϹΝЛϹΝЁϴЊϼϻϴЀΝϼЀϴЂΝЀЁЂϷЂΝϸЇϵМϹΝϾЂЄϹЁϹΝϼΝ϶ϹОЇΝЃЂϸЄЌϾЇΝЁϹϷЂΝϼϷϸϹ.ΝϧΝНЂЛΝ
ЛϹΝЅϴЀЂΝЂϾЂΝ9.000ΝМЇϸϼΝϼϻ϶ϹϸϹЁЂΝЃЄϹϸΝЅЇϸΝϴΝϼϻЄϹЋϹЁЂΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝ35ΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴ-
ϻЁϼ.Ν ϔЇЅІЄϼЛЅϾЂΝ ЃЄϴ϶ЂЅЇђϹΝ ЅЇЂЋϼϿЂΝ ЅϹΝ ЅϴΝ „ϻϴ϶ϹЄЂЀΝ ОЇІϴНϴ“Ν ЛϹЄΝ ЁϼϾЂΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ
ЉІϹЂΝϸϴΝЅ϶ϹϸЂЋϼΝЂΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϼЀϴ.9ΝΝ
ϘЂϾΝ ЅϹΝ ЇΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂЛΝ ч ач Ν ϸϹЁϴЊϼЈϼϾϴЊϼЛϴΝ Ѕ϶ЂϸϼϿϴΝ
ЁϴΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϼΝЃЄЂϵϿϹЀΝЅЂЊϼЂϹϾЂЁЂЀЅϾϹΝЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϹ,ΝЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿϼϻЂ϶ϴНϹΝ
ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹ,Ν ϾЂЁЈϼЅϾϴЊϼЛЇΝ ϼϿϼ,Ν ϴϾЂΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ „ϾЄЇЃЁϴΝ Єϼϵϴ“,Ν ЇϾМЇЋϼ϶ϴНϹΝ
϶ϿϴЅЁϼϾϴΝ ЇΝ ϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϼΝ ϴЃϴЄϴІ,Ν ϸЂІϿϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЇΝ а а ач Ν ЅЃЄЂ϶ЂђϹЁϹΝ
Ѕ϶ϹЂϵЇЉ϶ϴІЁϼЛϹΝЀϹЄϹ:ΝЄϴЅЃЇЌІϴНϹΝϡϥϘϔϣΝϼΝЅЄЂϸЁϼЉΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЛϴ,ΝЇϾϼϸϴ-
НϹΝ Ѕ϶ϼЉΝ ЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ϻϴϾЂЁϴ,Ν ϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϹΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝ ϼΝ ЇϾϿϴНϴНϹΝ
Ѕ϶ϼЉΝ϶ϼђϹЁϼЛϼЉΝЁϴЊϼЅІϴΝЅϴΝЇІϼЊϴЛЁϼЉΝϼΝЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄЁϼЉΝЈЇЁϾЊϼЛϴΝ(ϸϹЁϴЊϼЈϼϾϴ-
ЊϼЛϴΝЇΝЇϺϹЀΝЅЀϼЅϿЇ).ΝϤϴϻϿϼϾϹΝЇΝЂϸЁЂЅЇΝЃЄϹЀϴΝІЂЛΝЀϹЄϼΝϼϻϴϻϼ϶ϴϿϹΝЅЇΝІЄ϶ϹНϴΝ
ЇΝϡϴϸϻЂЄЁЂЀΝЅϴ϶ϹІЇ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝ1948.ΝЃЄϹЅІϴЂΝЅϴΝЄϴϸЂЀ.ΝϡϴЛ϶ϹОϼΝЃЄЂϵϿϹЀΝϾЂ-
ЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝЇ ϜЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝϡϹЀϴЋϾЂЛ,ΝϻϴΝЄϴϻϿϼϾЇΝЂϸΝϕЇϷϴЄЅϾϹ,ΝϣЂМЅϾϹ,ΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾϹΝϼΝ
ϤЇЀЇЁϼЛϹΝϷϸϹΝЅЇΝЃЂЅІЂЛϴϿϹΝЅЁϴϺЁϹΝϴϷЄϴЄЁϹΝЃϴЄІϼЛϹ,ΝЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶МϴϿϼΝЅЇΝЅЂЊϼ-
ЛϴϿϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϼ.ΝϘЂϾϴϻϴЁЂΝϴЁІϼЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϼΝЄϴЅЃЂϿЂϺϹЁϼ,ΝϴϿϼΝϼЅІЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂΝЅϴΝ
ЌϼЄЂϾЂЀΝЄϴϸЁϼЋϾЂЀΝϵϴϻЂЀ,ΝЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶МϴϿϼΝЅЇΝЅЇ϶ϼЌϹΝЅЁϴϺЁЂϷΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ
ϻϴΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϹ,Ν ЁϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЛϹΝ ϷϿϹϸϴЁЂΝ ϾϴЂΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϹΝ ЀϴЄϼЂЁϹІϹ.Ν ϥЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϼΝ ϼΝ
ϼЅІЂЋЁЂЁϹЀϴЋϾϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЇΝЄϴϻϸЂϵМЇΝ1945–1950.ΝЂЅЇϸϼϿϼΝЅЇΝЂϾЂΝ5.000ΝЅЂЊϼ-
ЛϴϿϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϴΝЂϸΝϾЂЛϼЉΝЛϹΝ400ΝЇЀЄϿЂΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇ.10ΝϥϴЀЂΝЇΝϕЇЉϹЁ϶ϴϿϸЇΝ(ϷϸϹΝЛϹΝ
1937–1945.Ν ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝ 50.000Ν ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴΝ ЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝ ϡϹЀϴЋϾϹ)Ν 1945–
1950.Ν ϷЂϸϼЁϹΝ ЃЄЂЌϿЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϾЂΝ 7.000Ν ј - . ϦϴЛЁϴΝ ЃЂϿϼЊϼЛϴ
ϬІϴϻϼΝЛϹΝϻϴΝЋϹІϼЄϼΝϸϹЊϹЁϼЛϹΝЄϴϸϴΝЅϴЋϼЁϼϿϴΝЁϹ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁϼЉΝ170ΝϾЀΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼ-
ІϼЉΝϸЂЅϼЛϹϴΝϼΝЃЄϴІϹОϼЉΝЀϴІϹЄϼЛϴϿϴΝ(ϼϿϼΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ3.000.000ΝЂЃϹЄϴІϼ϶ЁϼЉΝЃϹЄ-
ЅЂЁϴϿЁϼЉΝϿϼЋЁϼЉΝϸЂЅϼЛϹϴ)ΝЁϴΝϾЂЛϼЀϴΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝϴЁϷϴϺЂ϶ϴЁϴΝЋϴϾΝ91.000ΝЃϿϴОϹ-
ЁϼЉΝЅϴЄϴϸЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЂϾЂΝ200.000ΝϸЂЇЌЁϼϾϴΝ(ІЛ.Ν1,2ΣΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ϴ).11ΝΝ
а а а в а ч в
Ν
ϧΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛЇΝ ј ,Ν ЃЂЄϹϸΝ ϹϿϹЀϹЁϴІϴΝ ЄϴІЁϹΝ ЂЅ϶ϹІϹΝ ϼΝ
ϿϼЋЁϼЉΝЀЂІϼ϶ϴ,ΝІϹЄЂЄΝЛϹΝϼЀϴЂΝϼΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾЂ-ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЇΝϵЂЛЇ,ΝЃЄϼΝЋϹЀЇΝ
ЅЇΝϷϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝϾЂЄϼЅІϼϿϼΝЇΝЅ϶ЄЉЇΝϹϿϼЀϼЁϴЊϼЛϹΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹΝϼΝ
ЅІϴϵϼϿϼϻЂ϶ϴНϴΝ ЁЂ϶ϹΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼ.Ν ϛϴΝ ЄϴϻϿϼϾЇΝ ЂϸΝ ϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾϹΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЉΝ ϻϴЃϴϸЁϼЉΝ
ϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϼЛϴ,Ν ϶ϴЁϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЂЁϴϿЁШΝ ,,ЋϼЌОϹНϹ“,Ν ЁϴЅϼМϹΝ ЇΝ ϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝ ϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝ
9
ΝϞϴЅЁϼЛϹΝЅЇΝЂϸЄϺϴЁϼΝϼΝЀЁЂϷϼΝϸЄЇϷϼΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝϾЂЀϴЁϸϴЁІϼЀϴΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЀΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝϼΝ
НϼЉЂ϶ϼЀΝ ЃЂЀϴϷϴЋϼЀϴ,Ν ϼЁϸЇЅІЄϼЛЅϾϼЀΝ ЃЄϹϸЇϻϹОϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϵϴЁϾϴЀϴΝ (ϜϗΝ ϨϴЄϵϹЁ,Ν ϨϿϼϾ,Ν ϞЄЇЃ,Ν
ϤϴЛЈϴЛϻϹЁΝϼΝϸЄ.),ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЂЁϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЄϴϸϼϿϼΝЇΝЅЃϹЊϼЛϴϿЁϼЀΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϴЀϴΝϻϴΝ„ϾЂЁϴЋЁЂΝЄϹЌϹ-
НϹ“.ΝϥЇђϹНϴΝЅЇΝІЄϴЛϴϿϴΝ϶ϼЌϹΝϷЂϸϼЁϴ.ΝϫЇ϶ϹЁЂΝЅЇђϹНϹΝϔЛЉЀϴЁЇΝЂϸЄϺϴЁЂΝЛϹΝЅϾЂЄЂΝІЄϼΝϸϹЊϹ-
ЁϼЛϹΝ ϾϴЅЁϼЛϹ,Ν ЂЅЂϵМЇΝ ϔЇЌ϶ϼЊϴΝ 1963,Ν ЃЄЂЊϹЅΝ ϠϴЛϸϴЁϹϾΝ 1975,Ν ϴΝ ЅЇђϹНϹΝ ϞϿϴЇЅЇΝ ϕϴЄϵϼЛЇΝ
„ϿϼЂЁЅϾЂЀΝϾЂМϴЋЇ“ΝІϹϾΝ1987. ϟϴϾϹЄ,Ν . .,Ν49;ΝύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν . .,Ν402.Ν
10
ΝKКrОХΝBКrtШšОФ,Ν,,ЋrОНЧУКΝТΝJuРШТstШčЧКΝEvrШpКΝ–ΝžrtvОΝФШЦuЧТгЦК“,ΝCrna knjiga komunizma,Ν
(ГКРrОЛ:ΝGХШЛusΝ2001),Ν367.ΝΝ
11
ΝϣЄϹϸϴ϶ϴНϹΝϷђϹΝϠϴЄϼЛϴЁϹΝϕϼЄІϿϹЄ,Ν,,ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІΝϾϴЂΝϷϴЄϴЁІΝϸϼϾІϴІЇЄϹΝϧЛϹϸϼНϹЁϹΝ
ϥЂЊϼЛϴϿϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝЃϴЄІϼЛϹΝϡϹЀϴЋϾϹΝ(ϥϙϘ)“,Ν10.Ν10.Ν2008,ΝϗϹІϹΝϼЁЅІϼІЇІΝ-ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ.Ν
50Ν
ЃϴΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ ЃϿЂϸΝ ϹϾЅЊϹЅϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ

,,϶ϴЁЄϹϸЁЂϷΝЅІϴНϴ“Ν϶ϹОΝϸϹЂΝϸϹІϴМЁЂΝЄϴϻЄϴђϹЁЂϷΝϼΝϸЂϵЄЂΝ϶ЂђϹЁЂϷΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼ-
ЂЁϴЄЁЂϷΝ ЃϿϴЁϴ.Ν ϣЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂΝ ЁϴЅϼМϹΝ ЛϹΝ Ђ϶ϸϹΝ ЃЄϹЄϴЅϿЂΝ ЇΝ ІЄϴЛϴЁ,Ν ІЂІϴϿϴЁΝ ϼΝ
Ѕϴ϶ЄЌϹЁΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ϶ЁϼΝЅϼЅІϹЀΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЃЂІЄϴЛϴЂΝϸϹЊϹЁϼЛϴЀϴ,ΝϴΝϾЂЛϼЀΝЛϹΝϷЂЅЃЂ-
ϸϴЄϼϿϴΝЅ϶ϹЃЄϼЅЇІЁϴΝІϴЛЁϴΝЅϿЇϺϵϴΝЂЅϿЂНϹЁКΝЁϴΝЃЂϿϼЊϼЛЇ,Ν϶ЂЛЅϾЇΝϼ,ΝЁϴЄϴ϶ЁЂ,Ν
ІЇϺϼϿϴЌІ϶ϴΝϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶Ϲ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЇΝЅІϴМϼЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЀΝЅϼЅІϹЀϼЀϴΝЃЂЅІϴϿϼΝЂЅЁЂ-
϶ЁϼΝЅІЇϵЂ϶ϼΝЄϹϺϼЀϴ.ΝΝ
ΝϢϾЂЁЋϴНϹЀΝ ϘЄЇϷЂϷΝ Ѕ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴ,Ν ϶ЂђϹЁϼΝ ІϹЂЄϼЛЂЀΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϴϾЅЂЀΝ ϿϹ-
НϼЁϼϻЀϴ-ЅІϴМϼЁϼϻЀϴ,Ν ϻϴЃЂЅϹ϶ЌϼΝ ϾМЇЋЁϹΝ ЃЂϿЇϷϹΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ (ЃЂϿϼЊϼЛЇΝ ϼΝ ЅЇϸ-
ЅІ϶Ђ),Ν ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝ ϼЅІЂЋЁЂϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЉΝ ϻϹЀϴМϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЅЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϼϿϼΝ ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛЇΝ ЇΝ
϶ϼЌϹΝϹІϴЃϴ.ΝϡϴЛЃЄϹΝϵϼΝЅϹΝϾЄЂϻΝϾЂϴϿϼЊϼЛЇΝЂϵЄϴЋЇЁϴϿϼΝЅϴΝЁϹϼЅІЂЀϼЌМϹЁϼ-
ЊϼЀϴΝ϶ϴЁΝЈЄЂЁІϴ,ΝЃЂІЂЀΝЅϴΝϾЂϴϿϼЊϼЂЁϼЀΝЃϴЄІЁϹЄϼЀϴΝЇΝЈЄЂЁІЇΝ(ЅϿϼЋЁЂΝϾϴЂΝ
ϵЂМЌϹ϶ϼЊϼΝЅϴΝϹЅϹЄϼЀϴΝ1917)ΝϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝЅϴΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϼЀϴΝЇЁЇІϴЄΝЃϴЄІϼЛϹΝ–Ν
ЋϼЀϹΝЛϹΝЇЋ϶ЄЌОϼ϶ϴЁϴΝЃЄϴ϶Ђ϶ϹЄЁЂЅІΝ϶ЄЉЂ϶ЁЂЀΝ϶Ђђϼ.ΝϤϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϼΝІϹЄЂЄΝ
ЁϴϸΝ ЁϴЅϿϹђϹЁϼЀΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЀΝ ϼΝ ЅЂЊϼЛϴϿЁϼЀΝ ЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϴЀϴΝ ЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝ ЅϹΝ ϺЇ-
ЅІЄЂΝ ЅЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϼЂΝ ЇΝ ЂϾЂϿЁЂЅІϼЀϴΝ ϻϴ϶ЄЌϹІϾϴΝ ϘЄЇϷЂϷΝ Ѕ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴΝ ϼΝ ЁϹЃЂ-
ЅЄϹϸЁЂϷΝЃЄϼЅЇЅІ϶ϴΝϪЄ϶ϹЁϹΝϴЄЀϼЛϹΝ(ϴ϶ϷЇЅІΝ1944Ν–ΝЀϴЛΝ1945)ΝϾϴϸϴΝЅϹΝЇΝЅ϶ϼЀΝ
ϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝ ЅЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϼΝ њ .Ν ϥϴЀЂΝ ϸϹϿЂЀΝ Ђ϶ЂϷΝ ЋϼЌОϹ-
НϴΝЇЃЄϴ϶МϴϿϼΝЅЇΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ(ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼΝϼϿϼΝ϶ϴЁЄϹϸЁϼ)ΝϸЂϾΝЅЇΝЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝЂϸΝϾЄϴЛϴΝ
ЄϴІϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄ϶ϼЉΝ ЃЂЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ЀϹЅϹЊϼΝ ЃЄϹЂ϶Ͽϴϸϴ϶ϴϿϼΝ ϶ϴЁЅЇϸЅϾϼΝ ЃЄЂϷЂЁϼΝ (ϸϼ϶МϴΝ
ЋϼЌОϹНϴ)Ν ЅϴΝ ϶ϼЅЂϾϼЀΝ ЅІϹЃϹЁЂЀΝ ЁϴЅϼМϴΝ (ЇϵϼЅІ϶ϴ,Ν ЀЇЋϹНϴ,Ν ϿЂϷЂЄϼЅϴНϴ,Ν
ЇϻϼЀϴНϹΝІϴϿϴЊϴΝϼΝϸЄ.)ΝЇϻΝЁϹЃЂЌІЂ϶ϴНϹΝЀϹђЇЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝϻϴϾЂЁϴΝЂΝЄϴІЁϼЀΝϻϴ-
ЄЂϵМϹЁϼЊϼЀϴΝϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿЁЂЀΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶Ї.ΝϫϹЅІϴΝϾЂЀЃϴЄϴЊϼЛϴΝЂ϶ϼЉΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϴΝ
ЇΝϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝЅϴΝϹϾЅЊϹЅϼЀϴΝЇΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЂЛΝЁϹΝЀЂϺϹΝϸϴΝϼϻϸЄϺϼΝЁϼΝϾ϶ϴ-
ϿϼІϴІϼ϶ЁЇΝЁϼΝϾ϶ϴЁІϼІϴІϼ϶ЁЇΝϴЁϴϿϼϻЇΝϼΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЛϹΝЇЅЀϹЄϹЁϴΝЁϴΝЄϹϿϴІϼ϶ϼ-
ϻЂ϶ϴНϹΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЂϷΝІϹЄЂЄϴ.ΝϧΝϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝЅЇΝϻϴЃЄϴ϶ЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼ-
ЛϹΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴΝϵϼϿϹΝЅϴЀЂΝЃЄ϶ϼΝЅІϹЃϹЁΝЃϿϴЁЅϾϹΝϴϾЊϼЛϹΝЇΝЁϴЀϹІϴНЇΝЅІϴМϼЁϼЅІϼ-
ЋϾЂϷΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁЂϷΝϾЂЁЊϹЃІϴ.Ν
ϣЂЄϹϸΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ,Ν ЇΝ ЂϵЄϴЋЇЁЇΝ ЅϴΝ ,,ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЀΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ
ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁІϼЀϴ“ΝЅϹΝϸЂЁϹϾϿϹΝϼЅІϼЊϴϿϴΝϼΝ а а.ΝϢϸЀϴЉΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЃЄϹ϶ЄϴІϴΝ9.Ν
ЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ 1944,Ν ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЇΝ ЂІϹЋϹЅІ϶ϹЁЂЈЄЂЁІЂ϶ЅϾЂЛΝ ϶ϿϴϸϼΝ ϞϼЀЂЁϴΝ
ϗϹЂЄϷϼЛϹ϶ϴ,Ν ЃЄϹЇϻϹ϶ЌϼΝ ϾМЇЋЁЂΝ ЀϹЅІЂΝ ЀϼЁϼЅІЄϴΝ ЇЁЇІЄϴЌНϼЉΝ ЃЂЅϿЂ϶ϴΝ ϼΝ
ЁϴϸϻЂЄΝ ЁϴϸΝ ЅϿЇϺϵЂЀΝ ϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ЅϼϷЇЄЁЂЅІϼΝ (Ϙϥ),Ν ЂІЃЂЋϹϿϼΝ ЃЄ϶ЇΝ ЈϴϻЇΝ ЄϹ϶Ђ-
ϿЇЊϼЛϹ.ΝϖϹОΝЃЂЅϿϹΝІЄϼΝϸϴЁϴΝЇЅ϶ЂЛϹЁϴΝЛϹΝϧЄϹϸϵϴΝЂΝЉϴЃЌϹНЇΝЅ϶ϼЉΝЁϴΝЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄ-
ЁϼЀΝЈЇЁϾЊϼЛϴЀϴΝϸЂΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944,ΝϴΝЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝϼΝϛϴϾЂЁΝЂΝϻϴЌІϼІϼΝ
ϸЄϺϴ϶Ϲ,ΝϼΝЇЅІϴЁЂ϶МϹЁϼΝЁϴЄЂϸЁϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝϻϴΝЂЁϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЇ϶ЇϾϿϼΝϻϹЀМЇΝЇΝЄϴІ.Ν
ϠϹђЇІϼЀ,Ν ЀЁЂϷϼΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴЋϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЅϿϴϺЇΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЂϸЁϹϿЂΝ Іϻ϶.Ν
,,ϸϼ϶МϹΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϹ“Ν ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝ ЇϷϿϹϸЁϼϾϴ,Ν ϷЄϴϸЂЁϴЋϹϿЁϼϾϴ,Ν ЇЋϼІϹ-
Мϴ,ΝЅ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼϾϴΝϼΝІЄϷЂ϶ϴЊϴΝЁϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂЛΝϿϼЁϼЛϼ.ΝϣЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝЅϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЅ϶ϴ-
ϾϴϾЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ10.000ΝМЇϸϼΝϸЂΝЃЄЂϿϹОϴΝ1945.ΝЁϴΝЂ϶ϴЛΝЁϴЋϼЁΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝϼΝ
ЅϴЉЄϴНϹЁЂΝ ЇΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЀΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴЀϴΝ ЌϼЄЂЀΝ ϕЇϷϴЄЅϾϹ.Ν ϥϴЀЂΝ ЇΝ ϕЇЄϷϴЅϾЂЛΝ
ЂϵϿϴЅІϼΝ ϸЂΝ ЛϴЁЇϴЄϴΝ 1945.Ν ЛϹΝ ЇЉϴЃЌϹЁЂΝ 1.200Ν ϴΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇϸϴΝ 300,Ν ЇΝ
ϣϿЂ϶ϸϼ϶ЇΝЛϹΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁЂΝ1.400ΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝ400ΝЂЅЂϵϴ.ΝϧΝϼЅІЂΝ϶ЄϹЀϹΝЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ
ЉϼМϴϸϴΝ„ЈϴЌϼЅІϴ“ΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЇΝЄϴϸЁϼЀΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴ.ΝϥЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЅЇΝЂϸΝ30.ΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ
51Ν
1944.ΝϸЂΝЀϴЄІϴΝ1945.ΝЇΝ135ΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϴΝ(13ΝЇΝϥЂЈϼЛϼ)ΝϼϻЄϹϾϿϼΝ11.122ΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϹΝ
ЅϴΝ 9.155Ν ϾϴϺНϹЁϼЉΝ ϼΝ ІЂ:Ν 2.730Ν ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ (1.567Ν ϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁЂ),Ν 1.307Ν ЁϴΝ
ϸЂϺϼ϶ЂІЁϹΝЄЂϵϼЛϹ,Ν4.312ΝϸЂΝ20ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝϼΝ808ΝЇЅϿЂ϶ЁϼЉ.12ΝϠϹђЇΝЇЅЀЄОϹЁϼЀϴΝ
ЅЇΝЅϹΝЁϴЌϿϼΝЄϹϷϹЁІϼΝ(ЛϹϸϴЁΝЂϸΝНϼЉΝϵЄϴІΝϾЄϴМϴΝϕЂЄϼЅϴΝIII),Ν϶ϹОϼЁϴΝЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝ
ЁЂ϶ЂϷΝ ЃϴЄϿϴЀϹЁІϴΝ ϼΝ ϶ϿϴϸϹΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ 1941,Ν ϾϴЂΝ ϼΝ ЅϿЇϺϵϹЁϼЊϼ,Ν ϼЁϸЇЅІЄϼЛϴϿЊϼ,Ν
ЅЇϸϼЛϹΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼ.ΝϞЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝЅЇΝЃЂЅІϹЃϹЁЂΝЂЅ϶ϴЛϴϿϼΝϼΝЂЅІϴϿϹΝЃЂϿЇϷϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ–
ЇϻϼЀϴЛЇОϼΝ϶ЂЛЅϾЇΝϼϻΝЄЇϾЇΝ„ϻ϶ϹЁϴЌϴ“,ΝЃЄϹЇϻϼЀϴЛЇОϼΝϾЂЁІЄЂϿЇΝЁϴϸΝЀϹϸϼЛϼЀϴΝ
ϼΝϼϻϴϻϼ϶ϴЛЇОϼΝЄϴЅЊϹЃϹΝЇΝЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЂЁϼЀΝЃϴЄІϼЛϴЀϴ.13ΝΝ
ϧ ΝЛϹΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϼΝϵЄЂЛΝϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝϸЂϺϼ϶ϹЂΝϾЄϴЛΝЄϴІϴΝЁϹΝϾϴЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂ-
ђϹНϹΝ ϶ϹОΝ ϾϴЂΝ ϻϴЀϹЁЇΝЛϹϸЁОΝ ЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϸЄЇϷЂЀ. ϥ϶ϹϺϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϹΝ ЇЅЃЂЀϹЁϹΝ ЁϴΝ
ϞϴІϼЁΝ ϼΝ ЃЄ϶ϼΝ ЃϹЄϼЂϸΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϹΝ ЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЛϹΝ 1939–1941,Ν ϾϴϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ
30.000,Ν ϸϹЃЂЄІЂ϶ϴЁЂΝ ЃЄϹϾЂΝ 400.000Ν МЇϸϼ,Ν ЂϸΝ ϾЂЛϼЉΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ϸϹЅϹІϼЁϴΝ
ЉϼМϴϸϴΝЇЀЄϿЂΝЇΝЄϴϸЁϼЀΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴ. ϣЄЂЃϴЌОЇΝϖϴЄЌϴ϶ЅϾЂϷΝЇЅІϴЁϾϴ (ϴ϶ϷЇЅІΝ
1944)ΝϼΝЅϴ϶ϹϻЁϼЋϾϹΝЅІЄϴІϹϷϼЛϹΝϾЂЀЃЄЂЀϼЅϴΝ(ϘϹΝϗЂϿЂ϶ϴΝЃЂЅϹІϴΝϠЂЅϾ϶ϼΝЁЂ-
϶ϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944)ΝϣЂМЅϾϴΝЅϹΝЁϴЌϿϴΝЇΝЋ϶ЄЅІЂЀΝϻϴϷЄМϴЛЇΝϥϥϥϤ-ϴ. ϘЂЀϴОϼΝϡϹЀЊϼΝ
ЅЇΝ ІϴϾЂђϹΝ ЃЂЅІϴϿϼΝ persone non grate,Ν ϴΝ ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϴΝ ϼЀΝ ЛϹΝ ϾЂЁЈϼЅϾЂ϶ϴЁϴΝ ϵϹϻΝ
ϾЂЀЃϹЁϻϴЊϼЛϹ.Ν ϥЇϾЂϵϼΝ ϼϻЀϹђЇΝ ϢІϴџϵϼЁЅϾϹΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϹΝ (ϔϞ)Ν ϼΝ ϡϞϖϘ-ϴΝ ЃЂЋϹϿϼΝ
ЅЇΝЛЂЌΝ1944.ΝϸϹЃЂЄІϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝЁϴΝЉϼМϴϸϹΝϣЂМϴϾϴ.ΝύЂЌΝЇΝЃϹЄϼЂϸЇΝ1943–1944.Ν
ΝЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝЂІЃЂЄϴΝЂЅЇϸϼϿϼΝЅЇΝЂϾЂΝ2.000ΝϸЂЇЌЁϼϾϴΝϼΝϴϷϹЁϴІϴΝ
ϗϹЅІϴЃЂϴΝ(ϼϴϾЂΝЛϹΝЇΝϣЂМЅϾЂЛΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϴΝϵϼϿϴΝ϶ЄϿЂΝЅϿϴϵϴ).ΝϠϹђЇІϼЀ,ΝϸЂ-
ϿϴЅϾЂЀΝϪЄ϶ϹЁϹΝϴЄЀϼЛϹΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝЂІЃЂЄϴΝ(ϔϞ)ΝϼΝЅϴЀϼΝЅЇΝЂЅЇђϼ϶ϴ-
ЁϼΝϾϴЂΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϼ,ΝϩϼІϿϹЄЂ϶ϼΝЅϴ϶ϹϻЁϼЊϼΝϼϿϼΝЃЄЂϻϴЃϴϸЁϼΝЌЃϼЛЇЁϼ.Ν
ϦЂϾЂЀΝ1946.ΝЂЅЇђϹЁΝЛϹΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϟϹЂЃЂϿϸΝϢϾЇϿϼЊϾϼ,ΝЛϹϸϴЁΝЂϸΝϷϿϴ϶ЁЂϾЂЀϴЁ-
ϸЇЛЇОϼЉΝ ЃЂМЅϾϹΝ ЃЂϸϻϹЀЁϹΝ ϴЄЀϼЛϹ.Ν ϥϿϼЋЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЄЂЌϴЂΝ ϼΝ ϖϼІЂϿϸΝ ϣϼϿϹЊϾϼΝ –Ν
ЂЅЇђϹЁΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϻϵЂϷΝЌЃϼЛЇЁϴϺϹΝ1948,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝϾϴЂΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾΝЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝЂІЃЂ-
ЄϴΝЁϴЛЃЄϹΝϻϴІ϶ϴЄϴЁΝЇΝϔЇЌ϶ϼЊЇ,ΝϴΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝЅϹΝЃЄϼϾМЇЋϼЂΝϔЁϸϹЄЅЂ϶ЂЀΝ
ЃЂϾЄϹІЇ. ϕЇϸЇОϼΝϸϴΝЅЇΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝϵϼϿϼΝЇΝϣЂМЅϾЂЛΝЀϴЄϷϼЁϴϿЁϴΝЅЁϴϷϴ,ΝЀЂϷϿϼΝ
ЅЇΝ ϸЂОϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϶ϿϴЅІΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЇϻΝ Ћ϶ЄЅІΝ ЂЅϿЂЁΝ ЁϴΝ ϥϥϥϤΝ ϼΝ ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ϶ϴЁΝ ϴЃϴЄϴІ.14Ν
ϥІЄϴІϹЌϾϼΝϻЁϴЋϴЛΝϼΝЁϴЅϿϹђϹЁΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼΝϴЁϼЀЂϻϼІϹІΝϻϴЉІϹ϶ϴϿϼΝЅЇΝЃЂЅϹϵϴЁΝ
ЁϴϸϻЂЄΝϥϥϥϤ-ϴ.ΝϪЄ϶ϹЁϴΝϴЄЀϼЛϴ,ΝϡϞϖϘ,ΝϥϠϙϤϬΝ(,,ϥЀϹЄІΝЌЃϼЂЁϴЀ“)15Ν϶Ђ-
ϸϼϿϼΝЅЇΝІϼЉϼΝЄϴІΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝϴЁІϼϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝЅ϶ϹΝϸЂΝЃЂЋϹІϾϴΝЃϹϸϹЅϹІϼЉ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝ
ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϼЀΝЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴ,Ν϶ϹОΝІЂϾЂЀΝϿϹІϴΝ1945.ΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝϥϥϥϤ-ϴΝЅϹΝЁϴϿϴϻϼϿЂΝ
12
ϔЄЉϼ϶ΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ(ϔύ),ΝϨЂЁϸΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝϻϴΝЅЇђϹНϹΝЄϴІЁϼЀΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝϼΝЅϴЄϴϸ-
ЁϼЊϼЀϴΝЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴ,ΝϘϞ-110,ΝЈϴЅЊ.Ν828-918,ΝϣЄϹЅЇϸϴΝϡϴЄЂϸЁЂϷΝЅЇϸϴΝЇΝϥЂЈϼЛϼ.Ν-ΝϣЂЄϹђϹНϴΝ
ЄϴϸϼΝЅЇϸΝЇΝϡϼЄЁϵϹЄϷЇΝϷϿϴ϶ЁϼЀΝЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾϼЀΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝϼϻЄϹϾϴЂΝЛϹΝ12,ΝϴΝЇΝϦЂϾϼЛЇΝЅϹϸϴЀΝ
ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼ.ΝLТХТΕ,Νn. d.Ν
13
ΝϡϹϾϹΝЁϴЇЋЁϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝЅϹΝϾЄϹОЇΝϼΝϸЂΝ20.000ΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЇΝϕЇϷϴЄЅϾЂЛΝІЂϾЂЀΝ1944.ΝϼΝ1945.ΝϖϼЌϹΝ
Ї:Ν ώЇϵЂЀϼЄΝ ϢϷНϴЁЂ϶,Ν ј 1944–1948,Ν (ϥЂЈϼЛϴ:Ν
ϕϿϷϴЄЅϾϴІϴΝϴϾϴϸϹЀϼЛϴΝЁϴΝЁϴЇϾϼІϹ,Ν1992)Ν26,Ν27; ϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛΝϬϴЄϿϴЁЂ϶,Ν я -
ъ ,ΝІЂЀΝ1,Ν(ϥϼϹϿϴ,Ν2009).Ν
14
ΝAЧНгОУΝЈКМФШvsФТ,Ν,,ЈШХУsФКΝ’ЧКМТУКΝ–ΝЧОprТУКtОХУ’“,ΝCrna knjiga komunizma,Ν(ГКРrОЛ:ΝGХШЛus,Ν
2001),Ν348.Ν
15
ΝϥϠϙϤϬΝЛϹΝЁϴЅІϴЂΝЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝЂϸΝ11.000ΝϸЂϵЄЂΝЂϵЇЋϹЁϼЉΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝϡϞϖϘ-ϴΝϼΝϵϼЂΝЛϹΝ
ЁϴЀϹНϹЁΝϻϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛЇΝЌЃϼЛЇЁϴΝϼΝ,,ЃϹІϹΝϾЂϿЂЁϹ“ ЇΝϣЂМЅϾЂЛ.ΝЈКМФШvsФТ,Ν,,ЈШХУsФК“,Ν348.Ν
52Ν
20.000Ν ϼЁІϹЄЁϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝ ϔϞ,Ν ЇϻΝ ЅϿϼЋϴЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ϼЉΝ ЛϹΝ ЃϴЄΝ
ЉϼМϴϸϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝЁϴΝϿϼЊЇΝЀϹЅІϴΝ(ЂЃϹЄϴЊϼЛϴΝ ј ).16
ϛϴΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЇΝ ЅϼІЇϴЊϼЛЇΝЇΝ ϣЂМЅϾЂЛΝ ЂϸϷЂ϶ϴЄϴЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϼΝ ϷϹЁϹЄϴϿΝ
Ϟ.ΝϤЂϾЂЅЂ϶ЅϾϼΝ(ЃЂЄϹϾϿЂЀΝϣЂМϴϾ),ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЇΝЃϹЄϼЂϸЇΝЅІϴМϼЁϼϻϴЊϼЛϹΝЃЂЅІϴЂΝ
ЀϴЄЌϴϿ,ΝЃЂІЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾΝ϶ϿϴϸϹΝϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇ,Ν1949,ΝЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄΝЂϸϵЄϴЁϹΝϣЂМЅϾϹ.Ν
ϥІЇϵЂ϶ϹΝЂІЃЂЄϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼϻЀЇΝЋϼЁϼϿϼΝЅЇ,ΝЃЂЄϹϸΝϷϹЄϼϿϹ,ΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϴΝϼϿϹϷϴϿϴΝϼΝ
ϿϹϷϴϿЁϴΝ ЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЛϴ,Ν ЀϹђЇΝ ϾЂЛЂЀΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ЁϴЛЇІϼЊϴЛЁϼЛϴΝ ϴϷЄϴЄЁϴΝ ЃϴЄІϼЛϴΝ ϥ.Ν
ϠϼϾЂϿϴЛЋϼϾϴΝ(ϣϥϟ).ΝϖϼЌϹΝЂϸΝϷЂϸϼЁЇΝϸϴЁϴΝІЄϹϵϴϿЂΝЛϹΝЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄЅІ϶ЇΝЛϴ϶ЁϹΝ
ЅϼϷЇЄЁЂЅІϼΝЁϴΝЋϹϿЇΝЅϴΝϥ.ΝϤϴϸЊϾϼЛϹ϶ϼЋϹЀ,ΝЂЅϿЂНϹЁЂЀΝЁϴΝϠЂЅϾ϶Ї,ΝϸϴΝϾЂЁЅЂ-
ϿϼϸЇЛϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІ.ΝϥϴЀЂΝЇΝЀϴЄІЇΝ1946.ΝϻϴϵϹϿϹϺϹЁЂΝЛϹΝ498ΝЁϴЃϴϸϴ,ΝЇΝϾЂЛϼЀϴΝЅЇΝϷЇ-
ϵϼЊϼΝЄϹϺϼЀЅϾϼЉΝЅЁϴϷϴΝϼϻЁЂЅϼϿϼΝЂϾЂΝ200,ΝϴЁІϼϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝ400,ΝЇϻΝЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ
ЉϼМϴϸϴΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉ.ΝϥϿϹϸϹОϹΝϷЂϸϼЁϹΝЃЂϷϼЁЇϿЂΝЛϹΝ1.486ΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝ
ЂІЃЂЄϴ,ΝϴΝ146ΝЅЁϴϷϴΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼ.ΝϧϾЇЃϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ
ЇΝЂϵЄϴЋЇЁϼЀϴΝ1945–1948.ΝϼϻЁЂЅϼΝЂϾЂΝ8.700ΝМЇϸϼ. ϧΝЄϴϻϸЂϵМЇΝ1946–1953.Ν
ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЅЇΝЂЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ25.000ΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼϾϴ.ΝϣЂΝЃЂІЄϹϵϼΝ϶ЄЌϹЁϴΝЅЇΝ
ϼΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϴΝ ЃЄϹЅϹМϹНϴΝ ϾϴЂΝ ЌІЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЂЃϹЄϴЊϼЛϴΝ – ϸϹЃЂЄІϴЊϼЛϴΝ 120.000Ν
ϧϾЄϴЛϼЁϴЊϴΝЁϴΝϵϼ϶ЌϹΝЁϹЀϴЋϾϹΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϹΝЁϴΝϻϴЃϴϸЇΝϼΝЅϹ϶ϹЄЇΝϻϹЀМϹΝ(ЅϴΝϾЂ-
ЛϼЉΝЛϹΝϼЅϹМϹЁЂΝЂϾЂΝІЄϼΝЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝϡϹЀϴЊϴ).ΝϢϵЁϴ϶МϴНϹЀΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂϷΝϺϼ϶ЂІϴΝ
ЅϴЀЂΝЛϹΝЃЄϼ϶ϼϸЁЂΝ϶ЄϴОϹЁΝЃϴЄϿϴЀϹЁІϴЄϼϻϴЀ.ΝϩϴЃЌϹНϹЀΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝЃЄЂІϼ϶-
ЁϼϾϴΝϼΝϴϾІϼ϶ϼЅІϴΝЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЂЁϼЉΝЃϴЄІϼЛϴ,Νϼϻϴϻϼ϶ϴНϹЀΝЄϴЅЊϹЃϴΝЃЄϹϾЂΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ
ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼΝϼΝϷЇЌϹНϹЀΝЅϿЂϵЂϸϹΝЌІϴЀЃϹΝЂЁϹЀЂϷЇОϴ϶ϴЁΝЛϹΝЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЂЁϼΝЄϴϸ.17ΝΝ
ϧ вач ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝϸϴΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЉΝЃЂЄϴІЁϼЉΝЄϹІЂЄϻϼ-
ЛϴΝϼΝІϹЄЂЄϴ,ΝЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝЁϹΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴ. ϣЄ϶ϹΝϸ϶ϹΝϷЂϸϼЁϹΝϵϹϿϹϺϼϿϴΝ
ЛϹΝ ЄϹϿϴІϼ϶ϴЁΝ ЃЄϼ϶ЄϹϸЁϼΝ ЁϴЃЄϹϸϴϾΝ ϼΝ ϶ϹОϹΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝ ЅϿЂϵЂϸϹΝ ЇΝ ЂϸЁЂЅЇΝ ЁϴΝ
ЂЅІϴϿϹΝЁϴЄЂϸЁϹΝϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϼЛϹ.ΝϛϹЀМϴΝЛϹΝЅ϶ЄЅІϴЁϴΝЇΝІϴϵЂЄΝЃЂϵϹϸЁϼϾϴ,ΝϴΝЅϴ϶Ϲ-
ϻЁϼЌІ϶ЂΝ ЁϹϻϴ϶ϼЅЁϹΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϴЋϾϹΝ ЅϴΝ ϩϼІϿϹЄЂЀΝ ЛϹΝ ϻϴϵЂЄϴ϶МϹЁЂΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ ЇЅІϴЁϾϴΝ
ϾЄϴЛϹЀΝϴ϶ϷЇЅІϴΝ1944.ΝϜЃϴϾΝϼΝІϴЀЂЌНϼΝϡϹЀЊϼΝϼΝϠϴђϴЄϼΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝϼϻϿЂϺϹЁϼΝ
ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁЂЀΝϼЅϿϹђϼ϶ϴНЇΝϼΝЃЄЂϷЂЁЇ,ΝЂϸЇϻϹІЂΝϼЀΝЛϹΝϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾЂΝЃЄϴ϶ЂΝϼΝϾЂЁЈϼЅ-
ϾϼЂ϶ϴЁϴΝϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЅ϶ϼЀΝϾϿϴЅЁϼЀΝϼΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϼЀΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϼЀϴ.ΝϥЇϸ-
ЅϾϼΝЅЇΝϷЂНϹЁϼΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝϥϥΝϸϼ϶ϼϻϼЛϴ,ΝЄϴІЁϼΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼ,ΝЃЂЀϴϷϴЋϼΝ(ЋϴϾΝϼΝ
ЅϴЀЂΝ ϶ϹЄϵϴϿЁϼ)Ν ЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЂЁЂϷΝ ЄϹϺϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϸЂЇЌЁϼЊϼ.Ν ϣЄЂЊϹЅΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ ϶ЂђϹЁΝ
ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ЀЂЁЅϼНЂЄϴΝ ύЂϺϹЈϴΝ ϦϼЅϹ,Ν ЂϸΝ ϸϹЊϹЀϵЄϴΝ 1946.Ν ϸЂΝ ϴЃЄϼϿϴΝ 1947,Ν ϾϴЂΝ
ЁϴЛЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄЁϼЛϹϷΝϻϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼϾЇΝ1939–1944,ΝЃЂϸϹϿϼЂΝЛϹΝЛϴ϶ЁЂΝЀНϹНϹΝ(ϻϴΝЛϹϸЁϹΝ
16
ΝAЧНгОУΝЈКМФШvsФТ,ΝPola stoleća povjesti Poljske, (ГКРrОЛ,Ν2001),Ν105.Ν
17
ΝϠϴЄІϴΝ1945.Νϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЋϴϾΝ16ΝЂІЀϼЊϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ϶ЂђϴΝ ΝϾЂЛϹΝЅЇΝЁϴЅϼϿ-
ЁЂΝЂϸ϶ϹϸϹЁϹΝЇΝϠЂЅϾ϶ЇΝЁϴΝЃЄϹϷЂ϶ЂЄϹ.ΝϛϴΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁЇΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІΝЄϴϸϼϿЂΝЛϹΝ30.000ΝМЇϸϼ,ΝϴΝЃЂ-
ЅІЂЛϴϿЂΝЛϹΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ100ΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϴΝϼΝϿЂϷЂЄϴ.ΝϢІϾϴϻϴЁϴΝЛϹΝϸϼЅІЄϼϵЇЊϼЛϴΝЁϴЛЇІϼЊϴЛЁϼЛϹϷΝЂЃЂϻϼ-
ЊϼЂЁЂϷΝϷϿϴЅϼϿϴΝГ .ΝϥЇђϹНϴΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϴΝЄϹϺϼЄϴЁϴΝϴΝЁϹϾϴϸϴΝϼΝЛϴ϶ЁϴΝ„ϸϴΝϵϼΝЁϴЄЂϸΝ
ЀЂϷϴЂΝϸϴΝϼϻЄϴϻϼΝЅ϶ЂЛΝϷЁϹ϶“.ΝϦϴϾ϶ЂΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝϼΝЅЇђϹНϹΝЁϴΝЃЄЂЊϹЅЇΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝЁϴЛ϶ϹОϹΝІϴЛЁϹΝЂЃЂ-
ϻϼЊϼЂЁϹΝϷЄЇЃϹΝWiN (ϥϿЂϵЂϸϴΝϼΝЁϹϻϴ϶ϼЅЁЂЅІ),ΝϾЂЛϴΝЛϹΝЁϴΝЅЇђϹНϹΝЋϹϾϴϿϴΝЂϸΝЁЂ϶ϹЀϵЄϴΝ1945.Ν
ϸЂΝЃЄϹϸΝϼϻϵЂЄϹΝЛϴЁЇϴЄϴΝ1947.ΝϞМЇЋЁЇΝЇϿЂϷЇΝЇΝЄϹϺϼЄϴНЇΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϴΝЋϹЅІЂΝЛϹΝϼЀϴϿϴΝϠЂЅϾ϶ϴ,Ν
ϾϴЂΝЇΝЅϿЇЋϴЛЇΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝϟϹЂЃЂϿϸϴΝϢϾЇϿϼЊϾЂϷΝϼΝ15ΝϿϼϸϹЄϴΝЃЂМЅϾϹΝЃЂϸϻϹЀЁϹΝ϶ϿϴϸϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЂІ-
ЃЂЋϹЂΝЛЇЁϴΝ1945.ΝЃЂΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼЀΝЇЃЇІЅІ϶ϼЀϴΝϣЂϿϼІϵϼЄЂϴΝϥϞϣ(ϵ). ј -
ј I 1945–1953, (ϠЂЅϾ϶ϴ,Ν1998),Ν425–426;ΝЈКМФШvsФТ,Νn. d.,Ν105;Ν
AЧНгОУΝГКЦШвsФТ,ΝPoland A History,Ν(LШЧНШЧ,Ν2009),Ν228–353.Ν
53Ν
ЛϹΝ ϵϼЂΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϴΝ ϼΝ ϼϻϸϴЛЁϼϾ,Ν ϴΝ ϻϴΝ ϸЄЇϷϹΝ ЃϴІЄϼЂІϴ),Ν ϴΝ ϻϴ϶ЄЌϹЁΝ ЛϹΝ ЂЅЇϸЂЀΝ ЁϴΝ
ЅЀЄІ.18Ν ϘЇϺϴΝ ϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІЅϾϴΝ ІЄϴϸϼЊϼЛϴ,Ν ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϹΝ ЂϾЂϿЁЂЅІϼΝ ϼΝ ЀϹЁІϴϿϼІϹІΝ
ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼϿϼΝЅЇΝЀϴНϹΝЁϴЅϼϿϴЁΝЃЇІΝϼΝЂϸЅЇЅІ϶ЂΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЉΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸ-
ЅϾЂϷΝЃЂЅІЇЃϾϴ.ΝϧϾЇЃЁЂΝЛϹ,ΝЃЄϹЀϴΝЁϹϾϼЀΝЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴ,ΝЂϸΝ1945.ΝЃϴΝϸЂΝ1961.ΝЂЅЇ-
ђϹЁЂΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ ІϹϾΝ 261Ν ϿϼЊϹΝ ϻϵЂϷΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ЄϴϻϿЂϷϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЃϴϾΝ ЂЃІЇϺϵϼΝ ЃЂΝ
ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴΝ ϼΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹ.Ν ϣЄϹϸΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝ ЋϴЅІϼΝ ЛϹΝ ІЂϾЂЀΝ
1945–1946.ΝЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝЂϾЂΝ45.000ΝМЇϸϼ.19ΝϞϴЅЁϼϿϼΝЅЇΝϾϴϾЂΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ-
϶МϴНϴΝ ЛϹϸЁЂЃϴЄІϼЛЅϾЂϷΝ ЅϼЅІϹЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϹϿϼЀϼЁϴЊϼЛϹΝ ЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЛϹΝ ІϴϾЂΝ ϼΝ ЅЂЊϼЛϴϿ-
ЁЂ-ϹϾЂЁЂЀЅϾϹΝ ЄϹЈЂЄЀϹΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϴΝ ЃЂΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂЀΝ ЀЂϸϹϿЇ.Ν ϤϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϴΝ ЅϹΝ ІϹϾΝ
ЁϹЌІЂΝϻϴЂЌІЄϼϿϴΝϣЄϴЌϾϼЀΝЇϸϴЄЂЀΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ1948,ΝЃЂЅϿϹΝϾЄϼІϼϾϹΝϼϻΝϠЂ-
ЅϾ϶ϹΝЅІЄϴІϹϷϼЛϹΝЀϼЄЁЂϷΝЇЄϴЅІϴНϴΝЇΝϾЂЀЇЁϼϻϴЀ. ϡϴϾЂЁΝІЂϷϴΝЅЇΝЋϹЌϾϼΝϾЂЀЇ-
ЁϼЅІϼΝϾЄϹЁЇϿϼΝЇΝЂϸϿЇЋЁϼЛϼΝЂϵЄϴЋЇЁΝЅΝЊϼМϹЀΝЃЂІЃЇЁϹΝϹϿϼЀϼЁϴЊϼЛϹΝЂЃЂϻϼ-
ЊϼЛϹ,ΝЇΝϾЂϴϿϼЊϼЛϼΝϼΝ϶ϴЁΝНϹ,ΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝϻЁϴЋϴЛЁЂΝЃЂ϶ϹОϴϿЂΝϵЄЂЛΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝϻϴ-
І϶ЂЄϹЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЁЂ϶ϼЉΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝЁϹЇЃЂЄϹϸϼ϶ЂΝЀϴНϹΝЁϹϷЂΝЇΝϸЄЇϷϼЀΝϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝ
ЁϴЄЂϸЁϹΝϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϼЛϹ.20Ν
ϧ ађа ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЇΝϣЂМЅϾЂЛ,ΝϻϵЂϷΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾЂϷΝϴЁϼЀЂϻϼІϹІϴΝЃЄϹ-
ЀϴΝϤЇЅϼЀϴ,ΝЛϴϾϹΝϞϴІЂϿϼЋϾϹΝЊЄϾ϶ϹΝІϹΝЅЁϴϺЁϹΝϴϷЄϴЄЁϹΝЃϴЄІϼЛϹΝ(ϣϥϣ),ΝϾЂЀЇ-
ЁϼЅІϼЀϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ЂІϹϺϴЁϴΝ ЃЂІЃЇЁϴΝ ϸЂЀϼЁϴЊϼЛϴ.Ν ϡЂ϶ϹЀϵЄϴΝ 1945,Ν
ϼϻϵЂЄϼΝЅЇΝЃЂϾϴϻϴϿϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϣϴЄІϼЛϴΝЅϼІЁϼЉΝЃЂЅϹϸЁϼϾϴΝ(ϣϥϣ)ΝϵϼϿϴΝϸϴϿϹϾЂΝЁϴЛ-
ЛϴЋϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϴΝϷЄЇЃϴЊϼЛϴΝ–ΝЂЅ϶ЂЛϼϿϴΝЛϹΝЋϴϾΝ57ΣΝϷϿϴЅЂ϶ϴ,ΝϸЂϾΝЅЇΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝ
ЂЅ϶ЂЛϼϿϼΝЛϹϸ϶ϴΝ15Σ,ΝϼϴϾЂΝЅϹΝϵЄЂЛΝЃЄϼЅІϴϿϼЊϴΝЃЂ϶ϹОϴЂΝЁϴΝЅϾЂЄЂΝЃЂϿϴΝЀϼϿϼЂ-
ЁϴΝ ϼΝ ІЂΝ ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ϼϻΝ ЄϹϸЂ϶ϴΝ ЂЁϼЉΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЄϴЁϼЛϹΝ ЃЂϸЄϺϴ϶ϴϿϼΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾϼΝ
ЄϹϺϼЀ.21ΝϟϼϸϹЄΝϣϥϣΝЛϹΝІЄϴϺϼЂΝЅϴЀЂΝϾМЇЋЁЂΝЀϹЅІЂΝЀϼЁϼЅІЄϴΝЇЁЇІЄϴЌНϼЉΝ
18
ΝЊТМСКrНΝΤΝBОЧΝCrКЦpСtШЧ,ΝAtlas of Eastern Europe in the Twnetieth Century,Ν(LШЧНШЧ:ΝButХОrΝ
ΤΝTКЧЧОrΝLtН.,Ν1996),Ν153–155.Ν
19
ΝϖϼЌϹΝЁϴ:ΝСttp://ааа.ustrМr.Мг/ОЧ/НШМuЦОЧtКtТШЧ-ШП-pОШpХО-ОбОМutОН-ШЧ-pШХТtТМКХ-РrШuЧНs-ТЧ-
1948-1989Πp5Ν
20
Ν ϧϸϴЄΝ ЛϹΝ ЌϼЄЂЀΝ ЂІ϶ЂЄϼЂΝ ϶ЄϴІϴΝ ЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶МϴНЇΝ ЀЂЁЂЃЂϿϴΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ ϞϣϫΝ ЃЂϸΝ ЄЇϾЂ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ЂЀΝ
ϞϿϹЀϹЁІϴΝϗЂІ϶ϴϿϸϴ.Ν ϞЄϼϻϴΝϼϻϴϻ϶ϴЁϴΝЂЅІϴ϶ϾϴЀϴΝЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄϴΝЇΝ϶Ͽϴϸϼ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϴΝϼЁІϹЄ-
϶ϹЁЊϼЛϴΝϼЅϾЂЄϼЌОϹЁϼΝЅЇΝϻϴΝЂϵЄϴЋЇЁΝЅϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЀΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼЊϼЀϴ.ΝϣЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾΝϘϥ,Νϵϼ϶-
ЌϼΝ ЃЂІЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾΝ ϗЂІ϶ϴϿϸЂ϶ϹΝ ϶ϿϴϸϹΝ ύϴЁΝ ϢЄЅϼЁϼΝ ϼΝ ϣЄЂϾЂЃΝ ϘЄІϼЁϴ,Ν ϵϼ϶ЌϼΝ ЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄΝ
ЃЄϴ϶ϸϹ,Ν ЂϵЂЛϼЊϴΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝ ЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝ ЂІЃЂЄϴΝ ЃЂϸΝ ЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЛЂЀ,Ν ЁϴЌϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЅϹΝ ЇΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇ.Ν ϧΝ
ϴЃЄϼϿЇΝ ϼΝ ЀϴЛЇΝ 1948.Ν ϸЂЌϿЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϸЂΝ ЃЄ϶ϼЉΝ Лϴ϶ЁϼЉΝ ЀЂЁІϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ЅЇђϹНϴΝ ϸЂЛЇЋϹЄϴЌНϼЀΝ Ѕϴ϶Ϲ-
ϻЁϼЊϼЀϴ,ΝЃϴΝϼΝϼЅϾЄϹЁϼЀΝЃЄϼЅІϴϿϼЊϴЀϴΝЅϴЄϴϸНϹΝЅΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЀϴ.ΝϛϴЂЌІЄϴ϶ϴНϹΝЛϹΝЅ϶ϴϾϴϾЂΝ
ЃЂЅϿϹϸϼЊϴΝϼΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂϷΝЃЄϼІϼЅϾϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝϾЄϼІϼϾϴΝЁϴΝЂЅЁϼ϶ϴЋϾЂЛΝЅϾЇЃЌІϼЁϼΝϜЁЈЂЄЀϵϼЄЂϴΝ
ЇЃЇОϹЁϼЉΝЁϴΝЄϴЋЇЁΝЋϹЉЂЅϿЂ϶ϴЋϾϼЉΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝϸϴΝЅЃЂЄЂΝЅЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϹΝЄϹЈЂЄЀϹΝϼΝЃЄϴ϶ϹΝ„ІЄЇϿϹΝ
ϾЂЀЃЄЂЀϼЅϹ“ΝЇΝЅЂЊϼЛϴϿЁЂ-ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂЛΝЅЈϹЄϼΝЅϴΝЁϴЅϿϹђϹЁϼЀΝЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϴЀϴ.ΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϼΝЅЇϸΝϻϴΝ
ϻϴЌІϼІЇΝϸЄϺϴ϶ϹΝЂЅЇϸϼЂΝЛϹΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϷϹЁϹЄϴϿϴΝϩϹϿϼЂϸЂЄϴΝϣϼϾϴ,Ν϶ϹϿϼϾЂϷΝЃϴІЄϼЂІЇΝϼΝЇЋϹЅЁϼ-
ϾϴΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴ,ΝЋϼЛϹΝϻϴЅϿЇϷϹΝЁϼЅЇΝЂЅЃЂЄϴ϶ϴЁϹ.ΝϢЁΝЛϹΝЂϵϹЌϹЁΝϴЃЄϼϿϴΝ1949.ΝЇΝϣϿϻϹ-
НЇΝЃЂϸΝЂЃІЇϺϵЂЀΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЅϴϵЂІϼЄϴЂΝϴϾЊϼЛϹΝЋϹЉЂЅϿЂ϶ϴЋϾϹΝ϶ЂЛЅϾϹΝЇΝϥϥϥϤ-ЇΝϻϴΝЄϴЋЇЁΝϕЄϼІϴ-
ЁϼЛϹ.ΝϥϿϼЋЁЇΝЅЇϸϵϼЁЇΝϸЂϺϼ϶ϹЂΝЛϹΝϼΝЌϹЈΝ϶ЂЛЁЂ-Ђϵϴ϶ϹЌІϴЛЁϹΝЅϿЇϺϵϹΝϕϹϸЄϼЉΝϤϹЛЊϼЁΝІЄϼΝϷЂ-
ϸϼЁϹΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹ.ΝύϴЁΝϣЂϸЅϹϸЁϼϾ,ΝϷЄϴϸЂЁϴЋϹϿЁϼϾΝϕЄЁϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ЁϼϾΝϡϴЊϼЂЁϴϿ-ЅЂЊϼЛϴϿϼ-
ЅІϼЋϾϹΝЅІЄϴЁϾϹ,ΝϾЂЛϴΝЛϹΝЅϿϹϸϼϿϴΝϼϸϹϴϿϹΝϦЂЀϴЌϴΝϠϴЅϴЄϼϾϴΝϼΝЅϴЄϴђϼ϶ϴϿϴΝЅϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЀϴ,Ν
ЂЅЇђϹЁΝЛϹΝ1948.ΝЁϴΝ18ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϴ.ΝϣЄЂЊϹЅϼΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝЛϴ϶ЁϼΝϾϴϾЂΝϵϼΝЅϹΝϼϻϴϻ϶ϴϿϹΝϹЀЂЊϼЛϹΝ
ϾЂϸΝЁϴЄЂϸϴ.ΝBКrtШšОФ,Νn. d.,Ν746.Ν
21
Ν ϞϣΝ ϠϴђϴЄЅϾϹΝ ЛϹΝ ϼЀϴϿϴΝ 3.000Ν ЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝ 1944.Ν ϴΝ ϶ϹОΝ 1945.Ν ЋϴϾΝ 500.000,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϥϘϣΝ ЅϴΝ
400.0000ΝϼΝϣϥϣΝЅϴΝ900.000ΝϼΝϸϴМϹΝЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶МϴϿϼΝЄϹЅЃϹϾІϴϵϼϿЁЇΝЅЁϴϷЇ. ј -
I 1945–1953,Ν271.Ν
54Ν
ЃЂЅϿЂ϶ϴ.ΝϠϹђЇІϼЀ,Ν϶ЂђϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝϤϴϾЂЌϼΝϷϴΝЛϹΝЇЊϹНϼ϶ϴЂΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂЀΝϼЁ-
ІϹЄ϶ϹЁЊϼЛЂЀ,ΝЃϴΝЅϹΝϣϴЄІϼЛϴΝЅϼІЁϼЉΝЃЂЅϹϸЁϼϾϴΝЃЂ϶ЇϾϿϴΝϼΝЁϴΝІϴЛΝЁϴЋϼЁΝЂЀЂ-
ϷЇОϼϿϴΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЀϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЇΝЄЂϾЇΝЂϸΝ ϸ϶ϹΝ ϷЂϸϼЁϹΝ ЇЁϼЌІϹΝ ЃϴЄІϼЛЇΝ ЀЁЂϷЂΝ ϶ϹОЇΝ
ЂϸΝЅ϶ЂЛϹ,ΝЄϴϻЁϼЀΝЂϵϿϼЊϼЀϴΝЃЄϼІϼЅϴϾϴΝϼΝІϹЄЂЄϴ.ΝϞЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝЅЃЄϹЀ-
ЁϼΝϸϴΝЅϴЄϴђЇЛЇΝЅϴЀЂΝЅϴΝЁϹϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЀΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϴЄϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝ϶ЂМ-
ЁϼΝϸϴΝЃЄϼЉ϶ϴІϹΝНϼЉЂ϶ЇΝϸЂЀϼЁϴЊϼЛЇ,ΝϸЄЇϷϼΝЅЇΝϸЂϵϼЛϴϿϼΝЂІϾϴϻϹΝϼϿϼΝЅЇΝЉϴЃ-
ЌϹЁϼ.ΝϥЇЃϴЄЁϼϾϹΝЁϼЅЇΝЁϴЃϴϸϴϿϼΝЈЄЂЁІϴϿЁЂΝ϶ϹОΝЅЇΝЅϹΝϾЂЄϼЅІϼϿϼΝІϻ϶.Ν,,ЅϴϿϴ-
ЀϴΝІϹЉЁϼϾЂЀ“Ν(ϾϴϾЂΝЛЇΝЛϹΝЁϴϻϼ϶ϴЂΝϠ.ΝϤϴϾЂЌϼ),ΝЂϸЁЂЅЁЂΝЃЂϸЄϼ϶ϴНϹЀΝЅ϶ЂЛϼЉΝ
ЅЇЃϴЄЁϼϾϴ,ΝЃЂϸЀϼОϼ϶ϴНϹЀΝϼΝЇϿϴϷϼ϶ϴНϹЀ,ΝϸЂϾΝЅЇΝЁϹЃЂЅϿЇЌЁϼΝϻϴЅІЄϴЌϼ϶ϴ-
ЁϼΝЁϴЅϼМϹЀ,ΝЉϴЃЌϹНϼЀϴΝϼΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛЂЀ.ΝϢЄϷϴЁϼϻЂ϶ϴЁϴΝЅЇΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϴΝЅЇ-
ђϹНϴΝЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϼЀΝЄЇϾЂ϶ЂϸϼЂЊϼЀϴΝϸЄЇϷϼЉΝЅІЄϴЁϴϾϴΝ(ЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝϣϥϣ),ΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝ
ЋϴϾΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ ЇΝ ЃЂϾЄϹІЇΝ ЂІЃЂЄϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄЂЌϿϼΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷΝ ЄϹϺϼЀϴ.Ν ϛϿЂ-
ϷϿϴЅЁϼΝϣ.ΝϗЄϴϵϴΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝЁϴΝЋϹϿЇΝϥϘϕΝЅϴΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ40.000ΝϸЂЇЌЁϼϾϴΝϼΝϴϷϹЁϴІϴ.Ν
ϢϾЂΝ230.000ΝϠϴђϴЄϴΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼЉΝЇΝІЂϾЇΝЄϴІϴΝЁϴϿϴϻϼϿЂΝЅϹΝЇΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϼЀΝϿЂ-
ϷЂЄϼЀϴ,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ ϼΝ ЀЁЂϷЂΝ ЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉΝ ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ ЃЂϸΝ ЂЃІЇϺϵЂЀΝ ϻϴΝ
ЅϴЄϴϸНЇΝЅϴΝЈϴЌϼϻЀЂЀ.22Νϛ϶ϴЁϼЋЁЂΝЛϹΝЇΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾЂЛΝϵϼϿЂΝ59.429ΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЉΝ
ϾϴЂΝЈϴЌϼЅІϼΝϼΝЅϴЄϴϸЁϼЊϼ,Ν27.000ΝЛϹΝЂЅЇђϹЁЂ,ΝϴϿϼΝЅϴЀЂΝ477ΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ,ΝϴΝϼϻ϶Є-
ЌϹЁЂΝЛϹΝ179ΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼ.23Ν
ϧ Ν ЛϹΝ ЂϸЀϴЉΝ ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ ϸЂЌϿЂΝ ϸЂΝ ЂІ϶ЂЄϹЁЂϷΝ ЅЂ϶ЛϹІ-
ЅϾЂϷΝ ЀϹЌϴНϴ.Ν ϥЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϼΝ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ЁϼϾΝ ϖϼЌϼЁЅϾϼΝ ЛϹΝ ІЄϴϺϼЂΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ϻϴЀϹЁϼΝ
ЃЄϹЀϼЛϹЄΝϷϹЁϹЄϴϿΝϤϴϸϹЅϾЇΝϣϹІЄЂЀΝϗЄЂϻЂЀ,ΝϵЂϷϴІϼЀΝϻϹЀМЂЃЂЅϹϸЁϼϾЂЀ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝ
ЅϹΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϴ϶ϼЂΝЃЂϿϼІϼϾЂЀΝϴϿϼΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝЅЃЄϹЀϴЁΝϸϴΝЅϿЇϺϼΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЀϴ.ΝϤЇЀЇ-
ЁϼЛϴΝЅϹΝЁϴЌϿϴΝЇΝІϴϵЂЄЇΝЃЂϵϹђϹЁϼЉ,ΝЄЇЅϾϴΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϴΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿϴΝЂЀϼМϹЁϴΝϾϴЂΝ ЇΝ
ϕЇϷϴЄЅϾЂЛ,Ν ϴΝ ЇΝ ϥϥϥϤ-ЇΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴϿϴϻϼϿЂΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 50.000Ν ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼЉΝ ϤЇЀЇЁϴ.Ν
ϣϼІϴНϹΝϦЄϴЁЅϼϿ϶ϴЁϼЛϹΝϼϷЄϴϿЂΝЛϹΝЇΝЄЇЀЇЁЅϾЂЛΝЃЂϿϼІϼЊϼΝϻЁϴЋϴЛЁЇΝЇϿЂϷЇ;ΝϵЇ-
ϸЇОϼΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЃЂΝІЂЀΝЃϼІϴНЇΝЂЋϹϾϼ϶ϴϿϴΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϴΝЃЂϸЄЌϾϴ,ΝЂІЃЂЄΝϾЂЀЇЁϼϻЀЇΝ
ЛϹΝϼЃϴϾΝϵϼЂΝЀϴНϼΝЁϹϷЂΝЇΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾЂЛ.ΝϞϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϹΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝЇΝϤЇЀЇ-
ЁϼЛϼΝϼΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾЂЛΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЄϹϿϴІϼ϶ЁЂΝЀϴНϹΝЅЇЄЂ϶ЂΝЁϹϷЂΝЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝϼΝϻϹ-
ЀМϴЀϴΝ ЃЂϵϹϸЁϼЊϴЀϴ.Ν ϜϻЂЅІϴϿϹΝ ЅϹΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϹΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ЂЅЇϸϹΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ
ϻϵЂϷΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹ.ΝϣЄϹϸΝϼϻϵЂЄϹΝЃЂ϶ϹϸϹЁϼΝЅЇΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν϶ϼЌϹΝЂЃЂϻϼ-
ЊϼЂЁϼЉΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϴЄϴ,ΝЀϹђЇΝНϼЀϴΝϼΝϿϼϵϹЄϴϿЁЂϷΝ϶ЂђϹΝϕЄϴІЛϴЁЇϴ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝЂЅЇ-
ђϹЁΝ ϻϴΝ „ЂЄϷϴЁϼϻЂ϶ϴНϹΝ ІϹЄЂЄϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЂЅІϼ“Ν ϼΝ ЌЃϼЛЇЁϴϺЇΝ ЇΝ ϾЂЄϼЅІΝ
ϕЄϼІϴЁϼЛϹ.Ν ϥϴΝ ϶ϹϿϼϾЂЀΝ ЃЂЀЃЂЀΝ ЃЂ϶ϹϸϹЁΝ ЛϹΝ ϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϴЄϴΝ
ЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЉΝϻϴΝЅϴЄϴϸНЇΝЅΝЈϴЌϼЅІϼЀϴΝϼΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹ.ΝϪϹЁІЄϴϿЁϼΝЃЄЂЊϹЅΝ
ЛϹΝ϶ЂђϹЁΝ9.ΝЀϴЛϴΝ1946.Ν(ЁϴΝϘϴЁΝЃЂϵϹϸϹ!)ΝЃЄЂІϼ϶Νύ.ΝϔЁІЂЁϹЅϾЇϴΝϼΝНϹϷЂ϶ϼЉΝЅϴ-
ЄϴϸЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝ϶ϿϴϸϹΝ(Ϡ.ΝϔЁІЂЁϹЅϾЇϴ,ΝϥІЇЄϻϹϴ,ΝϞЄϼЅІϹ϶ЅϾЂϷ,ΝϠϴЄϴЌϴΝϼΝ
ϸЄ.),ΝЇϾЇЃЁЂΝ24ΝЀϼЁϼЅІЄϴ,ΝϷϹЁϹЄϴϿϴ,ΝЃЄЂЈϹЅЂЄϴΝϴϾІϼ϶ЁϼЉΝЇΝ϶ЄϹЀϹΝЂϾЇЃϴЊϼ-
ЛϹ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝ϶ϹОϼЁЂЀΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ.24ΝϢЅЇђϹЁЂΝЛϹΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЉϼМϴϸϴΝϿϼЊϴΝϻϵЂϷΝ
ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹΝϴΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄΝЇΝϥϼϷϹІЇΝЛϹΝϻϴΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϹΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝЃЂЅІϴЂΝЅϼЀϵЂϿΝ
ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹ.Ν ϧΝ НϹЀЇΝ ЛϹΝ ЀϴЛϴΝ 1950.Ν ϾϴϻЁЇΝ ϼϻϸЄϺϴ϶ϴϿЂΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 250Ν ЇϷϿϹϸЁϼЉΝ
22
Ν ј I 1945–1953,Ν419;ΝϟϴϾϹЄ,Ν . .,Ν45–54.ΝΝ
23
ΝϟϴϾϹЄ,Ν . .,Ν45–54;ΝύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν . .,Ν202.Ν
24
Ν ϔύ,Ν ϨЂЁϸΝ ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЅЇђϹНϹΝ ЄϴІЁϼЀΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЅϴЄϴϸЁϼЊϼЀϴΝ ЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴ,Ν
ϘϞ-110,ΝЈϴЅЊ.Ν828-972,ΝϣЄϹЅЇϸϴΝϡϴЄЂϸЁЂϷΝЅЇϸϴΝЇΝϕЇϾЇЄϹЌІЇ.Ν
55Ν
ЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄϴ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼϾϴ,Ν ϷϹЁϹЄϴϿϴΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЉ.Ν ϛϴΝ ЃϹІΝ ϷЂϸϼЁϴΝ ЇΝ Ђ϶ЂЀΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝ

ЅЇΝ ЇЀЄϿϴΝ 52Ν ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼϾϴ,Ν ЇϾМЇЋЇЛЇОϼΝ ϼΝ ϴϷЄϴЄЁЂϷΝ ϶ЂђЇΝ ύ.Ν ϠϴЁϼЇϴ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ
Ђ϶ϸϹΝЃЄϹЀϼЁЇЂΝ1952.25ΝΝ
ϧΝ а ΝЅϹΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼΝЄϹϺϼЀΝЃЂϾϴϻϴЂΝϾϴЂΝЃЄϼϿϼЋЁЂΝЄϹЃЄϹ-
Ѕϼ϶ϴЁ,ΝϴϿϼΝϻϴΝЅϴϸϴΝЁϹЀϴΝЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁϼЉΝϼΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼЉΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴ.ΝϛЁϴΝЅϹΝϸϴΝ
Ђ϶ϸϹΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϻϴϵϹϿϹϺϹЁϼΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЛϼΝ ЄϴІЁϼΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЄϴЛЇΝ ϼΝ ЃЂΝ ЂϾЂЁЋϴНЇΝ
ϘЄЇϷЂϷΝ Ѕ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴΝ ЃЂЃЇІΝ ЂЁϼЉΝ ЇΝ ЅЇЅϹϸЁЂЛΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ.Ν ϜЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ЇΝ
ϔϿϵϴЁϼЛϼΝЅЇΝІϹϾΝЇΝЃЂ϶ЂЛЇ,ΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝЅϹΝЁϴЇЋЁЂΝЁϹϸЂ϶ЂМЁЂΝЇІϹЀϹМϹЁΝЃЂϸϴІϴϾΝ
ЁϴϾЂЁΝ ЂІ϶ϴЄϴНϴΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϹΝ ϥϼϷЇЄϼЀϼЛϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ІϴЛΝ ЄϹϺϼЀΝ ЃЂϷЇϵϼЂΝ ЃЄϼϵϿϼϺЁЂΝ
7.000ΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴ,ΝϴΝЂϾЂΝ100.000ΝϔϿϵϴЁϴЊϴΝЇЃЇОϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЁϴΝЃЄϼ-
ЁЇϸЁϼΝЄϴϸΝϼϿϼΝЇΝϾϴϺНϹЁϼЋϾϹΝϿЂϷЂЄϹΝІЂϾЂЀΝІЄϴЛϴНϴΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷΝЄϹϺϼ-
Ѐϴ.Ν ϡϼЛϹΝ ЃЂϻЁϴІϴΝ ЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϴΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝ ІϴϾЂΝ ϸϴΝ ϸЂΝ ϸϴМНϹϷΝ ЂЅІϴЛϹЀЂΝ ЇЅϾЄϴ-
ОϹЁϼΝϻϴΝЃЂϸϴІϴϾΝϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЛϹΝІϴЋЁЂΝЂЅЂϵϴΝϾϴϺНϹЁЂΝЇΝЃЄ϶ЂЀΝІϴϿϴЅЇΝϼϻϴΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝ
Ѕ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝЃЂΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЂЃІЇϺϵϼΝϻϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇΝϼΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹ.26Ν
,, в а ч а“ Ј ав 1944–1945.
Ν
ϤϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϴΝ ЃЄϴ϶ϸϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼ,Ν ϾϴЂΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ Ѕ϶ϼЀΝ ϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝ ЁϴЄЂϸЁϹΝ
ϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϼЛϹ,ΝЃϴІϼϿϴΝЛϹΝЂϸΝЅϿϼЋЁϼЉΝЀϴНϾϴ϶ЂЅІϼΝ–ΝЌϼЄЂϾЂΝϸϹЈϼЁϼЅϴЁϴΝϾЂϿϴ-
ϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϴ,Ν ЁϹЂϸЀϹЄϹЁЂЅІΝ ϾϴϻЁϹ,Ν ϸϼЄϹϾІЁϴΝ ϻϴ϶ϼЅЁЂЅІΝ ЅЇϸЅІ϶ϴΝ ЂϸΝ ϼϻ϶ЄЌЁϼЉΝ
϶ϿϴЅІϼ.ΝϤϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϴΝϼΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝϼЀϴϿϼΝЅЇΝЂ϶ϸϹΝ
ϵЂЛЇΝϴЁϴЄЉϼЋЁϹΝЄϴІЁϹΝЂЅ϶ϹІϹ,ΝϴϿϼΝЅϹΝЃϴϺМϼ϶ЂЀΝϴЁϴϿϼϻЂЀΝϼϻ϶ЂЄϴΝЂΝ϶ϹϿϼϾЂЀΝ
ϵЄЂЛЇΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ,Ν ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁЅІ϶ϴΝ ϼΝ ϾЄϼІϼЋϾϹΝ ϼЁІϹϿϼϷϹЁЊϼЛϹΝ
ЀЂЄϴΝЃЄϼЀϹІϼІϼΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻЂ϶ϴЁϼΝЁϴЃЂЄΝϞЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝЃϴЄІϼЛϹΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЃЂϸΝϻϴ϶Ϲ-
ЅЂЀΝϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼϻЀϴΝЇΝϷЂϸϼЁϴЀϴΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝЂЅϿЂϵЂϸϼΝϼΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋ-
ϾϼЉΝϼΝϾϿϴЅЁϼЉΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹ.ΝϧΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝϸϴЁϼЀϴΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴ,Ν
ϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϹΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЉΝϻϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝЇΝЄЇϾϴЀϴΝϢϻЁϹΝϼΝ
϶ЂЛЁϼЉΝ ЂЄϷϴЁϴ,Ν ϸϴΝ ϵϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϾϴЅЁϼЛϹ,Ν ЂϸΝ ЃЂϿЂ϶ϼЁϹΝ ЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ 1945,Ν ЃЄϹЌϿЂΝ ЁϴΝ
ЅЇϸЅϾϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϹΝ(϶ЂЛЁϼ,ΝЊϼ϶ϼϿЁϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝЋϴЅІϼ).ΝϧΝІЂϾЇΝІϼЉΝЃЄ϶ϼЉΝ
ЀϹЅϹЊϼΝ ϶ϹОϼЁϴΝ ЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЂϸϿЇϾϹΝ ЅЇϸϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЇΝ ЈϴЄЅϼЋ-
ЁϼЀΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЅϹΝЋϹЅІЂΝϻϴ϶ЄЌϴ϶ϴϿϼΝЂЅЇϸЂЀΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ.ΝϡϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝЅЇΝ
ЁϴΝ ЀϹІϼΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾϼΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϴЄϼ,Ν ЋϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЊϼΝ ϵϼ϶ЌϹΝ ϴϸЀϼЁϼЅІЄϴЊϼЛϹ,Ν
25
ΝϢϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1947.ΝЃЂϾЄϹЁЇІΝЛϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЅΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝЁϴЛЇϷϿϹϸЁϼЛϼЉΝϴϷЄϴЄЁϼЉΝ϶ЂђϴΝύ.ΝϠϴЁϼЇϴΝϼΝϠϼ-
ЉϴϿϾϹϴ (ЇΝ ЅϾϿЂЃЇΝ ϾϴЀЃϴНϹΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ϻЁϴІЁϼЛϼЉΝ ЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЂЁϼЉΝ ϿϼϸϹЄϴΝ ЇΝ ϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝ ϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝ
1947).ΝϢ϶ЂΝЅЇђϹНϹΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЇ϶ЂϸΝЇΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϹΝЃЄЂϷЂЁϹΝЁϹϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϴЄϴΝІϴϾЂΝϸϴΝ
ЛϹΝϸЂΝЃЂϿЂ϶ϼЁϹΝ1948.ΝЂЃЂϻϼЊϼЛϴΝЃЄϴϾІϼЋЁЂΝϵϼϿϴΝϼϻϵЄϼЅϴЁϴ.ΝϖЂђϹΝϡϹϻϴ϶ϼЅЁϹΝЅЂЊϼЛϴϸϹЀЂ-
ϾЄϴІЅϾϹΝ ЃϴЄІϼЛϹΝ ЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϼΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁϹΝ 1948.Ν ЁϴΝ 15Ν ϷЂϸϼЁϴΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϴ.Ν ϘϹЊϹЀϵЄϴΝ 1947,Ν ЄЇ-
ЀЇЁЅϾϼΝϾЄϴМΝϠϼЉϴЛϿЂΝI,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝϸЇϷЂΝЂϸЂϿϹ϶ϴЂ,ΝЃЄϼЅϼМϹЁΝЛϹΝϸϴΝϴϵϸϼЊϼЄϴ. ϣϼЅЀЂΝϠϴЁϼЇϴ,Ν
ϕЄϴІЛϴЁЇϴΝ ϼΝ ϦϼІϹϿ-ϣϹІЄϹЅϾЇϴΝ ϖ.Ν ϠЂϿЂІЂ϶ЇΝ 13.Ν ЀϴЄІϴΝ 1947,Ν ј I 1945–
1953,Ν584.ΝΝ
25
Νϔύ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϪϹЁІЄϴЁϼΝϾЂЀϼІϹІΝϥϞύΝ(ϪϞΝϥϞύ),Ν507,ΝIБΝ6ΝI/20Νϴ϶ϷЇЅІΝ1947.Ν
26
Ν ϣЄϹЀϴΝ ЁϴЛЁЂ϶ϼЛϼЀΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϴЀϴ,Ν ϻϴΝ ϴϿϵϴЁЅϾЇΝ ІϴЛЁЇΝ ЃЂϿϼЊϼЛЇΝ ϥϼϷЇЄϼЀϼΝ ЛϹΝ Ёϴ϶ЂϸЁЂΝ ЄϴϸϼϿЂΝ
ЂϾЂΝ 17ΣΝ ЃЂЃЇϿϴЊϼЛϹ.Ν Albania opens communist secret police files, Сttp://ааа.ЛЛМ.МШЦ/Ν
ЧОаs/аШrХН-ОurШpО-32552372ΝΝ
56Ν
ϴϿϼΝ ϼΝ ІЄϷЂ϶Њϼ,Ν ЈϴϵЄϼϾϴЁІϼ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼЊϼ,Ν ,,ЁϹЃЂЌІϹЁϴΝ ϼЁІϹϿϼϷϹЁЊϼЛϴ“,Ν ϾЇ-

ϿϴЊϼ,ΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝЂ϶ЂЀΝЁϴЅϼМЇΝϸϴ϶ϴϿЂΝІЂЁΝϾϿϴЅЁϹΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹ.ΝϜЅІЂΝІϴϾЂ,ΝЁϴϸΝϸЂ-
ЀϴОϼЀΝϡϹЀЊϼЀϴΝϼΝϠϴђϴЄϼЀϴΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝϹϿϹЀϹЁϴІϴΝЃЄЂϷЂЁϴΝϼΝϾЂϿϹϾІϼ϶ЁϹΝЂϸ-
ЀϴϻϸϹΝ ϻϴΝ ЇЋϼНϹЁϹΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝ ЇΝ ЄϴІЇ.Ν ϦϴЋϴЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ϸϼ϶МϹϷΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϴ,Ν
ЇЅϿϹϸΝ ϸϹЊϹЁϼЛЅϾϹΝ ЁϹϸЂЅІЇЃЁЂЅІϼΝ ϻ϶ϴЁϼЋЁϼЉΝ ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅЁϼЉΝ ϼΝ ЃЂϿϼЊϼЛЅϾϼЉΝ
ϼϻ϶ЂЄϴΝ ЅϹΝ ІϹϾΝ ЇІ϶ЄђЇЛϹ.Ν ϜЃϴϾ,Ν ϻϴЉ϶ϴМЇЛЇОϼΝ ЂІ϶ϴЄϴНЇΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϴΝ ϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ϵϹϻ-
ϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼΝ ЇΝ ЃЂЅϿϹϸНϼЉΝ ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ϷЂϸϼЁϴΝ ЃЄЂ϶ϹϸϹЁϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϻϴЀϴЌЁϴΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ-
϶ϴНϴΝϼΝЂϵϹϿЂϸϴНϹЁЂΝЛϹΝϸЂ϶ЂМЁЂΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴΝЃϴΝЅϹΝЀЂϺϹΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂΝϼΝ
ЇІϹЀϹМϹЁЂΝЄϹϾЂЁЅІЄЇϼЅϴІϼΝЀϹІЂϸЂϿЂϷϼЛϴΝϼΝϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІΝІϹЄЂЄϴΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝЄϴІϴΝ
ϼΝЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ–ΝЂЁϴϾЂΝϾϴϾЂΝЛϹΝЂЅЀϼЌМϹЁΝЇΝ϶ЄЉЂ϶ϼЀϴΝЃЂϿϼ-
ІϼЋϾЂ-ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅЁЂϷΝϴЃϴЄϴІϴ.Ν
а ,, в ч а“ а 1944 – а 1945.
Ν
ϡϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϸЂΝЅϴϸϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϹЁЂϷΝЀϴІϹЄϼЛϴϿϴΝϼϻΝЄϴϻЁϼЉΝϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϴΝ(ЃЄϹΝ
Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϻϴΝ ІϴЛЁϹΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ 12.Ν ЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ
1944)ΝϼΝЂϸΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝЁϴЇЋЁϼЉΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴЋϴΝϼϻΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝϼΝЄϹϷϼЂЁϴ,ΝЀЂϺϹΝЅϹΝϾЂЁ-
ЅІϴІЂ϶ϴІϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЅϿϼЋϴЁΝ ЅЊϹЁϴЄϼЂΝ ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝ ϵϼЂΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ϼϿϼΝ
϶ϼЌϹΝЃЄϼЅЇІϴЁΝЇΝЅ϶ϼЀΝЅЄЃЅϾϼЀΝϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϼΝ϶ϴЄЂЌϼЀϴ,ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝНϹЁΝϼЁІϹЁ-
ϻϼІϹІΝϻϴ϶ϼЅϼЂΝЂϸΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝЃЄϼϿϼϾϴΝϼΝЂЅЂϵϹЁЂЅІϼΝϿϼЊϴΝϼϻΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ϶ЁЂϷΝϴЃϴ-
ЄϴІϴ.ΝϢ϶ЂΝЅЇΝЅϴЀЂΝϾЄϴІϾϹΝЊЄІϹΝϼΝЇЂЋϹЁϹΝЃЄϴ϶ϼϿЁЂЅІϼΝЇΝЀϹІЂϸϴЀϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴ-
ЊϼЛϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϼϾЄϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ІϴЛЁϼЉΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϸЂЅϴϸϴЌНϹϷΝ
ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴ.ΝΝ
а а а. ϣЄЂЊϹЅЂЀΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϴΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϹОϼЀΝ ϸϹϿЂЀΝ ЛϹΝ ЄЇϾЂ϶ЂϸϼϿЂΝ
ϢϸϹМϹНϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϻϴЌІϼІЇΝ ЁϴЄЂϸϴΝ (ϢϻЁϴ).Ν ϢϻЁϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϸΝ ЅϴЀЂϷΝ ЁϴЅІϴЁϾϴ,Ν 13.Ν ЀϴЛϴΝ
1944.ΝЇΝϘЄ϶ϴЄЇ,ΝЇЅІЄЂЛϹЁϴΝЀϹІЂϸЂϿЂЌϾϼΝЃЂΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾЂЀΝЀЂϸϹϿЇΝϾϴЂΝЃЂϿϼІϼ-
ЋϾϴΝЃЂϿϼЊϼЛϴΝ϶ЂђϹЁϴΝϼϻΝЛϹϸЁЂϷΝЊϹЁІЄϴΝϼΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЂЁЂΝЛϹϸϼЁЅІ϶ϹЁЂΝЃЂЅІϴ-
϶МϹЁϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЊϹϿЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛЇ.ΝϘϼЄϹϾІЁЂΝЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝЃЂϸЄϹђϹЁϴΝϣЂ϶ϹЄϹЁϼЌІ϶ЇΝϻϴΝ
ЁϴЄЂϸЁЇΝЂϸϵЄϴЁЇΝϡϞϢύ-ϴ,ΝЃЄ϶ϹΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϹΝ϶ϿϴϸϹ,ΝϾЂЛϴΝЛϹΝЅІ϶ЂЄϹЁϴΝЁϴΝ
ϘЄЇϷЂЀΝ ϻϴЅϹϸϴНЇΝ ϔϖϡϢύ-ϴ.Ν ϡϴЋϹϿЁϼϾΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ϻϴΝ ЊϹϿЇΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛЇΝ ϵϼЂΝ ЛϹΝ
ϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸϴЄΝϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,ΝЋϿϴЁΝϖЄЉЂ϶ЁЂϷΝЌІϴϵϴΝϡϢϖύΝϼΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЂЁϼΝЅϹϾЄϹ-
ІϴЄΝϪϞΝϞϣύ,ΝϴΝϻϴЀϹЁϼϾΝϥ϶ϹІϼЅϿϴ϶ΝϥІϹЈϴЁЂ϶ϼОΝ(„ϐϹОϴ“)ΝЁϴΝЃЄϹϸϿЂϷΝЅЂ϶ЛϹІ-
ЅϾϹΝ ЀϼЅϼЛϹ.Ν ϢϻЁϴΝ ϻϴΝ ϥЄϵϼЛЇΝЈЂЄЀϼЄϴЁϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ЛЇЁЇΝ1944.Ν ЁϴΝ ϖϼЅЇΝ ϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЃЄ϶ЂϷΝ
ЁϴЋϹϿЁϼϾϴΝϢϻЁϹΝϻϴΝϥЄϵϼЛЇΝЃЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁΝЛϹΝϥϿЂϵЂϸϴЁΝϣϹЁϹϻϼОΝϞЄЊЇЁ.ΝϢЄϷϴЁϼΝ
ЁЂ϶ϹΝ ЅϿЇϺϵϹΝ ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼΝ ЃЂЅІϴ϶МϴЁϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЃϴЄϴϿϹϿЁЂΝ ЅϴΝ ЂЅ϶ϴЛϴНϹЀΝ ЃЂЛϹϸϼ-
ЁϼЉΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϴ,ΝЇϻΝЅІ϶ϴЄϴНϹΝЀЄϹϺϹΝЂЃЇЁЂЀЂОϹЁϼϾϴ,ΝЃЂ϶ϹЄϹЁϼϾϴ,ΝϴϷϹЁϴІϴΝϼΝ
ϸЂЇЌЁϼϾϴ,Ν ЋϼЀϹΝ ЛϹΝ ЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶МϴЁϴΝ Ѕ϶ϹЂϵЇЉ϶ϴІЁϴΝ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿϴΝ ЁϴϸΝ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌ-
І϶ЂЀΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.ΝϣЂЅϿϹΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶МϴНϴΝЀЄϹϺϹΝЂЄϷϴЁϴΝЂ϶ϹΝЅϿЇϺϵϹΝЃЄϼЅІЇЃϴϿЂΝЅϹΝ
ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ ϾϴϾЂΝ ЂЅЇЀНϼЋϹЁϼЉΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ЃЂϵϹϷϿϼΝ
ІϴϾЂΝ ϼΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ –Ν ,,ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ“.27Ν ϧΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇ,Ν
27
ΝϬϹЈΝϣЄ϶ЂϷΝЂϸЅϹϾϴΝϵϼЂΝЛϹΝϠϼϿϹΝϠϼϿϴІЂ϶ϼО;ΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝϤϴϸЂ϶ϴЁΝϗЄϾЂ϶ϼО,ΝϦЄϹОϹϷΝϥϿЂϵЂϸϴЁΝ
ϞЄЅІϼОΝ ϧЋϴΝ ϼΝ ϫϹІ϶ЄІЂϷΝ ϥ϶ϹІЂϿϼϾΝ ϟϴϻϴЄϹ϶ϼО.Ν ϞЂЅІϴΝ ϡϼϾЂϿϼОΝ ϼΝ ϕЂЛϴЁΝ ϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛϹ϶ϼО,Ν
,,Ϣϛϡ-ϴΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ –Ν ϸ϶ϴΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴ“,Ν Ν
57Ν
ϾϴЂΝ϶ϴϺЁЂЀΝЀϹЅІЇ,ΝЂϸЀϴЉΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝЈЂЄЀϼЄϴЁΝЛϹΝЃЂЅϹϵϴЁΝЊϹЁІϴЄΝϢϻЁϹΝ
ϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЄЇϾЂ϶ЂϸϼЂΝЂЃϹЄϴІϼ϶ЂЀΝϻϴΝЊϹЂΝϷЄϴϸ.ΝϢЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЛϴΝЛϹΝЃЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁϴΝЃЂΝ
Ͼ϶ϴЄІЂ϶ϼЀϴΝ (16)ΝЅϴΝЃЂЅϹϵЁϼЀΝЂϸЅϹЊϼЀϴ,ΝЂЃЇЁЂЀЂОϹЁϼЊϼЀϴΝϼΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЀΝϼϻϴЅ-
ϿϴЁϼЊϼЀϴ,ΝЃЂ϶ϹЄϹЁϼЋϾЂЀΝЀЄϹϺЂЀΝϼΝЃЂЀЂОЁϼЀΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϴЀϴ,ΝЂϸЄϹђϹЁϼЀΝЃЂЅ-
ІЇЃϾЂЀΝϼΝЃϿϴЁЂЀΝЄϴϸϴ.ΝϣЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁЂΝЛϹΝϼΝЃЄϼЛϴ϶ЁЂΝЂϸϹМϹНϹ,ΝϾЂЛϹΝЅϹΝЅІϴЄϴϿЂΝ
ϻϴΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМЅϾϹΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϹΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϼЀϴϿЂΝ ЃЄϼЛϴ϶ϹΝ ЂϸΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν
,,ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМЅϾϼЉΝ ϹϿϹЀϹЁϴІϴ“.Ν ϣЄϼΝ Ͼ϶ϴЄІЂ϶ϼЀϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЈЂЄЀϼЄϴЁϼΝ ϼЀЃЄЂ϶ϼϻЂ-
϶ϴЁϼΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺЁϼΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϼΝ ЂϸϴϾϿϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼΝ ЅϿϴІϼΝ ЇΝ ЊϹЁІЄϴϿϹΝ (ϗϿϴ϶НϴЋϴ,Ν
ЂЇЌϼЁϴΝϼΝϕϴНϼЊϴ).28ΝΝ
ϢЅϼЀΝ ЇΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϼЀϴΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ЃЂІ϶ЄϸЇΝ ЂΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϴНЇΝ ЄϹ϶Ђ-
ϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЂϷΝЁϴЅϼМϴΝϼΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЉΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴ,ΝЇϻΝϻЁϴНϹΝϼΝЂЄϷϴЁϼ-
ϻϴЊϼЛЇΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϼЉΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ϼΝ ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅЁϼЉΝ ϼЁЅІϴЁЊϼ,Ν ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ
ϥЄϵϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ,Ν ЁϴϿϴϻϼЀЂΝ ϼΝ ϾЂϸΝ ϶ЂϸϹОϼЉΝ ϴϾІϹЄϴΝ ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹ.Ν ϖϿϴϸϼ-
ЀϼЄΝϘϹϸϼЛϹЄΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝϦϼІЂ϶ЂΝЃϼЅЀЂΝϣϹϾЇΝϘϴЃЋϹ϶ϼОЇΝ϶ϹОΝ16.ΝЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1944:Ν
„ϣЂЌϴМϼΝ ЀϼΝ ЉϼІЁЂΝ ЃЄϹϾЂΝ ϕϹϿϹΝ ϪЄϾ϶ϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϖЄЌϴЊΝ ЛϹϸЁЇΝ ЂϸΝ ЁϴЛϵЂМϼЉΝ ЛϴϾϼЉΝ
ϵЄϼϷϴϸϴ,Ν Ϲ϶ϹЁІЇϴϿЁЂΝ ϞЄϴЛϼЌϾЇ.Ν ϣЂІЄϹϵЁЂΝ ЀϼΝ ЛϹΝ ϸϴΝ ЂЋϼЅІϼЀΝ ϖЄЌϴЊΝ ЂϸΝ
Ќ϶ϴЃЅϾϼЉΝ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴ.“29Ν ϧΝ ІЂЀΝ ЅЀϼЅϿЇΝ ϼЁІϹЄϹЅϴЁІЁϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂϿϹЀϼϾϴΝ ϼϻЀϹђЇΝ
Ϡ.ΝЂϼϿϴЅϴΝϼΝϖ.ΝϘϹϸϼЛϹЄϴΝЂϾЂΝЇϿЂϷϹΝЇΝЃЂЀϹЁЇІϼЀΝϸЂϷϴђϴНϼЀϴ.ΝЂϼϿϴЅΝЃЂІ-
϶ЄђЇЛϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝ϶ϴЁЅЇϸЅϾϼЉΝЃЄЂϷЂЁϴ:Ν„ύЂЌΝЃЄϹΝЁϴЌϹϷΝЇϿϴЅϾϴΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝЀϼΝ
ЅЀЂΝ ЇЅІϴЁЂ϶ϼϿϼΝ ϾЄϼІϹЄϼЛЇЀϹΝ ЃЂΝ ϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ ОϹΝ ЅϿϹϸϵϹЁϼЊϼΝ ϡϹϸϼОϴΝ ϼΝ ώЂІϼОϴΝ
ϵϼІϼΝ ЇϵϼЛϴЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϿϼЊЇΝ ЀϹЅІϴ.Ν Ϣ϶ЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϶ϹОΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ ЂϵЛϴ϶МϹЁЂΝ ϼϴϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ ϶ϹОϼЁϴΝ
ЅϿϹϸϵϹЁϼϾϴΝώЂІϼОϴΝϼΝϡϹϸϼОϴΝЃЂ϶ϿϴЋϼϿϴΝЅϴΝϡϹЀЊϼЀϴ.ΝϛϴЅϼϷЇЄЁЂΝЀϹђЇΝЇϵϼ-
ЛϹЁϼЀϴΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹΝϼΝЂЁϼЉΝϾЂЛϹΝϵϼΝϼΝЁϴЛϷЂЄϼΝϼΝЁϴЛЁϹЃЄϴ϶ϹϸЁϼЛϼΝЅЇϸΝЃЂЌІϹϸϹЂ.“Ν
ϠϹђЇІϼЀ,ΝЂϼϿϴЅΝЂϸЄϼЋϹΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЂЁΝϼΝϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОΝϵϼϿϼΝІ϶ЄϸϴΝЄЇϾϴ,ΝϾϴϾЂΝІЂΝІ϶Є-
ϸϼΝ ϘϹϸϼЛϹЄ,Ν ϶ϹОΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ϾЂЁЊϹΝ ϶ЇϾϴЂΝ ϦϼІЂ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼЂΝ ϾЂЁЅЇϿІЂ϶ϴЁΝ ϼΝ ЂΝ
ЁϴЛЅϼІЁϼЛϼЀΝ ЃϼІϴНϼЀϴ:Ν „ϴΝ ϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼЂΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЃЄЂϸЇϺϹЁϴΝ ЄЇϾϴΝ ϦϼІЂ϶ϴ,Ν
ЃЂΝЃЂІЄϹϵϼΝЁϹϾϴϸΝЅІЄЂϷϴ,ΝЁϹϾϴϸΝϵϿϴϷϴ“.30ΝϣЂЅϹϵЁЂΝЛϹΝЇΝІЂЀΝЅЀϼЅϿЇΝϻЁϴЋϴЛЁϴΝ
ϸϹЃϹЌϴΝϔ.ΝϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОϴΝϢϻЁϼΝϻϴΝϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾЇΝЂϸΝ15.ΝЀϴЛϴΝ1945.ΝЇΝϾЂЛЂЛΝ ЅϹΝϾϴϺϹ:Ν
„ϖϴЌΝЄϴϸΝЇΝϛϴϷЄϹϵЇΝЛϹΝЁϹϻϴϸЂ϶ЂМϴ϶ϴЛЇОϼ.ΝϛϴΝ10ΝϸϴЁϴΝЇΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹЁЂЀΝϛϴϷЄϹ-
ϵЇΝЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝЛϹΝЅϴЀЂΝ200ΝϵϴЁϸϼІϴ.ΝϤϴϸϼІϹΝЅЇЃЄЂІЁЂΝЂϸΝЁϴЌϼЉΝЁϴЄϹђϹНϴΝЛϹЄΝ
10/2010,Ν(ϞЄϴМϹ϶Ђ,Ν2010),Ν153–161.Ν
28
ΝϛϵЂϷΝ϶ϴϺЁЂЅІϼΝϻϴϸϴІϴϾϴ,ΝЃЄ϶ϼΝЌϹЈΝϢϻЁϹΝϻϴΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝϵϼЂΝЛϹΝϥϿЂϵЂϸϴЁΝϣϹЁϹϻϼО,ΝϴϿϼΝЛϹΝЁϴΝІЂЛΝ
ЈЇЁϾЊϼЛϼΝ ЂЅІϴЂΝ ϶ϹЂЀϴΝ ϾЄϴІϾЂ.Ν ϛϴΝ Ѕ϶ЂϷΝ ЁϴЅϿϹϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϼϻϴϵЄϴЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϠϼϿЂЌϴΝ ϠϼЁϼОϴ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ
ϸЇϺЁЂЅІΝЃЄϼЀϼЂΝЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝЁЂ϶ϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝϞϴϸϴΝЛϹΝϼϻϴϵЄϴЁΝϻϴΝЄϹЃЇϵϿϼЋϾЂϷΝЛϴ϶ЁЂϷΝІЇϺϼЂ-
Њϴ,ΝЁϴΝНϹϷЂ϶ЂΝЀϹЅІЂΝϸЂЌϴЂΝЛϹΝЊЄЁЂϷЂЄЅϾϼΝϾϴϸϴЄΝϖϹМϾЂΝϠϼОЇЁЂ϶ϼО,ΝϴΝϻϴΝϻϴЀϹЁϼϾϴΝУОΝϼϻϴϵ-
ЄϴЁΝϤϴϸЂ϶ϴЁΝϗЄϾЂ϶ϼО.ΝϣЂЌІЂΝЛϹΝϼΝϖϹМϾЂΝϠϼОЇЁЂ϶ϼОΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1945.ΝϼЀϹЁЂ϶ϴЁΝϻϴΝЁϴЋϹϿ-
ЁϼϾϴΝ ЊЄЁЂϷЂЄЅϾϹΝ ϢϻЁϹ,Ν ЁϴΝ НϹϷЂ϶ЂΝ ЀϹЅІЂΝ ϸЂЌϴЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϸЄЇϷϼΝ ЊЄЁЂϷЂЄЅϾϼΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴ,Ν ύЂ϶ЂΝ
ϞϴЃϼЋϼО.ΝϣЄ϶ϼ,ΝϼЁЈЂЄЀϴІϼ϶ЁϼΝЂϸЅϹϾΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝЃЂϸΝЄЇϾЂ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ЂЀΝϖϴЅϼϿϼЛϴΝϞЂ϶ϴЋϹ϶ϼОϴ,ΝϴΝЇϻΝ
НϹϷϴΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝϼϻ϶ϹЅЁϼΝϕЂϷЂ϶ϴЊΝϼΝϖϼϸϴϾΝϣЂЃЂ϶ϼО.ΝϘЄЇϷϼΝЂϸЅϹϾΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝϼЅϿϹϸЁϼЋϾϼ,ΝЁϴΝЋϹϿЇΝ
ЅϴΝ ύϹЈІЂЀΝ ϬϴЌϼОϹЀ,Ν ЇΝ ϦЄϹОϹЀ,Ν ϼϻ϶ЄЌЁЂЀ,Ν ϵϼЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϣϴ϶ϿϹΝ ϣϹϾϼО,Ν ϥІЂϿϹΝ ϞЂ϶ϴЋϹ϶ϼО.Ν ϛϴΝ
ЅЀϹЌІϴЛΝ ϼΝ ϼЅЉЄϴЁЇΝ ЅІϴЄϴЂΝ ЅϹΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЅЁϼΝ ϥϼЀϼО.Ν ϢϻЁϴΝ (ϧϸϵϴ)Ν ϻϴΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϸϼЄϹϾІЁЂΝ
ЃЂІЋϼНϹЁϴΝϢϻЁϼΝ(ϧϸϵϼ)ΝϻϴΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛЇΝЅ϶ϹΝϸЂΝЛϴЁЇϴЄϴΝ1948.ΝϡϼϾЂϿϼОΝϼΝϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛϹ϶ϼО,Ν .
.,Ν153–161;ΝϔЄЉϼ϶ΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝ(ϔϥ),ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЃЄϼІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼϾϴΝϢϛϡ-ϹΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ1-3.Ν
29
Ν ϦϴϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЅІЂІϼЁϴΝ ЁϹЀϴЋϾϼЉΝ ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ.Ν VХКНТЦТrΝ DОНТУОr,Ν
Novi prilozi za biografiju druga TitaΝIII,Ν(ГКРrОЛ,Ν1983),Ν145.Ν
30
ΝDОНТУОr,Νn. d.,722;ΝMТХШvКЧΝĐТХКs,ΝVlast,Ν(LШЧНШЧ,Ν1983),Ν14.Ν
58Ν
ЅЀЂΝЄϹϾϿϼΝϸϴΝЄϴϸϼІϹΝϵЄϻЂΝϼΝϹЁϹЄϷϼЋЁЂΝϼΝϸϴΝЅ϶ϹΝЅ϶ЄЌϼІϹΝЇΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝϸϴЁϼЀϴ.“31
ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЋϾϼΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄΝ ϠϼІЛϴΝ ϨϹЄϹЁЊΝ Ёϴ϶ЂϸϼΝ ϸϹЃϹЌЇΝ ЂϸΝ 25.Ν ЛЇЁϴΝ
1945.Ν ϾЂЛЇΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂЅϿϴЂΝ ЃЂІЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾΝ ІϴϸϴЌНϹΝ ЛЇϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϹЁЅϾϹΝ ϶ϿϴϸϹΝ ϙϸ϶ϴЄϸΝ
ϞϴЄϸϹМΝЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾЇΝЅϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЋϾϹΝ϶ϿϴϸϹΝϕЂЄϼЅЇΝϞϼϸЄϼЋЇ,ΝЇΝϾЂЛЂЛΝЁϴϿϴϺϹΝϸϴΝ
ЅϹΝ ЇϵЄϻϴЛЇΝ „ЋϼЌОϹНϴ“,Ν ЂϸЁЂЅЁЂΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЉΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿЁϼЉΝ ϻϴЄЂϵМϹ-
ЁϼϾϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝϼΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴ:Ν„ϡϴЛϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝІЂϾЂЀΝІЄϼΝЅϹϸЀϼЊϹΝϵϼОϹΝ
ЄϴЅЃЇЌІϹЁΝ ϥЇϸΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϹΝ ЋϴЅІϼ.Ν ϖЂЛЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ОϹΝ ЅЇϸϼІϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЀΝ
ϿϼЊϼЀϴ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹΝ ϸЄЇϷϹΝ ОϹΝ ЃЄϹЇϻϹІϼΝ ЄϹϸЂ϶ЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼ.Ν ϕϼОϹΝ ЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϹЁϴΝ ЁЂ϶ϴΝ
ϴЀЁϹЅІϼЛϴ.ΝϡϹЀϴІϹΝϸϴϾϿϹΝЁϼϾϴϾ϶ЂϷΝЄϴϻϿЂϷϴΝϸϴΝϵЇϸϹІϹΝІϴϾЂΝЅЃЂЄϼΝЇΝЋϼЌОϹНЇΝ
ϾϴЂΝ ϸЂΝ Ѕϴϸϴ.Ν ϞϴЄϸϹМ.“Ν ϧΝ ϸЄЇϷЂЀΝ ЛϹϸЁЂЀΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІЇΝ ЅϹΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ЂΝ ІЄϹІЀϴЁЇΝ
ЂЈϼЊϼЄϴ:Ν „ϢЈϼЊϼЄϹΝ ЋϼЅІϼІϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ЄϹϸЂЀ,Ν ЂЅϼЀΝ ϴϾЂΝ ϻϴΝ ЁϹϾЂϷϴΝ ϸЂϵϼЛϹІϹΝ ЂϸΝ
Ϣϛϡ-ϹΝϼϿϼΝЃϴЄІϼЛϹΝϸϴΝϷϴΝЁϹΝІЄϹϵϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴІϼ.ΝϧЂЃЌІϹ,ΝЇΝЋϼЌОϹНЇΝІЄϹϵϴΝ
ϵϼІϼΝ ϹЁϹЄϷϼЋϴЁΝ ϼΝ ЁϹЀϼϿЂЅЄϸϴЁ.“Ν ϠЂЀЋϼϿЂΝ ϘЇϷϴϿϼО32Ν (ЃЂІЃϼЅΝ –Ν ϥ.Ν Ϫ.).Ν
ϜЅІϼΝ ЂЈϼЊϼЄΝ ЇΝ ϸЄЇϷЂЀΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІЇΝ ЃЂЁϴ϶Мϴ:Ν ,,ϣЄϼϿϼϾЂЀΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϴΝ ϻϴЄЂϵ-
МϹЁϼϾϴ,ΝЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝϹϿϹЀϹЁІϹΝЁϹЀϼϿЂЅЄϸЁЂΝЅЀϼЊϴІϼΝϼΝЃЄϼΝІЂЀΝІϹϺϼІϼ,ΝϸϴΝ
ЃЂΝЀЂϷЇОЅІ϶Ї,ΝЁϼЛϹϸϴЁΝЁϹΝЃЄЂЀϴϾЁϹ.“33ΝϪϼМΝЛϹΝЂЋϼϷϿϹϸЁЂΝϵϼЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴІϼΝ
ЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝМЇϸϼ,ΝЃЄϹΝЁϹϷЂΝЌІЂΝϵЇϸϹΝЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϹЁϴΝϴЀЁϹЅІϼЛϴΝЇЃЄϾЂЅΝϻ϶ϴЁϼЋ-
ЁϼЀΝϻϴϵЄϴЁϴЀϴΝϸϴΝЅϹΝ϶ЄЌϹΝϹϷϻϹϾЇЊϼЛϹΝϾЂЛϹΝЅЇΝϼЌϿϹΝЂϸΝЅϴЀЂϷΝϦϼІϴΝϴΝϾЂЛϹΝЅЇ,Ν
ϼЅЃЂЅІϴ϶ϼϿЂΝ ЅϹ,Ν ϵϼϿϹΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ϸϹϾϿϴЄϴІϼ϶ЁϹΝ ЃЄϼЄЂϸϹ.Ν ϡϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϸЂЅІЇЃЁϼЉΝ
ϼϻ϶ЂЄϴΝ ЀЂϺϹΝ ЅϹΝ ϻϴϾМЇЋϼІϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ ЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝ ЄϴђϹЁϹΝ ЃЂΝ ЅϼЅ-
ІϹЀЇΝϸϴΝ„Ѕ϶ϴϾЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴΝЅ϶ЂЛϹ“.ΝϤЇϾЂ϶ЂϸЅІ϶ЂΝЅϹΝϸϴМϹΝЅІϴЄϴϿЂΝϸϴΝϼЅІϼЁϴΝЂΝ
ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЀΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝ ЀЂЄϴΝ ЂЅІϴІϼΝ ЅІЄЂϷЂΝ ЋЇ϶ϴЁϴΝ ІϴЛЁϴ:Ν
,,ϘϹЅϼЂΝЅϹΝЅϿЇЋϴЛΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϼΝЂЈϼЊϼЄϼΝϷЂ϶ЂЄϼϿϼΝЂЅІϴϿϼЀϴΝЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼ-
ЛϴЀϴΝ ІЛ.Ν ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϶ЄЌϹЁϹΝ ЇΝ НϼЉЂ϶ЂЀΝ ЃЄϼЅЇЅІ϶Ї.Ν ϤϴϻϷЂ϶ϴЄϴϿϼΝ ЅЀЂΝ ЅϴΝ ЌІϴϵЂЀΝ
ϸϼ϶ϼϻϼЛϹΝ ϸϴΝ Ѕ϶ϼΝ ІϴϾ϶ϼΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϼΝ ЂϸЁЂЅЁЂΝ МЇϸϼΝ ϵЇϸЇΝ ЃЂϻ϶ϴЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄ-
ЁЂЅІΝϼΝϾϴϺНϹЁϼ.ΝϥϴϸϴΝЅϹΝ϶ЂϸϼΝϾϴЀЃϴНϴΝЃЂΝЃϴЄІϼЛЅϾЂЛΝϿϼЁϼЛϼΝЂΝϵЇϸЁЂЅІϼΝϼΝ
ϾЂЁЅЃϼЄϴЊϼЛϼ.“34Ν
а ђ ва . ϣЂЅϿϹΝ ЃЄϼЛϴ϶ϹΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁϴ,Ν ЂЄϷϴЁϼΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ЅЇΝ
ЃЄϼ϶ЂϸϼϿϼΝЂЅЇЀНϼЋϹЁϹ,ΝϴΝЂЈϼЊϼЄϼΝЅϴЅϿЇЌϴ϶ϴϿϼΝϼΝЃЄϴ϶ϼϿϼΝНϼЉЂ϶ΝϾϴЄІЂЁΝ
(ϸЂЅϼЛϹ).ΝϕϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝϾϴϸϴΝЅЇΝЅϹΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝϡϹϸϼОϹ϶ϹΝЅІЄϴϺϹ,ΝЅϴЂϵ-
ЄϴОϴЛЁϼΝЃЂϿϼЊϴЛЊϼ,ΝЄϹЋЁϴΝЅІЄϴϺϴ,ΝϺϴЁϸϴЄЀϼ,ΝЃЂЌІϴЄϼ,Ν϶ϴІЄЂϷϴЅЊϼΝϼΝЅϿϼЋ-
ЁϴΝЇЁϼЈЂЄЀϼЅϴЁϴΝϿϼЊϴΝЅϴЀϴΝЃЄϹϸϴ϶ϴϿϴ,ΝЅЀϴІЄϴЛЇОϼΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЁϼЅЇΝЂϷЄϹЌϼϿϴΝЂΝ
ϻϴϾЂЁΝ ϼΝ „ЂϾЄ϶ϴ϶ϼϿϴΝ ЄЇϾϹ“Ν ЇΝ ЄϴІЇΝ ϼΝ ЅІЂϷϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ЃЂ϶ЇϾϿϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϠϼϿϴЁЂЀΝ
ϡϹϸϼОϹЀΝϼΝϘЄϴϷϼЀΝύЂ϶ϴЁЂ϶ϼОϹЀ.ΝϥЇђϹНϴΝЅЇ,ΝЃЂΝЃЄϴ϶ϼϿЇ,ΝЇΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝЀϹЅϹЊϼЀϴΝ
ϵϼϿϴΝ ІϴЛЁϴΝ ϼΝ ЈϼϾІϼ϶Ёϴ.Ν ϧΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝ ЅϹ,Ν ЁϴΝ ЃЄϼЀϹЄ,Ν ЅϴΝ Ѕ϶ϼЀΝ ϾϴЄІЂЁϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ
31
ΝDОpОšКΝVrСШvЧШРΝštКЛКΝJAΝ–ΝA.ΝЊКЧФШvТΕКΝupuΕОЧКΝOГN-ТΝгКΝHrvКtsФu,ΝPartizanska i komuni-
stička represija i zločini u Hrvatskoj 1944–1946, Dokumenti,Ν prТrОНТШΝ VХКНТЦТrΝ GОТРОr,Ν
(ГКРrОЛ:ΝHrvКtsФТΝТЧstТtutΝгКΝpШvТУОst,Ν2006),Ν17–20,Ν113.Ν
32
ΝϖЂЛЁϼΝϔЄЉϼ϶Ν(ϖϔ),ΝϨЂЁϸΝϖЂЛЁЂ-ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅЁϹΝϴϷϹЁЊϼЛϹΝ(ϖϕϔ),ΝϞ.Ν5,ΝЅ϶.Ν3,ΝϿϼЅІΝ79,ΝϵЄ.Ν1175,Ν
6.Ν5.Ν1945.Ν
33
Νϖϔ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϖϕϔ,ΝϞ.Ν5,ΝЅ϶.Ν3,ΝϿϼЅІΝ79,ΝϵЄ.Ν1175,Ν30.Ν4.Ν1945.Ν
34
ΝϘϴΝЅϹΝЄϴϸϼϿЂΝЂΝЂϻϵϼМЁЂЛΝЃЄϹІНϼΝϼΝЅІЄЂϷЂЛΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁЂЛΝІϴЛЁϼ,ΝЅ϶ϹϸЂЋϼΝϼΝЋϼНϹЁϼЊϴΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϾϴЅ-
ЁϼЛϹ,ΝϻϵЂϷΝЃЄϼЋϴΝЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝЁϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϹΝϼΝЃЂϸΝЂЃІЇϺϵϴЀϴΝϻϴΝЌЃϼЛЇЁϴ-
ϺЇΝ1947.ΝЂЅЇђϹЁϴΝϙϿϻϴΝϣЄϹЀЌϴϾΝЇΝ32.ΝϷЂϸϼЁϼΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІЁЇΝϾϴϻЁЇ.ΝMТtУКΝFОrОЧМ,Ν„ГХО(HuНК)Ν
УКЦК.ΝГХШčТЧΝuΝruНКrsФШЦΝШФЧuΝBКrЛКrКΝuΝHuНШУΝУКЦТΝФШНΝLКšФШР“,ΝHeretikusΝ3–4/2011,Ν51.ΝΝ
59Ν
ЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϸЁϹ϶ЁЂΝЂϸϿϴϻϼϿЂΝЇΝϠϴϷϿϴЛЅϾЇΝЇϿϼЊЇΝ(ϘϹϸϼНϹ),ΝϷϸϹΝЅЇΝМЇϸϼΝϼϻΝ
ϷϿϴ϶ЁЂϷΝ ЌІϴϵϴΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ЃЄϹϷϿϹϸϴϿϼΝ ЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛЇ.35Ν ϜϻΝ 16Ν
,,Ͼ϶ϴЄІЂ϶ЅϾϼЉΝϢϻЁϼ“ΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЅЇΝМЇϸϼΝЅϿϴІϼΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄΝЁϴΝϕϴНϼЊϼ,ΝϷϸϹΝϵϼΝЅϹΝ
ЂϸϿЇЋϼ϶ϴϿЂΝЂΝϸϴМЂЛΝЅЇϸϵϼЁϼΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉ.ΝϏϼЉЂ϶ϴΝЂϿЂ϶ϾϴΝЛϹΝЇΝ њ -
- ЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝϼЅЃϼЅϼ϶ϴϿϴΝϸ϶ϹΝЄϹЋϼ:Ν„ϕϴНϼЊϴ“ΝϼϿϼΝ„ЅІЄϹМϴІϼ“Ν
(ЇΝЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЂ϶ЂΝϸЄЇϷЂ,ΝϴϾЂΝЅЇΝЇΝЃϼІϴНЇΝϵϼϿϴΝЇЁϼЈЂЄЀϼЅϴЁϴΝϿϼЊϴΝ
ϼϿϼΝ ЂϻЁϴЋϹЁϴΝ ϾϴЂΝ „ϼϻЄϴϻϼІϼΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМ“).36Ν ϥϾϼЁЇІϼΝ ЁϹϾЂϷϴΝ ЅϴΝ ЅЃϼЅϾϴΝ ЁϴΝ
ϾЂЛϹЀΝЅЇΝМЇϸϼΝЅІϴ϶МϹЁϼΝЇΝϾϴІϹϷЂЄϼЛЇΝ„ϥ“ΝϼΝЂϸЄϹђϹЁϼΝϻϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЛϹ,Ν
ЃЄϹЀϴΝϼϻЛϴ϶ϴЀϴΝϴϾІϹЄϴ,ΝϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝЁϹЀЂϷЇОϹ.37ΝϣЂЅϹϵЁЂΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϴΝϹ϶ϼϸϹЁЊϼЛϴΝЅϹΝ
϶ЂϸϼϿϴΝ ЂΝ ЃЄϹϸЅІϴ϶ЁϼЊϼЀϴΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿЁϹΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼ:Ν ϾЀϹІЂ϶ϼЀϴ,Ν ϸϹϿЂ϶ЂђϴЀϴ,Ν ЃЄϹϸ-
ЅϹϸЁϼЊϼЀϴΝЂЃЌІϼЁϴ,ΝЃЂϿϼЊϴЛЊϼЀϴΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЀϴΝϼϻΝЋϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЋϾЂϷΝϴЃϴЄϴІϴ.ΝϞϿϴ-
ЅЁϼΝЀЂІϼ϶ΝЁϴϷЂ϶ϹЌІϴ϶ϴΝЅϹΝϼΝЋϼНϹЁϼЊЂЀΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЇΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼЀϴΝЋϹЅІЂ,ΝЃЂЄϹϸΝ
ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЂЁϼЉΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴϿϴϻϹΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЃϼЅϾЇΝ ϻϴΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛЇ,Ν
Ёϴ϶ЂϸϹΝϼΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼΝЃЂϸϴЊϼΝЂΝ϶ϿϴЅЁϼЌІ϶ЇΝЁϴϸΝϻϹЀМϼЌІϹЀ,ΝЁϹϾЄϹІЁϼЁϴЀϴΝϼΝ
ϸЄЇϷЂЛΝ ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϼ.Ν ϟϼЊϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЇΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺЁЂЀΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝ ЋϹЅІЂΝ ЃЂϸ϶ЄϷϴ϶ϴЁϴΝ ЁϴЛЄϴϻ-
ϿϼЋϼІϼЛϼЀΝЂϵϿϼЊϼЀϴΝІЂЄІЇЄϹΝϼΝЀЇЋϹНϼЀϴΝϼΝІЇΝЁϴЀΝЅ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϴΝЃЄϹϺϼ϶ϹϿϼЉΝ
ϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝЂΝЁϴЛЁϹ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁϼЛϼЀΝϼΝЅ϶ϼЄϹЃϼЀΝЂϵϿϼЊϼЀϴΝ(ЋЇЃϴНϹΝЁЂϾІϼЛЇ,ΝЅϼϿЂ-
϶ϴНϴ,Ν ЅϴϾϴОϹНϴ,Ν ЃЄϹϵϼЛϴНϴΝ ϼІϸ.).38Ν ϣЂϾЇЌϴЛϼΝ ϼΝ ϼЁϼЊϼЛϴІϼ϶ϹΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝ ϼΝ
ϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ ЇЂЋϼΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝ 1944.Ν (ЃЂЃЇІΝ ϔЃϹϿϴΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝ ЇΝ ϖϿϴЅЂ-
ІϼЁЊЇ)ΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЂϵЇЅІϴ϶ϼΝϵЄϴІЂЇϵϼϿϴЋϾϼΝЄϴІ,ΝϸϴΝЅϹΝϹ϶ϹЁІЇϴϿЁϼΝϾЄϼ϶ЊϼΝϼϻ϶ϹϸЇΝ
ЃЄϹϸΝ ЅЇϸΝ ЁϴϾЂЁΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЂϵЇЅІϴ϶ϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ЄϹЃЄϹЅϴϿϼЛϹ,Ν ЇϻΝ ЁϴϸϻЂЄΝ
35
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝϨ.ΝϵЄ.Ν53,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉ. Ν
36
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЃЄϼІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼϾϴΝϢϛϡ-ϹΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ1–3.ΝΝ
37
Ν ,,ϢЅϿЂϵϴђϴНϹΝ ϘϹϸϼНϴ“,Ν ,Ν ϵЄ.Ν 8,Ν 1999,Ν 64;Ν ϥЄђϴЁΝ Ϫ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν ђ ,Ν
(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:ΝϜЁЅІϼІЇІΝϻϴΝЅϴ϶ЄϹЀЁЇΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЇ,Ν2006),Ν173.Ν
38
Ν ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝ ϘЂϵЄϼ϶ЂЛϴΝ ϦЂЀϼОϴΝ ϼϻΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ;Ν ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝ ϞϿЂϸϹІΝ ϦЂϸЂЄЂ϶ϼОΝ ϼϻΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ;Ν
ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϣϹІЄϴΝύϹϿϹЁϾЂ϶ϼОϴΝϼϻΝϛϴϷЄϴђϴ.Ν-ΝϡϴЋϹϿЁϼϾΝϦЄϹОϹϷΝЂϸϹМϹНϴΝϢϻЁϹΝύϹЈІЂΝϬϴЌϼОΝ
Ђ϶ϴϾЂΝЂЃϼЅЇЛϹΝϴІЀЂЅЈϹЄЇΝЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝЃЂΝЇϿϴЅϾЇΝЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϼЉΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϴΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:Ν„ϢϸϿϴ-
ϻϼϿϼΝ ЅЀЂΝ ЅϴΝ ЂϸЄϹђϹЁЂЀΝ ЅϿϼϾЂЀΝ ЂΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМЅϾϼЀΝ ϹϿϹЀϹЁІϼЀϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЛϹΝ ІЄϹϵϴϿЂΝ ЉϴЃЅϼІϼ.Ν
ϢЋϼϷϿϹϸЁЂ,ΝЛЂЌΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝϾЄϼІϹЄϼЛϴ.ΝϠϹІЂϸΝЄϴϸϴΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼЂΝϸЂ϶ЂМЁЂΝЃЄЂ϶ϹЄϹЁ,ΝІϴϾЂΝϸϴΝЅЀЂΝ
ЁϹϾϼΝЃЇІΝЇЅЃϹϿϼΝЁϴϵϼІϼΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹΝϼΝЃЄϹϾЂΝЀϹЄϹΝМЇϸϼ,ΝϾЂЛϹ,ΝЁЂЄЀϴϿЁЂ,ΝЁϹΝϵϼΝІЄϹϵϴϿЂΝϵϼІϼΝ
ЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇ.ΝϛЁϴЀΝЅϴЀЂΝЛϹϸЁЂ,ΝϾϴϸϴΝЅЇΝ϶ϹОΝЅІϴ϶МϹЁϼΝϼΝЇΝЃЂϸЄЇЀϹ,ΝϸϴΝЅϴЀΝϸЂϵϼЂΝϻϴϸϴІϴϾΝЂϸΝ
ϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОϴ,ΝϸϴΝЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝЂϸϹЀΝϼΝϸϴΝЅϴΝЃЇЁϼЀΝНϹϷЂ϶ϼЀΝЂ϶ϿϴЌОϹНϼЀϴΝЃЄϹϼЅЃϼІϴЀΝϾЂΝЛϹΝ
Ѕ϶ϹΝІЂΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝϼΝϸϴΝЃЇЅІϼЀΝЅ϶ϹΝЂЁϹΝϻϴΝϾЂЛϹΝЅЀϴІЄϴЀΝϸϴΝЁϹΝІЄϹϵϴΝϸϴΝϵЇϸЇΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇ.Νϡϴϼ-
ЀϹ,ΝϸЂϵЄϼЀΝϸϹϿЂЀΝϼΝ϶ЂЛЅϾϴΝЛϹΝЃЄϹЇϻϼЀϴϿϴΝЁϹϾϹΝϼЁϼЊϼЛϴІϼ϶Ϲ,ΝЃϴΝЛϹΝϼΝЅϴΝІϹΝЅІЄϴЁϹ,ΝЃЂЅϹϵЁЂΝЇΝ
ЁϹϾϼЀΝ ЃЂϸЄЇЀϼЀϴΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ЁϴϵϼЛϹЁϴΝ ЀϴЅϴΝ МЇϸϼ,Ν ЌІЂΝ ЁϴЅΝ ЛϹΝ ЀЂϷϿЂΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϾЂЀЃЄЂЀϼІЂ϶ϴІϼ.Ν
ϦϴϾЂΝЅЀЂΝϵϼϿϼΝЇΝЅІϴНЇΝϻϴЂЌІЄϼІϼΝϵЇϸЁЂЅІ,ΝϴϿϼΝЁϹϾϼΝЃЇІΝЇΝЁϹϾЂЛΝЃЄϹІϹЄϴЁЂЅІϼΝϼΝϾЄЇІЂЅІϼΝ
ϼΝЂϸЅІЇЃϼІϼΝϼΝЃЂЃЄϴ϶ϼІϼΝІϴϾ϶ϹΝЅ϶ЂЛϹΝЃЄЂЃЇЅІϹ.ΝϦЄϹОϼΝЃЄЂϵϿϹЀΝϾЂЛϼΝЁϴЀΝЅϹΝЁϴЀϹІϴЂ,ΝϴΝІЂΝ
ЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЃϼІϴНϹΝϾЄϼІϹЄϼЛϴ.ΝϡϴЀϴΝЅϼІЇϴЊϼЛϴ,ΝЇΝІЂЀΝЃЂϷϿϹϸЇ,ΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿϴΝϸЂ϶ЂМЁЂΝЛϴЅЁϴ,ΝϾϴϾЂΝ
ЅϹΝЂЄϼЛϹЁІϼЄϴІϼΝЃЄϹЀϴΝЋϹІЁϼЊϼЀϴ,ΝϻЁϴЋϼΝϾЂϷϴΝІЄϹІϼЄϴІϼΝϾϴЂΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϴ,ΝϴΝϾЂϷϴΝЀЂϵϼϿϼϻϼ-
ЄϴІϼ,ΝЃϴΝЃЄϹОϼΝЃЄϹϾЂΝІϴϾ϶ϹΝЃЄЂЌϿЂЅІϼ...ΝϥЄЃЅϾϴΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝЅІЄϴϺϴ.ΝϢЁϴΝЛϹΝϼЀϴϿϴΝϾϴЄϴϾІϹЄΝ
ЃЄЂЈϹЅϼЂЁϴϿЁϹΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϹ,Ν ЁϹЌІЂΝ ϼϻЀϹђЇΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϹΝ ϼΝ ϺϴЁϸϴЄЀϹЄϼЛϹ.Ν ϞϴϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЂЅІϴ϶ϼІϼΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ
НϼЀϴ,ΝЇΝϾЂЛЂЛΝЀϹЄϼΝЅЇΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝІϹΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМЅϾϹΝЈЂЄЀϴЊϼЛϹΝϵϼϿϼΝІϼЃϼЋЁϴΝЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋ-
ϾϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϴΝ϶ЂЛЅϾϴ,ΝϴΝЅϴΝϸЄЇϷϹΝЅІЄϴЁϹ,ΝϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЅЇ,ΝϾϴЂΝЂЄϷϴЁϼΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼ,Ν϶ЄЌϼϿϼΝЁϹϾϹΝ
ЃЂЅϿЂ϶Ϲ,Ν ϾЂЛϹΝ ЁЂЄЀϴϿЁЂΝ ІЄϹϵϴΝ Ѕ϶ϴϾϴΝ ЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЛϴΝ ϻϴЛϹϸЁϼЊϴΝ ϸϴΝ Ѕ϶ЄЌϴ϶ϴ.Ν ϦЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЄϹЊϼЀЂ,Ν
ЃϼІϴНϹΝ ЅϴЂϵЄϴОϴЛϴΝ ЇΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝ ϼΝ ЁϼϻΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЉΝ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЛϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЁЂЄЀϴϿЁЂΝ Ѕ϶ϴϾϼΝ ЄϹϺϼЀΝ ЀЂЄϴΝ
ϼЀϴІϼ.Ν ϢϾЂΝ ІЂϷΝ ϾЄϼІϹЄϼЛЇЀϴΝ ЅІϴϿЁЂΝ ЅЀЂΝ ЀЂЄϴϿϼΝ ϵϼІϼΝ ЅЃЄϹЀЁϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ϾЂЄϼϷЇЛϹЀЂΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ
ϸϼЈϹЄϹЁЊϼЄϴЁЂΝЃϴϺМϼ϶ЂΝЃЄϼϿϴϻϼЀЂ.“ΝϡϼϾЂϿϼОΝϼΝϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛϹ϶ϼО,Ν . .,Ν153–161.Ν
60Ν
Ѕϴ϶ϹϻЁϼЋϾϹΝЀϼЅϼЛϹ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЀЁЂϷϹΝЃϹІϼЊϼЛϹΝϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝϾϴϾЂΝϵϼΝЅϹΝЅЃϴЅϿϼΝЃЂЛϹϸϼ-
ЁϼΝЇϷϿϹϸЁϼΝϷЄϴђϴЁϼ,ΝЃЂΝЃЄϴ϶ϼϿЇ,ΝЁϼЅЇΝϸϴ϶ϴϿϹΝЁϼϾϴϾϴ϶ΝЄϹϻЇϿІϴІ.ΝϫϹЅІЂΝЅЇΝϼΝ
ЅϴЀϼΝϴЃϹϿϴЁІϼΝϻϴ϶ЄЌϴ϶ϴϿϼΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇ.39ΝΝ
в а . ύЂЌΝ ЇЂЋϼΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЉΝ ϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϴΝ ϼΝ
϶ϴЄЂЌϼΝ ЃЂΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЀЁЂϷϼЀΝ ЀϹЅІϼЀϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЂІЃЂЋϹϿϴΝ ЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝ ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝ
ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ.Ν ϬϼЄϹΝ ϷϿϹϸϴЁЂΝ ϼΝ Іϻ϶.Ν ,,ϿϹ϶ϴΝ ЅϾЄϹІϴНϴ“Ν 1941–1942.Ν ЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ
ЃЄϹϸ϶ϹЋϹЄЛϹΝЂ϶ЂϷΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϴ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝІϴϸϴΝЂϵЇЅІϴ϶МϹЁ,ΝϴΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝЃЂЁЂ-
϶ЂΝЃЂЅІϴЂΝϻ϶ϴЁϼЋЁϴΝϸϼЄϹϾІϼ϶ϴ.ΝϦϴϾЂΝЛϹΝ϶ϹОΝϸЂΝ2.ΝЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝЁϴΝύϴϵϿϴЁϼЋ-
ϾЂЀΝЃЂϸЄЇЋЛЇΝЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝ13,Ν52ΝϵϼϿЂΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇ,ΝϴΝЇΝϛϹЀЇЁЇΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝ57ΝЅІЄϹ-
МϴЁϼЉΝϼΝϸϴІЂΝЁϴЄϹђϹНϹΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЛЂЌΝ187ΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴ,ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝϵϼϿЂΝЂϾЂΝ
90Ν ϿϼЊϴ.40Ν ϟϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЄϴђϹЁϹΝ ЃЂΝ ЇЁϴЃЄϹϸΝ ЃЄϼЃЄϹЀМϹЁЂЀΝ ϼΝ ϸЂϵЄЂΝ
ЂЅЀϼЌМϹЁЂЀΝЃϿϴЁЇ.ΝϘϼЄϹϾІϼ϶ϹΝЅϴΝ϶ЄЉϴΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϹΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϹ.ΝϦЄϴϺϼϿϴΝЅϹΝЁϴЛ-
϶ϹОϴΝ ϾЂЁЅЃϼЄϴІϼ϶ЁЂЅІΝ ϼΝ ϵϹЅϾЂЃЄЂЀϼЅЁϼΝ ЂϵЄϴЋЇЁΝ ЅϴΝ ј Ν ϼΝ -
,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЂЁϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝНϼЉЂ϶ϼΝЛϴІϴЊϼ.ΝϦϴϾЂΝЅϹΝЇΝЛϹϸЁЂЀΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІЇΝ
ϾϴϺϹ:Ν„ϘϴΝϵϼΝϼЅЃЇЁϼϿϼΝϻϴϸϴІϾϹΝЃЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁϹΝЂϸΝЁϴЌϹϷΝЁϴЄЂϸϴΝϼΝЁϴЌϹΝϣϴЄІϼ-
ЛϹ,ΝЀЂЄϴЀЂΝЅ϶ЂЛЅϾϼΝЃЄϼЂЁЇІϼΝЁϴΝЄϴϸΝϼΝЃЂЅІϴІϼΝЀϴЛЅІЂЄϼΝЅ϶ЂϷϴΝЃЂЅϿϴ.ΝύϹϸϴЁΝ
ЂϸΝ ЁϴЛϷϿϴ϶ЁϼЛϼЉΝ ϻϴϸϴІϴϾϴΝ ЇЂЃЌІϹ,Ν ϸϴЁϴЅΝ ЛϹΝ ЇЁϼЌІϹНϹΝ ϸЂЀϴОϹΝ ЄϹϴϾЊϼЛϹΝ –Ν
ϼϻϸϴЛЁϼϾϴΝ–ΝНϼЉЂ϶ЂΝϼЅІЄϹϵМϹНϹΝϼϻΝЅϴЀЂϷΝϾЂЄϹЁϴΝϼΝϸϴ϶ϴНϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝЁϴЄЂϸЇ.Ν
ϘϴΝϵϼΝЇЅЃϹϿϼΝЇΝЂ϶ЂЀϹ,ΝЀЂЄϴЀЂ,ΝЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴ,ΝЃЂϸϼОϼΝϼΝЇЋ϶ЄЅІϼІϼΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЛЇΝ
–ΝϢϛϡ-Ї.ΝϢЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЛЇΝϢϛϡ-ϹΝЃЂϸϼОϼΝОϹЀЂΝϼΝЇЋ϶ЄЅІϼІϼΝЅϴЀЂΝϴϾЂΝЇΝНЇΝϻϴΝ
ЃЂ϶ϹЄϹЁϼϾϹΝЇϻϼЀϴЀЂΝЂЁϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝІЂΝЅ϶ЂЛϼЀΝЃЂЁϴЌϴНϹЀ,ΝЂϸϴЁЂЌОЇΝϼΝЄϴϸЂЀΝ
ϻϴЅϿЇϺϼϿϼ.ΝϦЄϹϵϴΝϼЀϴІϼΝЁϴΝЇЀЇΝϸϴΝЃЂ϶ϹЄϹЁϼЊϼΝЁϹΝЅЀϹЛЇΝϻЁϴІϼΝЛϹϸϴЁΝϻϴΝϸЄЇ-
ϷЂϷ,Ν ϾϴЂΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ϼЅІϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЄϴϸЇΝ ЃЂϾϴϺЇΝ ЌІЂΝ ϾЂЁЅІЄЇϾІϼ϶ЁϼЛϼ.Ν (...)Ν ϣЄϼЀϹІϼЂΝ
ЅϴЀΝϼΝϸЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁЂΝЀϼΝЛϹΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЁϹΝ϶ЄЌϼΝϾϴϾЂΝІЄϹϵϴ,ΝЂϸЁЂЅЁЂ,ΝϸϴΝЅϹΝ
ЁϹΝ ϶ЄЌϹΝ ϾЂЁЅЃϼЄϴІϼ϶ЁЂ.Ν ϘϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЇϵЇϸЇОϹΝ ЁϹΝ ϵϼΝ ϷЄϹЌϼϿЂΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϹΝ ϵϼΝ ЅІϴ-
϶МϴϿϹΝЃЄϼЀϹϸϵϹ,ΝЅϴЂЃЌІϴ϶ϴЀΝ ϶ϴЀΝϸϴΝ ЅϹΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЁϹΝЅЀϹΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϼІϼΝЇΝ϶ЂЛ-
ЅЊϼ,Ν ЂϸЁЂЅЁЂ,Ν ЇΝ ϶ϴЌЂЛΝ ЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϼ.Ν ϧϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ ЇϾϴϺϹΝ ЃЂІЄϹϵϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЀЂЄϴΝ
ϼϻ϶ЄЌϼІϼΝ ЅІЄϹМϴНϹ,Ν ϸЂЅІϴ϶ϼОϹІϹΝ ЀϼΝ ЃЂϸϴІϾϹΝ ЅϴΝ ϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ ЄϴЅЃЂϿϴϺϹІϹ,Ν ϼΝ
ЃЂЌІЂΝ϶ϴЀΝЛϴΝϸϴЀΝЂϸЂϵЄϹНϹ,Ν ЅІЄϹМϴОϹІϹ.ΝϥϴЀЂΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЀЂЄϴΝϵϼІϼΝϼϻ϶Ϲ-
ϸϹЁЂΝЇΝЁϴЛ϶ϹОЂЛΝϾЂЁЅЃϼЄϴЊϼЛϼ,ΝІϴϾЂΝϸϴΝЁϼΝЅϴЀΝϬІϴϵΝϵЄϼϷϴϸϹΝЁϹΝϻЁϴ.ΝϡϴЃЂ-
ЀϼНϹЀΝ϶ϴЀΝЛЂЌΝЛϹϸЁЂЀ,ΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЂ϶ЂΝЂϸЁЂЅϼΝЁϴΝЅ϶ϹΝЂЁϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЅϹΝЁϴϿϴϻϹΝЇΝ϶ϴЌЂЛΝ
ЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϼ.ΝϜЀϴЛІϹΝЂ϶ЂΝЁϴΝЇЀЇ,ΝЛϹЄΝЇϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЅϹΝЁϹΝϵЇϸϹІϹΝϸЄϺϴϿϼΝЂ϶ЂϷϴ,ΝЅЁЂ-
ЅϼОϹІϹΝ ϿϼЋЁЂΝ ЃЇЁЇΝ ЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄЁЂЅІΝ (...)Ν ϧϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ЇΝ ІЂϾЇΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϴΝ ЁϴϼђϹІϹΝ ЁϴΝ
ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϹΝϸϴΝЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϹΝЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϹΝЂϸЄϺϴ϶ϴЛЇΝ϶ϹϻЇΝЅϴΝЋϹІЁϼЊϼЀϴΝЇΝЌЇЀϼ,ΝЂЁЂ-
ϷϴΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЂϷϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЅЇЀНϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЂϸЄϺϴ϶ϴΝ ϶ϹϻЇΝ –Ν ЅІЄϹМϴЛІϹΝ ЁϴЛϾЂЁЅЃϼЄϴІϼ϶ЁϼЛϹ,Ν ϴΝ
ЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϼΝϻϴϵЄϴЁϼІϼΝϾЄϹІϴНϹΝϼϻΝЅϹϿϴΝϼΝЂϵϴ϶ϹЅІϼІϹΝЛϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼΝЇЃЇОϹЁΝ
ЇΝϿЂϷЂЄ.“41ΝΝ
39
ΝϖϹОϼЁϴΝЃЂІЃϼЅЁϼϾϴΝϔЃϹϿϴΝЇΝϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊЇΝϼϻ϶ϹϸϹЁϴΝЛϹΝЃЄϹϸΝЅІЄϹМϴЋϾϼΝ϶ЂϸΝЁϴΝЋϹϿЇΝЅϴΝЃЄϹϸ-
ЅϹϸЁϼϾЂЀΝ ЂЃЌІϼЁϹΝ ϥ϶ϹІЂϻϴЄЂЀΝ ϥІЂЛϴЁЂ϶ϼОϹЀΝ ϕЇђϼОϹЀΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ Лϴ϶ЁЂΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ ЇΝ
ϟϹЅϾЂ϶ЊЇ.Ν ϔЄЉϼ϶Ν ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϻϴΝ ІϴЛЁϹΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ 12.Ν ЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ
1944.Ν(ϔϘϞϛϦϗ),ΝϜЁϼЊϼЛϴІϼ϶ϴΝϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊϴΝЂϸΝ13.ΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝϡϢϖύ-ЇΝϻϴΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ-
϶МϴНϹΝЃЄϼЀϼЄЛϴ;Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝϨ.Ν53,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ–ΝЛЇϷΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.Ν
40
ΝϡϼϾЂϿϼОΝϼΝϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛϹ϶ϼО,Ν . .,Ν153–161.Ν
41
Νϖϔ,ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϖϕϔ,ΝϷЄϴђϴΝϢϸϹМϹНϴΝϻϴЌІϼІϹΝЁϴЄЂϸϴ,ΝϞ-11,ΝϨ-1,ΝϘϹЃϹЌϴΝЂЃЇЁЂЀЂОϹ-
ЁϼϾϴΝ47.Νϸϼ϶ϼϻϼЛϹ,ΝϐЇЃЄϼЛϴ,Ν15.ΝЁЂ϶ϹЀϵϴЄΝ1944.Ν
61Ν
ϡϴϾЂЁ,Ν ЂϵϼЋЁЂΝ ϾЄϴІϾЂϷΝ ϵЂЄϴ϶Ͼϴ,Ν ЇΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺЁЂЀΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ (Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ

ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ϸϴЁϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЅϹϸЀϼЊϴ),Ν ϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼЊϼΝ ЅЇ,Ν ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇђϹНϴ,Ν ϶Ϲϻϼ϶ϴЁϼΝ ІϹϿϹ-
ЈЂЁЅϾЂЀΝϺϼЊЂЀΝЇΝϸЂНϹЀΝ϶ϹЌЇΝ(ϼϿϼΝЄϹђϹΝЃЂІЃЇЁЂΝϷЂϿϼ),ΝЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝЂϸ϶ЂђϹ-
ЁϼΝЇΝϷЄЇЃϴЀϴΝЃЂΝ30–50ΝϿϼЊϴΝЁϴΝϷЇϵϼϿϼЌІϴ.ΝϥІЄϹМϴЁϼΝЅЇΝЁϴΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝЁϴΝ
ЂϵЂϸϼЀϴΝ ϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϴ,Ν ϾЄЇϷЇΝ ЅϴЀϼЉΝ ϾϴЅϴЄЁϼ,Ν ЂϵϿϼϺНϼЀΝ ЌЇЀϴЄЊϼЀϴ,Ν ЂϵϴϿϴЀϴΝ
ЄϹϾϴΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЀΝЀϹЅІϼЀϴ,ΝЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝЇΝІЂϾЇΝЁЂОϼ.ΝϥϴЀЂΝІЂϾЂЀΝЛϹϸЁϹΝЁЂОϼΝ31.Ν
ЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝЁϴΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛЇΝϟϴЃЂІϼЁЊϹΝϾЂϸΝϟϹЅϾЂ϶ЊϴΝЃЄϹЀϴΝ њ -
ΝϢϻЁϹΝϼϻ϶ϹϸϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЋϴϾΝ81ΝϿϼЊϹ.ΝϥІЄϹМϴЋϾϼΝ϶ЂϸΝЛϹΝϵЄЂЛϴЂΝЂϵϼЋЁЂΝ15–30Ν
϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝ ϞϡϢύ-ϴ,Ν ЂϸΝ ϾЂЛϼЉΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ Ѕ϶ϼΝ ϼЀϴϿϼΝ ЀϹІϴϾΝ ЇΝ ЊϹ϶ϼ.Ν ϣЄϼϿϼϾЂЀΝ ЅІЄϹ-
МϴНϴΝЋϹЅІЂΝЅЇΝϼΝЅϴЀϼΝϹϷϻϹϾЇІЂЄϼΝϸЂϵϼЛϴϿϼΝЁϹЄ϶ЁϹΝЁϴЃϴϸϹΝϼΝЃЄϹϺϼ϶Мϴ϶ϴϿϼΝ
ІϹЌϾϹΝЃЅϼЉϼЋϾϹΝϾЄϼϻϹ.42ΝϜЀϴΝЃЄϼЀϹЄϴΝϸϴΝЅЇΝϿϼЊϴΝЁϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЂϸ϶ЂђϹЁϴΝЇΝ
ϸЄЇϷϹΝϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϹΝ(ЁЃЄ.ΝϼϻΝЂϾЂϿϼЁϹΝϟϹЅϾЂ϶ЊϴΝϼΝϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊϴΝЇΝϣϼЄЂІ!),ΝЀЂϷЇОϹΝ
ϻϵЂϷΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝ,,Ͼ϶ЂІϴ“ΝϴϿϼΝϼΝϾϴϾЂΝЅϹΝЁϹΝϵϼΝЃЄϹЃЂϻЁϴ϶ϴϿϼΝЀϹђЇЅЂϵЁЂ.ΝϛϵЂϷΝ
ІЂϷϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЁϹЄϹІϾЂΝ ЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝ ϶ЄЌϼϿϴΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ ϾЂЛϴΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ϼϻΝ ϼЅІЂϷΝ ϾЄϴЛϴ.43Ν
ϣЂЅІЂЛϹΝЃЄϼЀϹЄϼ,ΝϸЂϸЇЌϹΝЁϹΝІϴϾЂΝЋϹЅІϼ,ΝЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝЀϴϿЂϿϹІЁϼЉΝϿϼЊϴ,ΝЇЋϹ-
ЁϼϾϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝϚϼ϶ϹΝϞЂ϶ϴЁЂ϶ϼОϴΝϼϻΝϞЄϴϷЇЛϹ϶ЊϴΝ(16ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴ),ΝϴΝЅ϶ЂЛϹ϶ЄЅІϴЁΝϾЇЄϼ-
ЂϻϼІϹІΝЛϹΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝϿϼЊϴΝϴϿϵϴЁЅϾϹΝЁϴЄЂϸЁЂЅІϼΝЄЂђϹЁϼЉΝ1933.ΝЃϴΝ
ЋϴϾΝ ϼΝ 1935.Ν ϷЂϸϼЁϹ.44Ν ϕϹϿϹϺϹΝ ЅϹΝ ϼΝ ЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϴЋЁϼΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϼΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ
ЄϴНϹЁϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝϸϼЄϹϾІЁЂΝϼϻΝϵЂϿЁϼЊϴΝЅЃЄЂ϶ЂђϹЁϼΝЁϴΝ
ЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝ (ϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊϹ,Ν ϖϴМϹ϶Ђ,Ν ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ).Ν ϣЂЄЂϸϼЊϴЀϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ЃЄ϶ϼЀΝ ІЄϹЁЇ-
ЊϼЀϴΝЂЀЂϷЇОϹЁЂΝϸϴΝϸЂЁЂЅϹΝЉЄϴЁЇΝϼΝЂϷЄϹ϶ΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼЊϼЀϴ.ΝϧЂЋϼΝЅϴЀϹΝϹϷϻϹ-
ϾЇЊϼЛϹΝϵϼΝϼЀΝЋϹЅІЂΝϵϼϿЂΝЄϹЋϹЁЂΝϸϴΝЁϹΝϸЂϿϴϻϹΝЛϹЄΝЅЇΝϿϼЊϴΝ,,Ђϸ϶ϹϸϹЁϴΝЇΝϤЇЅϼ-
ЛЇ“Ν ϼϿϼΝ ЇΝ ЁϹϾϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϼΝ ϿЂϷЂЄ.Ν ϧΝ ЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϼЀΝ ІЄϹЁЇЊϼЀϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϼΝ ϸЁϹ϶ЁЂΝ ЋϼІϴЁϼΝ
ЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϼΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ (ϕϴНϼЊϴ-ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ)Ν ϼϿϼΝ ЃЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂΝ ϸϹМϹЁϹΝ ЃЂІ϶ЄϸϹΝ ЂΝ
ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀϴΝ(ϢϵϼϿϼОϹ϶Ν϶ϹЁϴЊ,ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ).45Ν
ϢЅϼЀΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝЂЃЇЁЂЀЂОЅІϴ϶ϴΝϢϻЁϹ,ΝЋϹЅІЂΝЅЇΝЁϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϴЀϴΝЃЂϸΝ
϶ЂЛЁЂЀΝ ЇЃЄϴ϶ЂЀΝ (ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϴΝ ϼΝ ϞЂЅЂ϶Ђ)Ν ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϶ЄЌϼϿϹΝ ЅϴЀϹΝ ϶ЂЛЁϹΝ
ЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϹ.Ν ϦЇΝ ϼЀϴΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЅЇЀϴЄЁϼЉΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϴΝ ЂΝ ЂϾ϶ϼЄЁЂЀΝ ϵЄЂЛЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴ-
ЁϼЉ.ΝϏϼЉΝϾϴЄϴϾІϹЄϼЌϹΝ϶ϹОϴΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁЂЅІ,ΝϴϿϼΝϼΝЋϹЅІЂΝϴЁϴЄЉϼЋЁЂЅІΝЅϴΝЃЄϼЀϹ-
ЄϼЀϴΝ ЄϴІЁϹΝ ЂЅ϶ϹІϹ,Ν ЃЄϹІϹЄϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴ,Ν ЃЄϹϵϼЛϴНϴΝ ЃЄϼϿϼϾЂЀΝ
42
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝϨΝ53,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЛЇϷΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ;Ν ј ј ј-
ј 12. 1944,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν2011).Ν-ΝϩЇϷЂΝϞϿϴЛЁ,ΝЁϹЇЄЂЃЅϼ-
ЉϼЛϴІϴЄ,Ν ϻϴЅІЇЃЁϼϾΝ ϨЄЂЛϸЂ϶ϹΝ ЃЅϼЉЂϴЁϴϿϼϻϹ,Ν ЁϴЃϼЅϴЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ 1945.Ν ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϵЂϷϴІϹΝ
ЃЄϴϾЅϹΝЇΝϖЂЛЁЂЛΝϵЂϿЁϼЊϼΝЇΝϞЂ϶ϼЁЇ,ΝϼЁІЄϼϷϴЁІЁЇΝЅІЇϸϼЛЇΝ Ј ϾЂЛϴΝ
ЛϹΝϸЇϷЂΝЋϴЀϼϿϴΝЇΝЈϼЂЊϼ.ΝϧΝНЂЛΝϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЉϼМϴϸϴΝЃЅϼЉϼЋϾϼЉΝϵЂϿϹЅЁϼϾϴ-ЛЇЄϼЌϴЁϴІϴ ЇΝ
ЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾЂЛΝ϶ЂЛЅЊϼΝϼΝЂΝІЂЀϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЂ϶ϴΝϵЂϿϹЅІΝϸϹϿЂЀΝЃЄЂϼϻϴЌϿϴΝϼϻΝЂ϶ϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝІЄϴЇЀϴ,Ν
ϴϿϼΝϼΝϼϻΝϸЇϵЂϾЂΝЇϾЂЄϹНϹЁЂϷΝЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁЂϷΝЀϹЁІϴϿϼІϹІϴ.ΝϖϼЌϹΝЇ:ΝϩЇϷЂΝϞϿϴЛЁ,Ν -
Ј ,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:Ν1995).
43
ΝϧΝϣϼЄЂІЇΝЛϹΝЁϴΝЃЄϼЀϹЄΝЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝЂϾЂΝ300ΝϿϼЊϴ,ΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝϼϻΝЂϾЂϿϼЁϹΝϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊϴΝϼΝϟϹЅ-
ϾЂ϶Њϴ,ΝϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЛϹΝЇЅϿϹϸϼϿЂΝЁϴϾЂЁΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝЇΝЁϹЄϴϻЛϴЌНϹЁϼЀΝЂϾЂϿЁЂЅІϼЀϴΝЅІЄϴϸϴЂΝЌϹЈΝ
ϢϻЁϹΝϻϴΝϣϼЄЂІΝϣϴ϶ϿϹΝϕЂЌϾЂ϶ϼО.Νϔϥ,ΝϔЄЉϼ϶ΝϕϜϔ,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝϵЄ.Ν53.ΝΝ
44
ΝϥЇМϴΝϔϸϼЁ,ΝЄЂђϹЁΝ1935,ΝЅІЄϹМϴЁΝϻϴІЂΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝЇЉ϶ϴОϹЁΝ,,ϸϴΝЁЂЅϼΝЀЇЁϼЊϼЛЇΝϵϴЁϸϼΝϬϴϵϴЁϴΝ
ϣЂϿЇϺϹ“.Νϔϥ,ΝϔЄЉϼ϶ΝϕϜϔ,ΝЈ.Ν101,Ν46.Ν
45
Νϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϘЂϵЄϼ϶ЂЛϴΝϦЂЀϼОϴΝϼϻΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,Νϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϘЄϴϷϴЁϴΝϕϴϵϼОϴΝϼϻΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,Νϥ϶Ϲ-
ϸЂЋϹНϹΝϠϼϿϼЊϹΝϖϹЅϹϿϼЁЂ϶ϼОΝϼϻΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,ΝϣЂІ϶ЄϸϴΝϢϛϡ-ϹΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴНЇΝϠϼЉϴϼϿϴΝϖϹЅϹϿϼ-
ЁЂ϶ϼОϴ,ΝϣЂІ϶ЄϸϴΝϢϛϡ-ϹΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴНЇΝϡϼОϼЈЂЄϴΝϕϴϵϼОϴ.Ν-ΝϔϘϞϛϦϗ,ΝϨ.Ν1,ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ.Ν
62Ν
ЅЃЄЂ϶ЂђϹНϴΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЅϿϼЋЁЂϷ.46ΝϫϹЅІЂΝЅЇΝІϹϿϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ
ϼϻϿϴϷϴЁϴΝ ЄϴϸϼΝ ϻϴЅІЄϴЌϼ϶ϴНϴΝ (Лϴ϶ЁϴΝ ϶ϹЌϴНϴ)Ν ϴΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝ ϾϴϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ
ЃЄϹЃЇЌІϴЁϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϼЀϴΝЁϴΝЀЇЋϹНϹΝϼΝЃЄϹϵϼЛϴНϹ.47ΝϕϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЀЁЂϷЂΝЁϹЃЄϴ϶ϼϿ-
ЁЂЅІϼΝ ЇΝ ЄϴϸЇΝ ϢϻЁϹ.Ν ϦϹϾΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝ 1945.Ν ЅІϼϺЇΝ ЃЄ϶ϼΝ ЅϼϷЁϴϿϼΝ ЂϸΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϼЉΝ
ϻ϶ϴЁϼЋЁϼϾϴΝϢϻЁϹΝϸϴΝЂ϶ϴϾ϶ЇΝЃЄϴϾЅЇΝІЄϹϵϴΝЁϴЃЇЅІϼІϼΝϼΝЃЄϹОϼΝЁϴΝϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼ-
ЂЁϴϿϼϻЂ϶ϴЁϼЛϼΝЂϵϿϼϾΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹΝЃЄϹЀϴΝЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЀΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϼЀϴΝϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂ-
ЄϴЁІϼЀϴ.Ν ϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸϴЄΝ ϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν ϴΝ ϻϴІϼЀΝ ϼΝ ϥϿЂϵЂϸϴЁΝ ϣϹЁϹϻϼОΝ ϞЄЊЇЁΝ 25.Ν
ϸϹЊϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝЃЂϻϼ϶ϴЛЇΝϸϴΝІЄϹϵϴΝЃЄϹЅІϴІϼΝЅϴΝЃЄϴϾЅЂЀΝЇϵϼЛϴНϴΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ
ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇђϹНϴ.Ν ϜЅЃЂ϶ϹЅІϼΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЅЇΝЃЂϸЇϸϴЄЁϹΝЇΝЅІϴ϶ЇΝϸϴΝЅЇΝϵϹЅЂ-
ЀЇЋЁϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝЃЄϹЅІϴϿϴΝЇΝϸЄЇϷЂЛΝЃЂϿЂ϶ϼЁϼΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ1945,ΝЂϸΝϾϴϸϴΝЅϹΝЅ϶ϹΝ
϶ϼЌϹΝϼЌϿЂΝЁϴΝЅЇϸЅϾϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϹΝЃЄϹϸΝ϶ЂЛЁϼЀ,ΝϴΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿЁϼЀΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼ-
Ѐϴ.48Ν ϜΝ ЇΝ ϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄϼΝ ЅϹΝ Ёϴ϶ЂϸϼΝ ϴϾІΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϥЄϵϼЛЇΝ ЂϸΝ 9.Ν ЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ 1945.Ν
ϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЇЃЇІϼЂΝϥ.ΝϣϹЁϹϻϼОΝЅ϶ϼЀΝЂЃϹЄϴІϼ϶ЊϼЀϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ,ΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϾЂЛϹϷΝЅϹΝ
ЛϴЅЁЂΝЇЂЋϴ϶ϴЛЇΝϸЂІϴϸϴЌНϹΝϴЁЂЀϴϿϼЛϹΝϼΝϸϴЛЇΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЁЂ϶ϼΝЃЄϼЂЄϼІϹІϼ.49Ν
ва а а в а а .Ν ϘЂΝ ϾЄϴЛϴΝ 2012.Ν
ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝϻϴΝІϴЛЁϹΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝЛϹΝϹ϶ϼϸϹЁІϼЄϴϿϴ,ΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϴЄЉϼ϶ЅϾϼЉΝϸЂϾЇЀϹ-
ЁϴІϴ,ΝЃЄϼЛϴ϶ϴΝϷЄϴђϴЁϴΝϼΝЅ϶ϹϸЂϾϴ,Ν211ΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϴΝЁϴΝІϹЄЂІЂЄϼЛϼΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.ΝϧϾЇЃ-
ЁЂΝ ЅЇΝ ЅЁϼЀМϹЁϹΝ ϼΝ ϸЂΝ ЅϴϸϴΝ ϸϹІϴМЁϼЛϹΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϹЁϹΝ 33Ν ϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ЅϴЅϿЇЌϴЁЂΝ
ЁϴΝ ϸϹЅϹІϼЁϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹϸЂϾϴΝ ЇΝ ϛϴЛϹЋϴЄЅϾЂЀ,Ν ϤϴЌϾЂЀ,Ν ϖϴМϹ϶ЅϾЂЀ,Ν ϬЇЀϴϸϼЛЅϾЂЀ,Ν
ϠϴЋ϶ϴЁЅϾЂЀΝЂϾЄЇϷЇ,ΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЇΝϥϹ϶ϹЄЁЂϵϴЋϾЂЀΝЂϾЄЇϷЇΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼ.Ν
ϦЂϾЂЀΝ2011.ΝЃЄЂ϶ϹϸϹЁϹΝЅЇΝϻ϶ϴЁϼЋЁЂΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝϸ϶ϹΝϹϾЅЉЇЀϴЊϼЛϹ:ΝЇΝϣЂІЂϾЇΝϛЀϼ-
ЛϴЁϴЊΝ(ϕЂМϹ϶ϴЊ)ΝϼΝЇΝϾЄЇϷЇΝЈϴϵЄϼϾϹ ϨϼЛϴІΝ(ϞЄϴϷЇЛϹ϶ϴЊ)Ν–ΝϸЂΝϾЂЛϹΝЛϹΝϸЂЌϿЂΝ
ЅϿЇЋϴЛЁЂ,ΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЄϴϸЂ϶ϴΝ ЁϴΝЄЇЌϹНЇΝЃϴЄϾϼЁϷϴ.ΝϡϴΝЂϵϹΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϶ϹЌІϴЊϼΝЅЇΝ
ЇІ϶ЄϸϼϿϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЄϴϸϼϿЂΝ ЂΝ ЅІЄϹМϴНЇΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ϸϹЅϹІϼЁϴΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ϼϻΝ ЅϴЀЂϷΝ ϷЄϴϸϴΝ
ϼϿϼΝЂϾЂϿЁϼЉΝЀϹЅІϴ.Ν
ϟЂϾϴЊϼЛϹΝ ІϴЛЁϼЉΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЂϵϼЋЁЂΝ ϵϼϿϹΝ ЇΝ ЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂЛΝ ЂϾЂϿϼЁϼΝ
ЁϴЅϹМϴ,Ν ЂϵϿϼϺНϼЀΝ ЃϴЄϾЂ϶ϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЌЇЀϴЄЊϼЀϴΝ ЇΝ ϵϿϼϻϼЁϼΝ ϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϴ,Ν ЇΝ ϾЄЇϷЇΝ
ϾϴЅϴЄЁϼΝϼΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϴ,ΝЇΝЅЇЅϹϸЁϼЀΝЅϹϿϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϴΝЅЇΝЅϿЇϺϼϿϴΝϾϴЂΝЅϴϵϼЄЁϼΝϿЂϷЂЄϼΝ
(ϞЄЇЃϴЊΝϾЂϸΝϡϼЌϴ,ΝϟϴЃЂІϼЁЊϹΝϼΝϥϿϴ϶ЁϼϾΝϾЂϸΝϟϹЅϾЂ϶ЊϴΝϼΝϸЄ.)ΝЁϴΝЂϵϴϿϴЀϴΝ
ЄϹϾϴΝ (ЀЂЅІΝ ЁϴΝ ϥϴ϶ϼΝ ϾЂϸΝ ϬϴЃЊϴ,Ν ЂϵϴϿϴΝ ϗЄЂЋϼЊϹΝ ϼΝ ϘЇЁϴ϶ϴΝ ϾЂϸΝ ϥЀϹϸϹЄϹ϶ϴ).Ν
ϡϴЄϹϸϵЂЀΝЂΝϴЅϴЁϴЊϼЛϼΝІϹЄϹЁϴΝІϴϾ϶ϹΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝ,,ЈϴЌϼЅІϴ“ΝϼΝ,,ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝЁϹЃ-
ЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ“ΝЅЇΝϼΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝϸЂϵЄЂΝЃЄϼϾЄϼ϶ϹЁϹΝϼΝЀϴЅϾϼЄϴЁϹ.ΝϡϴΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴЀϴΝЅЇΝ
ϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝ ЁϼЊϴϿϴΝ ϼϷЄϴϿϼЌІϴ,Ν ЌϾЂϿϹ,Ν ЅІϴϸϼЂЁϼΝ ϼΝ ЃϴЄϾЂ϶ϼ,Ν ЃϴЄϾϼЄϴϿϼЌІϴ,Ν
ЅІϴЀϵϹЁϹΝϻϷЄϴϸϹ.ΝϥІЄϹМϴЁϴΝϿϼЊϴΝЅЇΝЋϹЅІЂΝЃϿϼІϾЂΝϻϴϾЂЃϴ϶ϴЁϴΝЇΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЄϹϸЂ϶ϴΝ
46
Νϔϥ,ΝϔЄЉϼ϶ΝϕϜϔ,ΝϣЄϹϷϿϹϸΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉ,ΝЃЄЂЌϿϼЉΝϾЄЂϻΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЂϸΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝ
ϸЂΝ20.Ν6.Ν1945ΝϷЂϸϼЁϹΝЁϴΝІϹЄϹЁЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹ;ΝϜϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛΝЂΝЇϵϼЛϴНЇΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴ,Ν1.Ν
47
Ν ϔϥ,Ν ϨЂЁϸΝ ϕϜϔ,Ν Ϝϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛΝ ЂΝ ЇϵϼЛϴНЇΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴ Ϣϛϡ-ϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁЇΝ 20.Ν ЛЇЁΝ
1945.Ν-ΝϖϼЌϹΝЂΝЂϵϿϼЊϼЀϴΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϹНϴΝЅЀЄІЁϹΝϾϴϻЁϹΝЇ:ΝύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν . .,Ν399–462;Νϥ.ΝϪ϶ϹІϾЂ-
϶ϼО,Ν ј ј ј ј 12. 1944,Ν
(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:ΝϜЁЅІϼІЇІΝϻϴΝЅϴ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЇΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЇ,Ν2011).ΝΝ
48
Ν„ϣЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ1945.ΝЃЄЂђЂЌϹΝІЄϼΝϸϴЁϴΝϴΝϸϴΝЁϼϾЂϷΝЁϹΝϼϻ϶ϹϸЂЌϹΝЁϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝЌІЂΝЅϹΝ
ϸЂІϿϹΝЁϼЛϹΝϸЂϷϴђϴϿЂ“,ΝϻϴЃϼЅϴЂΝЛϹΝЅ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼϾΝϥϴ϶ϴΝϕϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝϢϻЁϹΝЇΝϡϼЌЇ.Νϥϴ϶ϴΝ
ϕϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,ΝУ ј ,Ν(ϖЄЌϴЊ,Ν1991),Ν26.Ν
49
ΝϧΝϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄϼΝЅϹΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІΝЅІЄ.ΝЃЂ϶.ΝϵЄ.Ν345ΝЂϸΝ9.ΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ1945.ΝϠϴЄϾЂΝϟЂЃЇЌϼ-
Ёϴ,ΝУ ј њ ,ΝI,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:ΝϡϴЄЂϸЁϴΝϾНϼϷϴ,Ν1997),Ν58.ΝΝΝ
63Ν
ϼΝ ЃЄϼϾЄϼ϶ϴЁϴΝ ϾϴЀϹЁϼЀΝ ЃϿЂЋϴЀϴΝ (ЁЃЄ.Ν ϣЂІЂϾΝ ϛЀϼЛϴЁϴЊΝ ϾЂϸΝ ϕЂМϹ϶ЊϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ

ϗЇ϶ЁϼЌІϹΝϾЂϸΝϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊϴ)ΝϾϴϾЂΝϵϼΝЅϹΝЂЁϹЀЂϷЇОϼЂΝЃЄϼЅІЇЃΝϼΝϸϴΝϺϼ϶ЂІϼНϹΝ
ЄϴϻЁϹЅЇΝϾЂЅІϼ.ΝϞϴЂΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝІЂΝЅϿЇЋϴЛΝЅϴΝЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϼЀϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉ,ΝЀЂϷЇОϹΝЛϹΝϸϴΝ
ЛϹΝ ЁϹϷϸϹΝ ЇΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϴЀϴΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϴЂΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЛЂЌΝ Ї϶ϹϾΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϼΝ ϸϹІϴМϴЁΝ ϹϿϴϵЂЄϴІΝ ЅϴΝ
ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂЀΝ ЀϴЃЂЀΝ ϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϴΝ ІϴЛЁϼЉΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴΝ ϵЇϸЇОϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ІЂΝ ЅЀϴІЄϴЁЂΝ
ЁϹϾЂЀΝ϶ЄЅІЂЀΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝІϴЛЁϹ.50ΝΝ
ϧΝЃЂЋϹІϾЇ,ΝϸЂϾΝЅϹΝЅϼЅІϹЀΝЛЂЌΝЁϼЛϹΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶ϼЂ,ΝЃЂЁϹϷϸϹΝЅЇ,Ν
ϾϴЂΝ ЇΝ ϛϴЛϹЋϴЄЇ,Ν ϞЄϴϷЇЛϹ϶ЊЇ,Ν ϼΝ ЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϹΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ ЂϵϼϿϴϻϼϿϹΝ ϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϹ,Ν
ЂϸϴϾϿϹΝЅЇΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝЅϼϿЂЀΝЄϴЅІϹЄϼ϶ϴЁϹ.51ΝϡϴΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϼΝЇΝϾЄЇϷЇΝЈϴϵЄϼϾϹΝϨϼЛϴІΝ
ЇΝϞЄϴϷЇЛϹ϶ЊЇΝЈЂЄϹЁϻϼЋϴЄϼΝЅЇΝϸϹЊϹЀϵЄϴΝ2011.ΝϼЅЃЂϸΝЃϴЄϾϼЁϷϴΝЁϴЛЃЄϹΝЁϴϼЌ-
ϿϼΝЁϴΝϸЂΝЃЂϿϴΝϸЂϷЂЄϹϿϹΝЅ϶ϹОϹ,ΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝϸЂϾϴϻΝϸϴΝЅϹΝϻϴΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊЇΝϻЁϴϿЂΝϼΝϸϴΝЅЇΝ
ЇΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝ ЃЂІЂЀЊϼΝ ϸЂϿϴϻϼϿϼ.52Ν ϥϴЉЄϴЁϴΝ ЃЂЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ЂЅІϴІϴϾϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЄЂϸϵϼЁϼΝ
ϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝЅІЄЂϷЂΝϻϴϵЄϴНϹЁϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЅ϶ϴϾϼΝЃЄϼЅІЇЃΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϼΝϼΝЀϹЅІЇΝϹϷϻϹϾЇЊϼ-
ЛϹ.Ν ϢІϾЂЃϴ϶ϴНϹΝ ЃЂϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЇΝ ІϴЛЁϼЀΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴЀϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЅЀϴІЄϴЁЂΝ ЂϻϵϼМЁϼЀΝ
ϾЄϼ϶ϼЋЁϼЀΝ ϸϹϿЂЀ.Ν ϧϵЄϻЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϸΝ Ѕϴ϶ϹϻЁϼЉΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ ЄϹЃЇϵϿϼЋϾϼЀΝ ЂЄϷϴЁϼЀϴΝ
ЅІϼϷϿϴΝЁϴЄϹϸϵϴΝϵЄ.Ν1253ΝϠϧϣ-ϴΝϘϨύΝЂϸΝ18.ΝЀϴЛϴΝ1945:ΝЅ϶ϹΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝ„ЁϴЄЂ-
ϸЁϼЉΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴΝ ϼΝ ЈϴЌϼЅІϴ“Ν ЅЇΝ ЂϷϿϴЌϹЁϹΝ ІϴЛЁϼЀ,Ν ϵϼϿЂΝ ϼЉΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂІЄϹϵЁЂΝ
ЃЄϼϾЄϼІϼΝϼΝ „ЇϾϿЂЁϼІϼΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ІЄϴϷЂ϶Ϲ“Ν ЂΝНϼЉЂ϶ЂЀΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϴНЇΝϼΝЁϹΝ ϸЂϻ϶ЂϿϼІϼΝ
ЃЄϼЅІЇЃΝЄЂϸϵϼЁϹΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϴЀϴ.53Ν
ϡϴЅЇЃЄЂІΝϸЂΝЅϴϸϴΝЇ϶ЄϹϺϹЁЂЀΝЀϼЌМϹНЇΝЇΝЛϴ϶ЁЂЅІϼ,ΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀΝϼΝ
ЂϸϵϹϷϿϼЀΝ ϿϼЊϼЀϴΝ ЅϹΝ ϼЃϴϾΝ ϶ЂϸϼϿϴΝ ϸϹІϴМЁϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϴΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴЊϼЛϴ,Ν ЃϴΝ
ЂІЇϸΝЃЂЅІЂЛϹΝЅϴЋЇ϶ϴЁϼΝЀЁЂϷϼΝЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϼ,ΝϸЂЅϼЛϹϼΝϼΝЋϼІϴ϶ϹΝЇϾЂЄϼЋϹЁϹΝϾНϼϷϹΝ
ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝϼΝϴЁІϼЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝϹϿϹЀϹЁϴІϴ.ΝϢϵϼЋЁЂΝЅЇΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϹΝЁϴЛЃЄϹΝϹ϶ϼϸϹЁ-
ІϼЄϴϿϼΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϼΝЁϴЄЂϸЁЂЂЅϿЂϵЂϸϼϿϴЋϾϼΝЂϸϵЂЄϼΝϼϿϼΝЃЂϸЄЇЋЁϼΝЂЄϷϴЁϼΝϢϻЁϹΝ
ϴΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝЅЇΝЃЂϸϴІϾϹΝϸЂЅІϴ϶МϴϿϼΝЁϴϸЄϹђϹЁϼЀΝЂЄϷϴЁϼЀϴΝЅϿЇϺϵϹΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅ-
Іϼ.ΝϣЂЄϹϸΝϼЀϹЁϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЅІϴЛϴϿϴΝЛϹΝЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝЅϴЀЂΝЌІЇЄϴΝϾ϶ϴϿϼЈϼϾϴЊϼ-
Лϴ:Ν ϘϠΝ (ϣЂϾЄϹІΝ ϘЄϴϺϹΝ ϠϼЉϴϼϿЂ϶ϼОϴ),Ν ϥϘϥ,Ν ϛϕϢϤ,Ν ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМ,Ν
ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМΝϸϴЁϴЌНϼЊϹ,ΝЛϴІϴϾ,ΝϼϿϼΝЅϴЄϴϸЁϼϾ.ΝϛϴΝϺϹЁϹΝЛϹΝЃϼЅϴϿЂΝЋϹЅІЂΝЌЃϼ-
ЛЇЁϾϴ,ΝЛϴІϴϾ,ΝЃЄЂЅІϼІЇІϾϴ...ΝϕϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝϸϴΝЅϹΝϷЄϹЌϾЂЀΝЅІЄϹМϴΝϿϼЊϹΝЅϴΝ
ϼЅІϼЀΝϼЀϹЁЂЀΝϼΝЃЄϹϻϼЀϹЁЂЀΝϴΝЂЁϸϴΝЅϹΝЇΝϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛЇΝϾϴϺϹΝ„ЁϹЀϴΝ϶ϹϻϹ,ΝϼΝЂЁΝЛϹΝ
ϵϼЂΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМΝϸϴЁϴЌНϼЊϹ“.54ΝΝ
ϞϴЅЁϼЛϹ,ΝІЂϾЂЀΝ1946.ΝϴΝЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЅЇϾЂϵϴΝЅϴΝϜϕ-ЂЀΝ1948,ΝЂЄϷϴ-
ЁϼΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϸЂϵϼϿϼΝ ϻϴϸϴІϴϾΝ ϸϴΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϹΝ ϼΝ ϾНϼϷϹΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ ЅЄϹϸϹΝ ϼΝ
50
ΝϖϼЌϹΝЇ:ΝϪ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν ј ј ,Ν15–21.Ν
51
Νϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϘЂϵЄϼ϶ЂЛϴΝϦЂЀϼОϴΝϼϻΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,Νϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϣϹІЄϴΝύϹϿϹЁϾЂ϶ϼОϴΝϼϻΝϛϴϷЄϴђϴ.Ν
52
ΝϪ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν ј ј ,Ν15–21.Ν
53
ΝϕϼϿЂΝЛϹΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЃЂЁϹϾЂΝЂϸΝЄЂђϴϾϴΝЃЂΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЂϸϿЇЋϼЂΝЁϴΝЉЄϴϵϴЄΝЃЂІϹϻΝ,,ϼϿϹϷϴϿЁЂϷΝ
ϹϾЅЉЇЀϼЄϴНϴ“,ΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЇϻΝЃЄϹОЇІЁЇΝЃЂϸЄЌϾЇΝϼϻΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϹΝϢϻЁϹΝ(ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϼΝЇΝϖϿϴЅЂІϼЁЊЇ,Ν
ϛϴЛϹЋϴЄЇΝϼΝϸЄ.).ΝϔϘϛϦϗ,ΝϘϹЃϹЌϴΝϵЄ.Ν1259Νϥϴ϶ϹϻЁЂϷΝЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄЅІ϶ϴΝϻϴΝЇЁЇІЄϴЌНϹΝЃЂЅϿЂ϶ϹΝ
ЂϸΝ18.Ν5.Ν1945.ΝϼΝЃЂЁЂ϶МϹЁϴΝϸϹЃϹЌϴΝЅІЄ.ΝЃЂ϶ΝϵЄ.Ν63ΝЂϸΝ9.Νϴ϶ϷЇЅІϴΝ1946.ΝЂΝЇϾϿϴНϴНЇΝЈϴЌϼ-
ЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϴΝ-ΝϘЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴЄЁϼΝЀϴІϹЄϼЛϴϿΝЅϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЋϾϹΝϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝϻϴΝЄЛϹЌϴ϶ϴНϹΝЃϼІϴНϴΝ
ЃЄϼϾЄϼ϶ϹЁϼЉΝ ϷЄЂϵϼЌІϴΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЁϴЀΝ ЛϹΝ ЇЅІЇЃϼЂΝ ЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾΝ ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄΝ ЃЄЂЈ.Ν ϸЄΝ
ϠϼІЛϴΝϨϹЄϹЁЊΝ25.Ν6.Ν2009;ΝϛϴϾЂЁΝЂΝЅϴЉЄϴНϼ϶ϴНЇΝϼΝϷЄЂϵМϼЀϴΝϤϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϹΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ,Ν -
,ΝϵЄ.Ν53/93,Ν48/94,Ν101/2005.ΝΝ
54
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝЈ.Ν154,ΝϥЃϼЅϴϾΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝϴЁІϼЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝϹϿϹЀϹЁϴІϴ,Ν9.Ν
64Ν
ϸЂЅІϴ϶ϹΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϹΝ ϶ϼЌϼЀΝ ϼЁЅІϴЁЊϴЀϴ.55Ν ϧΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ ЛϹ,Ν ϻϴΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹΝ ϖЂЛЁϹΝ

ЇЃЄϴ϶Ϲ,Ν ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЇІ϶Єђϼ϶ϴНϹΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴΝ ЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴΝ ϼΝ НϼЉЂ϶ϼЉΝ ЃЂЀϴϷϴЋϴΝ
ϸЂЁϹϿϴΝ ЁϴЄϹϸϵЇΝ ϾЂЛϴΝ ЁЂЅϼΝ ЂϻЁϴϾЇΝ „ЅІЄЂϷЂΝ ЃЂ϶ϹЄМϼ϶ЂΝ ϵЄ.Ν 54/45“Ν ЇΝ ϾЂЛЂЛΝ ЅϹΝ
ІЄϴϺϼΝ ЂϸΝ Ѕ϶ϴϾЂϷΝ ЀϹЅЁЂϷΝ ЃЂ϶ϹЄϹЁϼЌІ϶ϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЁϴЋϼЁϼΝ ЅЃϼЅϴϾΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ
ЂЅЂϵϴΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ϷϴΝ ϸЂЅІϴ϶ϼΝ ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϼ.Ν ϦЂΝ ЃЂЁϹϷϸϹΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ ϵϼЂΝ ϿϴϾΝ ЃЂЅϴЂΝ ЛϹЄΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ
϶ЂђϹЁϼΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼΝЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϼΝЃϴΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЂЃЂЀϹЁϴ.ΝϧΝЃЄЂЁϴђϹЁϼЀΝϾНϼ-
ϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ(ЛЇϷΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ,ΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϴ)ΝЁϴϿϴϻϹΝЅϹΝϼЀϹЁϴΝЁϴΝЉϼМϴϸϹΝϿϼЊϴΝϿϼϾ-
϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ЀϴЉЂЀΝ ЂϸΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝ 1944.Ν ϸЂΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾϴΝ 1945.Ν ϥЃϹЊϼЈϼЋЁЂЅІΝ
њ ΝЛϹΝЇΝІЂЀϹΝϸϴΝЇΝНЂЛΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЃϼЌϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϢϻЁϴΝЂϸϿЇЋϼ϶ϴϿϴΝ
ЂΝϺϼ϶ЂІЇΝϼΝЅЀЄІϼ,ΝϴΝЁϹΝ϶ЂЛЁϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼ,ΝЌІЂΝЛОΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁЂΝϼΝІϴϸϴЌНϼЀΝЃЂϻϼІϼ-
϶ЁϼЀΝЃЄЂЃϼЅϼЀϴ.56Ν
а а а а а. ϥϴЀЂΝϻϴΝЃЂϻЁϴІϼ-
ЛϹΝϼΝϼЀЇОЁϼЛϹΝϷЄϴђϴЁϹΝЅЇΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝЂϸΝ1945.ΝϸЂΝ1948.ΝЋϹЅІЂΝЇΝЅ϶ЄЉЇΝϿϹϷϴϿϼϻϴ-
ЊϼЛϹΝ ϹϷϻϹϾЇЊϼЛϴ,Ν ϾЂЁЈϼЅϾϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿϼϻϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹΝ ϼϻЄϴђϼ϶ϴЁϹΝ
ЃЄϹЅЇϸϹΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЋϹЌОϹΝ ЄϹЌϹНϴΝ ЂΝ ϾЂЁЈϼЅϾϴЊϼЛϼΝ ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹΝ (ЇΝ ϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЋϹЅІЂΝ
ЃЂϻϼ϶ϴΝ ЁϴΝ ЁϹЃЂЅІЂЛϹОЇΝ ЃЄϹЅЇϸЇΝ ϼΝ ЇЃϼЅЁϼϾΝ ЁϹϾЂϷΝ ϶ЂЛЁЂϷΝ ЅЇϸϴ!)Ν ϦϴϾЂΝ ЇΝ ЛϹϸ-
ЁЂЀΝϸЂЃϼЅЇΝϢϻЁϹΝϼϻΝЛϴЁЇϴЄϴΝ1945.ΝЅІЂЛϼ:Ν,,ϛϴΝЛϹϸϴЁΝϸϹЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝϻϴІ-
ЄϴϺϹЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϸΝ ЁϴЌϼЉΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ϼϻЄϴϸϹΝ ЃЄϹЅЇϸϹΝ ЇΝ Ѕ϶ЄЉЇΝ ЂϵЛϴ϶Мϼ϶ϴНϴ“,Ν
ЌІЂΝЛϹΝϼΝЇЋϼНϹЁЂ,ΝϸЂϾΝЅϹΝЇΝϸЄЇϷЂЀΝϾϴϺϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЂϸΝ102Ν„϶ϹОϼЁϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϴΝ
ϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴ“.57ΝϫϹЅІΝЛϹΝЅϿЇЋϴЛΝϸϴΝЛϹΝІϴЛЁϴΝЅϿЇϺϵϴΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀΝϿϼЊϼЀϴΝЌϼЄϼϿϴΝ
ϿϴϺϼΝϾϴϾЂΝϵϼΝЅϹΝЇϵϿϴϺϼЂΝϹЈϹϾϴІΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЉΝЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝϼΝϾЂϸΝЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϴΝЃЂϸ-
ϷЄϹЛϴϿϴΝϿϴϺЁϴΝЁϴϸϴ:Ν,,ϢІϼЌϴЂΝЇΝϤЇЅϼЛЇ“,Ν,,ύϴ϶ϼЂΝЅϹΝϼϻΝϖЂЄЂЌϼϿЂ϶ϴ“,Ν,,ϡϴϿϴϻϼΝ
ЅϹΝЇΝϕЂЄЅϾЂЀΝϤЇϸЁϼϾЇ“,Ν,,ύϴ϶ϼЂΝЅϹΝϼϻΝϦЄЅІϴ“,Ν,,ЇΝϿЂϷЂЄЇΝЛϹΝЇΝϥϼϵϼЄЇ“ΝϼІϸ.58Ν
ϣЂЄЂϸϼЊϹΝ„ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ“ΝϵϼϿϹΝЅЇΝϸЇϷЂΝϺϼϷЂЅϴЁϹΝЂϸΝЁЂ϶ϼЉΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝ
ϼΝЁϴΝЄϹЃЇΝϻϴΝЀϴІϹЄϼЛϴϿЁϴΝЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴНϴΝϼΝЂЅІϴϿϹΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϹΝЃЄϼЁϴϸϿϹϺЁЂЅІϼ.Ν
ϜЀЂ϶ϼЁϴΝϼЀΝЛϹΝϾЂЁЈϼЅϾЂ϶ϴЁϴΝϼΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼΝЅЇΝЁϴΝЃЄϹϺϼ϶Мϴ϶ϴНϹΝϼΝЅЁϴϿϴϺϹНϹ.Ν
ϥЇϸϵϼЁϴΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϹΝЅϹΝϸЇϷЂΝЁϼЛϹΝЅЀϹϿϴΝЁϼΝЇΝϾЄЇϷЇΝЅϴЀϹΝ
ЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϹΝ ЃЄϹЃЄϼЋϴ϶ϴІϼΝ ϾϴϾЂΝ ϵϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϸϹЊϴΝ ϻϴЌІϼІϼϿϴ.Ν ϧΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝ ІЂϾЂЀΝ
1948.Ν ϼΝ 1949.Ν ϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϼЀϹЄϴΝ ЃЄϼЁЇϸЁЂϷΝ ЄϴЅϹМϴ϶ϴНϴΝ ЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϴΝ ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝ
55
ΝϢЃЇЁЂЀЂОϹЁϼϾΝϧϸϵϹΝϻϴΝЅЄϹϻΝЃЂЅϴ϶ЂІϴЀЁϴ϶ЅϾϼΝϠϼϿЇІϼЁΝϣЂЃЂ϶ϼОΝЅϹΝЃЂϻϼ϶ϴΝЁϴΝϧЃЇІЅІ϶ЂΝ
ЅІ.ΝЃЂ϶.Ν1439/1948.ΝϾЂЛϼЀΝЅϹΝІЄϴϺϼΝЂϸΝ϶ЄЉϴΝϢϻЁϹΝϸϴΝЅϹΝϸЂЅІϴ϶ϹΝЅЄϹђϹЁϼΝϼΝЃЂЃЇНϹЁϼΝϾϴЄІЂ-
ЁϼΝϻϴΝϿϼЊϴΝϾЂЛϴΝЅЇΝЂϸΝ1941.ΝϸЂΝ1948.ΝЂЅЇђϹЁϴΝϼϿϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϴ.ΝϟЇϾϴΝϘЄϴϷЂЛϿЂ϶ϼО,ΝЂЃЇЁЂЀЂ-
ОϹЁϼϾΝ ЅЄϹϻϴΝ ЄϴЋϴЁЅϾЂϷΝ ϻϴΝ ϕϴЛϼЁЇΝ ϕϴЌІЇ,Ν ЃЂϻϼ϶ϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴΝ ϧЃЇІЅІ϶ЂΝ ϵЄ.Ν 1851Ν ЂϸΝ 9.Ν 11.Ν 1948.Ν
ϸЂϾΝЂЃЇЁЂЀЂОЅІ϶ЂΝЅЄϹϻϴΝМЇϵϼОϾЂϷΝІϴϾЂђϹΝϼЀϴΝϼЅІϹΝϻϴЉІϹ϶ϹΝЃЄϹЀϴΝϠϡϢΝϤЂЌЊϼΝϼІϸ.Νϔϥ,Ν
ϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝЈϴЅЊ.Ν140,ΝϛϵϼЄϾϴΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁϴІϴΝЂΝϴϾІϼ϶ЁЂЅІϼЀϴΝЋϹІЁϼϾϴ,Ν16ΝЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϴΝЋϹІЁϼϾϴΝ
ϘϠΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼΝ ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇ;Ν ϠϹђЇЂЃЌІϼЁЅϾϼΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶Ν ϫϴЋϴϾΝ
(ϠϜϔϫ),ΝϡϢϢΝϤЂЌЊϼ,ΝϞ-1,ΝЄϹϷ.ΝϵЄ.Ν1134Е46.Ν
56
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,ΝϨ.Ν53,ΝϞНϼϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ-ΝЛЇϷΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ;ΝϚЇϺϴЁϴΝϠϹϻϹϼ,Ν„ϘЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼΝϴЄЉϼ϶ϴΝ
ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝ ЂΝ ϴІЄЂЊϼІϹІЇΝ ЇΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼ“,Ν k 1–2/2011,Ν 133. ϥϴЀЂΝ ЛϹϸЁϴΝ ЂϸΝ њ
ΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸЁϼΝЅϴϸЄϺϼΝϼЀϹЁϴΝ1.006ΝϠϴђϴЄϴ,Ν468ΝϩЄ϶ϴІϴ,Ν211ΝϥЄϵϴΝϼΝ65ΝЂЅІϴϿϼЉ.Ν
57
Ν Partizanska i komunistička represija i zločini u Hrvatskoj 1944–1946, Dokumenti,Ν prТrОНТШΝ
VХКНТЦТrΝGОТРОr,Ν(ГКРrОЛ:ΝHrvКtsФТΝТЧstТtutΝгКΝpШvТУОst,Ν2006),Ν55.ΝТΝ57.Ν
58
Ν ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝ ϕЄϴЁϼЅϿϴ϶ϹΝ ϣЄϺϼОΝ ϼϻΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,Ν ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝ ϘЇЌϴЁϾϹΝ ϬІϹЄϼОΝ ϼϻΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,Ν
ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϘЂϵЄϼ϶ЂЛϴΝϦЂЀϼОϴΝϼϻΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,Νϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϖϼЌϹЅϿϴ϶ϴΝϞЂЅІϼОϴΝϼϻΝϟϹЅϾЂ϶Њϴ,Ν
ϥ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϹΝϥϿЂϵЂϸϴЁϴΝЂЇЄϼОϴΝϼϻΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ.Ν
65Ν
ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ,ΝϾЂЛϹΝЛϹ,ΝϸЂϸЇЌϹ,ΝЇϵЄϻЂΝЂϵЇЅІϴ϶МϹЁЂ.59ΝϢЅЇЀНϼЋϹЁϼΝϾϴЂΝЛϴІϴЊϼ,Ν
ЂЁϼΝϾЂЛϼΝЅϹΝЁϼЅЇΝЃЄϹϸϴϿϼΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЀΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼЀϴΝЋϹЅІЂΝЅЇΝϸЂЃϴϸϴϿϼΝϻϴІ϶Ђ-
Єϴ,ΝϴΝЇΝЀЁЂϷϼЀΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϼЀϴΝЅЇΝЇЊϹНϼ϶ϴЁϼΝϼΝІϴЛΝϷЄϹЉΝЃϿϴОϴϿϼΝϼΝϺϼ϶ЂІЂЀ.60ΝΝ
,, в ч а“ ?
Ν
ϘЇϷЂΝЅϹΝЇΝЁϴЇЋЁЂЛΝϼΝЌϼЄЂЛΝЛϴ϶ЁЂЅІϼΝЅЃϹϾЇϿϼЅϴϿЂΝЂΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝ
ЇΝΝЃЂЅϿϹЄϴІЁϼЀΝЋϼЅІϾϴЀϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЁϴΝ϶ϴЁЅЇϸЅϾϼΝϼϿϼΝЅЇϸЅϾϼΝЁϴЋϼЁ.ΝϜΝЅІЄϴ-
ЁϼΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴЋϼΝ ϼϻЁЂЅϼϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϾЂЁІЄЂ϶ϹЄϻЁϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ЂΝ ϵЄЂЛЇΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ
,,ϸϼ϶МϹϷΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϴ“Ν ЇΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ.Ν ϗЄЂЈΝ ϡϼϾЂϿϴЛΝ ϦЂϿЅІЂЛΝ ЛϹ,Ν ЁϴΝ ЃЄϼЀϹЄ,Ν
Ёϴ϶ЂϸϼЂΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЂϸΝ ЁϹ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁϼЉΝ 350.000Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ІЂϾЂЀΝ 1944–1945.ΝЇΝ
ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ.ΝϠϴЛϾϿΝϟϼϻ,ΝϵЄϼІϴЁЅϾϼΝϼЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄΝЁϴϾϿЂНϹЁΝЃЂϾЄϹІЇΝϘЄϴϷЂМЇ-
ϵϴΝ ϠϼЉϴϼϿЂ϶ϼОϴ,Ν ЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝ ЂϾЂΝ 250.000Ν ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЇΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ЂϾЂΝ
100.000ΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ.ΝϘЄΝώЇϵЂΝϥϼЄЊ,ΝЃЄЂЈϹЅЂЄΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝϹϾЂЁЂЀϼЛϹΝЁϴΝϗϿϴϻ-
ϷЂ϶ЅϾЂЀΝ ЇЁϼ϶ϹЄϻϼІϹІЇΝ ϼΝ ϸϼЄϹϾІЂЄΝ ϪϹЁІЄϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЃЄЂЇЋϴ϶ϴНϹΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝ
ϹϾЂЁЂЀϼЛϴ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝϼΝЅϴЀΝϵϼЂΝЇΝЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁϼЀϴ,ΝЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝϺЄІ϶ϹΝІЂϾЂЀΝ1944.Ν
ϼΝ1945.ΝЋϴϾΝЁϴΝ300.000ΝϿϼЊϴ.ΝϛϴΝЄϴϻϿϼϾЇΝЂϸΝНϼЉΝϠϴЄϾΝϖϼϿϹЄΝϼϻЁЂЅϼΝЀЁЂϷЂΝ
ЇЀϹЄϹЁϼЛЇΝЃЄЂЊϹЁЇΝЂϸΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝ40.000ΝЇΝЊϹϿЂЛΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ,ΝϴΝϨϼЊЄЂЛΝϠϴϾϿϹЛЁΝ
ЇΝЅ϶ЂЛϼЀΝЀϹЀЂϴЄϼЀϴΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝІϹϾΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ2.000ΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇ.61ΝΝ
ϟϼЊϼІϴЊϼЛϴΝ ϵЄЂЛϹ϶ϼЀϴΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЇЀЁЂϷЂЀϹΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ЂϸЄϹђϹЁϴΝ
ЅЇЃЄЂІЅІϴ϶МϹЁϼЀΝ ϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϼЀΝ ЃЂϷϿϹϸϼЀϴΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴЋϴ,Ν ϵЇϸЇОϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ
ЄϴϸϼϿЂΝЂΝІϹЀϼΝЅϴΝЛЂЌΝЇ϶ϹϾΝЛϴϾϼЀΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЀΝЁϴϵЂЛϹЀ,Ν϶ϹϿϼϾЂЀΝϵЄЂЛЇΝϺЄІϴ-
϶ϴΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ ІЂΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹΝ ІϹЌϾЂΝ ЃЄЂ϶ϹЄМϼ϶ϼЀΝ Ёϴ϶ЂϸϼЀϴΝ ϻϵЂϷΝ ЁϹϸЂЅІЇЃЁЂЅІϼΝ ЄϹϿϹ-
϶ϴЁІЁϼЉΝЃЂϿϼЊϼЛЅϾЂ-ϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅЁϼЉΝϼϻ϶ЂЄϴ.ΝϢϾЂΝϵЄЂЛϴΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЋϹЅІЂΝЅϹΝЅЃϹ-
ϾЇϿϼЅϴϿЂΝ ЇΝ Лϴ϶ЁЂЅІϼ,Ν ϴΝ ϻϴ϶ϼЅЁЂΝ ЂϸΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝ ЃЄϼϻЀϹΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϼϿϼΝ
ЃЄϹЇ϶ϹϿϼЋϴ϶ϴЁΝϼϿϼΝЇЀϴНϼ϶ϴЁΝϼϿϼΝЋϴϾΝϼΝЁϹϷϼЄϴЁ.ΝϠЂϺϸϴΝЛϹΝЁϴЛЃЄϼϵϿϼϺЁϼ-
ЛЇΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁЇ,Ν ЇΝ Ѕ϶ϹІϿЇΝ ЁϴЛЁЂ϶ϼЛϼЉΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼЉΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴ,Ν ϸϴЂΝ Ќ϶ϴЛЊϴЄЅϾϼΝ
ϼЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄΝϠϼЉϴϹϿΝϣЂЄІЀϴЁ,ΝϾЂЁЅЇϿІЇЛЇОϼΝЀЁЂϷЂϵЄЂЛЁϹΝϼΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϹΝϼϻ϶ЂЄϹΝ
ϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹ.Ν ϢЁΝ ϻϴϾМЇЋЇЛϹΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϴЛЃЄϼϵϿϼϺЁϼЛϼΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЇΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋ-
ϾϼЀΝ ЂϵЄϴЋЇЁϼЀϴΝ 1944–1950.Ν ЂϾЂΝ 180.000Ν ЇΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ,Ν ЂϸΝ ЋϹϷϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ
ϵϿϼϻЇΝ75.000ΝϼΝІЂΝϥЄϵϴΝЂϾЂΝ20.000Ν(10.000ΝЅϴЀЂΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇ),ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝ50.000Ν
ЁϹЀϴЋϾϼЉΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ(϶ϹОϼЀΝϸϹϿЂЀΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴ)ΝϼΝЂϾЂΝ5.000ΝЀϴђϴЄ-
59
Ν ύϹϸϴЁΝ ЂϸΝ ЃϴЄΝ ЅІЂІϼЁϴΝ ЅϿϴЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝ ЃЄЂϷЁϴЁϼЉΝ ,,ϵЇЄϺЇЛϴ“Ν ϼϻΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛΝ ЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϹΝ
ЅІЄϹМϴЁЂϷΝЃЄЂЈϹЅЂЄϴΝϣЄϴ϶ЁЂϷΝЈϴϾЇϿІϹІϴΝϜϿϼЛϹΝϣЄϺϼОϴ.ΝϢ϶ϴЛΝЃЄЂЊϹЅΝЛϹΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЃЄϼЀϹІϴЁΝЇΝ
ϕЇϷϴЄЅϾЂЛΝϼΝЁϴЄϴ϶ЁЂΝЇΝЃЄ϶ЂЛΝϻϹЀМϼΝЅЂЊϼЛϴϿϼϻЀϴΝ–ΝϥϥϥϤ-Ї.ΝϖϼЌϹΝЂΝЃЄЂϷЂЁϼЀϴΝϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾϼЉΝ
ЃЂЄЂϸϼЊϴΝ Ї:Ν ϡϴІϴЌϴΝ ϠϼϿϼОϹ϶ϼО,Ν Ј ђ ,Ν (ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:Ν
ϜЁЅІϼІЇІΝϻϴΝЁЂ϶ϼЛЇΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЇ,Ν2009).Ν
60
ΝϣЄϼЀϹЄϴΝЇЊϹЁϹΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝϾϴЂΝЛϴІϴϾϴΝϼΝϵϿϼϺϼЉΝЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝЈϴЀϼϿϼЛϹΝЛϹΝЀЁЂϷЂΝЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝЇΝ
ЄЇϵЁϼЀΝ ЃϴϿЁϼЁЅϾϼЀΝ ЂϵϿϴЅІϼЀϴΝ (ϥІϴЄϴΝ ϣϿϴЁϼЁϴ,Ν ϞЂЃϴЂЁϼϾ,Ν ϤЇϸЁϼϾ).Ν ϔϥ,Ν ϨЂЁϸΝ ϕϜϔ,Ν
ϢЃϹЄϴЊϼЛϴΝЉ϶ϴІϴНϴΝϘЇЌϴЁϴΝϣϹІЄЂ϶ϼОϴΝϕЂЄЂЌϴ.Ν
61
Ν NТФШХКУΝ TШХstШУ,Ν Ministar i masakri,Ν (LШЧНШЧ,Ν 1991);Ν MϴУФХΝ LТг,Ν Silovanje Srbije,Ν (BОШРrКН:Ν
BIGГ,Ν1994),Ν334;ΝMКrФΝVТХОr,Ν,,ВuРШsХКvΝЦКttОrsΝtШΝtСОΝАОst“,ΝThe Daily Telegraph, LШЧНШЧ,Ν
MКrМСΝ9,Ν1991.Ν
66Ν
ЅϾϼЉΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴ.ΝϦЇΝϸЂϸϴЛϹΝϼΝϵϿϼϻЇΝ3.000ΝϿϹϷϴϿЁЂΝЃЂϷЇϵМϹЁϼЉ.62ΝϢ϶ϴΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϴΝ
ЇϻΝЁОЌІЂΝЀϴϿЂΝЃЄϹЊϹНϹЁΝϵЄЂЛΝЈЂϿϾЅϸЂЛЋϹЄϴ,ΝϴΝЃЂІЊϹНϹЁΝϵЄЂЛΝϥЄϵϴΝϼΝЂЅІϴ-
ϿϼЉΝϸЂЁϹϾϿϹΝЛϹΝЃЂІ϶ЄђϹЁϴΝЁϴЛЁЂ϶ϼЛϼЀΝϴЄЉϼ϶ЅϾϼЀΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϼЀϴ.ΝΝ
ϢΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝϡϹЀϴЊϴΝЈЂϾЅϸЂЛЋϹЄϴΝϼΝϠϴђϴЄϴΝЇΝЄϹІЂЄϻϼЛϼΝ1944–
1945.ΝЅЇΝЅϹΝІϴϾЂђϹΝЀЂϷϿϹΝ ЋЇІϼΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϹ.ΝϟЂϷЂЄϼЅϴЁЂΝЛϹΝϼϿϼΝϼϻϷ-
ЁϴЁЂΝЃЂϸΝЂЃІЇϺϵЂЀΝϻϴΝϾЂϿϹϾІϼ϶ЁЇΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇΝϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝЊϹϿЂϾЇЃЁЂΝЁϹЀϴЋ-
ϾЂΝЊϼ϶ϼϿЁЂΝϸЂЀϼЊϼϿЁЂΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ЂΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝϸϹЂΝϠϴђϴЄϴ. ϞЄЂϻΝ
ЂϾЂΝ 75Ν ϿЂϷЂЄϴΝ ЇΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ (ϼϴϾЂΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ Ѕ϶ϼΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁϼΝ ЇΝ ϼЅІЂΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹ)Ν
ЃЄЂЌϿЂΝЛϹΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ150.000ΝϿϼЊϴ.ΝϧΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝЛϹΝϻϵЂϷΝІϹЌϾϼЉΝЇЅϿЂ϶ϴΝ(ϷϿϴϸ,Ν
ϵЂϿϹЅІ,ΝЁϹϿϹЋϹНϹ,ΝЉϼϷϼЛϹЁϴ)ΝϵϼϿϴΝϼϻЇϻϹІЁЂΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϴΝЅІЂЃϴΝЅЀЄІЁЂЅІϼ,ΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ
20Σ. ϡϹϾϼΝ ЁϹЀϴЋϾϼΝ ϼϻ϶ЂЄϼΝ ϵϿϼЅϾϼΝ ЇϸЄЇϺϹНϼЀϴΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЇΝ
ЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝ ЂΝ ЋϴϾΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 100.000Ν ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝ ЈЂϿϾЅϸЂЛЋϹЄϴΝ 1944–1948,Ν ЌІЂΝ
ЁϼϾϴϸΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ ЃЂІϾЄϹЃМϹЁЂΝ ϼϻ϶ЂЄϼЀϴ.Ν ϣЄϹЀϴΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴΝ ЇϸЄЇϺϹНϴΝ ЁϹЅІϴϿϼЉ,Ν
ЁЂ϶ϼЛϴΝ ЇІϹЀϹМϹЁϼЛϴΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝ ЂΝ 8.049Ν ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉ,Ν ЁϹЅІϴϿϼЉΝ ϼΝ
ЅϴЀЂЇϵϼЊϴΝЃЄϹΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЅϴНϴΝϼΝ47.654ΝЇЀЄϿϴΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝЁϹЃЂІЃЇЁϼЀΝ
ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϼЀϴΝϔЁϾϹІЁЂϷΝЂϸϵЂЄϴΝϥϾЇЃЌІϼЁϹΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝЃЂЃϼЅϴЁЂΝЛϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝ
ЂϾЂΝ 21.000Ν ϶ЂЛ϶ЂђϴЁЅϾϼЉΝ ϡϹЀϴЊϴ.Ν ϦϴЋϴЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ϿЂϷЂЄϼЅϴЁϼЉΝ ϼΝ ЇЀЄϿϼЉΝ ЛϹΝ
62
Ν ϜЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄΝ ϖϹЅϹϿϼЁΝ ЂЇЄϹІϼОΝ ϼϻЁЂЅϼЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ,,ЊЄ϶ϹЁЂϷΝ ІϹЄЂЄϴ“Ν ЁϴΝ ЃЄϹϾЂΝ
100.000.ΝϡϴЛЅ϶ϹЂϵЇЉ϶ϴІЁϼЛϹΝЃЇϵϿϼЊϼЅІϼЋϾЂΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϹΝЂΝЂ϶ЂЛΝІϹЀϼ,ΝЅϴΝЅІЂІϼЁϴЀϴΝϴЁϾϹ-
ІϼЄϴЁϼЉΝϴϾІϹЄϴ,ΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝϼΝЅ϶ϹϸЂϾϴΝЌϼЄЂЀΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ,ΝЅЃЄЂ϶ϹЂΝЛϹΝЃЄЂЋϹІЁϼЋϾϼΝЋϴЅЂЃϼЅΝ -
Ν1991.ΝϧϾЇЃϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЃЄЂЊϹНϹЁΝЛϹΝЁϴΝ150.000ΝЅϴЀЂΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ,ΝϴΝϸϴІϴΝЛϹΝϼΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϴΝ
ЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝІϹЌϾЂΝЃЄЂ϶ϹЄМϼ϶ϼЉΝϼΝЁϹΝЇ϶ϹϾΝЃЂЇϻϸϴЁϼЉΝЅ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϴΝϻϴΝЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϹΝϷЄϴϸЂ϶Ϲ.ΝϞЂЁ-
ІЄЂ϶ϹЄϻЁϼΝЃЇϵϿϼЊϼЅІϴ,ΝϵϿϼϻϴϾΝЂϵϴ϶ϹЌІϴЛЁϼЀΝЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϴЀϴ,ΝϠ.ΝϟЂЃЇЌϼЁϴΝЇΝϾНϼϻϼΝЂΝϢϻЁϼΝ
У ј њ ΝЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝϵЄЂЛΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝЂϸΝϢϻЁϹΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЁϴΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ50.000.Νϥ.Ν
ϠϼЄϾЂ϶ϼО,ΝЛϹϸϴЁΝЂϸΝϴϾІϹЄϴΝϼΝϵϼ϶ЌϼΝ϶ϼЅЂϾϼΝЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϹЄΝ϶ЂЛЅϾϹ,ΝЇЋϹЅІ϶ЇЛЇОϼΝЇΝϸϼЅϾЇЅϼЛϼΝ
ЁϴΝЂ϶ЇΝІϹЀЇΝЇΝϦϖΝϹЀϼЅϼЛϼ,ΝϾϴϺϹΝϸϴΝϵЄЂЛΝЁϼЛϹΝ϶ϹОϼΝЂϸΝ10.000ΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЄϴϸϼΝЇϷϿϴ϶-
ЁЂЀΝ ЂΝ МЇϸϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ „ЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄЁϼΝ ϻϴΝ ЄϴІЁϹΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝ ϼΝ ϼϻϸϴЛЁϼЊϼЀϴ“,ΝЇϻΝ ІЂ,Ν϶ЂђϹЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂΝ
НϹЀЇΝ ϼΝ 2.000–3.000Ν ЅЇϸЅϾϼЉΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅϴ.Ν ϜЅІЂЄϼЋϴЄΝ ϗШЄϴЁΝ Ϙϴ϶ϼϸЂ϶ϼОΝ ϼϻΝ ϫϴЋϾϴΝ ЂϵЛϴ϶ϼЂΝ ЛϹΝ
6.667ΝϼЀϹЁϴΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝϿϼЊϴΝЇΝϫϴЋϾЇΝϼΝЂϾЂϿϼЁϼΝ1941–1958,ΝЂϸΝІЂϷϴΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ2.300ΝЃЂЅϿϹΝ
ЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝϠ.ΝϦЄϹЌНϼО,Ν϶ϼЅЂϾϼΝЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϹЄΝϢϻЁϹΝϼΝЁϴЋϹϿЁϼϾΝ12.ΝϾ϶ϴЄІϴΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇ,Ν
ЇЋϹЅЁϼϾΝ ЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϼΝ ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ,Ν ϻϴΝ ЋϴЅЂЃϼЅΝ І϶ЄϸϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹ,Ν ЃЂΝ НϹϷЂ϶ЂЛΝ
ЃЄЂЊϹЁϼ,Ν ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϼЅϾЇЅІ϶ϴΝ ϼϻΝ НϹϷЂ϶ЂϷΝ Ͼ϶ϴЄІϴΝ (ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝ ЃЄϹϾЂΝ 800),Ν ϵЄЂЛΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ
,,ϸϼ϶МϹϷΝЋϼЌОϹНϴ“ΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝЅ϶ϴϾϴϾЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЉϼМϴϸϴ,ΝϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЁϹΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ30.000.ΝϕϿϼϻЇΝ
Ђ϶ϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϼΝ ϾϴϿϾЇϿϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϸϹЀЂϷЄϴЈϴΝ ϖϿϴϸϼЀϼЄϴΝ ϚϹЄЛϴ϶ϼОϴΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝ ЇϾЇЃЁϹΝ
ЄϴІЁϹΝ ϺЄІ϶ϹΝ ЁϹЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϼЉΝ ЅЁϴϷϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 69.000Ν (ЇϺЂЛΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЁϴΝ 33.000,Ν ЁϴΝ
ϞЂЅЂ϶ЇΝ 9.000Ν ϼΝ ЇΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ 27.000).Ν ϣЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ ϕϴІϴΝ ϦЂЀϴЌϹ϶ϼОΝ
ЃЄЂЊϹНϼ϶ϴЂΝЛϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝЁϹЌІЂΝЀϴНϹΝЂϸΝ7.000ΝϿϼЊϴ.ΝϧΝЀЂЁЂϷЄϴЈϼЛϼΝЂΝ
ЅЀЄІЁЂЛΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ Ϝ϶ϴЁΝ ύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОΝ ЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЅЇϸЅϾϼΝ ϼϻЄϹЋϹЁϼЉΝ ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ ЇΝ
ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ІЂϾЂЀΝ 1944.Ν ϼΝ 1945.Ν ЁϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 5.000.Ν „ϣϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϼΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ 1944–
1945“,Ν ,Ν ϵЄ.Ν 2,Ν 1991;Ν ϟЂЃЇЌϼЁϴ, .Ν .,Ν 119,Ν 126;Ν ϜϻЛϴ϶ϴΝ ϥІϹ϶ϴЁϴΝ ϠϼЄϾЂ϶ϼОϴ,Ν ϦϖΝ
ϹЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ У ,Ν ϥІЇϸϼЂΝ ϕ,Ν 21.Ν ЛϴЁЇϴЄΝ 2003;Ν ,,ϨϴЁІЂЀЅϾϹΝ ЊϼЈЄϹ“,Ν ,Ν 2.Ν
ЅϹЃІϹЀϵϴЄΝ 2003;Ν ϗЂЄϴЁΝ Ϙϴ϶ϼϸЂ϶ϼО,Ν њ III,Ν (ϫϴЋϴϾ:Ν ϠϹђЇЂЃЌІϼЁЅϾϼΝ
ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶Ν ϫϴЋϴϾ,Ν 2004),Ν 462; ,Ν ЅЃϹЊϼЛϴϿЁЂΝ ϼϻϸϴНϹ,Ν ϵЄ.Ν 1,Ν 2004;Ν Ϝϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛΝ
ϔЁϾϹІЁЂϷΝЂϸϵЂЄϴΝϥϾЇЃЌІϼЁϹΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝϻϴΝЇІ϶Єђϼ϶ϴНϹΝϼЅІϼЁϹΝЂΝЅІЄϴϸϴНЇΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ϴΝ
1941–1948,Ν(ϡЂ϶ϼΝϥϴϸ,Ν2005);Ν,,ϜЁІϹЄ϶ЛЇΝϠ.ΝϦЄϹЌНϼОϴΝ–ΝϢЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϹΝϘϹϸϼНϴ“,Ν ,ΝϵЄ.Ν
8,Ν 1999;Ν Ϝ϶ϴЁΝ ύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν ,Ν (ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν 1983),Ν 195;Ν M.Ν ЈШrtЦКЧ,Ν
,,CШЦЦuЧТstΝ rОtКХТКtТШЧΝ КЧНΝ pОrsОМutТШЧ“,Ν Tokovi istorije,Ν 1–2/2004,Ν 74;Ν VХКНТЦТrΝ ŽОrУКvТΕ,Ν
,,DОЦШРrКПsФТΝТΝrКtЧТΝРuЛТМТΝHrvКtsФОΝuΝIIΝsvОtsФШЦΝrКtuΝТΝpШrКΕu“,ΝČ s pis za suvremenu povi-
jest 3/1995,Ν(ГКРrОЛ,Ν1995),Ν554.ΝΝ
67Ν
ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝЁϹЀЂϷЇОϹΝϸϴЁϴЅΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂΝЇІ϶ЄϸϼІϼ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝЁϹϾϼЀΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ-
϶ϴНϼЀϴ,Ν ЇΝ ЀϴЛЇΝ 1945.Ν ЇΝ ϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЁϴЅϹМϼЀϴΝ ЅϴΝ ЅЃϹЊϼЛϴϿЁϼЀΝ ЄϹϺϼЀЂЀΝ
ЇϾЇЃЁЂΝЛϹΝϵЂЄϴ϶ϼϿЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ70.000ΝϡϹЀϴЊϴΝϼΝ30.000ΝϠϴђϴЄϴ.ΝϜЅІЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂ,Ν
ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼϿЂΝЅϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϾЄϴЛϹЀΝ1944.ΝϼΝЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝ1945.ΝϸϹЃЂЄІЂ϶ϴЁЂΝϼϻЀϹђЇΝ20.000Ν
ϼΝ 30.000Ν ϸЂЀϴОϼЉΝ ϡϹЀϴЊϴΝ (ЃЄϹІϹϺЁЂΝ ϺϹЁϴ)Ν ЁϴΝ ЃЄϼЁЇϸЁϼΝ ЄϴϸΝ ЇΝ ϥЂ϶ЛϹІЅϾϼΝ
ϥϴ϶ϹϻΝ ϴΝ ЃЂΝ ЁЂ϶ЂЂϵЛϴ϶МϹЁϼЀΝ ЄЇЅϾϼЀΝ ϼϻ϶ЂЄϼЀϴΝ ЄϹЋΝ ЛϹΝ ЂΝ ϼϻЀϹђЇΝ 10.935Ν ϼΝ
12.364.ΝϿϼЊϴ.63ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝЛϹϸЁЂЀΝϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛЇΝϢϻЁϹ,ΝЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝЛϹΝϾЄϴЛϹЀΝ1945.Ν
ϵϼϿЂΝ130.380ΝϡϹЀϴЊϴ,ΝЂϸΝІЂϷϴΝ117.485ΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЅϴЁϼЉ,ΝЃЄϹІϹϺЁЂΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ
–Ν105.740Ν(30.745ΝЀЇЌϾϴЄϴЊϴ,Ν54.099ΝϺϹЁϴΝϼΝ20.896ΝϸϹЊϹ).ΝϘЄЇϷϼΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІΝ
ϢϻЁϹΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЂ϶ϴΝЅϿЇϺϵϴΝЅІЄϹМϴϿϴΝ6.763ΝϡϹЀЊϴΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼ.ΝϛϵϼЄЁϼΝ
ЃЄϹϷϿϹϸΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁЇΝ Ѕ϶ϼЉΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝ ЇΝ ЃϹЄϼЂϸЇΝ ЂϸΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝ
ЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ 1944.Ν ЃϴΝ ϸЂΝ 20.Ν ЛЇЁϴΝ 1945.Ν ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ЂΝ 14.069Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЃЄЂЌϿϼЉΝ ϾЄЂϻΝ
ϼЅІЄϴϺЁϼΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄ,ΝЂϸΝЋϹϷϴΝЅЇΝЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝ10.360ΝНϼЉΝЅІЄϹМϴϿϹΝЇΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝϸϴЁϼЀϴΝ
ϢϻЁϹΝϼΝ϶ЂЛЁϹΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϹΝ(ЂϾЂΝ2.000ΝOϻЁϹΝϼΝ5.000Ν϶ЂЛЁϹΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϹ).Ν64Ν
ϣЄϹЀϴΝ ϠϴђϴЄϼЀϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝ ϶ЂђϹЁϴΝ ЛϹϸЁϴϾϴΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼϾϴΝ ϾϴЂΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ
ϡϹЀЊϼЀϴΝϴϿϼΝЅϹΝЂϸΝІЂϷϴΝ϶ЄϿЂΝϵЄϻЂ,Ν϶ϹОΝЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝϸϹЊϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944,ΝϼϻΝЃЂϿϼІϼ-
ЋϾϼЉΝЄϴϻϿЂϷϴΝЂϸЇЅІϴϿЂ.ΝϣЄЂЊϹЅΝЄϹІЂЄϻϼЛϹΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝϾЂЁІЄЂϿϼЅϴЁ,ΝЀϴϸϴΝЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝϼΝ
ϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝϴЁϴЄЉϼЋЁϼЉΝϼЅІЇЃϴНϴ.ΝϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸϴЄΝϞϴЅϴЌΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝІЂϾЂЀΝ103Ν
ϸϴЁϴΝϖЂЛЁϹΝЇЃЄϴ϶ϹΝ1944–1945.ΝϾϴЂΝϺЄІ϶ϴΝЂϸЀϴϻϸϹΝЃϴϿЂΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ5.000Ν
ϠϴђϴЄϴΝЇΝϕϴЋϾЂЛ,Ν϶ϹϿϼϾϼЀΝϸϹϿЂЀΝϼΝϾϴЂΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЁϹЅϹϿϹϾІϼ϶ЁϹΝЃЄϴ϶ϸϹ.ΝϥϿϼЋЁϼΝ
ЅЇΝϼΝЃЂϸϴЊϼΝϠ.ΝϣЂЄІЀϴЁϴΝ–ΝЂϾЂΝ30.000ΝϠϴђϴЄϴΝЃЄЂЌϿЂΝЛϹΝϾЄЂϻΝϿЂϷЂЄϹ,ΝϴΝЂϾЂΝ
5.000ΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿЂ.65ΝϧΝЛϹϸЁЂЀΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІЇΝϢϻЁϹ,ΝЅϴЀЂΝЛϹΝЂЁϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴϿϴΝ1.776Ν
ϿϼЊϴΝЀϴђϴЄЅϾϹΝЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁЂЅІϼΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼ,ΝϸЂϾΝϸЄЇϷϼΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝϵЄЂЛΝЂϸΝ2.240Ν
ЂЁϼЉΝϾЂЛϹΝЛϹΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴϿϴΝϢϻЁϴΝ ϸЂΝ20.ΝЛЇЁϴΝ1945.ΝϡϹϸЂ϶ЄЌϹЁϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝ
ϔЁϾϹІЁЂϷΝ ЂϸϵЂЄϴΝ ϥϾЇЃЌІϼЁϹΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝ Ϲ϶ϼϸϹЁІϼЄϴϿϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЁϹЌІЂΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ЂϸΝ
5.000ΝϠϴђϴЄϴΝϴΝЁЂ϶ϼЛϴΝϼΝЃЂІЃЇЁϼЛϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝЀϹЌЂ϶ϼІϹΝϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝϥϔϡ-ЇΝ
ϼΝ Ϡϔϡ,Ν ЃЄϹЀϴΝ ЛЂЌΝ Ї϶ϹϾΝ ЃЄϹϿϼЀϼЁϴЄЁϼЀΝ ЄϹϻЇϿІϴІϼЀϴ,Ν ЂϾЂΝ 7.000Ν ϠϴђϴЄϴΝ ϼΝ
28.000ΝϡϹЀϴЊϴ.66ΝΝ
63
ΝГШrКЧΝJКЧУОtШvТΕ,ΝNemci u Vojvodini,Ν(BОШРrКН:ΝIЧstТtutΝгКΝЧШvТУuΝТstШrТУu,Ν2009),Ν358–360;ΝГ.Ν
JКЧУОtШvТΕ,Ν ,,DТsКppОrКЧМОΝ ШПΝ tСОΝ EttСЧТМΝ GОrЦКЧsΝ FrШЦΝ ВuРШsХКvТК:Ν ОбpuХsТШЧΝ ШrΝ ОЦТРrКtТ-
ШЧ?“,ΝTokovi istorije 1–2/2003,Ν66;ΝГШrКЧΝJКЧУОtШvТΕ,ΝBitween Hitler and Tito, Disaperance of
the etnic germans from the Vojvodina,Ν(BОШРrКН,ΝIЧstТtutΝгКΝЧШvТУuΝТstШrТУu,Ν2001),Ν247;ΝVХКНТ-
ЦТrΝGОТРОr,ΝJosip Broz Tito i ratni zločini: Bleiburg – Folksdojčeri,Ν(ГКРrОЛ:ΝHrvКtsФТΝТЧstТtutΝ
гКΝpШvТУОst,Ν2013);ΝϧϸЄЇϺϹНϹΝЁϹЅІϴϿϼЉΝϼΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝϡϹЀϴЊϴ,Ν ј њ -
ђ ,ΝϦϖΝϹЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ ,Ν29.ΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄΝ2004,ΝϤϦϥΝ2.ΝΝ
64
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,Ν75,ΝϣЄϹϷϿϹϸΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉ,ΝЃЄЂЌϿϼЉΝϾЄЂϻΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЂϸΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹ-
НϴΝϸЂΝ20.Ν6.Ν1945.ΝϷЂϸϼЁϹΝЁϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹ;ΝIгvОštКУΝIIΝШНsОФКΝOГN-ОΝгКΝVШУvШНТЧuΝ
ШΝЛrШУuΝuСКpšОЧТСΝТΝХТФvТНТrКЧТСΝЧКΝtОrТtШrТУТΝVШУvШНТЧО,ΝPartizanska i komunistička represija i
zločini u Hrvatskoj 1944–1946,ΝDШФuЦОЧtТΝ312ΝТΝ325.
65
ΝAХОФsКЧНКrΝKКsКš,ΝMađari u Vojvodini,Ν(NШvТΝЋКН,Ν1996),Ν326;ΝЈШrtЦКЧ,Ν„CШЦЦuЧТstΝrОtКХТКtТШЧΝ
КЧНΝpОrsОМusТШЧ“,Ν65.Ν
66
ΝIгvОštКУΝIIΝШНsОФКΝOГN-ОΝгКΝVШУvШНТЧuΝШΝЛrШУuΝuСКpšОЧТСΝТΝХТФvТНТrКЧТСΝЧКΝtОrТtШrТУТΝVШУvШНТЧО,Ν
Partizanska i komunistička represija i zločini u Hrvatskoj 1944–1946, Dokumenti,Ν 324;Ν ϔϥ,Ν
ϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,Ν75,ΝϣЄϹϷϿϹϸΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉ,ΝЃЄЂЌϿϼЉΝϾЄЂϻΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЂϸΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝϸЂΝ
20.Ν6.Ν1945.ΝϷЂϸϼЁϹΝЁϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹ; – ј
ј ђ њ њ 1941–
1948,Ν(ϡЂ϶ϼΝϥϴϸ,Ν2008);ΝГШrКЧΝJКЧУОtШvТΕ,ΝPoložaj Mađara u Vojvodni na kraju Drugog svet-
68Ν
„ вав “ 1945. в .ΝϢΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЀΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ

ϼϻЄЇЋϹЁϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝЇΝЃϹЄϼЂϸЇΝЀϴЛ–ЛЇЁΝ1945.ΝЃЂЅ-
ІЂЛϹΝ ІϴϾЂђϹΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЅЁϴΝ ЁϹЅϿϴϷϴНϴ,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϼΝ ЇЀϹЄϹЁϼЛϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴЋϴΝ
ЃЄϹІϹЄϴЁϹ.Ν ϧΝ ϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄϼΝ ϼΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϼЀϴΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴЛЋϹЌОϹΝ ЂΝ ЃЄϹϾЂΝ
200.000Ν ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝ (ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЉΝ ЈЂЄЀϴЊϼЛϴΝ
ϡϘϩ,Ν ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 100.000)Ν ϾЂЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϼϻЄЇЋϼϿϼΝ Ѕϴ϶ϹϻЁϼЊϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЄϴЛЇΝ ЄϴІϴ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЅϹΝ
ϵЄЂЛΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝ ЁϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 50.000-60.000.Ν ϕЄЂЛΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЁϴΝ
ϞЂЋϹ϶ЛЇ,ΝϦϴЉϴЄЛЇΝϼΝϞϴЀЁϼЋϾЂЛΝЌЇЀϼΝЀϴЛϴΝ1945.ΝϼΝЃЂΝϻϴ϶ЄЌϹІϾЇΝЄϴІϴΝϼЅІЄϴ-
Ϻϼ϶ϴЋϼΝ ЀϴНϹ-϶ϼЌϹΝ ЅϿϼЋЁЂΝ ЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛЇΝ ЁϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 15.000,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϹΝ ЅϿϴϺЇΝ ЇΝ
ЃЄЂЊϹЁϼΝ ϵЄЂЛϴΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЇЅІϴЌϴ,Ν ϸЂЀЂϵЄϴЁϴΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ϾЂϸΝ ϕϿϴЛϵЇЄϷϴ.Ν Ϙ.Ν
ϕϼϿϴЁџϼОΝ ϼΝ ЁϹϾϼΝ ϹЀϼϷЄϴЁІЅϾϼΝ ϾЄЇϷЂ϶ϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЇΝ ЅЇΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼϿϼΝ ЂΝ ЋϴϾΝ
200.000Ν ЇЅІϴЌϴ,Ν ϸЂЀЂϵЄϴЁϴΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ,Ν ϴΝ ЂΝ ІЂЀΝ ϵЄЂЛЇΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ϼΝ МЂІϼОϹ϶ЅϾϼΝ
ϹЀϼϷЄϴЁІΝ ϕ.Ν ϞϴЄϴЃϴЁџϼО.Ν ϥΝ ϸЄЇϷϹΝ ЅІЄϴЁϹ,Ν ϠϼϿЂ϶ϴЁΝ ЂϼϿϴЅΝ ЃЄϼϻЁϴЛϹΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ
ЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ20.000ΝϴϿϼΝЀϴНϹΝЂϸΝ30.000ΝМЇϸϼ.ΝϡϴЇЋЁЂΝЇІϹЀϹМϹЁϼЛϹΝϼΝ
ЇЀϹЄϹЁϼЛϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝϸϴЛϹΝϠϴЛϾϿΝϟϼϻΝϾЂЛϼΝЃϼЌϹΝЂΝ60.000–80.000ΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЇΝ
ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼ,ΝϴΝЁϴЛЁЂ϶ϼЛϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝϼΝϸϹЀЂϷЄϴЈЅϾϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝЂΝЂϾЂΝ
50.000Ν ,,ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ϕϿϴЛϵЇЄϷϴΝ ϼΝ ϾЄϼϺЁϼЉΝ ЃЇІϹ϶ϴ“Ν ϸЂϾΝ Ϡ.Ν ϗЄϴЉϹϾΝ ϼΝ ϖ.Ν ϗϴЛϷϹЄΝ
ϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝЂΝЂϾЂΝ80.000ΝЅ϶ϼЉΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝ(ЀϹђЇΝϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ12.000ΝЅϿЂ-
϶ϹЁϴЋϾϼЉΝ ϸЂЀЂϵЄϴЁϴ,Ν 6.000Ν ЊЄЁЂϷЂЄЅϾϼЉΝ ЋϹІЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ ЂϾЂΝ 3.000Ν МЂІϼОϹ϶ϴЊϴ,Ν
ϵϼ϶ЌϼЉΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ύϖЇϢ,Ν ЁϹϸϼОϹ϶ϴЊϴ,Ν ЋϹІЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ϼϻΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϹ).Ν ϢΝ
ϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІЇΝ Ђ϶ϼЉΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝ ϸЂ϶ЂМЁЂΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ϼΝ ЅϿϹϸϹОϴΝ ϸϹЃϹЌϴΝ ϾЂЛЇΝ ЛϹΝ
ЃЂЅϿϴЂΝϷϹЁϹЄϴϿ-ЀϴЛЂЄΝϤϴϸϹΝϩϴЀЂ϶ϼОΝ(ЃЅϹЇϸЂЁϼЀΝϠϼϾϼ):Ν,,ϕЄϼϷϴϸϴΝЛϹΝЅІϼϷϿϴΝ
ϸ϶ϴϸϹЅϹІЂϷΝ ЇΝ 6Ν ЅϴІϼ.Ν ϣЂ϶ϹϻϴЁϼΝ ЅЀЂΝ ЅϴΝ Ϣϛϡ-ЂЀ.Ν ϛϴϸϴІϴϾΝ ЁϴЌϹΝ ϵЄϼϷϴϸϹΝ ЛϹΝ
ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝ ЋϹІЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ ЇЅІϴЌϴΝ ϾЂЛϼЉΝ ϼЀϴΝ ϸ϶ϹΝ ϼΝ ЃЂΝ ЉϼМϴϸϹ.Ν ύЇЋϹΝ ЁϴЀΝ ЛϹΝ
ЃЂϷϼЁЇЂΝ ЁϹЅЄϹОЁϼЀΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹЀΝ ϾЂЀϴЁϸϴЁІΝ ϸЄЇϷЂϷΝ ϵϴІϴМЂЁϴΝ ЁϴΝ ЅІЄϹϿϼЌІЇΝ
ϸЄЇϷΝϠЂЀϴΝϘϼ϶МϴϾ.ΝϘϴЁϴЅΝЅЀЂΝЁϴЅІϴ϶ϼϿϼΝЅϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹЀ.ΝϕЄϼϷϴϸϴΝЛϹΝЅЀϹЌ-
ІϹЁϴΝ ЇΝ ϷЄϴϸЇ.“67Ν ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЋϾϴΝ ϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ ϼΝ ЅЃϹЊϼЛϴϿЁЂΝ ЂϸϹМϹНϹΝ ЇΝ
Ϡϧϣ-ЇΝ Ϲ϶ϼϸϹЁІϼЄϴϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЂϾЂΝ 600Ν ϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϴΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϶ЄЌϹЁϹΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϹΝ
ϹϷϻϹϾЇЊϼЛϹ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЅϹΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ІϴϾЂђϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝ ЁϴΝ ϵϿϼϻЇΝ 80.000.
ϡϴЛ϶ϹОϹΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹ,Ν ϾЂЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϸϹϿЂЀΝ ϹϾЅЉЇЀϼЄϴЁϹ,Ν ЅϴΝ ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ЉϼМϴϸϴΝ
ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЅЇΝϕЄϴϵϴЄϼЁΝЄЂ϶ΝϾЂϸΝϪϹМϴΝϼΝϦϹϻЁЂΝϾЂϸΝϠϴЄϼϵЂЄϴ.ΝϠϹђЇΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼ-
ЄϴЁϼЀϴΝЅϹΝЁϴϿϴϻϼΝЂϾЂΝ13.900ΝЃЂЃϼЅϴЁϼЉΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЊϴΝ(12.587ΝϸЂЀЂϵЄϴЁϴ,ΝЃϴЄΝ
ЅІЂІϼЁϴΝЅϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЋϾϼЉΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝύϖЇϢΝϼΝ1.200ΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴ).68ΝΝ
skog rata i njegovi uzroci,Ν ИpШХШгКУИЦКНКrКИuИvШУvШНТЧТИЧКИФrКУuИНruРШРИsvОtsФШРИrКtКΝ

ИТИЧУОРШvТИuгrШМТ.pНП;Ν ϜЁІϹЄЁϹІΝ ϵϴϻϴΝ ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϥϔϡ-ЇΝ ϼΝ ϠϔϡΝ ϻϴΝ ЇІ϶Єђϼ϶ϴНϹΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿЁϼЉΝ
ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ1941–1948,ΝСttp://ааа.vШУvШНТЧКФШЦ1941.ШrР.rs/Хt/.Ν
67
Ν IгΝ ФЧУТРКΝ НОpОšКΝ 15.Ν ЦКУОvТčФОΝ ЛrТРКНОΝ upuΕОЧТСΝ štКЛuΝ БVIIΝ НТvТгТУОΝ ШΝ strОХУКЧУuΝ гКrШЛХУОЧТСΝ
čОtЧТФКΝТΝustКšК, 20.ΝЦКУΝ1945. MТФТΝ(РОЧОrКХ-ЦКУШrΝЊКНОΝHКЦШvТΕ),ΝPartizanska i komunistička
represija,Ν130.Ν
68
ΝϢΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЀΝЇϵϼЅІ϶ϼЀϴΝЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝϸЂΝϾЂЛϼЉΝЛϹΝϸЂЌϿЂΝЃЂЅϿϹΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝ(ЀϴЛ–
ЛЇЁϼΝ1945)ΝЃЄ϶ϼΝЃЇІΝЛϹΝЛϴ϶ЁЂΝϷЂ϶ЂЄϼЂΝϿϼЋϾϼΝЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϼΝϾЂЀϴЁϸϴЁІΝϥϼЀЂΝϘЇϵϴЛϼОΝ1990.Ν
ϷЂϸϼЁϹ,ΝϼΝЅϴЀΝЇЋϹЅЁϼϾΝЇΝЂ϶ϼЀΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϼЀϴ.ΝϢЁΝЛϹΝІϴϸϴΝϻϴΝϿϼЅІΝ ΝЄϹϾϴЂΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϼΝЅϴЀΝЇЋϹЅ-
І϶Ђ϶ϴЂΝ ЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϼΝ МЇϸϼΝ ЇΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼ,Ν ϾϴЂΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϸЂϵϼЂΝ ЁϴϿЂϷΝ ϸϴΝ ЃЂϵϼЛϹΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ
30.000ΝϸЂЀϴОϼЉΝϼϻϸϴЛЁϼϾϴΝЇΝϞЂЋϹ϶ЅϾЂЀΝϤЂϷЇ.ΝϘЇϵϴЛϼОΝϾϴϺϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝІЂΝЂϵϴ϶ϼϿϴΝϸϴϿЀϴІϼЁЅϾϴΝ
ϵЄϼϷϴϸϴ,Ν ЋϼЛϼΝ ϾЂЀϹЅϴЄΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ϠϼϿϾϴΝ ϣϿϴЁϼЁЊ,Ν ϾЂЛϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϻϴΝ ІϴΝ ЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝ ЂϸϴϵЄϴϿϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 90Ν
ЁϴЛЃЂ϶ϹЄМϼ϶ϼЛϼЉΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴ.ΝMКrtТЧКΝGrКСОФΝЊКvКЧčТΕ, „MОđuЧКrШНЧОΝФШЧvОЧМТУОΝТΝОФstrКНТ-
69Ν
ΝΝ ϡϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ва ΝЛϹ,ΝϼϻϷϿϹϸϴ,ΝЅІϼЊϴЛϹЀΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϼЉΝЂϾЂϿЁЂЅ-
ІϼΝ(ЂЃЂЄІЇЁϼϻϴЀ,ΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϴΝϹЀϼϷЄϴЊϼЛϴΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ϴΝϼΝ϶ЂЛЅϾϹΝϾϴΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼ,Ν
ЄϹϿϴІϼ϶ЁЂΝ ϾЄϴІϴϾΝ ЃϹЄϼЂϸΝ ЄϴІЁЂϷΝ ЅІϴНϴ)Ν ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЂΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϹΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ
ЁϹЌІЂΝ ЀϴНϹϷΝ ϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІϴ.Ν ϣЇϵϿϼϾЂ϶ϴЁϼΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼ,Ν ЂЅϼЀΝ ІЂϷϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ
Ђϸ϶ϼЛϴϿЂΝЇΝЄϹϺϼЛϼΝϼΝЅϴΝϻЁϴНϹЀΝϢϻЁϹ,ΝЃЂІ϶ЄђЇЛЇΝϼΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁЇΝЃЄϴϾЅЇΝЃЄϹϿϴЅϾϴΝ
ϸЂЀЂϵЄϴЁϴΝ ЇΝ ЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϹΝ ЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϹ. ϡϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ЅϾЂЄЂΝ ЂϵЛϴ϶МϹЁϹΝ ϷЄϴђϹΝ
ЀЂϷЇОϹΝ ЛϹΝ ϼϸϹЁІϼЈϼϾЂ϶ϴІϼΝ ЂϾЂΝ 6.800Ν ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ,Ν ЃЄϼΝ ІЂЀΝ
ЁϹΝЇϻϼЀϴЛЇОϼΝЇΝЂϵϻϼЄΝЁϹЂϸЄϹђϹЁϹΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϹΝЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴНϴΝЃЄϹ-
ЀϴΝ ЅЇϸЅϾϼЀΝ ЃЄϹЅЇϸϴЀϴ.69Ν ϡϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ЅϴЋЇ϶ϴЁϼЉΝ ЃЄϹЅЇϸϴ,Ν ЅϴЀЂΝ ЇΝ ϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾЂЛΝ
ЅЇΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ϸЂΝ ϴ϶ϷЇЅІϴΝ 1945.Ν ϼϻЄϹϾϿϼΝ ЂϾЂΝ 5.200Ν ЂЅЇϸϴ,Ν ϴΝ ЂϸΝ ІЂϷϴΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ
1.500Ν(ϼϿϼΝϵϿϼϻЇΝ30Σ)ΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ.ΝϜ϶ЂΝϕϴЁϴЊΝЃϴϾΝІ϶ЄϸϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЅϴЀЂΝЇΝϛϴϷЄϹϵЇΝ
ЁϴϾЂЁΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶ϹΝϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝϵϿϼϻЇΝ5.000ΝϿϼЊϴΝϼΝІЂΝ
ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝЇΝЃЂϸЅМϹЀϹЁЅϾЂЛΝϻЂЁϼ,ΝϴΝϸЄЇϷϼΝϼϻ϶ЂЄϼΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϹΝЋϴϾΝ16.000ΝЇЉϴЃЌϹ-
ЁϼЉ,ΝЂϸΝϾЂЛϼЉΝЛϹΝЛϹϸϴЁΝϸϹЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁΝЁϴΝЃЂϸЄЇЋЛЇΝϠϴϾЅϼЀϼЄЅϾϹΝЌЇЀϹ.70ΝϧΝ
ϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾЂЛΝЛϹΝЛϹϸϼЁЅІ϶ϹЁϼΝЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁϼΝЃЂЃϼЅΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ,,ϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝ
ϼΝ ЃЂЄϴОϴ“Ν ІϹϾΝ ЇΝ ЃЂЅІЇЃϾЇΝ ϼϻЄϴϸϹΝ ϼΝ ЅϼЅІϹЀϴІϼϻϴЊϼЛϹ.Ν ϦϴϾЂђϹΝ ЁϼϾϴϸΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ
ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂΝ ЇІ϶ЄђϹЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ (Ёϴ϶ЂϸϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЂϸΝ 4.500Ν ϸЂΝ 20.000)Ν ϜІϴϿϼЛϴЁϴΝ ϾЂЛЇΝ ЅЇΝ
ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼΝ 1943–1945.Ν ϼΝ ϵϴЋϹЁϼΝ ЇΝ ϾЄϴЌϾϹΝ ЛϴЀϹΝ ϨЂϼϵϹΝ ЇΝ ϼЅІϴЄЅϾЂЀΝ ϻϹϿϹђЇ.
ϢЅϼЀΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾϹ,Ν ЇΝ ЂЅІϴϿϼЀΝ ϵϼ϶ЌϼЀΝ ЄϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϴЀϴΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝ
ЁϹΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϹΝ ЛЂЌΝ Ї϶ϹϾΝ ЅϼЅІϹЀϴІϼЋЁϴΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ЁϴΝ Ђ϶ЇΝ ІϹЀЇ.Ν ύϹϸϼЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ
ЇϸЄЇϺϹНϹΝ ΝЇΝϪЄЁЂЛΝϗЂЄϼΝϼϸϹЁІϼЈϼϾЂ϶ϴϿЂΝ5.214ΝЅІЄϴϸϴ-
ϿϼЉΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ϼΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝ ЇΝ ,,ϖϹϿϼϾЂЀΝ ϛϵЛϹϷЇ“,Ν ϼϻЀϹђЇΝ 10.000Ν ϼΝ 20.000Ν МЇϸϼΝ
ϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЅϹΝЃЂ϶ϿϴЋϼϿϼΝЅϴΝϣϴ϶ϿЂЀΝЂЇЄϼЌϼОϹЀΝЃЄϹЀϴΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝϼΝЀϴЉЂЀΝЅЇΝ
ІЇΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼ.71ΝΝ
МТУКΝЋrЛКΝТгΝsКvОгЧТčФТСΝХШРШrКΝuΝAustrТУТΝuΝsvТЛЧУuΝ1945“,ΝHereticusΝ1–2,ΝBОШРrКН,Ν2011,Ν75;Ν
MКrtТЧКΝ GrКСОФΝ ЊКvКЧčТΕ,Ν Bleiburg i križni put 1945,Ν (ГКРrОЛ:Ν HrvКtsФТΝ ТЧstТtutΝ гКΝ pШvТУОst,Ν
2009),Ν 317–333;Ν VХКНТЦТrΝ GОТРОr, Tito i likvidacija hrvatskih zarobljenika u Blajburgu,Ν
Сttp://ааа.sМrТЛН.МШЦ/НШМ/253542969/VХКНТЦТr-GОТРОr-TТtШ-Т-ХТФvТНКМТУК-СrvКtsФТС-
гКrШЛХУОЧТФК-u-BХКУЛurРuΠsМrТЛН;ΝVХКНТЦТrΝŽОrУКvТΕ,ΝOpsesije i megalomanije oko Jasenovca i
Blajburga,Ν (ГКРrОЛ,Ν 1993),Ν 75;Ν IvШΝ GШХНštКУЧ,Ν Povjest HrvatskeΝ 1945–2011,Ν I,Ν (ГКРrОЛ:Ν EЈHΝ
MОНТК,Ν2011),Ν17;ΝDušКЧΝBТХКЧНžТΕ,ΝModerna hrvatska povjest,Ν(ГКРrОЛ,Ν1999)Ν187;ΝϕЂЄϼ϶ЂЛϹΝ
ϞϴЄϴЃϴЁџϼО,Ν Ј ,Ν (ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν 2001);Ν ϟϼϻ,Ν . ., 334;Ν ĐТХКs,Ν Vlast;Ν
Poročilo komisije Vlade Republike Slovenije za rešavanje pitanja prikritih grobišč 2005–2008,Ν
(LУuЛХУКЧК,Ν2009).Ν
69
Ν ϣЂЅϹϵЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϼЁІϹЄϹЅϴЁІЁϴΝ ϸϹЃϹЌϴΝ ϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸЄϴΝ ϤϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОϴΝ ϢϻЁϼΝ ϻϴΝ ϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾЇΝ ЂϸΝ 15.Ν ЀϴЛϴΝ
1945.Ν ЇΝ ϾЂЛЂЛΝ ІЄϴϺϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЂϸϿЇЋЁϼЛϹΝ ϾЄϹЁϹΝ ЇΝ „ЋϼЌОϹНϴΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ“.Ν DОpОšКΝ VrСШvЧШРΝ
štКЛКΝ JAΝ –Ν A.Ν ЊКЧФШvТΕКΝ upuΕОЧКΝ OГN-ТΝ гКΝ HrvКtsФu,Ν Partizanska i komunistička represija,Ν
17–20,Ν113;ΝϜЅІЂ,Ν46,Ν73–87.Ν
70
Ν GШХНštКУЧ,Ν Povjest Hrvatske 1945–2011,Ν 47;Ν IvШΝ BКЧКМ,Ν „AЧtТПКšТгКЦΝ ЛОгΝ КЧtТФШЦuЧТгЦКΝ ЧОΝ
ЦШžОΝЛТtТΝНОЦШФrКtsФТΝstКv“,ΝVečernji list,Ν8.Ν9.Ν2007;ΝMТrФШΝVТНШvТΕ,Ν„TСОΝFКtОΝШПΝTТtШsΝprТsШ-
ЧОrsΝШПΝаКr“,ΝHuman Rights in Yugoslavia,Ν(LШsΝAЧРОХОs,Ν1986),Ν107.ΝΝ
71
Ν ϥϴ϶ЂΝ ϗЄϹϷЂ϶ϼО,Ν ј ј ,Ν (ϕЇϸ϶ϴ:Ν ϧϸЄЇϺϹНϹΝ ,,ϢІϾЄϼОϹЀЂΝ ϼЅІϼЁЇ“,Ν 2005);Ν
BЂУКЧΝ HШrvКt,Ν ,,F jbe očima povjesničara, a ne političara“, НКtuЦΝ prТstupКΝ 16.Ν 3.Ν 2016,
Сttp://аОЛМКМСО.РШШРХОusОrМШЧtОЧt.МШЦ/sОКrМС?q=МКМСО:СEsrpFDuEIJ:Сttps://rОРsФШrНТЧКtШr.ПТХ
Оs.аШrНprОss.МШЦ/2013/06/3-СШrvКt-ЛШУКЧ-ПШУЛО-ШМТЦК-pШvУОsЧТМКrК-К-ЧО-
pШХТtТМКrК.pНП+ΤМН=3ΤСХ=ОЧΤМt=МХЧФΤРХ=rsΝ
70Ν
а ва а ав а а
12. а 1944.
ј ј ј 1944.ΝЛϹΝϸЂΝ
ϾЄϴЛϴΝ ЀϴЛϴΝ 2015.Ν ЃЄϼϾЇЃϼϿϴΝ ЃЂϸϴІϾϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 56.000Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝ ЇΝ
ЃЂЅϿϹЄϴІЁϼЀΝЋϼЅІϾϴЀϴΝϼΝІЂΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЅϴЀϹΝϴЄЉϼ϶ЅϾϹΝϷЄϴђϹΝϸЄϺϴ-
϶ЁϹΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼΝ(ϔЄЉϼ϶ΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ),ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝϷЄϴђϹΝϼϻΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝЄϴЁϼЛϹΝ
ЁϹϸЂЅІЇЃЁϼЉΝ ЈЂЁϸЂ϶ϴΝ ϖЂЛЁЂϷΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϴΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЉΝ ϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϴ:Ν ϔЄЉϼ϶ϴΝ ύЇϷЂ-
ЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ,ΝϜЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾЂϷΝϴЄЉϼ϶ϴΝϷЄϴϸϴΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,ΝϿЂϾϴϿЁϼЉΝϴЄЉϼ϶ϴ,ΝϴΝϻϴΝІϹЄϼІЂ-
ЄϼЛЇΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝ ϼϻΝ ϣЂϾЄϴЛϼЁЅϾЂϷΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϴΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹ.Ν ϣЂЄϹϸΝ ІЂϷϴ,Ν
ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ ЇЅІЇЃМϹЁϴΝ ϵϴϻϴΝ ЅϴΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 27.000Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝ
ЃЂЅϿϹΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944,ΝϾЂЛЇΝЛϹΝ϶ϹОΝЅϴЅІϴ϶ϼЂΝϔЁϾϹІЁϼΝЂϸϵЂЄΝϥϾЇЃЌІϼЁϹΝϖЂЛ-
϶ЂϸϼЁϹ (2003–2008).ΝϢЁϴΝЛϹΝЂϵЄϴђϹЁϴ,ΝϼЁϾЂЄЃЂЄϼЄϴЁϴΝϼΝЇЅϴ϶ЄЌϹЁϴΝЇΝЛϹϸϼЁ-
ЅІ϶ϹЁЇΝϵϴϻЇΝЃЂϸϴІϴϾϴ,ΝϸЂЅІЇЃЁϴΝϷЄϴђϴЁϼЀϴΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ϶Ϲϵ-ЅϴЛІϴΝϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝϻϴΝІϴЛ-
ЁϹΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹ.ΝϕϴϻϴΝЛϹΝЇϾМЇЋϼϿϴΝϼΝЀЁЂЌІ϶ЂΝЁЂ϶ϼЉΝЋϼНϹЁϼЊϴ,ΝϸЂΝЅϴϸϴΝЁϹЃЂϻ-
ЁϴІϼЉΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁϴІϴΝ ϼΝ ЈЂІЂϷЄϴЈϼЛϴΝ ϼϻΝ ЃЄϼ϶ϴІЁϼЉΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϴ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹϸЂЋϹНϴΝ ϼΝ ЅϿ.72Ν
ϦЄϹϵϴΝ ЁϴЃЂЀϹЁЇІϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ Ђ϶ϸϹΝ Ёϴ϶ϹϸϹЁϼΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЛϹϸϴЁΝ ЃЄϹϿϼЀϼЁϴЄЁϼΝ
ЃЄϹЅϹϾΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝϼΝϸϴΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϼΝϸϹЂΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴЊϼЛϹΝϻϴΝЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϹΝЂϵϿϴЅІϼΝϼΝ
ϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϹΝ(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,ΝϬϴϵϴЊ,ΝϞЄϴϷЇЛϹ϶ϴЊ...)ΝЁϹϸЂЅІϴЛϹ.ΝϣЂЄϹϸΝЅ϶ϼЉΝϴЁЂЀϴϿϼЛϴΝϼΝ
ϷЄϹЌϴϾϴ,ΝЅЇϵЛϹϾІϼ϶ЁϼЉΝϼΝЂϵЛϹϾІϼ϶ЁϼЉ,ΝϾЂЛϹΝЃЄϴІϹΝЂ϶ϴϾЂΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴ-
НϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЂЃϼЅϹ,Ν Ђ϶ЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϸЂΝ ЅϴϸϴΝ ЁϴЛЂϵϼЀЁϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ЁϴЛЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼЛϼΝ ЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁϼΝ
ЃЂЃϼЅΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЂϵЛϴ϶МϹЁΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝЄϹϷϼЂЁЇ.Ν
а ава а ач а а а. ϢϸΝ ЇϾЇЃЁЂϷΝ ϵЄЂЛϴΝ
ЇЁϹІϼЉΝ ЇΝ ϵϴϻЇ,Ν 49.913Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϼϻϷЇϵϼϿЂΝ Ϻϼ϶ЂІΝ ϸЂϾΝ ЅϹΝ ϾϴЂΝ ЁϹЅІϴϿЂΝ ϶ЂϸϼΝ
6.095.Ν ϣЄϹЀϴΝ ϸЂЅϴϸϴЌНϼЀΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϼΝ ϾЂЁϴЋЁϼ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ ЁϹϷϸϹΝ
ЃЄϹϾЂΝ 2.800Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЃЄϹЅЇϸЂЀΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ ϴΝ Ѕ϶ϼΝ ЂЅІϴϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ
϶ϴЁЅЇϸЅϾϼΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼΝ ЇΝ ϿЂϷЂЄЇ.Ν ϣЄЂЊϹЁІЇϴϿЁЂΝ ϷϿϹϸϴЁЂ,Ν
ЇϾЇЃЁЂΝЛϹΝЇΝϵϴϻϼΝЁϴ϶ϹϸϹЁЂΝЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁЂ,ΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϴЄЉϼ϶ЅϾϼЉΝϼϻ϶ЂЄϴ,ΝϸϴΝЛϹΝ
ЂϾЂΝ50ΣΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴΝ(϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ25.000),ΝЂϾЂΝ6ΣΝ(2.876)ΝЂЅЇђϹ-
ЁЂΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ,ΝϴΝ44ΣΝ(22.371)ΝЛϹΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿЂΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝϼϿϼΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϼЀϴ.ΝϡϴΝЂЅЁЂ-
϶ЇΝ ЃЂϸϴІϴϾϴΝ ЂΝ 6.500Ν ЁϹЅІϴϿϼЉΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ (ЇΝ ϶ϹϿϼϾЂЛΝ ЀϹЄϼΝ ЃЂІϹЁЊϼЛϴϿЁЂΝ ЇϵϼЛϹ-
ЁϼЉ!)Ν ϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ЅϴϻЁϴНϴΝ ЂΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴЊϼЛϼΝ ϾЂЛϴΝ ЁϹϸЂЅІϴЛϹ,Ν ϵЄЂЛΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ
72
ΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝϖϿϴϸϹΝϤϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϹΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝϻϴΝІϴЛЁϹΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЃЂЅϿϹΝ12.ΝЅϹЃІϹЀ-
ϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝЛϹΝЂϸΝЁЂ϶ϹЀϵЄϴΝ2011.ΝЃЂϾЄϹЁЇϿϴΝЃЄЂЛϹϾϴІΝϼϻЄϴϸϹΝЅϴ϶ЄϹЀϹЁϹΝϵϴϻϹΝЃЂϸϴІϴϾϴΝϾЂЛϴΝ
ϵϼΝЇΝЀЂϸϹЄЁЂЛΝϼΝϹЈϼϾϴЅЁЂЛΝЈЂЄЀϼΝЃЄϹϻϹЁІЂ϶ϴϿϴΝЌϼЄЂЛΝЛϴ϶ЁЂЅІϼΝϼΝϻϴϼЁІϹЄϹЅЂ϶ϴЁϼЀΝϿϼЊϼ-
ЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ ЃЂϸϴІϾϹΝ ϸЂΝ ϾЂЛϼЉΝ ЛϹΝ ϸЂЌϿϴΝ ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϴ.Ν Ϣ϶ϴЛΝ ЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁϼΝ ϼЁІϹЄЁϹІΝ
ЄϹϷϼЅІϴЄΝ (ЅϴΝ Ѕ϶ϼЀΝ ϸЂЅЇЃϼЁϼЀΝ ϿϼЋЁϼЀΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴΝ ЂΝ ϺЄІ϶ϼ),Ν ЃЄ϶ϼΝ Ђ϶ϴϾ϶ϹΝ ϶ЄЅІϹΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼ,Ν
ЃЂϸЄϺϴ϶ϴΝϼΝϴІϴЋЀϹЁІϹΝЅϴΝЈЂІЂϷЄϴЈϼЛϴЀϴ,ΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼЀϴΝϼΝϼЅІЂ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂΝЂЀЂϷЇОϴ϶ϴΝϼϻЄϴϸЇΝ
Ͼ϶ϴϿϼІϹІЁϹΝϵЄϻϹΝЅІϴІϼЅІϼϾϹΝЅІЄϴϸϴНϴΝЃЂΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϼЀΝϾϴІϹϷЂЄϼЛϴЀϴ.ΝϖϼЌϹΝЁϴΝЅϴЛІЇΝϠϼЁϼЅ-
ІϴЄЅІ϶ϴΝЃЄϴ϶ϸϹΝϤϥΝϤϹϷϼЅІϴЄΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ,,ϢІ϶ЂЄϹЁϴΝϾНϼϷϴ“Ν-ΝСttp://ааа.ШtvШrОЧКФЧУТРК.ΝФШЦТsТ-
УК1944.ЦprКvНО.РШv.rs/Ν
ΝΝ
Ν
71Ν
ϵϹϻΝЅЇђϹНϴΝІЂϾЂЀΝ1944–1945.ΝЀЂϺϹΝЅϹΝЂϵЛϹϾІϼ϶ЁЂΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϼІϼΝЁϴΝЂϾЂΝ35.000.Ν
ϦϴϾЂђϹΝ ЅϹ,Ν ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϼЅІϼЉΝ ЃϴЄϴЀϹІϴЄϴ,Ν ϼΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЇЀЄϿϼΝ ЇΝ
ϿЂϷЂЄЇΝЀЂϺϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϼІϼΝЁϴΝЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝЂϾЂΝ35.000ΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉ.ΝΝ
Ν
Ν
ΝΝ
а а а а . ϡϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ЃЄϹϵϼ϶ϴ-
ϿϼЌІϴΝϷϿϹϸϴЁЂ,ΝϸЂΝЅϴϸϴΝЛϹΝЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝЃЂϸϴІϴϾϴΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀΝϿϼЊϼЀϴΝЃЄϼϾЇЃМϹЁЂΝ
ϻϴΝ ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЅϾϼ,Ν ύЇϺЁЂϵϴЋϾϼ,Ν ύЇϺЁЂϵϴЁϴІЅϾϼ,Ν ϥϹ϶ϹЄЁЂϵϴЁϴІЅϾϼΝ ϼΝ ϠЂЄϴ϶ϼЋϾϼΝ
ЂϾЄЇϷ.ΝϢЅЇђϹЁϼΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϼϿϼΝЃϴϾΝЂЁϼΝϾЂЛϼΝϼЀϴЛЇΝЃЄϹЅЇϸЇΝϻϴΝЅϴϸϴΝЅЇΝЁϴЛϵЄЂЛЁϼЛϼΝ
ЇΝύЇϺЁЂϵϴЋϾЂЀ,ΝϥЄϹЀЅϾЂЀΝϼΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЅϾЂЀΝЂϾЄЇϷЇ.ΝϧΝЇϾЇЃЁЂЀΝϻϵϼЄЇΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝ
ЃЂЅϿϹΝ12.ΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944,ΝϴϾЂΝЅϹΝЄϴЋЇЁϴЛЇΝϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿЁϴΝϿϼЊϴΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϴΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼ-
Ѐϴ,ΝϸϴϿϹϾЂΝЁϴЛ϶ϹОϼΝϵЄЂЛ,ΝЁϴЄϴ϶ЁЂ,ΝϼЀϴЛЇΝ϶ЂЛ϶ЂђϴЁЅϾϼΝЂϾЄЇϻϼΝ(ϛϴЃϴϸЁЂϵϴЋϾϼΝϼΝ
ύЇϺЁЂϵϴЋϾϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 10.000Ν ϼΝ ύЇϺЁЂϵϴЁϴІЅϾϼΝ ЅϴΝ ЃЄϹϾЂΝ 5.000),Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ
ϵЄЂЛЇΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЃЄϹϸНϴЋϹΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝ(ЂϾЂΝ3.500),ΝϠЂЄϴ϶ϼЋϾϼΝ
(1.500),Ν ϛϿϴІϼϵЂЄЅϾϼΝ (1.200),Ν ύϴϵϿϴЁϼЋϾϼΝ (ЂϾЂΝ 1.000)Ν ϼΝ ϦϼЀЂЋϾϼΝ (900)Ν ЂϾЄЇϷ.Ν
ϥ϶ϴϾЂΝІЄϹϵϴΝЇϻϹІϼΝЇΝЂϵϻϼЄΝϸϴΝϻϴΝ϶ϹОϹΝϷЄϴϸЂ϶Ϲ,ΝЃЂЃЇІΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸϴ,ΝЇΝϸЂϵЄЂЛΝЀϹЄϼΝ
72Ν
ЁϹϸЂЅІϴЛЇΝϾНϼϷϹΝϼΝЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝϾϴϾ϶ϹΝЅЇΝЁϴђϹЁϹΝϻϴΝ϶ϹОϼЁЇΝϸЄЇϷϼЉΝЀϹЅ-
ІϴΝЃϴΝЛϹΝЃЄϹЀϴΝІЂЀϹΝЂЋϹϾϼ϶ϴЁϼΝϵЄЂЛΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝϻЁϴІЁЂΝ϶ϹОϼ.73ΝΝ
а а а а а а .Ν ϣЄϹЀϴΝ ЁϴЊϼЛϼΝ ЇΝ
ϵϴϻϼΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЛϹΝ ЀϹђЇΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁϼЀΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴϿЂΝ
ϥЄϵϴΝ(ЃЄϹϾЂΝ15.048),ΝϡϹЀϴЊϴΝ(6.500),ΝϠϴђϴЄϴΝ(ЂϾЂΝ4.500),ΝϔϿϵϴЁϴЊϴΝ(1.400),Ν
ϩЄ϶ϴІϴΝ (976)Ν ЃϴΝ ϻϴІϼЀΝ ЁϹЃЂϻЁϴІϹΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁЂЅІϼΝ ϼΝ ЂЅІϴϿϼ.Ν ϠϹђЇІϼЀ,Ν ϾЂϸΝ
ЇЀЄϿϼЉΝЇΝ ϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴ,Ν ϾϴЂΝ ЃЂЅϿϹϸϼЊϴΝ ІϹЌϾϼЉΝ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϴ,Ν ϵЂϿϹЅІϼΝ ϼϿϼΝ ЁϴЀϹЄЁЂϷΝ
ЁϹϿϹЋϹНϴ,Ν ЇΝ ЂϷЄЂЀЁЂЛΝ ϶ϹОϼЁϼΝ ЃЄϹІϹϺЇΝ ЈЂϿϾЅϸЂЛЋϹЄϼΝ (ЂϾЂΝ 22.000)Ν ЌІЂΝ ϼЉΝ
ЋϼЁϼΝ ЁϴЛϵЄЂЛЁϼЛЂЀΝ ϾϴІϹϷЂЄϼЛЂЀΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ ЇϾЇЃЁЂЀΝ ϻϵϼЄЇΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ (27.654),Ν ЃϴΝ
ϻϴІϼЀΝЅϿϹϸϹΝϥЄϵϼΝ(15.500),ΝϠϴђϴЄϼΝ(ЂϾЂΝ7.000)ΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼ.ΝϣЂІЄϹϵЁЂΝЛϹΝЀϹђЇ-
ІϼЀΝ ЅϾЄϹЁЇІϼΝ ЃϴϺНЇΝ ϸϴΝ ЇΝ ϼϻ϶ЂЄϼЀϴΝ ЃЂЄϹϸΝ ϼЀϹЁϴΝ ЋϹЅІЂΝ ЁϹЀϴΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϹΝ
ЂϸЄϹϸЁϼЊϹΝ ІϴϾЂΝ ϸϴΝ ϵЄЂЛϾϹΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϹ,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ЅЇΝ Ѕ϶ϴϾϴϾЂΝ ϸЂϵЄϹΝ ϻϴΝ
ЃЂЋϹІЁЇΝϴЁϴϿϼϻЇ.ΝΝ
Ν
ϡϹЀЊϼΝ 27.641 ϪЄЁЂϷЂЄЊϼΝ 44Ν
ϥЄϵϼΝ 15.048 ϖϿϴЅϼΝ 42Ν
ϠϴђϴЄϼΝ 6.215 ϤЇЅϼЁϼΝ 40Ν
ϡϹЃЂϻЁϴІЂΝ 4.169 ϕЇϷϴЄϼΝ 31Ν
ϔϿϵϴЁЊϼΝ 1.362 ϕЇНϹ϶ЊϼΝ 15Ν
ϩЄ϶ϴІϼΝ 976 ϫϹЅϼΝ 13Ν
ϤЇЅϼΝ 136 ϤЂЀϼΝ 12Ν
ϠЇЅϿϼЀϴЁϼΝ 125 ϣЂМϴЊϼΝ 11Ν
ϥϿЂ϶ϴЊϼΝ 111 ϠϴϾϹϸЂЁЊϼΝ 9Ν
ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁЊϼΝ 84 ϔЇЅІЄϼЛϴЁЊϼΝ 7Ν
ύϹ϶ЄϹЛϼΝ 81 ϦЇЄЊϼΝ 3Ν
ϤЇЀЇЁϼΝ 70 ϧϾЄϴЛϼЁЊϼΝ 1Ν
Ν
а а а а а ч а -
. ϣЂΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂЛΝ ЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϼ,Ν ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ЊϹЁІЄϴϿЁϹΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϹΝ ЀϹђЇΝ
ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЀϴΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЛϹΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ЂϻЁϴЋϹЁϼЉΝ ϾϴЂΝ ЅϼЀЃϴІϼϻϹЄϼ,Ν ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁІϼΝ ϼΝ
ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼΝ ЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϼ,Ν ϻϴІϼЀΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴ,Ν ЅϼЀЃϴІϼϻϹЄϴΝ ϼΝ ЅϴЄϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ύϖЇϢ,Ν
ЅϴЄϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ϴϿϵϴЁЅϾϼЉΝ ϼΝ ϵЂЌНϴЋϾϼЉΝ ЀϼϿϼЊϼЛϴ.Ν ϧΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ
ЅЇΝЁϴЛϵЄЂЛЁϼЛϼΝЁϹЀϴЋϾϼΝϼΝЀϴђϴЄЅϾϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϼΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼΝϻϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇ,ΝЄϹђϹΝ
ϼΝϻϴΝЇЋϹЌОϹΝЇΝЄϴϻЁϼЀΝЂϾЇЃϴЊϼЂЁϼЀΝЈЂЄЀϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝϼΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЀΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴ-
ЊϼЛϴЀϴΝЇϻΝϼϻЁϹЁϴђЇЛЇОϹΝ϶ϹϿϼϾΝϵЄЂЛΝϥЄϵϴΝ„ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴ“ΝϼΝЃЄϼЃϴ-
ϸЁϼϾϴΝ ύϖЇϢ,Ν ЃЄϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ ЇΝ ϕϴЁϴІЇ,Ν ЅΝ ЂϵϻϼЄЂЀΝ ЁϴΝ ЃϴЅϼ϶ЁЂЅІΝ ϼΝ ЀϴϿЂϵЄЂЛЁЂЅІΝ
Ђ϶ϹΝЂЄϷϴЁϼϻϴЊϼЛϹΝЁϴΝІЂЀΝІϹЄϹЁЇ.ΝϡϴΝϞЂЅШ϶ЇΝЛϹΝЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЃЂΝϿϼЁϼЛϼΝ
ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹΝϼΝЇЋϹЌОϴΝЇΝЄϹϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϵϴϿϼЅІϴΝϼϿϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЉΝϴϿϵϴЁЅϾϼЉΝЀϼϿϼЊϼ-
Лϴ,ΝϸЂϾΝϾЂϸΝϥЄϵϴΝϼЀϴΝЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝЅϼЀЃϴІϼϻϹЄϴΝϼΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝЋϹІЁϼЋϾЂϷΝЃЂϾЄϹ-
ІϴΝϞЂЅІϹΝϣϹОϴЁЊϴΝϼϿϼΝύϖЇϢ.Ν
73
ΝϡϴΝЃЄϼЀϹЄ,ΝϻϴΝЅϴЀΝϷЄϴϸΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸΝЃЄЂЁϴђϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЇΝϴЄЉϼ϶ϼЀϴΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝІЄϼΝ
ЂϸΝ16ΝϾНϼϷϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝϼΝϾНϼϷϴΝЃЄϼІ϶ЂЄϹЁϼϾϴΝЃЂΝϾ϶ϴЄІЂ϶ϼЀϴΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇ.ΝϡϹϸЂЅІϴЛЇΝЃЂЛϹ-
ϸϼЁϹΝϾНϼϷϹΝϻϴΝϬϴϵϴЊ,ΝϞЄϴϷЇЛϹ϶ϴЊΝϼΝЛЂЌΝЁϹϾϴΝ϶ϹОϴΝЀϹЅІϴ.
73Ν
ϥІЄЇϾІЇЄϴΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁЂЛΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁЂЅІϼΝ ЀЂϺϸϴΝ ЁϴЛϵЂ-

МϹΝЂЅϿϼϾϴ϶ϴΝϼΝЅІϴІϼЅІϼЋϾϼΝЃЂІϾЄϹЃМЇЛϹΝϾϿϴЅЁЇΝϼΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЇΝЀЂІϼ϶ϼЅϴЁЂЅІΝ
ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹ.ΝϣЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴ,ΝЀЂЄϴΝЅϹΝЄϹОϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЀϹђЇΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЀϴΝЇΝϵϴϻϼΝϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ90ΣΝ
Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ.Ν ϦϴЛΝ ЃЂϸϴІϴϾΝ Ї϶ϹϿϼϾЂΝ ЄϹЀϹІϼΝ ЇЂϵϼЋϴЛϹЁЇΝ ЅϿϼϾЇΝ ЂΝ Іϻ϶.Ν ,,ЋϹІЁϼЋϾЂ-Ν
-ЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾЂЀΝЂϵЄϴЋЇЁЇ“ΝЁϴЀϹІЁЇІЇΝЇΝЛϴ϶ЁЂЅІϼ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉ,ΝЇΝ
ЂϸЁЂЅЇΝЁϴΝϻϴЅІЇЃМϹЁЂЅІΝЇΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁЂЛΝЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϼ,ΝϼϻЇϻϹІЁЂΝЃЄϹϸНϴЋϹ:ΝϻϴЁϴ-
ІϿϼЛϹΝ(2.775),ΝІЄϷЂ϶Њϼ-ϾϴЈϹџϼЛϹΝ(924),ΝϸЂЀϴОϼЊϹΝ(3.809),ΝϺϴЁϸϴЄЀϼΝ(2.052),Ν
ϴϸ϶ЂϾϴІϼΝϼΝЅЇϸϼЛϹΝ(119),ΝЋϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЊϼΝ(1.052),ΝЇЋϹЁϼЊϼΝϼΝЅІЇϸϹЁІϼΝ(449),ΝЇЋϼ-
ІϹМϼ,ΝЃЄЂЈϹЅЂЄϼ,ΝϼЁϺϹНϹЄϼΝ(367),ΝЅϹЂЅϾϼΝϾЀϹІЂ϶ϼ,ΝЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼЊϼΝЂЃЌІϼЁϴΝ
ϼΝЁϴЋϹϿЁϼЊϼΝ(286),ΝЂЈϼЊϼЄϼΝϼΝ϶ЂЛЁϼЊϼΝ(857),ΝЅ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼЊϼΝ(162),ΝϼЁϸЇЅІЄϼ-
ЛϴϿЊϼΝϼΝЃЄϹϸЇϻϹІЁϼЊϼΝ(151),ΝϷϿЇЀЊϼ-ЇЀϹІЁϼЊϼΝ(79),ΝЄϴϸЁϼЊϼΝ(828),ΝϿϹϾϴЄϼΝ
ϼΝϴЃЂІϹϾϴЄϼΝ(102),ΝЁЂ϶ϼЁϴЄϼΝ(68).ΝϡϴЄϴ϶ЁЂ,ΝЇΝϴЃЅЂϿЇІЁЂЀΝЅЀϼЅϿЇΝЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝ
ЛϹΝϻϹЀМЂЄϴϸЁϼϾϴ,Ν9.713ΝϼΝІЂΝЇΝЃЄЂЅϹϾЇΝϼЀЇОЁϼЛϼЉΝϸЂЀϴОϼЁϴΝІϻ϶.Ν„ϾЇϿϴϾϴ“.ΝΝ
Ν
ϛϹЀМЂЄϴϸЁϼЊϼΝ 9.713 ϧЋϹЁϼЊϼ/ЅІЇϸϹЁІϼΝ 456Ν
ϘЂЀϴОϼЊϹΝ 3.817 ϧЋϼІϹМϼ/ЃЄЂЈϹЅЂЄϼ/ϼЁϺϹНϹЄϼΝ 367Ν
ϛϴЁϴІϿϼЛϹΝ 2.775 ϣЄϹϸ.ΝЂЃЌІϼЁϴ/ϾЀϹІЂ϶ϼ/ЅЄ.ΝЁϴЋ.Ν 289Ν
ϚϴЁϸϴЄЀϼ/ЃЂϿϼЊϴЛЊϼΝ 2.054 ϥ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼЊϼΝ 167Ν
ϢЅІϴϿЂΝ 1.181 ϜЁϸЇЅІЄϼЛϴϿЊϼ/ЃЄϹϸЇϻϹІЁϼЊϼΝ 154Ν
ϫϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЊϼΝ 1.055 ϔϸ϶ЂϾϴІϼ/ЅЇϸϼЛϹΝ 120Ν
ϦЄϷЂ϶Њϼ/ϾϴЈϹџϼЛϹΝ 924 ϟϹϾϴЄϼ/ϴЃЂІϹϾϴЄϼΝ 101Ν
ϤϴϸЁϼЊϼ/ЁϴϸЁϼЋϴЄϼΝ 883 ϧЀϹІЁϼЊϼΝ 79Ν
ϖЂЛЁϼЊϼ/ЂЈϼЊϼЄϼΝ 865 ϡЂ϶ϼЁϴЄϼΝ 70Ν
Ν
ϥЄϵϼЛϴ,ΝЃЂЄϹϸΝЁϹϾϼЉΝЅϿϼЋЁЂЅІϼΝЇΝЂϸЁЂЅЇΝЁϴΝЛЇϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϹЁЅϾЂΝϼΝϹ϶ЄЂЃ-
ЅϾЂΝϼЅϾЇЅІ϶Ђ,ΝϼЀϴΝЀЁЂϷЂΝЅЃϹЊϼЈϼЋЁЂЅІϼ.ΝϣЄϼЀϹОЇЛϹΝЅϹΝЁϴΝЅІЂІϼЁϹΝЁϹЂϵϼЋ-
ЁϼЉΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴ.ΝϡϹϻϴϵϹϿϹϺϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЇΝϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЀΝЃϴΝϼΝЛЇϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϹЁ-
ЅϾϼЀΝЂϾ϶ϼЄϼЀϴΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴΝϷϿЇЀϴЊϴΝ(ϔϿϹϾЅϴЁϸЄϴΝϪ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼОϴ,ΝύЂ϶ϴ-
ЁϴΝϦϴЁϼОϴ,ΝЋϿϴЁЂ϶ϴΝІЄЇЃϹΝЃЂϻЂЄϼЌІϹΝ ΝϫЇϾϴЄϼЊϴ...),ΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼ-
ЛϴΝ ЅϹϾЄϹІϴЄϴΝ ϪЄ϶ϹЁЂϷΝ ϾЄЅІϴΝ ϣϹІЄϴΝ ϛϹЊϴ,Ν ЅІЄϼЃ-ЊЄІϴЋϴΝ ϖϹМϾϴΝ ϞЂЊϾϴЄϴ,Ν
ϾϴЄϼϾϴІЇЄϼЅІКΝ (ϘЄϴϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϴΝ ϥІЂЛϴЁЂ϶ϼОϴ),Ν ϴϾϴϸϹЀЅϾЂϷΝ ЅϿϼϾϴЄϴΝ ϼΝ ϸϹϾϴЁϴΝ
ϦϹЉЁϼЋϾЂϷΝ ЈϴϾЇϿІϹІϴΝ ϕЄϴЁϾϴΝ ϣЂЃЂ϶ϼОϴ,Ν ЃЄЂЈϹЅЂЄϴΝ ϣЄϴ϶ЁЂϷΝ ЈϴϾЇϿІϹІϴΝ
ϜϿϼЛϹΝϣЄϺϼОϴΝϼΝϸЄ.ΝϧΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝЅЇΝЋϴϾΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼΝϼΝЁϹϾϼΝЅϴЂϵЄϴОϴЛЁϼΝϼΝЄϹЋ-
ЁϼΝЃЂϿϼЊϴЛЊϼ.ΝϥІЄϹМϴЁϼΝЅЇΝϵϹϻΝЅЇϸϴΝЀЁЂϷϼΝЂϵϼЋЁϼΝЋϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЊϼΝϡϹϸϼОϹ϶ϼЉΝ
ЃЄϼ϶ЄϹϸЁϼЉΝ ϼΝ ЅЂЊϼЛϴϿЁϼЉΝ ЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄЅІ϶ϴΝ (ЁЃЄ.Ν ϸЄΝ ϠϼϿϴЁΝ ϩЂЄ϶ϴІЅϾϼ,Ν
ЅІЄЇЋНϴϾΝϻϴΝЈϼЁϴЁЅϼЛϹ,ΝϻϴЃЂЅϿϹЁΝЇΝЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄЅІ϶ЇΝЂϸΝ1935)ΝϸЂϾΝЅЇΝЇΝϨЄϴЁ-
ЊЇЅϾЂЛΝϼΝϡϹЀϴЋϾЂЛΝЋϴϾΝЀϼЁϼЅІЄϼΝЈϼЁϴЁЅϼЛϴΝ(ЁЃЄ.Νϩ.ΝϬϴЉІ)ΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЉΝЅЂЊϼ-
ЛϴϿЁϼЉΝ ЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄЅІϴ϶ϴΝ ϸЂϵϼϿϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЅϾЇΝ ϾϴϻЁЇΝ ϴΝ ЁϼϺϼΝ ЋϼЁЂ϶ЁϼЊϼΝ
ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЁϼЅЇΝЇЂЃЌІϹΝЁϼΝЅЇђϹЁϼ.ΝΝ
ϧϻϼЀϴЛЇОϼΝ ЇΝ ЂϵϻϼЄΝ ЇϾЇЃЁЇΝ ϻϴЅІЇЃМϹЁЂЅІΝ ЂϸЄϹђϹЁϼЉΝ ϾϴІϹϷЂЄϼЛϴΝ ЇΝ
ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ЇΝ϶ϼϸϼΝЅϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЇΝЅЂЊϼЛϴϿЁЂЀΝЅЀϼЅϿЇΝЁϴΝЀϹІϼΝϵϼЂΝϼЀЇОЁϼЛϼΝϼΝ
ЂϵЄϴϻЂ϶ϴЁϼЛϼΝЅϿЂЛΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ϴ.ΝϠϹђЇΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЀϴΝ϶ϹОϼΝЛϹΝЇϸϹЂΝЇЄϵϴ-
ЁЂϷΝϼΝ϶ϴЄЂЌϾЂϷΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ϴ,Ν„ϵЇЄϺЂϴϻϼЛϹ“,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝ„ϾЇϿϴϾϴ“ΝЁϴΝЅϹϿЇΝ(ϾЀϹ-
ІЂ϶ϴ,ΝЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾϴΝЂЃЌІϼЁϴ,ΝЅ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼϾϴ).ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝЅІЄЇϾІЇЄϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉ,ΝЁϴΝ
ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϸЂΝ ЅϴϸϴΝ ЂϵЄϴђϹЁЂϷΝ ЀϴІϹЄϼЛϴϿϴ,Ν ЀЂϺϹΝ ЅϹΝ ЄϹОϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЅЃϹЊϼЈϼЋЁЂЅІΝ
74Ν
ϥЄϵϼЛϹ,Ν ЇΝ ЂϸЁЂЅЇΝ ЁϴΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴНϴΝ ЇΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼ,Ν ЁϹЀϹЄМϼ϶ЂΝ ϶ϹОϼΝ ЇϸϹЂΝ

Њϼ϶ϼϿЁЂϷΝ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼЌІ϶ϴΝ ЇΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴНЇΝ (ЇΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂЃϼЅϴЁЂΝ Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ
10–15ΣΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ЂϸΝ 20ΣΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ЁϹϾϼЉΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЉΝ
ЈЂЄЀϴЊϼЛϴ).ΝϧΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЅЇΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϴΝϿϼЊϴΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЅϴΝЃЄϹϵϼ϶ϴϿϼЌІϹЀΝϼϻΝ
ЅϴЀϼЉΝЂϾЄЇϷϴΝϼΝЂϾЂϿЁϼЉΝЀϹЅІϴΝϴΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀϴΝЛϹΝ϶ЂђϹЁϴΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϴΝϹ϶ϼϸϹЁ-
ЊϼЛϴΝ ЃϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϼϸϹЁІϼЈϼϾϴЊϼЛϴΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ ЅІЂϷϴΝ ϻЁϴІЁЂΝ ЂϿϴϾЌϴЁϴ,Ν ϻϴΝ
ЄϴϻϿϼϾЇΝЂϸΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϹ.ΝϧΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЅЇΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ϶ЄЌϼϿϹΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϹΝ
ϢϻЁϹΝϼΝЃЂЅϹϵЁϹΝЛϹϸϼЁϼЊϹΝϞϡϢύ-ϴ,ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝІЂΝЀϴЉЂЀΝЋϼЁϼϿϴΝ϶ЂЛ-
ЅϾϴ.Ν ϦϴЛЁϹΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝ ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϹΝ ЂϵϼЀЂЀΝ ЅЇΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ϼΝ ϼЀϴЛЇΝ ЁϴЛ-
ЋϹЌОϹ,ΝЃЄϹЀϴΝЁϴЌϼЀΝЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴ,ΝϼϻЀϹђЇΝ100ΝϼΝ200ΝϿϼЊϴΝ(ϼϻЇϻϹІϴϾΝЛϹΝ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴ-
ІЁЂΝϟϼЅϼЋϼЛϼΝЃЂІЂϾΝЇΝϕϹЂϷЄϴϸЇΝϼΝЀЂϺϸϴΝЛЂЌΝЃϴЄΝϿЂϾϴЊϼЛϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ).ΝΝ
а а а а а .Ν ϣЂϸϴЊϼΝ ϼϻΝ ϵϴϻϹΝ
ϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЀϹђЇΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЀϴΝ ϸЂЅІϴΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ ϼЅЃЂϸΝ 18Ν ϷЂϸϼЁϴ,Ν
4.636Ν(11Σ),ΝЇϻΝІϴϾЂђϹΝϼϻЇϻϹІЁЂΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϼΝϵЄЂЛΝϺϹЁϴΝϼΝЅІϴЄϴЊϴΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ66ΝϷЂϸϼ-
ЁϴΝ–Ν8.611Ν(20Σ).ΝϦЂΝЛϹΝЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝϻϵЂϷΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϹΝЅЀЄІЁЂЅІϼΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝЇΝϖЂЛ-
϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ ЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝ ЂІЃЂЄЁϹΝ ЃЂЃЇϿϴЊϼЛϹΝ ЁϴΝ ϾϿϼЀϴІЅϾϹΝ ЇЅϿЂ϶Ϲ,Ν ϷϿϴϸ,Ν ϵЂϿϹЅІΝ ϼΝ
ϸЄЇϷϹΝЅЇЄЂ϶ϹΝϿЂϷЂЄϴЌϾϹΝЂϾЂϿЁЂЅІϼ.ΝϡϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝЛϹΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЃЄϹЀϴΝϿЂϷЂЄϴЌ-
ϾϼЀΝ ϾНϼϷϴЀϴΝ ІЂϾЂЀΝ ϻϼЀϹΝ 1945/1946.Ν ϡϴЛϵЄЂЛЁϼЛϴΝ ЅІϴЄЂЅЁϴΝ ϷЄЇЃϴΝ ЛϹΝ 46–65Ν
ϷЂϸϼЁϴ,Ν НϼЉΝ 13.911Ν (33Σ);Ν ϻϴІϼЀΝ 31–45Ν ϷЂϸϼЁϴ,Ν ЂϾЂΝ 8.401Ν (21Σ),Ν ϼΝ 18–31Ν
ϷЂϸϼЁϴΝ 6.812Ν (11Σ).Ν ϬІЂΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЂϿϴΝ ІϼЋϹ,Ν ЇΝ ϵϴϻϼΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϾЂΝ 30ΣΝ ϺϹЁϴ.Ν ϢϷЄЂЀЁϴΝ
϶ϹОϼЁϴΝЛϹΝЅІЄϸϴϿϴΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴ,ΝϴΝЇϵϹϸМϼ϶ЂΝЛϹΝЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝϡϹЀϼЊϴΝ(ЂϾЂΝ14.500).Ν
ϗϿϹϸϴЁЂΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ ЃЂϿЇ,Ν ЇΝ ϵϴϻϼΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϿϼϻЇΝ 17.000Ν ϺϹЁϴΝ (ЌІЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЂϾЂΝ 30Σ)Ν ϼΝ ІЂΝ
ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ϡϹЀϼЊϴΝ ЇΝ ϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝ ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝ (ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ 90ΣΝ ЂϸΝ
Ѕ϶ϼЉΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝϺϹЁϴ).ΝϨЄϴЃϴЁІЁϴΝЛϹΝЋϼНϹЁϼЊϴ,ΝϵϹϻΝЂϵϻϼЄϴΝЁϴΝІЂΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝІЂΝ
϶ϹОϼЀΝϸϹϿЂЀΝЃЂЅϿϹϸϼЊϴΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЅϴНϴ,ΝϸϴΝϻϵϼЄΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝϺϹЁϴΝ(ЂϾЂΝ17.000),Ν
ϸϹЊϹΝ (4.600)Ν ϼΝ ЅІϴЄϴЊϴΝ (8.600)Ν ϸЂЅϹϺϹΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЂϸΝ ЂϾЂΝ 30.000Ν ϺЄІϴ϶ϴ,Ν ЌІЂΝ ЛϹΝ
ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ54ΣΝЅ϶ϼЉΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЂϸΝЅЁϴϷϴΝϡϢϖύΝЃЂЅϿϹΝ12.ΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944.Ν
Ν
75Ν
а а а а ?
Ν
ϡϴΝ ϾЄϴЛЇΝ ЃЂІЄϹϵЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЄϹОϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЇΝ ϵϴϻϼΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЁϹϸЂЅІϴЛϹ,Ν ЃЄϹЀϴΝ
ЁϴЌϼЀΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϴЀϴ,ΝЂІЃЄϼϿϼϾϹΝ20–25ΣΝϿϼЊϴ.ΝϛϴЌІЂ?ΝύϹϸЁϼЀΝϸϹϿЂЀΝϻϵЂϷΝ϶ϹОΝ
ЃЂЀϹЁЇІϹΝЁϹЃЂІЃЇЁЂЅІϼΝЃЄϹϷϿϹϸϴЁϹΝϷЄϴђϹΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϵϹϻϵϹϸЁЂЅІϼΝϻϴΝЃЂЛϹϸϼ-
ЁϹΝ ЂϾЄЇϷϹΝ ϼΝ ϷЄϴϸЂ϶ϹΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼ.Ν ϘЄЇϷЂ,Ν ϻϵЂϷΝ ЅЃϹЊϼЈϼЋЁЂЅІϼΝ ЄϹІЂЄϻϼЛϹΝ ЁϴΝ
ІϹЄϹЁЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϹ,ΝϕЂЅЁϹ,ΝϞЂЅЂ϶ϴΝϼΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝЇΝЃЂЅϿϹϸНϼЀΝЀϹЅϹЊϼЀϴΝЃЂϸΝ
϶ЂЛЁЂЀΝЇЃЄϴ϶ЂЀΝϼΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЉΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝϾЂЛϹΝЛϹΝЁϹЀЂ-
ϷЇОϹΝЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁЂΝЃЂЃϼЅϴІϼ.ΝϜЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝϻϴΝІϴЛЁϹΝϷЄЂ-
ϵЁϼЊϹΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ 12.Ν ЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ 1944.Ν ЅІЂϷϴΝ ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ЁϹΝ ЂϵЇЉ϶ϴІϴЛЇΝ ϸЂΝ ϾЄϴЛϴΝ
ЅІЄϴϸϴНϹΝ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴΝЅϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϹΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЅϹΝЃЂ϶ϿϴЋϼϿϼΝЃЄϹ-
ЀϴΝϕЂЅЁϼΝϼΝϸϹϿЂЀΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝϼΝЃЂЅϿϹΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝ(ЀϴЛ–
ЛЇЁΝ1945.)ΝϧΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝЛϹΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁϴΝЁϴЛ϶ϹОϴΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϴΝϼΝЁϹЅϹϿϹϾІϼ϶ЁϴΝЂϸЀϴϻ-
ϸϴΝ ЁϴϸΝ ЄϴІЁϼЀΝ ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼЊϼЀϴ,Ν ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼЀϴΝ ЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϼЉΝ ϴЁІϼϾЂЀЇЁϼЅ-
ІϼЋϾϼЉΝϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝЈЂЄЀϴЊϼЛϴ.ΝϠϹђЇΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЀϴΝЛϹΝϼΝЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝ
ЂϾЂΝ 3.000Ν ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝ (МЂІϼОϹ϶Њϼ,Ν ЁϹϸϼОϹ϶Њϼ,Ν ЂЅІϴЊϼΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ύϖЇϢ)Ν ϼΝ
Њϼ϶ϼϿϴΝ ЅϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϹΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.ΝϢЅϼЀΝ ϵЄЂЛЋϴЁϼЉΝϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϴΝЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ
ЅϴΝ ІϹЄϹЁϴΝ (ϸϹЃϹЌϹΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЉΝ ϾЂЀϴЁϸϴЁϴІϴ)Ν ЁϹΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϼΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻϴЁΝ ЅЃϼЅϴϾΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ
ЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЇΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼΝ(ϾНϼϷϴΝϼΝЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϴΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉ)ΝϾϴϾ϶ϼΝЅЇΝЃЄЂЁϴђϹЁϼΝ
ЇΝϴЄЉϼ϶ϴЀϴΝϢϻЁϹΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ1944–1945.ΝϟϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝЅЇΝЄϴђϹЁϹΝЃЂΝϸЄЇϷϴЋϼЛЂЛΝ
ЀϹІЂϸЂϿЂϷϼЛϼΝϼΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁϹΝϹ϶ϼϸϹЁЊϼЛϹ.ΝΝ
ϦϴϾЂђϹΝ ЁϹΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϹΝ ϸЂ϶ЂМЁЂΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϴΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ЁϼІϼΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ЅϾϼΝ
ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼΝЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϼΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝύϖЇϢΝЁϴΝϛϹϿϹЁ-
ϷЂЄϼΝ ЀϴЛϴΝ 1945.Ν ϧΝ ϼϻ϶ЂЄϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄϼΝ ЅϹΝ Ёϴ϶ЂϸϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЇϾЇЃϴЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЂϸΝ
ЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝ6.000ΝϿϼЊϴΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉ,ΝЄϴНϹЁϼЉΝϼΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼЉΝ(϶ϹОϼЁЂЀΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴ-
ЁϼЉ)ΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴΝύϖЇϢΝЃϴΝЁϼЛϹΝЀЂϷЇОϹΝЇІ϶ЄϸϼІϼΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝϿϼϾ-
϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЂϸ϶ЂЛϼІϼΝϷϴΝЂϸΝϵЄЂЛϴΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЇΝϵЂЄϵϼ.ΝϛЁϴΝЅϹΝ
ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЂϸΝ ЊϹϿϹΝ ЛЇϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϹЁЅϾϹΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϹΝ ЅϴΝ ϘЄϴϺЂЀΝ ϠϼЉϴϼϿЂ϶ϼОϹЀΝ ϼϻ϶ЇϾϿЂΝ ϼϻΝ
ЂϵЄЇЋϴΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝЂϾЂΝ400ΝЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼϾϴ.74ΝϖϼϸϹϿϼΝЅЀЂΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЇΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼЀϴΝϢϻЁϹΝ
ϻϴΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁЇΝЅЇЀϴЄЁЂΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЂϾЂΝ5.000ΝϿϼЊϴΝЅІЄϹМϴϿϴΝ϶ЂЛЅϾϴΝЇΝϖЂЛ-
϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝϻϴΝ϶ЄϹЀϹΝϖЂЛЁϹΝЇЃЄϴ϶ϹΝ(ЂϾІЂϵϴЄΝ1944.Ν–ΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄΝ1945).75ΝϥϿϼЋЁЂΝЛϹΝ
ϵϼϿЂΝ ϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϸϹЌϴ϶ϴНϼЀϴΝ ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ϞЂЅЂ϶ϴΝ ЇΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹΝ ЃЂϵЇЁϹΝ ϔϿϵϴЁϴЊϴΝ
(,,ϧЅІϴЁϴϾΝϬϴϵϴЁϴΝϣЂϿЇϺϹ“)ΝϾЄϴЛϹЀΝ1944.ΝϼΝЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝ1945,ΝϻϴΝϾЂЛϴΝЅϹΝЛЂЌΝ
Ї϶ϹϾΝЁϹΝЄϴЅЃЂϿϴϺϹΝЃЂІЃЇЁЂΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼЀΝЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴΝϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЛϹΝМЇϸϼΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼ-
ЄϴЁЂΝ ϼΝ ЃЂΝ ϾЂЛЂЛΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ϼ,Ν ϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴ,Ν ϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ.Ν ϧЂЃЌІϹЁЂΝ ЅϹΝ
ЃЂЀϼНϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝϹϿϼЀϼЁϼЅϴЁЂΝЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЉϼМϴϸϴΝЃЂϵЇНϹЁϼϾϴΝ(ϸЂΝ5.000),ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝ
74
ΝϠϼϿϴЁΝϦϹЄϻϼО,Ν,,ϗЇϵϼЊϼΝЋϹІЁϼϾϴΝϘЄϴϺϹΝϠϼЉϴϼϿЂ϶ϼОϴΝЁϴΝϛϹϿϹЁϷЂЄϼΝϼΝϥЇІЛϹЅЊϼ“,Ν ј -
ј Ν2/2011,Ν74–82.Ν-ΝЂϼϿϴЅΝЁϴ϶ЂϸϼΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϹОЇΝϵЄЂЛϾЇΝЇΝЅ϶ЂЛϼЀΝЀϹЀЂϴЄϼЀϴΝ
ІЛ.Ν ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϴΝ ϛϹϿϹЁϷЂЄϼΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ 7.000Ν ϿϼЊϴΝ ϴΝ ЅЃϴЅϼϿЂΝ ЅϹΝ Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ 400.Ν MТХШvКЧΝ
ĐТХКs,ΝRevolucionarni rat,Ν(BОШРrКН,Ν1990).Ν
75
Νϔϥ,ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ,Ν75,ΝϣЄϹϷϿϹϸΝЇЉϴЃЌϹЁϼЉ,ΝЃЄЂЌϿϼЉΝϾЄЂϻΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄΝϼΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЂϸΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹ-
НϴΝϸЂΝ20.Ν6.Ν1945.ΝϷЂϸϼЁϹΝЁϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹ.Ν
76Ν
Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ-ЛϴІϴϾϴ.Ν ϧΝ ϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϼϻЁЂЅϹΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϵЄЂЛЋϴЁϼΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ

ϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϴΝ ЅϴΝ ІϹЄϹЁϴ,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ϸЂΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϼЉΝ ЅЃϼЅϾЂ϶ϴΝ ϼΝ ϾНϼϷϴΝ ЅϹΝ ϸЂΝ ЅϴϸϴΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ
ϸЂЌϿЂ.Ν ϧΝ ЂϾЂϿЁЂЅІϼΝ ЃЄϴ϶ЂϷΝ ,,ЀϴϿЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴ“Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЛϹΝ ϶ЂђϹЁΝ ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ
ϞЂЅЂ϶ϴ,Ν ϕЂЅЁϹΝ ϼΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϹ,Ν ЁϴЛ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁϼЛϹΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЃЂϼЀϹЁϼЋЁϼЉΝ Ϲ϶ϼϸϹЁЊϼЛϴ,Ν
ІϹЌϾЂΝϸϴΝОϹΝЅϹΝϼϾϴϸΝЁϴЃЄϴ϶ϼІϼΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻϴЁΝЃЂЃϼЅΝЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝ
ϻϴЄЂϵМϹЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴ,ΝϴΝϾϴЀЂϿϼΝЄϴϻϷЄϴЁϼЋϼІϼΝЁϹ϶ϼЁϼΝЂϸΝЅІ϶ϴЄЁϼЉΝϾЄϼ϶ϴ-
Њϴ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЅІϹЃϹЁΝЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄЁЂЅІϼΝϼΝЃЄϼЀϹЄϹЁЂЅІΝϾϴϻЁϼ.76ΝΝ
ϡϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϶ϼЌϹϷЂϸϼЌНϼЉΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ЅϾϼЉΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴ,Ν ЇϻϼЀϴЛЇОϼΝ ЇΝ
ЂϵϻϼЄΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЀЁЂϷϴΝϿϼЊϴΝϼϻΝЂϵЛϹϾІϼ϶ЁϼЉΝЄϴϻϿЂϷϴΝϻϴΝЅϴϸϴΝϼЅЃЇЌІϹЁϴΝϼϻΝЃЂЃϼ-
ЅϴΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹ,ΝϵЄЂЛΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЂϸΝЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІϼЉΝ϶ϼϸЂ϶ϴΝ,,ЋϼЌОϹНϴ“ΝЃЂΝ
ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝІЂϾЂЀΝ1944.ΝϼΝ1945.ΝЁϹΝϵϼΝЀЂϷϴЂΝϵϼІϼΝЀЁЂϷЂΝЀϴНϼΝЂϸΝ
70.000.ΝϢϸΝІЂϷϴΝϸϼЄϹϾІЁЂΝЅІЄϹМϴНϹЀΝШϾЂΝ35.000,ΝЀϴНϹΝЂϸΝ3.000ΝЂЅЇϸϴЀϴΝЁϴΝ
ЅЀЄІΝϼΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ35.000ΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЅϴНϹЀΝϼΝЁϴΝϸЄЇϷϹΝЁϴЋϼЁϹ,ΝϴΝЇΝЊϹϿЂЛΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ-
϶ϼЛϼΝЂϾЂΝ150.000ΝϿϼЊϴ,ΝЂϸΝЋϹϷϴΝЂϾЂΝ100.000ΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϴЄЂϵМϹ-
ЁϼϾϴΝϼΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴ,Ν5.000ΝЂЅЇϸϴЀϴΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϼΝЂϾЂΝ50.000ΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼЉΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝϼΝ
ЁϴΝϸЄЇϷϹΝЁϴЋϼЁϹ.77ΝΝ
ђ а а ч а а
в а Ј ав
Ν
ϧΝ ϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЂЁϴϿЁЂЀΝ ЅЀϼЅϿЇΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϹΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϴΝ ЁϴϾЂЁΝ ЃϹЄϼЂϸϴΝ
њ Ν(ЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϸЂΝЃЂϿЂ϶ϼЁϹΝЈϹϵЄЇϴЄϴΝ1945,ΝЇΝϻϴЃϴϸЁϼЀΝϾЄϴЛϹ-
϶ϼЀϴΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝІϹϾΝЂϸΝЀϴЛϴΝ1945)ΝЃЄϹЃЇЌІϹЁЂΝЛϹΝϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϴЀϴ:ΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼ-
ЀϴΝϼΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴЀϴ.ΝϢЁϼΝЅЇΝЇΝ϶ϹϿϼϾЂЛΝЀϹЄϼΝϵϼϿϼΝϼЁЅІЄЇЀϹЁІϴϿϼϻЂ϶ϴЁϼΝϼΝЃЂϸΝ
ЃЂІЃЇЁЂЀΝ ЃϴЄІϼЛЅϾЂЀΝ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿЂЀ.Ν ϙϾЅЃϿЂϴІϼЌЇОϼΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼϻϴЀ,Ν ЇΝ ЃЄ϶ϼЀΝ
76
ΝϡϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝϞЂЅЂ϶ϴΝЅϹΝЃЂЅϿϹΝ24.ΝЛϴЁЇϴЄϴΝ1945.Ν϶ЂϸϼЂΝЃЄϴ϶ϼΝЀϴϿϼΝЄϴІΝЇϻΝϴЁϷϴϺЂ϶ϴНϹΝЂϾЂΝ
40.000Ν ϶ЂЛЁϼϾϴΝ ϡϢϖΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ЂϾЂΝ 20.000-30.000Ν ЇЅІϴЁϼϾϴΝ ЃЂϸΝ ϶ЂђЅІ϶ЂЀΝ ϬϴϵϴЁϴΝ ϣЂϿЇϺϹ.Ν
ϗЇϵϼЊϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЅІЄϴЁϼΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϹΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ ЀϴϿϼ.Ν ϗЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЂΝ 650Ν ЃЂϷϼЁЇϿϼЉ,Ν 1.360Ν ЄϴНϹЁϼЉΝ ϼΝ
1.256ΝЁϹЅІϴϿϼЉ.ΝϡϹЛϴЅЁЂΝЛϹΝϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЛϹΝЇϾЇЃЁЂΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿЂΝЁϴΝЃЂϵЇНϹЁϼЋϾЂЛΝЅІЄϴЁϼ.ΝϞ.ΝϡϼϾЂ-
ϿϼО,Νϥ.ΝϪ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν ј 20 ,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν2014),Ν273;Ν
ϕ.ΝϘϼЀϼІЄϼЛϹ϶ϼО,ΝГ ђ ,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν2003),Ν94–108.Ν
77
Νϛ϶ϴЁϼЋϴЁΝЃЂЃϼЅΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝϘЄЇϷЂϷΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂϷΝЄϴІϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЅЃЄЂ϶ϹϸϹЁΝЃЂЀЂОЇΝϵЂЄϴЋϾϼЉΝЂЄϷϴЁϼ-
ϻϴЊϼЛϴΝ1964.ΝϸЂЌϴЂΝЛϹΝϸЂΝ147.000ΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЇΝЊϹϿЂЛΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ,ΝϸЂϾΝЃЄЂЄϴЋЇЁΝϕ.ΝϞЂЋЂ϶ϼ-
ОϴΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝ ЂΝ 227.000.Ν ϧΝ ІЂЛΝ ЄϴϻϿϼЊϼΝ ІЄϹϵϴΝ ЀЂϺϸϴΝ ІЄϴϺϼІϼΝ ЁϴЛ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁϼЛϹΝ ϼϻΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ
ЄϴϻϿЂϷϴΝЁϹЃЂЃϼЅϴЁϹΝϺЄІ϶ϹΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНϴΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.ΝϔϾЂΝЅϹΝЇϻЀЇΝЇΝЂϵϻϼЄΝϼΝЅІЄϴϸϴНϴΝЁϴΝ
ϥЄϹЀЅϾЂЀΝ ЈЄЂЁІЇ,Ν ІϹΝ ЁϴЌϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ „ϸϼ϶МϹϷΝ ЋϼЌОϹНϴ“Ν ϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ЇϾЇЃЁϼЉΝ ЄϴІ-
ЁϼЉΝ ϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝ ϕ.Ν ϞЂЋЂ϶ϼОϴΝ ЂϸΝ 227.000Ν ϻϴΝ ЊϹϿЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛЇ,Ν ϸЂϿϴϻϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϸЂΝ ϻϴϾМЇЋϾϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ
30ΣΝЅ϶ϼЉΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЃϴϿЂΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЂϾІЂϵЄϴΝ1944,ΝϸЂϾΝϵϼΝЁϴΝЁϼ϶ЂЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝ
ІϴЛΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϴІΝ ϵϼЂΝ ϸϴϿϹϾЂΝ ЁϼϺϼΝ ϼΝ ϾЄϹІϴЂΝ ϵϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЂϾЂΝ 15-20ΣΝ (ЂϸЁЂЅЁЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ 150.000Ν ЂϸΝ ЂϾЂΝ
ЀϼϿϼЂЁΝЇϾЇЃЁϼЉΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴ).ΝϣЂΝІЂЛΝЅІϴІϼЅІϼЊϼΝЅЀЄІϼ,ΝϺЄІ϶ϹΝЃЂЄϴІЁϼЉΝЃϴЄІϼϻϴЁЅϾϼЉΝЋϼЅІϾϼΝ
ЁϴϿϴϻϹΝЅϹΝЃЂΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЂϸЀϴЉΝϼϻϴΝЇЅІϴЌϾϼЉΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝϼΝЄϴЀϹΝЇϻΝЄϴЀϹΝЅϴΝЁϹЀϴЋϾϼЀ,ΝЅΝІϼЀΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЁϴΝ
ϞЂЅЂ϶ЇΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼΝЇΝЂϷЄЂЀЁЂЛΝ϶ϹОϼЁϼΝϔϿϵϴЁЊϼ,ΝЇΝЇϺЂЛΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϥЄϵϼ-ЁϹϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼΝϴΝЇΝϖЂЛ϶Ђ-
ϸϼЁϼΝϡϹЀЊϼ.ΝϖϼЌϹΝЇ:ΝϘ.ΝϖЄЇЋϼЁϼО,Ν ј
XX ,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ,Ν2007);ΝB.ΝKШčШvТΕ,ΝDemografski gubici u Drugom svetskom ratu,Ν(LШЧ-
НШЧ,Ν 1985);Ν V.Ν ŽОrУКvТΕ,Ν „DОЦШРrКПsФТΝ ТΝ rКtЧТΝ РuЛТМТΝ HrvКtsФОΝ uΝ IIΝ svОtsФШЦΝ rКtuΝ ТΝ pШrКΕu“,Ν
ČSP,ΝЛr.Ν3,Ν(ГКРrОЛ,Ν1995).Ν
77Ν
ϷЂϸϼЁϴЀϴΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇ,Ν϶ϿϴЅІΝЛϹΝЃЄϹϾЂΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝϻϴΝЅЇђϹНϹΝЄϴІ-
ЁϼЀΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЅϴЄϴϸЁϼЊϼЀϴΝ ЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴΝ ϼΝ ЇϻΝ ЀЂЁЂЃЂϿΝ ЁϴϸΝ ЅЇϸЅІ϶ЂЀΝ ϼΝ
ϴЃϴЄϴІЂЀΝЅϼϿϹ,ΝЃЂЄϹϸΝϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϴΝЅІ϶ϴЄЁϼЉΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁϴІϴ,ΝϹϿϼ-
ЀϼЁϼЅϴϿϴΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹΝϼΝϾϿϴЅЁϹΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϹΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹ.ΝϦϹЌϾЂΝЛϹΝЇЅІϴЁЂ϶ϼІϼΝ
ЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝϿϼЊϴΝϾЂЛϴΝЅЇΝЂЅЇђϹЁϴΝЃЄϹϸΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝϼΝ
ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇ,Ν ЄϴϸϼΝ ЅϹΝ Ѕ϶ϴϾϴϾЂΝ ЂΝ ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ϸϹЅϹІϼЁϴΝ ЉϼМϴϸϴΝ ЇΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ.Ν
ύЂЌΝЛϹΝІϹϺϹΝЄϴϻϿЇЋϼІϼΝϼЅІϼЁЅϾϹΝϾЄϼ϶ЊϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝϻϴЅϿЇϺϼ϶ϴϿϼΝЅЀЄІΝϼΝЂЅЇϸЇΝЂϸΝ
ЂЁϼЉΝϾЂЛϼЀϴΝЅЇΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝЄϹϺϼЄϴЁϼΝϼϻΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϼЉΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЉΝЄϴϻϿЂϷϴ.ΝΝ
ϢϸΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾϴΝ 1945.Ν ЇΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЃЂЋϹϿϼΝ ЅϴΝ ЄϴϸЂЀΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЋϴЅІϼ,Ν
϶ЂЛЁϼΝ ϼΝ Њϼ϶ϼϿЁϼ.Ν ϥϴЀЂΝ ЅЇΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЂЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ ϸЂΝ 1953.Ν ϶ϼЌϹΝ ϸϹЅϹІϼЁϴΝ
ЉϼМϴϸϴΝϿϼЊϴΝϻϵЂϷΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹΝϼΝЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϴ.ΝϜЁІϹЄЁϹΝЅІϴІϼЅІϼϾϹΝЁϴЀΝ
ϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЂЁϼΝ1945–1948.ΝϸЂЁϹϿϼΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϹΝϻϴΝЂϾЂΝ79.949ΝϿϼЊϴΝЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ-
϶ϼЛϼ,ΝϴΝЃЄЂЊϹНЇЛϹΝЅϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЂІЃЄϼϿϼϾϹΝЃЂϿЂ϶ϼЁϴΝЂϸΝІЂϷϴΝЅϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϹΝϥЄϵϼ-
ЛϹ.ΝϡϴЄϴ϶ЁЂΝІЇΝІЄϹϵϴΝϸЂϸϴІϼΝЛЂЌΝЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝϸϹЅϹІϼЁϴΝЉϼМϴϸϴΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉΝЃЄϹϸΝ
Њϼ϶ϼϿЁϼЀΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϼΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝЋϴЅІϼΝЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝϼΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ,ΝϷϸϹΝϻϴΝЅϴϸϴΝ
ϼϻЂЅІϴЛЇΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϹΝ ЅІϴІϼЅІϼϾϹ.Ν ϥЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЋϴЅІϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ ϻϴΝ ϵϿϴϺϹΝ ЂϵϿϼϾϹΝ
ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹΝϾϴϻЁЂЀΝϸЂΝ10ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϴ,ΝЇϻΝϼϻЂЃЌІϹНϹΝϼϻΝЛϴ϶ЁЂϷΝϺϼ϶ЂІϴΝ
ϼΝ ϾЂЁЈϼЅϾϴЊϼЛЇΝ ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹ.78Ν ϣЄϹЀϴΝ ЛϹϸЁЂЀΝ ϼЁІϹЄЁЂЀΝ ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІЇΝ ϶ЂЛЅϾϹ,Ν ЂϸΝ
1945.Ν ϸЂΝ 1976.Ν ϶ЂЛЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЇϾЇЃЁЂΝ ϼϻЄϹϾϿϼΝ 6.685Ν ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ ЂϸΝ
ЋϹϷϴΝ6.663ΝϸЂΝ1953.Ν(98Σ).ΝϦϴЋЁϼЛϹΝЄϹЋϹЁЂ,ΝЅϴЀЂΝ1945.ΝϼΝ1946.ΝϼϻЄϹЋϹЁЂΝЛϹΝ
5.996ΝϼϿϼΝЂϾЂΝ90ΣΝЅ϶ϼЉΝЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝϾϴϻЁϼΝЇΝЃЂЅϿϹЄϴІЁЂЀΝЃϹЄϼЂϸЇ.ΝϕϹϻΝЃЄϹЀЊϴΝ
ЛϹΝ1945.ΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝЅϴΝЋϴϾΝ5.484ΝЂЅЇђϹЁϴΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝ(ЂϸΝІЂϷϴΝ4.864ΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϴ).ΝϡϹΝϻЁϴΝ
ЅϹΝІϴЋЁЂΝϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЛϹΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϴΝϼΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁЂ,ΝϴϿϼΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЇЂЋϹЁϹΝІϹЁϸϹЁЊϼЛϹΝ
ЁϴΝЀϴНϹЀΝЇϻЂЄϾЇ,ΝЂϾЂΝ70-80Σ,ΝЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝЂϾЂΝ4.000.79ΝΝ
ϣЂЅІЂЛϹΝϹϷϻϴϾІЁϼΝЃЂϸϴЊϼΝЇΝϴЄЉϼ϶ϴЀϴΝЂΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЂϸϿЇϾϴΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϾЂЀϼ-
ЅϼЛϹΝЂΝЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϹНЇΝϿϼЊϴΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϹΝϼϿϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁІϹ,ΝϴϿϼΝЁϹΝϼΝЃЄϹ-
ЊϼϻЁϴΝЅІϴІϼЅІϼϾϴΝЂΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉΝϿϼЊϴ.ΝϢ϶ϴΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝЛϹΝЇϻΝЂЅϿЂЁΝЁϴΝЄϹЃЇ-
ϵϿϼЋϾϴΝ ϼΝ ϿЂϾϴϿЁϴΝ ІϹϿϴΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ϻϴЀϼЌМϹЁϴΝ ϾϴЂΝ Ѕ϶ЂЛ϶ЄЅЁϼΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺЁϼΝ ЂЄϷϴЁΝ ϻϴΝ
ЃЄϼϾЇЃМϴНϹΝϸЂϾϴϻϴΝϾϴЂΝЅϹЄ϶ϼЅΝІЇϺϼϿϴЌІ϶ϼЀϴΝϼΝϢϻЁϼ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝЁϹЃЂІЃЇЁϼЀΝ
ЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴ,ΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁЂЛΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϼ,ΝϻϹЀϴМЅϾЂЛΝϼΝЅ϶ϼЀΝϸЄЇϷϼЀΝϼЅІЄϴϺЁϼЀΝЂЄϷϴ-
ЁϼЀϴΝ ϸЂЅІϴ϶МϹЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ 938.828Ν ЃЄϼЛϴ϶ϴΝ ЂΝ ЄϴІЁϼЀΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴ.Ν
ϡϴЃЄϴ϶МϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЂϾЂΝ550.000ΝϻϴЃϼЅЁϼϾϴΝЅϴΝЅϴЅϿЇЌϴНϴΝЅ϶ϹϸЂϾϴΝϼΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЉ,Ν
ЃЄЂЁϴђϹЁЂΝЛϹΝЂϾЂΝ20.000ΝЂЄϼϷϼЁϴϿЁϼЉΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁϴІϴΝϼϻΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМЅϾϼЉΝϼϻ϶Ђ-
Єϴ,Ν϶ϼЌϹΝЉϼМϴϸϴΝЈЂІЂϷЄϴЈϼЛϴΝЂΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϼЀϴΝϼΝНϼЉЂ϶ϼЀΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϼЂЊϼЀϴ,ΝЃЄϼ-
ϾЇЃМϹЁΝ ЂϵϼЀϴЁΝ ϼЁЈЂЄЀϴЊϼЂЁЂ-ϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϴЊϼЂЁϼΝ ЀϴІϹЄϼЛϴϿΝ (ЌІϴЀЃϴ,Ν ЃϿϴ-
ϾϴІϼ,Ν ЃЇϵϿϼϾϴЊϼЛϹ)Ν ЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴΝ ϼΝ НϹϷЂ϶ϼЉΝ ЃЂЀϴϷϴЋϴ,Ν ϶ЄЌϹЁϹΝ ЀЁЂϷЂϵЄЂЛЁϹΝ
ϹϾЅЉЇЀϴЊϼЛϹΝϺЄІϴ϶ϴΝϼΝϸЄ.ΝϡϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЅ϶ϹϷϴΝІЂϷϴΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝϼΝϻϹЀϴМ-
ЅϾϹΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϸЂЁЂЅϼϿϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЂϸϿЇϾϹΝ ϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϴΝ ϿϼЊϴΝ ЂϻЁϴЋϹЁϴΝ ϾϴЂΝ
78
Ν ϥЄђϴЁΝ Ϫ϶ϹІϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν „ϣЂϿϼІϼЋϾϴΝ ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϴΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ“,Ν ј 20. Ν
2/2008,Ν272–314.Ν
79
Ν ϣЄЂЊϹЁϴІΝ ЅЀЄІЁϼЉΝ ϾϴϻЁϼΝ ЁϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ ЄϴІϴ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЅЇΝ ЅЇϸϼϿϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ (ϸЂΝ
ϴ϶ϷЇЅІϴΝ1945),ΝϼϻЁЂЅϼЂΝЛϹΝϼΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ35Σ.ΝϜЁІϹЄЁϴΝϵЄЂЌЇЄϴΝϵϼ϶ЌϹϷΝЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾϴΝϖЄЉЂ϶ЁЂϷΝ
϶ЂЛЁЂϷΝЅЇϸϴΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝϷϹЁϹЄϴϿΝЃЂІЃЇϾЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝϠϴЄϾϴΝϞϴϿЂђϹЄϹΝ ј ј -
ђ Ј ,ΝЁϹЂϵЛϴ϶МϹЁЂ,ΝЇΝЃЂЅϹϸЇΝϴЇІЂЄϴ.Ν
78Ν
ЄϴІЁϼΝϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼΝϼϿϼΝЅϴЄϴϸЁϼЊϼΝЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴ.ΝϞЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝЅЇΝϸЂЁϹϿϹΝЂϾЂΝ120.000Ν
ЂϸϿЇϾϴΝ ϾЂЛϼЀϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϹЁЂΝ ϼΝ ЄϹϷϼЅІЄЂ϶ϴЁЂΝ 66.420Ν ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝ ϼΝ
ЅϴЄϴϸЁϼϾϴΝ ЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴ,Ν ЂϸΝ ІЂϷϴΝ 17.175Ν ЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄЅϾϼЉΝ ϼΝ 49.245Ν ϸЂЀϴОϼЉΝ ЄϴІ-
ЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴ.Ν ϧΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶ϼΝ ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ЄϹϷϼЅІЄЂ϶ϴЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ 25.875,Ν ЂϸΝ
ІЂϷϴΝ 8.700Ν ϸЂЀϴОϼЉΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴ.Ν ϢϸΝ Ђ϶ЂϷΝ ϵЄЂЛϴΝ ЂϾЂΝ 8.000Ν ЅЇΝ ЂϸϿЇϾϹΝ
Ѕϴ϶ϹϻЁϹΝϸЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹ,ΝϴΝЅ϶ϹΝЂЅІϴϿϹΝϻϹЀϴМЅϾϼЉΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴ.80Ν
ϢϸϿЇϾϹΝЅЇΝЁϴЛЃЄϹΝϸЂЅІϴ϶МϴЁϹΝЁϴϸϿϹϺЁϼЀΝ϶ЂЛЁϼЀΝЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϼΝІЇϺϼ-
ϿϴЌІ϶ϼЀϴ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϸЂΝ ЈЂЄЀϼЄϴНϴΝ Лϴ϶ЁЂϷΝ ІЇϺϼϿϴЌІ϶ϴΝ ϼΝ ЁϴЄЂϸЁϼЉΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϴΝ
ЃЂϾЄϹІϴϿϼΝ ϾЄϼ϶ϼЋЁϼΝ ЃЂЅІЇЃϴϾ.Ν ϣЂЅІЂЛϴϿϴΝ ЛϹΝ ϶ЄϿЂΝ ІϹЅЁϴΝ ЅϴЄϴϸНϴΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ
ЅϴΝϢϻЁЂЀΝ(ϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝϧϸϵЂЀ)ΝЇΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНЇΝϼΝЃЂϾЄϹІϴНЇΝϾЄϼ϶ϼЋЁЂϷΝϷЂНϹНϴ,Ν
ϾϴЂΝϼΝЃЄϼЃЄϹЀϼΝϻϴΝЅЇђϹНϴ.ΝϡϹϾϹΝЂϸϿЇϾϹΝЅЇΝϸЂЅІϴ϶МϴЁϹΝϥЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴΝϻϴΝЅЇђϹНϹΝ
ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴΝϼΝЃЄϹЅІЇЃϴΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ΝЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϹΝЋϴЅІϼ.ΝϣЂЅІЇЃϴϾΝϸЂЅІЇЃЁϼЀΝЄϴІЁϼЀΝ
ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝ ϶ЂђϹЁΝ ЛϹΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϹϸΝ ЂϾЄЇϺЁϼЀΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴ,Ν ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЃЂІЂЀΝ ЅϿϴϿϼΝ
ϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϼ.ΝϠϹђЇІϼЀ,ΝІϴЛΝЃЂЅϴЂΝЁϼЛϹΝϸЂΝϾЄϴЛϴΝЃϹϸϴЁІЁЂΝЂϸЄϴђϹЁΝЃϴΝ
ЇΝЃЂЃϼЅЇΝЂЃІЇϺЁϼЊϴΝЁϴϿϴϻϼЀЂΝЅϾЄЂЀϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϴ.ΝϜϴϾЂΝЛϹΝЂ϶ϴΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁ-
ІϴЊϼЛϴΝЌІЇЄϴ,ΝϸЂ϶ЂМЁϴΝЛϹΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЃϴϺМϼ϶ЂЀΝϴЁϴϿϼϻЂЀΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІЇЛЇΝІ϶ЄϸНϹΝЂΝ
ϼЁЅІЄЇЀϹЁІϴϿϼϻϴЊϼЛϼΝ Ђ϶ϼЉΝ ϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϴ.81Ν ϣЂЄϹϸΝ ЁϹЅЇЀНϼ϶ϼЉΝ ЅϿЇЋϴЛϹ϶ϴΝ
ЄϴІЁϼЉΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϴ,ΝЌϼЄЂϾϼЀΝϼΝЁϹϸϹЈϼЁϼЅϴЁϼЀΝІЇЀϴЋϹНϹЀΝϻϴϾЂЁϴΝЅЇϸϼϿЂΝЅϹΝϼΝ
ϻϴΝЁϴЛϵϴЁϴϿЁϼЛϹΝЃЄϹЅІЇЃϹΝ(ЁϴЛϵϴЁϴϿЁϼЛϹΝЂϵϿϼϾϹΝЃЄϼ϶ЄϹϸЁϹΝЅϴЄϴϸНϹ,ΝЃЄϼЋϴ-
НϹΝ϶ϼЊϹ϶ϴ,ΝЃϹ϶ϴНϹΝЃϹЅЀϼЊϴΝЁϴΝЄϴЋЇЁΝЁЂ϶ϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝϼΝЅϿ.).ΝϥϾЄϼ϶ϹЁϼΝЊϼМΝЛϹΝ
ϵϼЂΝ ϻϴЅІЄϴЌϼ϶ϴНϹ,Ν ЃϴΝ ϼΝ ϹϿϼЀϼЁϴЊϼЛϴΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ϼΝ ϾϿϴЅЁϼЉΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ
(ЇϻϼЀϴНϹΝ ϼЀЂ϶ϼЁϹ),Ν ϴϿϼΝ ϼΝ МЇϸϼΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ЅϼЀЃϴІϼЅϴϿϼ ЁЂ϶ЇΝ ϶ϿϴЅІ,Ν
ЌІЂΝЅϹΝЛϴЅЁЂΝ϶ϼϸϼΝϼϻΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϴΝЇΝЂ϶ЂЀΝЈЂЁϸЇ.Ν82ΝΝ
ϡϹЃЂЅЄϹϸЁЂΝ ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϹ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЛϹΝ ЄϴІΝ ЛЂЌΝ ІЄϴЛϴЂ,Ν ІЂϾЂЀΝ
1944.Ν ϼΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝ 1945,Ν ϶ЂЛЁϼΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼΝ ЅЇΝ ϼЅЃЂМϼϿϼΝ ЀЁЂϷЂΝ ϶ϹОЇΝ ЅІЄЂϷЂЅІΝ
ЃЄϹЀϴΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЀϴΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝЁϹϷЂΝЇΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹЀΝЃϹЄϼЂϸЇ.ΝϘЂΝЃЂЋϹІϾϴΝ
1945.Ν ЅϾЂЄЂΝ 70ΣΝ ЂϸΝ Ѕ϶ϼЉΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅϴΝ ϻϴ϶ЄЌϹЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЅЀЄІЁЂЀΝ ЃЄϹЅЇϸЂЀ,Ν ІЂϾЂЀΝ
1945.ΝІϴЛΝϵЄЂЛΝЛϹΝЂЃϴЂΝЁϴΝ28ΣΝϴΝЁϴЄϹϸЁϼЉΝϷЂϸϼЁϴΝЅϹΝЅ϶ϹЂΝЁϴΝЀϴНϹΝЂϸΝ20Σ.Ν
ϣЂЛϹϸϼЁЊϼΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝЃЄ϶ϼЉΝЀϹЅϹЊϼΝϷЇϵϼϿϼΝЅЇΝϷϿϴ϶ϹΝϼΝϻϴΝ
ϵϹϻϴϻϿϹЁϹΝ ЅІ϶ϴЄϼΝ ϸЂϾΝ ϵϼΝ ЅЀЂΝ ϷЂϸϼЁЇ-ϸ϶ϹΝ ϾϴЅЁϼЛϹΝ ϻϴΝ ϼЅІϼΝ ЃЄϹϾЄЌϴЛΝ ЀЂϷϿϼΝ
ϸЂϵϼІϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϵϿϴϷЇΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЅϾЇΝ ϾϴϻЁЇ.Ν ϧΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϹЁϼЉΝ
ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝ ЃЂΝ ЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϼЀΝ ЄϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϴЀϴΝ ϻЁϴІЁЂΝ ЄϴϻϿϼϾЂ϶ϴЂ,Ν ЃϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЇΝ
ϼϻ϶ϹЅЁЂЀΝ ЅЀϼЅϿЇΝ ЀЂϺϹΝ ϷЂ϶ЂЄϼІϼΝ ЂΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϴϿϼϻϴЊϼЛϼΝ ϾЄϼ϶ϼЊϹ,Ν ЁϴІϹϷЁЇ-
80
ΝϠЂЀЋϼϿЂΝϛϹЋϹ϶ϼОΝϼΝύЂ϶ϴЁΝϣЂЃЂ϶ϼО,Ν ј Ј ј I, ј ј
ј Ν . ј 1943–1948,Ν (ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:Ν
ϔЄЉϼ϶ΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ,Ν1998),Ν44.Ν
81
Ν ЋrđКЧΝ CvОtФШvТΕ,Ν Između srpa i čekića, (BОШРrКН:Ν IЧstТtutΝгКΝ sКvrОЦОЧuΝ ТstШrТУu,Ν 2006),Ν 252–
253.Ν
82
ΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝϾϴЂΝϼΝϻϹЀϴМЅϾϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝЁϼЅЇΝЄϹϸЂ϶ЁЂΝЂϵϴ϶ϹЌІϴ϶ϴЁϹΝЂΝЅЇђϹНϼЀϴΝІϴϾЂΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЁϴΝ
ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЄϹϷϼЅІϴЄϴΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝЁϹΝЀЂϺϹΝϼϻ϶ϹЅІϼΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϴΝЅІϴІϼЅІϼϾϴΝЂΝϵЄЂЛЇΝ
ϼΝϾϴЄϴϾІϹЄЇΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϴΝЂЃІЇϺϹЁϼЀϴΝϻϴΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹΝϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇ.ΝϧΝЄϹϷϼЅІЄЇΝϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ
ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϼΝ Ν ϷϸϹΝ ЛϹΝ Ϲ϶ϼϸϹЁЊϼЛϴΝ ϶ЂђϹЁϴΝ ЃЂΝ ЂϾЄЇϻϼЀϴ.Ν
Ϣ϶ϸϹΝЅЀЂΝЃЄЂЁϴЌϿϼΝІϹϾΝЁϹЌІЂΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ900ΝЂЃІЇϺЁϼЊϴΝϼΝ838ΝЃЄϹЅЇϸϴΝϻϴΝЂϾЄЇϷϹΝЅϴΝІϹЄϼ-
ІЂЄϼЛϹΝ ϤϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϹΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϹ,Ν ϔϣΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝ ϼΝ ЂϵϿϴЅІϼΝ ϞЂЅЂ϶ϴ.Ν AJ,Ν DK-110,Ν ПКsМ.Ν 826,Ν 827,Ν
828ΝТΝ829.Ν
79Ν
ІϼЀΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϼЀΝ ЅϼЀϹІЄϼЛϴЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂЀΝ ЅЇϵЛϹϾІϼ϶ϼϻЀЇ,Ν ЀϴЁϼЈϹЅІЂ-

϶ϴЁЂЀΝ ЇΝ ЁϹЇЛϹϸЁϴЋϹЁЂЛΝ ЃЄϼЀϹЁϼΝ ϾЄϼІϹЄϼЛЇЀϴΝ ϻϹЀϴМЅϾϼЉΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ
ЃЄЂϷϿϴЌϴ϶ϴϿϹΝ ЄϴІЁϹΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϹ.83Ν ϥЇϸЅϾϼΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅϼΝ ЅЇΝ ЋϹЅІЂΝ ϶ЂђϹЁϼΝ ЇΝ ЇЅϿЂ-
϶ϼЀϴΝЂЃЌІϹΝЀϹϸϼЛЅϾϹΝЉϴЛϾϹ,ΝЁϹЄϹІϾЂΝЈϴϿЅϼЈϼϾЂ϶ϴНϴΝЋϼНϹЁϼЊϴ,ΝЃЄϼІϼЅϴϾϴΝ
ЁϴΝϴϸ϶ЂϾϴІϹΝϼΝЁϹЃЂЌІЂ϶ϴНϴΝЃЄЂЊϹЅЁЂϷΝЃЄϴ϶ϴΝϼΝЃЄϴ϶ϴΝЁϴΝЂϸϵЄϴЁЇ.ΝϣЂЅІЂЛϴ-
ϿϴΝ ЛϹΝ ІϹϺНϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴΝ Лϴ϶ЁϼЀΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅϼЀϴΝ Ёϼ϶ϹϿϼЌЇΝ ЄϴϻϿϼϾϹΝ ϼϻЀϹђЇΝ ЁϹЅЇЀ-
Нϼ϶ЂΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝϼΝЂЁϼЉΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϼΝϼΝϴЁІϼϾЂЀЇЁϼЅ-
ІϼЋϾϼΝϼΝϴЁІϼЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϼ.84ΝΝ
а ч а а а а а
Ν
ϤϹϻϼЀϼЄϴЛЇОϼΝϼϻЁϹІЂΝЃЄϼЀϹОЇЛϹЀЂΝϸϴΝЁϼΝЇΝϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝϻϴЃϴϸЁϹΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϹΝ
ЃЂЅϿϹЄϴІЁϴΝ ЃЄϴ϶ϸϴΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ЇЛϹϸЁϴЋϹЁϴ.Ν ϘЂϾΝ ЅϹΝ ЇΝ ϩЂϿϴЁϸϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ϕϹϿϷϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ
ϻϵЂϷΝЃЄϹІЃϿϴІϹΝЁϴΝЁϴЊϼЅІϼЋϾϹΝЁЂ϶ϼЁϹΝϼЌϿЂΝЇΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄ,ΝЇΝϔЇЅІЄϼЛϼΝϼΝЃЂІ϶Є-
ђϹЁϼΝЂЈϼЊϼЄΝϗϹЅІϴЃЂϴΝЅϹΝЁϼЛϹΝЀЂϷϴЂΝЂЅЇϸϼІϼΝЂЅϼЀΝϴϾЂΝЅϹΝЁϹΝϸЂϾϴϺϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁΝ
ЇϻΝ ЂϵЄϴϻϿЂϺϹНϹΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϼϻ϶ЄЌϴ϶ϴЂΝ ЁϴЄϹђϹНϴ.Ν ϣЄЂЊϹЅΝ ϸϹЁϴЊϼЈϼϾϴЊϼЛϹΝ
ЁϴϼϿϴϻϼЂΝЛϹΝЁϴΝЀϴНϼΝЂІЃЂЄΝϼΝЀЁЂϷЂΝЛϹΝϺЇЅІЄϼЛϹΝ϶ЂђϹЁΝЇΝϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝϷϸϹΝЁϴЊϼ-
ЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾϴΝϼϸϹЂϿЂϷϼЛϴΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿϴΝЂЃЌІϹΝЃЄϼЉ϶ϴОϹЁϴ.ΝϦЄϹϵϴϿЂΝЛϹΝϸϴΝЃЄЂђϹΝ
ЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝ ϸϹЊϹЁϼЛϴΝ ϸϴΝ ϸЂђϹΝ ϸЂΝ ЂЅ϶ϹЌОϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ϼΝ ЂЃЌІϹΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϹΝ ЂЅЇϸϹ.Ν ϧΝ
ϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЂЛΝЅЇΝЅЁϴϺϴЁΝЃЂϾЄϹІΝЂІЃЂЄϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝϼΝ϶ϹϿϼϾϼΝϵЄЂЛΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϴΝ
(ϼΝІϹЄϹІΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾЂϷΝЁϴЅϿϹђϴ)ΝЇЅϿЂ϶ϼϿϼΝϸЄϴЅІϼЋЁϼЛϼΝЂϵЄϴЋЇЁΝЅϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴ-
ЊϼЛЂЀΝЁϹϷЂΝЇΝϸЄЇϷϼЀΝϻϴЃϴϸЁЂϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЀΝϸЄϺϴ϶ϴЀϴ,ΝЇϻΝЃЄϼЀϹЄϹΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼЉΝ
ϼΝϿϼЋЁϼЉΝϻϿЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϴ.ΝϜЃϴϾ,ΝЅ϶ϹΝЂ϶ϹΝЃЂЛϴ϶ϹΝЅЇΝϵϼϿϹΝϼЅϾϴϾϴНϹ,ΝϵϼϿϹΝЅЇΝϼЁ-
83
ΝϡϴΝЃЄϼЀϹЄ,ΝϛϹЀϴМЅϾϴΝϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝϸЂЅІϴ϶ϼϿϴΝЛϹΝЛϴ϶ЁЂЀΝІЇϺϼϿϴЌІ϶ЇΝ11.911ΝЃЄϹϸЀϹІϴ,Ν
ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝ 8.812,Ν ϪЄЁϹΝ ϗЂЄϹΝ 2.329,Ν ϸЂϾΝ ЅЇΝ ϕЂЅЁϴΝ ϼΝ ϩϹЄЊϹϷЂ϶ϼЁϴΝ ϼΝ ϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾϴΝ ϸЂЅІϴ϶ϼϿϹΝ
ЁϹЇЃЂЄϹϸϼ϶ЂΝЀϴНϹΝ(ЁϹЌІЂΝЃЄϹϾЂΝ1.000)ΝϼϴϾЂΝЅЇΝЇЃЄϴ϶ЂΝІϴЀЂΝϼϻ϶ЄЌϹЁϼΝЁϴЛЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЛϼΝЄϴІ-
ЁϼΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝЇΝϘЄЇϷЂЀΝЅ϶ϹІЅϾЂЀΝЄϴІЇ.ΝϣЂЁϹϷϸϹ,ΝϾϴЂΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼ,ΝϵϼϿϴΝЛϹΝϸЂ϶ЂМЁϴΝϼΝЂЅЁЂ϶ϴЁϴΝ
ЅЇЀНϴΝ ϸϴΝ ϵϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЄЂϷϿϴЅϼЂΝ ЄϴІЁϼΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊ,Ν ϴΝ ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϹΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹ,Ν ІЛ.Ν
ЂІ϶ЂЄϹЁϹΝЃЂϸЄЌϾϹΝЇЅІϴЌϾЂЛΝϡϘϩΝϼΝЂϻϵϼМЁϼΝϷЄϹЅϼΝЅЇΝϻϴІϴЌϾϴ϶ϴЁϼΝЁϹΝϵϼΝϿϼΝЅϹΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ-
϶ϼϿЂΝ „ϵЄϴІЅІ϶ЂΝ ϼΝ ЛϹϸϼЁЅІ϶Ђ“Ν ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ϻϴЄϴϺϹЁЂЛΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿϼЅІϼЋϾϼЀΝ ЌЂ϶ϼЁϼϻЀЂЀΝ
ЃЂЅϿϹΝ ЅІЄϴЌЁЂϷΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾЂϷΝ ЄϴІϴ.Ν ϜЁϸϼϾϴІϼ϶ЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЄϹϷϼЅІЄЂ϶ϴЁΝ ЀϴНϼΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ϩЄ϶ϴІϴΝ
ЁϹϷЂΝ ϥЄϵϴΝ ϼΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ 300Ν ϔϿϵϴЁϴЊϴ,Ν ϼϴϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ ϻЁϴΝ ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЁϴЛЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЛϼΝ ϷϹЁЂЊϼϸЁϼΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝ
ЃЂЋϼНϹЁϼΝ ЁϴΝ ІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϼΝ ϡϘϩΝ ЂϸΝ ЇЅІϴЌϾЂϷΝ ЄϹϺϼЀϴΝ ЁϴϸΝ ϥЄϵϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϸϴΝ ЅЇΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϴΝ ϼΝ
ϻϿЂЋϼЁϼΝϵϴϿϼЅІϴΝЁϴΝϞЂЅЂ϶ЇΝϸЂϵϼϿϼΝЂϷЄЂЀЁϹΝЄϴϻЀϹЄϹ.ΝϛϹЋϹ϶ϼОΝϼΝϣЂЃЂ϶ϼО,Ν
ј Ј ј I, 44;ΝCvОtФШvТΕ,ΝIzmeđu srpa i čekića, 252–253.Ν
84
ΝϦЂΝЅϹΝЀЂϺϹΝ϶ϼϸϹІϼΝЁϴΝЀЁЂϷϼЀΝЅЇђϹНϼЀϴΝϴΝЁϴЛ϶ϼЌϹΝЛϹΝϸЂЌϿЂΝϸЂΝϼϻЄϴϺϴЛϴΝЁϴΝЃЄЂЊϹЅЇΝϷϹЁϹ-
ЄϴϿЇΝ ϘЄϴϷЂМЇϵЇΝ ϠϼЉϴϼϿЂ϶ϼОЇΝ 10.Ν ЛЇЁϴΝ –Ν 15.Ν ЛЇϿϴΝ 1946.Ν ϷϸϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЅϹΝ ЁϴΝ ϼЅІЂЛΝ ЂЃІЇϺЁϼЊϼΝ
ЁϴЌϿϼΝ ϵϼ϶ЌϼΝЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾΝ ϼϻϵϹϷϿϼЋϾϹΝ϶ϿϴϸϹΝϸЄΝ ϥϿЂϵЂϸϴЁΝ ύЂ϶ϴЁЂ϶ϼО,Ν ЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄΝЅЃЂМЁϼЉΝ
ЃЂЅϿЂ϶ϴΝϠЂЀЋϼϿЂΝϡϼЁЋϼО,ΝЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄΝ϶ЂЛЁϼΝϘЄϴϷЂМЇϵΝϠϼЉϴϼϿЂ϶ϼОΝЅϴΝϡϹϸϼОϹ϶ϼЀΝЀϼЁϼЅ-
ІЄϼЀϴΝ(ϦϴЁϴЅϼЛϹΝϘϼЁϼО,ΝϘЄϴϷϼΝύЂ϶ϴЁЂ϶ϼО)ΝϼΝМЂІϼОϹ϶ЊϼЀϴΝ(ϞЂЅІϴΝϠЇЌϼЊϾϼ)ΝϼϴϾЂΝЛϹΝϸЂϵ-
ЄЂΝЃЂϻЁϴІЂΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЀϹђЇΝНϼЀϴΝ϶ЂϸϼЂΝЃЄϴ϶ϼΝ„ЀϴϿϼΝЄϴІ“ΝϼΝϸϴΝЅЇΝЀЁЂϷϼΝЁϹϸϼОϹ϶ЊϼΝϼΝМЂІϼОϹ϶-
ЊϼΝ ЅІϴ϶МϹЁϼΝ ЃЂϸΝ ЅϿЂ϶ЂΝ ,,ϛ“Ν ϾЂϸΝ ϶ϿϴϸϹΝ ЇΝ ϟЂЁϸЂЁЇ.Ν ϫϴϾΝ ЅЇΝ Ђ϶ЂЛ,Ν ϼЁϴЋϹΝ ЌϴЄЂϿϼϾЂЛΝ ϷЄЇЃϼ,Ν
ЃЄϼϾМЇЋϹЁϼΝЛϹϸϴЁΝϵϼ϶ЌϼΝϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϴΝϞЂЅІϴΝϞЇЀϴЁЇϸϼΝϼΝЛϹϸϴЁΝЄϴϸϼϾϴϿΝϟϴϻϼЊϴΝϠϴЄϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν
϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁЂΝ ϸϴΝ ϵϼΝ ЇЃЂІЃЇЁϼϿϼΝ ЅЃϹϾІϴЄΝ „ЄϹϴϾЊϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ϼϻϸϴЛЁϼϾϴ“. ϢϸΝ НϼЉΝ 24Ν ЂЅЇђϹЁЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϴΝ
ЅЀЄІΝ 11Ν ϴΝ ϸϹ϶ϹІΝ ЛϹΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁЂΝ ЇΝ ЁЂОϼΝ 17.Ν ЛЇϿϴΝ 1946.Ν ϵϹϻΝ ЃЄϴ϶ϴΝ ЁϴΝ ϺϴϿϵЇΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϴ϶ϴΝ ЁϴΝ ϷЄЂϵ.Ν
ϖϼЌϹΝЇ:ΝϞЂЅІϴΝϡϼϾЂϿϼО,Ν ,Ν(ϕϹЂϷЄϴϸ:Νϛϴ϶ЂϸΝϻϴΝЇџϵϹЁϼϾϹ,Ν2005).ΝΝ
80Ν
ІϹЁϻϼ϶ЁϹΝ ЂϸЀϴЉΝ ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ ϸϴΝ ϵϼΝ ЅΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂЀΝ ϿϴϷϴЁЂΝ ЅЃϿϴЌНϴ϶ϴϿϹΝ ϼΝ

ϵϼϿϹΝЃЄϹ϶ϹϸϹЁϹΝЇΝЅϼЅІϹЀΝϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІЅϾϹΝЃЄϴ϶ЁϹΝϸЄϺϴ϶Ϲ.ΝϕЇϸЇОϼΝϸϴΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼ-
ЂЁϴЄЁϼΝЃЂϾЄϹІϼΝЁϼЅЇΝЁϼϷϸϹΝЃЄϹЇϻϹϿϼΝ϶ϿϴЅІ,ΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϹΝϻϿЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϹΝ
ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼϻЀϴΝ ЇΝ ЅϿϴЀϴНЇΝ ϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϼЉΝ ϼΝ ϾϿϴЅЁϼЉΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ ІϼЃϼЋЁϹΝ ϻϴΝ
ϼЅІЂЋЁЇΝϙ϶ЄЂЃЇ,ΝϷϸϹΝЅϹΝІϹϺϼϿЂΝЇЅЃЂЅІϴ϶МϴНЇΝІЂІϴϿϼІϴЄЁϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼ.Ν
ϧΝ ϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝ ϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЅΝ ϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϴΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЁϴІϴΝ ϼΝ ЄϴІЁϼЉΝ
ϻϿЂЋϼЁϴЊϴΝЃЂϾϿЂЃϼЂΝЅϹΝЃЄ϶ЂЀΝЈϴϻЂЀΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹΝЃϴΝЛϹΝЅІЂϷϴΝϵЄЂЛΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ
ЃЂΝІЂЀΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЁϹЀϹЄМϼ϶ЂΝ϶ϹОϼΝЁϹϷЂΝЁϴΝϛϴЃϴϸЇ.ΝϢЅϼЀΝϹϿϹЀϹЁϴІϴΝ
ЃЄϴ϶ϸϹ,ΝЃЄЂЊϹЅΝЛϹΝϼЀϴЂΝІЂЁΝЄϴІЁϹΝЂЅ϶ϹІϹΝϼΝϿϼЋЁϼЉΝЀЂІϼ϶ϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝϼЃϴϾΝϸЂЀϼ-
ЁϴЁІЁЂΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾЂ-ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЇΝϵЂЛЇ,ΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝЃЂЁϹϷϸϹΝЛϴϾЂΝ ІϹЌϾЂΝЄϴϻϸ-
϶ЂЛϼІϼ.Ν ϜЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЂϸΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴΝ ϸЂϵϼЛϴϿϹΝ ЃЄϹЊϼϻЁϴΝ ЇЃЇІЅІ϶ϴΝ ϻϴΝ ϹϿϼ-
ЀϼЁϴЊϼЛЇΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ЅІϴϵϼϿϼϻЂ϶ϴНϹΝ ЁЂ϶ϹΝ ϶ϿϴЅІϼ.Ν ϥϴΝ ЃЄМϴ-
϶ЂЀΝ϶ЂϸЂЀΝϼϻϵϴЊϼ϶ϴϿϴΝЅϹΝϼΝЋϼЅІϴ.ΝϛϴΝЄϴϻϿϼϾЇΝЂϸΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾϹΝϼΝϸЄЇϷϼЉΝϻϴЃϴ-
ϸЁϼЉΝϸϹЀЂϾЄϴІϼЛϴ,Ν϶ϴЁϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЂЁϴϿЁШΝ,,ЋϼЌОϹНϹ“ΝЇΝϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼ,ΝЃϴΝ
ϼΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ,ΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝЃϿЂϸΝϹϾЅЊϹЅϴΝϼϿϼΝ,,϶ϴЁЄϹϸЁЂϷΝ
ЅІϴНϴ“,Ν ϶ϹОΝ ϸϹЂΝ ϸϹІϴМЁЂΝ ЄϴϻЄϴђϹЁЂϷΝ ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁЂϷΝ ЃϿϴЁϴ.Ν ϣЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂΝ
ЁϴЅϼМϹΝ ЛϹΝ ϶ЂђϹЁЂΝ Ђ϶ϸϹΝ ϹІϴЃЁЂΝ (,,ЅϴϿϴЀϴΝ ІϹЉЁϼϾϴ“Ν ϾϴϾЂΝ ЛϹΝ Ёϴϻ϶ϴЂΝ ЛϹϸϴЁΝ
ЀϴђϴЄЅϾϼΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϴ).Ν ϧΝЃЄ϶ЂЛΝ ЈϴϻϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϻϴϾϿϴНϴϿЂΝ ϼϻϴΝ ЂϵЄϴЋЇЁϴΝ ЅϴΝ ЄϴІЁϼЀΝ
ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЂЁϼЅІϼЀϴ,Ν ЇΝ ϸЄЇϷЂЛΝ ϼϻϴΝ ЃЄЂϷЂЁϴΝ ,,ЌЃϼЛЇЁϴΝ ϼΝ
ϼϻϸϴЛЁϼϾϴ“Ν ϴΝ ЇΝ ІЄϹОЂЛΝ ϼϻϴΝ ϼϻϸϴЛЁϼϾϴΝ ЇΝ ЃϴЄІϼЛЅϾϼЀΝ ЄϹϸЂ϶ϼЀϴ.Ν ϛϴІ϶ЂЄϼ϶ЌϼΝ
ϾЄЇϷΝІϹЄЂЄΝЛϹΝЂ϶ϸϹΝ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂЀΝЃЄϹЄϴЅІϴЂΝЇΝІЄϴЛϴЁ,ΝІЂІϴϿϴЁΝϼΝЅϴ϶ЄЌϹЁΝЄϹЃЄϹ-
Ѕϼ϶ЁϼΝЅϼЅІϹЀΝϾЂЛϼΝЛϹΝЃЂІЄϴЛϴЂΝϸϹЊϹЁϼЛϴЀϴ.ΝϦЂΝЁϹΝϻЁϴЋϼΝϸϴΝЂ϶ϸϹΝЁϹЀϴΝ,,ϹІЂЅϴΝ
ЂϸЀϴϻϸϹ“ΝЃЂЃЇІΝЂЁϼЉΝϻϴЃϴϸЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼ.ΝϡϴЃЄЂІϼ϶,ΝϴϿϼΝЂЁΝІϹϾΝϸϹϿЂЀΝЂϵЛϴЌ-
Нϴ϶ϴΝЈϹЁЂЀϹЁ.ΝΝ
ϞЂЁϴЋЁЂΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ ϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝ ϙ϶ЄЂЃϼΝ ЛϹΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϴЂΝ ЄϴϻϿϼЋϼІΝ ϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІΝ
ЃЂЄϴІЁϼЉΝЋϼЅІϾϼ,Νϻϴ϶ϼЅЁЂΝЂϸΝϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼЉΝϼΝϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϼЉΝЂϾЂϿЁЂЅІϼ.ΝϦϴϾЂΝЛϹΝ
ЂЁΝϵϼЂΝ϶ϹОϼΝЇΝϣЂМЅϾЂЛ,ΝϗЄЋϾЂЛ,ΝϕЇϷϴЄЅϾЂЛΝϼΝЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ,ΝϻϴΝЄϴϻ-
ϿϼϾЇΝЂϸΝЄϹЊϼЀЂΝϤЇЀЇЁϼЛϹ,ΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾϹΝϼΝϫϹЉЂЅϿЂ϶ϴЋϾϹ.ΝϜϻЄϴϺϹЁϼЛϼΝЛϹΝϵϼЂΝЇΝ
ϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝ ϷϸϹΝ ЛϹΝ ϵϼϿϴΝ ϶ϹОϴΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϴΝ ЃЂϿϴЄϼϻϴЊϼЛϴ,Ν ЅЇϾЂϵМϹЁϼΝ ЃЂϾЄϹІϼΝ
ЂІЃЂЄϴ,Ν ϻЁϴІЁϼЛϹΝ ЅЁϴϷϹΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ЃЂϾЄϹІϴ,Ν ϴϿϼΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϵϹϻΝ ϻЁϴЋϴЛϴΝ ЁϼΝ
ЀϹЁІϴϿϼІϹІΝ ϼΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾЂΝ ЁϴЅϿϹђϹ.Ν ϦϹЄЂЄΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϴЄϴ϶ЁЂΝ ϵϼЂΝЇЅϿЂ϶МϹЁΝϼΝ ϼϻЄϴ-
ϻϼІϼЀΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϼЀΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶ЄϹЋЁЂЅІϼЀϴ,Ν ϶ϹϿϼϾϼЀΝ ϺЄІ϶ϴЀϴΝ ϼΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁϼЀϴΝ ЇΝ
ЄϴІЇ,ΝЅЁϴϺЁϼЀΝϼΝЅЇЃЄЂІЅІϴ϶МϹЁϼЀΝЃЂϾЄϹІϼЀϴΝЂІЃЂЄϴ,ΝϾЄ϶ϴ϶ϼЀΝϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾϼЀΝ
ЄϴІЂЀ,ΝϾϴЂΝϼΝЛϴϾϼЀΝЅЁϴϷϴЀϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛϹ.Νϥ϶ϹΝЅϹΝЂϸ϶ϼЛϴϿЂΝϸЂϾΝЅϹΝЛЂЌΝЇ϶ϹϾΝ
϶ЂϸϼЂΝ ЄϴІΝ ЃЄЂІϼ϶Ν ЈϴЌϼϻЀϴ,Ν ЂϸЛϹϾϼ϶ϴϿϼΝ ЃϿЂІЇЁϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϥЄϹЀЅϾЂϷΝ ЈЄЂЁІϴ,Ν ϸЂϾΝ
ЅЇΝЅϹΝϷЂЁϼϿϹΝЅЁϴϷϹΝЃЂЄϴϺϹЁЂϷΝЁϹЃЄϼЛϴІϹМϴΝЇΝϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾЂЀΝЄϴІЇΝϼΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴ-
ЁϴІϴ,Ν ЃϴΝ ЛϹΝ Ђ϶ϴΝ ЄϴІЁϴΝ ЃЅϼЉЂϿЂϷϼЛϴΝ ϼΝ ϴІЀЂЅЈϹЄϴΝ ЃЂϸϷЄϹ϶ϴϿϴΝ ЂЅ϶ϹІЁϼЋϾϹΝ ϼΝ
ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ϶ЁϹΝ ϴЃϹІϼІϹΝ ϾЂϸΝ ЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϼЉΝ ЅЁϴϷϴ.Ν ϥΝ ϸЄЇϷϹΝ ЅІЄϴЁϹ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹΝ ЛϹΝ
ЄϴђϹЁЂΝ ЃϿϴЁЅϾϼ,Ν ЇϻΝ ЀϴϿЂΝ ЅІϼЉϼЛϹ,Ν ϶ЂђϹЁЂΝ ЂϸΝ ϼЁЅІϼІЇЊϼЛϴΝ ϾЂЛϹΝ ЅЇΝ ϼЀϴϿϹΝ
ЛϴЅϴЁΝ ϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϼΝ ϼΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼΝ ЊϼМ.Ν ϥІЂϷϴΝ ЅЇΝ ЀϹђЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЀϴΝ ЀЁЂϷϼΝ
ϹϿϼЀϼЁϼЅϴЁϼΝϾϴЂΝЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϼΝϼΝϾϿϴЅЁϼΝЃЄЂІϼ϶ЁϼЊϼΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼ,Ν
ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁϼЊϼΝ ЃЄϹϸЄϴІЁϹΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾϹ,Ν ϾЇϿІЇЄЁϹΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϹΝ ϹϿϼІϹ,Ν ЃЄϼЃϴϸ-
ЁϼЊϼΝ ЃϴΝ ЋϴϾΝ ϼΝ ЅϼЀЃϴІϼϻϹЄϼΝ ЅЇЃϴЄЁϼЋϾЂϷΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷΝ ЃЂϾЄϹІϴΝ ЃЂϵϹ-
81Ν
ђϹЁЂϷΝ ЇΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾЂЀΝ ЄϴІЇΝ (ύϖЇϢ),Ν ЀЂϵϼϿϼЅϴЁϼΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЊϼΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϻϴЅϿЇϺϼ-

϶ϴϿϼΝЅЀЄІ.Ν
ϣЄϹЀϴΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЂЁϼЉΝϾЂЛϹΝЅЇΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϹΝ϶ϿϴЅІϼΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅ-
Ͽϴ϶ϼЛϼΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴϿϹΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇђϹНϴΝЇΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝЀϹЅϹЊϼЀϴΝЃЂΝЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇ,ΝЄϹϺϼЀΝ
ЛϹΝϼЃϴϾΝϵϼЂΝ ЁϹЇЃЂЄϹϸϼ϶ЂΝЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ϶ЁϼЛϼΝЁϹϷЂΝϼϷϸϹΝ ЇΝϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝϼϿϼΝϻϴЃϴϸЁЂЛΝ
ϙ϶ЄЂЃϼ.ΝϦϹϻЇΝЂΝϼϻЇϻϹІЁЂЅІϼΝЛЇϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϹЁЅϾЂϷΝЅϿЇЋϴЛϴΝЇΝϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЀΝЂϾ϶ϼЄϼЀϴΝ
ЃЂІϾЄϹЃМЇЛЇΝϼϻЁϹІϼΝЃЂϸϴЊϼΝЂΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ,ΝЂϸЁЂЅЁЂΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴ-
ЁϼЉΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝЄϴІϴΝЃЂϸΝЂЃІЇϺϵϴЀϴΝϻϴΝϾЂϿϴϵЂЄϴЊϼЛЇΝϼΝЄϴІЁϹΝϻϿЂЋϼЁϹ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝ
ϵЄЂЛЇΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇђϹНϴ,Ν ϴϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ ЇϻЀЇΝ ϼΝ ЁϴЛЂЃЄϹϻЁϼЛϹΝ ЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝ ϼΝ
ЃЂЃϼЅϼΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼ,Ν ϸЂϵϼЛϴΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЂϸϴІϴϾΝ ϸϴΝ ЛϹΝ ЇΝ ϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЂЛΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝ ЂϾЂΝ
225ΝϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЂϾЂΝ5.000ΝϿϼЊϴΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ(ЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝϼΝ϶ϼЌϹΝ
ЂϸΝ5.800),ΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝЃЄϹϾЂΝϸ϶ϴϸϹЅϹІΝЃЇІϴΝ϶ϼЌϹ.ΝϥϿϼЋϴЁΝЛϹΝЂϸЁЂЅΝϼΝЇΝϵЄЂЛЇΝЂЅЇ-
ђϹЁϼЉΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІ:ΝЇΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЂЛΝ39ΝϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЂϾЂΝ400ΝϿϼЊϴΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁΝЅІϴЁЂ-
϶ЁϼϾϴ.ΝΝ
Ν
ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϴ,ΝϥЄϵϼЛϴΝϼΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾϴ:ΝϵЄЂЛΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϼΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ1944–1948.Ν
ЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝΝ
Ν
ϢϸΝЂЅІϴϿϼЉΝϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЉΝϻϹЀϴМϴΝЃЄϼϵϿϼϺЁЂΝЅϹΝЀЂϺϹΝЇϻϹІϼΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЁϹЌ-
ІЂΝЅϿϼЋЁЂΝ϶ϼђϹЁЂΝЅϴЀЂΝЇΝϕЇϷϴЄЅϾЂЛ,ΝϷϸϹΝЛϹΝϻЁϴІϴЁΝϵЄЂЛΝЂЅЇђϹЁΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝ(219Ν
ϿϼЊϴΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁ),ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝЃЂΝЇЀϹЄϹЁϼЛϼЀΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϴЀϴΝ϶ϼЌϹΝЂϸΝ2.000ΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼ-
ЂЁΝ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁЂΝ (ϼϿϼΝ ϷЂІЂ϶ЂΝ ϸЇЃϿЂΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ЁϹϷЂΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼ).Ν ϧΝ
ϣЂМЅϾЂЛΝЛϹΝІЂΝЁϹϷϸϹΝЂϾЂΝ450,ΝϸЂϾΝЛϹΝЇΝЅ϶ϼЀΝЂЅІϴϿϼЀΝϻϹЀМϴЀϴΝЅІ϶ϴЄΝϻЁϴІЁЂΝ
ϸЄЇϷϴЋϼЛϴΝϼΝϾЄϹОϹΝЅϹΝЂϸΝЋϹІϼЄϼΝϸЂΝ30ΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁΝЅІϴЁЂ϶-
ЁϼϾϴ,Ν ϴΝ ЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϹΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϹΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇϸϴΝ ЇЂЃЌІϹΝ ЅЇΝ ЁϹЃЂϻЁϴІϹ.Ν ϘϴϾϿϹ,Ν ЃЄϹЀϴΝ
Ѕ϶ϼЀΝЃШϾϴϻϴІϹМϼЀϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝЛϹΝϵЄЂЛΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝϸЇЃϿЂΝ϶ϹОϼΝЂϸΝϵЄЂЛϴΝ
ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЇΝЂϸЁЂЅЇΝЁϴΝЁϴЛϵϿϼϺЇΝϕЇϷϴЄЅϾЇ;ΝЇΝЂϸЁЂЅЇΝЁϴΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЇ,ΝϴΝЃЂϷЂ-
ІЂ϶ЇΝЂЅІϴϿϹΝϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϹΝϻϹЀМϹ,ΝϵЄЂЛΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝЄϴІϴΝЛϹΝЂϸΝϸ϶ϴϸϹ-
ЅϹІΝЃϴΝϼΝϸЂΝЁϹϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЅІЂІϼЁϴΝЃЇІϴΝ϶ϹОϼ.ΝϔϾЂΝϵϼЅЀЂΝЃϴϾΝЇЄϴЋЇЁϴϿϼΝЇΝϵЄЂЛΝ
82Ν
ϼЁϸϼЄϹϾІЁЂΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЂЁϹΝЊϼ϶ϼϿϹΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝЅІЄϴϸϴϿϼΝЇΝϿЂϷЂЄϼЀϴΝϼΝϻϴІ϶ЂЄϼЀϴΝ
(ЛЂЌΝ ЁϴЛЀϴНϹΝ ЂϾЂΝ 35.000Ν ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼ),Ν ЇϸϹЂΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЁϴΝ ЀϼϿϼЂЁΝ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ
ϵϼΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЂЃϹЂΝ ϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϶ϼЌϹΝ ЂϸΝ 10.000Ν ЁϴΝ ЀϼϿϼЂЁ,Ν ЌІЂΝ ЛϹΝ ЁϹЅϿϴ϶ϴЁΝ ЄϹϾЂЄϸΝ ЇΝ
Ϲ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼЀΝ ЄϴϻЀϹЄϴЀϴ.Ν ϕЄЂЛΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ЇЃЂЄϹϸϼ϶Ν ЛϹΝ ЇЁЇІϴЄΝ
ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ЅϴΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛЂЀΝ (13.000Ν ЁϴΝ ЀϼϿϼЂЁ)Ν ϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾЂЀΝ (ЂϾЂΝ
12.500ΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁ)ΝϴϾЂΝЅϹΝЇϻЀЇΝЇΝЂϵϻϼЄΝЁϴ϶ϹϸϹЁϹΝЁϴЇЋЁϹΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝЇΝЂϸЅЇЅІ϶ЇΝ
ЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂϷΝЃЂЃϼЅϴ.ΝϧΝϪЄЁЂЛΝϗЂЄϹΝЛϹ,ΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϸЂΝЅϴϸϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϹЁЂϷ,Ν
ЃЄЂЃЂЄЊϼЛϴΝЅϿϼЋЁϴΝЂЁϼЀϴΝЇΝϩЄ϶ϴІЅϾЂЛΝϼΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼ,ΝЀϴϸϴΝЅϹΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝЃЄϹЊϼ-
ϻЁϼΝ ЃЂЃϼЅϼΝ ІϹϾΝ ЂЋϹϾЇЛЇ;Ν ЇΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЀΝ ϵϼ϶ЌϼЀΝ ЄϹЃЇϵϿϼϾϴЀϴΝ ϥϨϤύΝ ЁϹΝ ЃЂЅІЂЛϹΝ
ЂϻϵϼМЁϼЛϴΝϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝϴϿϼΝЛϹΝІϴЛΝϵЄЂЛΝЅ϶ϴϾϴϾЂΝϸϴϿϹϾЂΝЀϴНϼ.ΝΝ
Ν
Ν
ϢЅЇђϹЁϼΝЁϴΝЅЀЄІΝϼΝЃЂϷЇϵМϹЁϼΝ1944–1948.ΝЁϴΝЀϼϿϼЂЁΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴ85Ν
Ν
ϢЅϼЀΝ ЂΝ ϼϻЇϻϹІЁЂЅІϼΝ ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ЁϴΝ ϾЄϴЛЇΝ ЄϴІϴΝ
ϼϻЁϹІϼΝЃЂϸϴЊϼΝϷЂ϶ЂЄϹΝϼΝЂΝІЂЀϹΝϸϴΝЇЁЇІϴЄΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝЁϼЛϹΝϵϼϿЂΝ
ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϹΝ ЀЂІϼ϶ϼЅϴЁЂЅІϼΝ ЄϹЃЄϹЅϼЛϹΝ ЛϹЄΝ ЛϹΝ ЅІЄϴϸϴЂΝ ϻЁϴІϴЁΝ ϵЄЂЛΝ ϥЄϵϴ,Ν
ϩЄ϶ϴІϴ,ΝϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϴЊϴ,ΝϪЄЁЂϷЂЄϴЊϴ,ΝϠϴђϴЄϴ,ΝϔϿϵϴЁϴЊϴ...ΝϤϴϸϼϿЂΝЅϹ,ΝЃЄϹΝЅ϶ϹϷϴ,Ν
ЂΝϸ϶ϴΝЛϴϾϴΝЈϴϾІЂЄϴ:ΝЄϴІЁЂЛΝЂЅ϶ϹІϼΝЃЂϵϹϸЁϼϾϴΝϼΝϼϸϹЂϿЂЌϾϼЀΝЄϴϻϿЂϻϼЀϴ,ΝϴϿϼΝ
ЁϼϾϴϾЂΝ ЂΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁЂЀΝ ЄϹ϶ϴЁЌϼϻЀЇ.Ν ύϹϸϼЁϼΝ ϼϻЇϻϹІϴϾΝ ϼΝ ЃЄϼЀϹЄΝ ϾЂϿϹϾІϼ϶-
ЁЂϷΝϾϴϺНϴ϶ϴНϴΝ ϹІЁϼЋϾϹΝ ϷЄЇЃϹΝЛϹΝ϶ϹЄЂ϶ϴІЁЂΝЁϹЀϴЋϾϴΝЀϴНϼЁϴ,ΝϾЂЛϴΝЛϹΝЂЅϼЀΝ
85
ΝϣЄЂЃЂЄЊϼЛϴΝЛϹΝЇЄϴђϹЁϴΝЁϴΝЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝϵЄЂЛϴΝЅІϴЁЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝЃЄϹЀϴΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝЃЂЅϿϹЄϴІЁϼЀΝЃЂЃϼЅϼЀϴΝ
ϻϴΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ϻϹЀМϹ.Ν ϣЂϸϴЊϼΝ ЂΝ ЂЅЇђϹЁϼЀϴΝ ЁϴΝ ЅЀЄІΝ ϼΝ ЅІЄϹМϴЁϼЀϴΝ ϵϹϻΝ ЅЇϸϴΝ ϻϴΝ Ѕ϶ϹΝ ϻϹЀМϹΝ ЂЅϼЀΝ
ϥЄϵϼЛϹΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝ (ϷϸϹΝ ЅЀЂΝ ϾЂЄϼЅІϼϿϼΝ ЁϴЛЁЂ϶ϼЛϴΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺϼ϶ϴНϴΝ ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϻϴΝ
ІϴЛЁϹΝϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЃЂЅϿϹΝ12.ΝЅϹЃІϹЀϵЄϴΝ1944)ΝЃЄϹЇϻϹІϼΝϼϻ:ΝύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν -
,Ν 404.Ν ύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼОΝ ЅϹΝ ЃЂϻϼ϶ϴΝ Ёϴ:Ν JШЧΝ EХstОr,Ν Retributin and Reparation in the Transition to
Democracѕ,Ν(CКЦЛrТНРО,Ν2006);ΝB.ΝFrШЦЦОr,ΝNational cleansing, Reribution against Nazi col-
laborators in postwar Czechoslovakia,Ν(CКЦЛrТНРО,Ν2005).
83Ν
ϼϻΝϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϹΝϾЂϿϹϾІϼ϶ЁЂΝϾϴϺНϹЁϴΝϼΝЃЄЂІϹЄϴЁϴΝЅϴΝІϹЄϼІЂЄϼЛϹΝЊϹϿϹΝϼЅІЂЋЁϹΝ
ϙ϶ЄЂЃϹ.86Ν
Ϣ϶ϹΝϵЄЂЛϾϹ,ΝЃЄЂЊϹЁϹΝϼΝϾЂЀЃϴЄϴЊϼЛϹΝІЄϹϵϴΝϸϴΝЇϾϴϺЇΝЁϴΝЈϹЁЂЀϹЁΝЀϴЅЂ϶-
ЁϹΝϻϿЂЇЃЂІЄϹϵϹΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼϻЀϴΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝЄϴІϴΝЇΝϥЄϵϼЛϼΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼ,ΝϾϴЂΝ ϼΝ
ϸϴΝЛЇϷЂЅϿЂ϶ϹЁЅϾЂΝϼЅϾЇЅІ϶ЂΝЅІϴ϶ϹΝЇΝϹ϶ЄЂЃЅϾϼΝϾЂЁІϹϾЅІΝЇ϶ϴϺϴ϶ϴЛЇОϼΝНϹϷЂ϶ϹΝ
ϼϻЄϴϻϼІϹΝЅЃϹЊϼЈϼЋЁЂЅІϼ.ΝϣЄϹЀϴΝϼϻЁϹІϼЀΝЃЂϸϴЊϼЀϴΝϾЂЛϼΝЅϹΝІϼЋЇΝЀϹІЂϸЂϿЂ-
ϷϼЛϹΝϼΝϼЁІϹЁϻϼІϹІϴΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴ,ΝϼЅϾЇЅІ϶ЂΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝϼΝϥЄϵϼЛϹΝЛϹΝЁϹЇЃЂЄϹ-
ϸϼ϶ЂΝЅϴΝЋϼЅІϾϴЀϴΝЇΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼ,ΝЁϴЄЂЋϼІЂΝЁϹΝЅϴΝϨЄϴЁЊЇЅϾЂЀΝ(ЅϴΝϾЂЛЂЀΝЅϹΝЁϴЛ-
ЋϹЌОϹΝ ЃЂЄϹϸϼ),Ν ЃϴΝ ЋϴϾΝ ЁϼΝ ЅϴΝ ϼЅϾЇЅІ϶ЂЀΝ ϶ϹОϼЁϹΝ ϾЂЀЇЁϼЅІϼЋϾϼЉΝ ϻϹЀϴМϴΝ
(ЂЅϼЀΝ ϸЂЁϹϾϿϹΝ ϕЇϷϴЄЅϾϹ).Ν ϛϴЉ϶ϴМЇЛЇОϼΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼЀΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁϼЀΝ ЅЃϹЊϼ-
ЈϼЋЁЂЅІϼЀϴ,ΝЄϹ϶ЂϿЇЊϼЂЁϴЄЁϹΝЅЁϴϷϹΝЅЇΝЂ϶ϸϹΝϵϼϿϹΝϸϴϿϹϾЂΝϵЄЇІϴϿЁϼЛϹΝϼΝЄϹЃ-
ЄϹЅϼ϶ЁϼЛϹΝЇϻΝ϶ϹОЇΝЅϼЅІϹЀϴІϼЋЁЂЅІΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴΝЃϴΝЛϹΝϵЄЂЛΝЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝЁϹЇЃЂ-
ЄϹϸϼ϶ЂΝ϶ϹОϼΝЁϹϷЂΝϼϷϸϹ.ΝϡϴЄϴ϶ЁЂ,ΝЂ϶ϴЛΝЄϴϸΝЁϹΝЀЂϺϹΝϼΝЁϹΝІЄϹϵϴΝϸϴΝЃЄϹЊϼϻЁЂΝ
ЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝЁϴΝЃϼІϴНϹΝϾЂϿϼϾЂΝЛϹΝЂЁϼЉ,ΝЂϸΝЀЁЂϷϼЉΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴЁϼЉΝϼΝЂЅЇђϹЁϼЉΝ
ЁϴΝЅЀЄІ,ΝϾЂЛϼΝЅЇΝϻϴϼЅІϴΝІϴϾ϶ЇΝϾϴϻЁЇΝϼΝϻϴЅϿЇϺϼϿϼ.ΝϦЂΝЛϹΝЅϴЅ϶ϼЀΝϸЄЇϷЂΝЃϼІϴ-
НϹ,ΝЁϴΝϾЂЛϹΝЀЂϺϹΝϸϴΝЅϹΝЂϸϷЂ϶ЂЄϼΝЅϴЀЂΝЃЂЛϹϸϼЁϴЋЁЂ,ΝЇΝЃЄЂЊϹЅϼЀϴΝЄϹЉϴϵϼϿϼ-
ІϴЊϼЛϹΝЃЄϹϸΝ ЅЇϸЂ϶ϼЀϴ.ΝύϹϸЁЂΝЛϹΝЅϼϷЇЄЁЂ,ΝЂϵЛϴ϶МϹЁϼΝϸЂϾЇЀϹЁІϼΝϼΝϵЄЂЛЋϴЁϼΝ
ЃЂϸϴЊϼΝϸЂϾϴϻЇЛЇΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЄϹϺϼЀΝЇΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝЁϴΝϾЄϴЛЇΝЄϴІϴ,ΝЃϴΝϼΝϾϴЅЁϼЛϹ,ΝϵϼЂΝ
ЛϹϸϴЁΝЂϸΝЁϴЛЄϹЃЄϹЅϼ϶ЁϼЛϼЉΝЇΝϼЅІЂЋЁЂЛΝϙ϶ЄЂЃϼ,ΝϵϴЌΝϾϴЂΝЌІЂΝЛϹΝЃЂЅϿϹΝЃЂϿϼ-
ІϼЋϾЂϷΝ ϻϴЂϾЄϹІϴΝ ЃЂЋϹІϾЂЀΝ ЃϹϸϹЅϹІϼЉΝ ϼΝ ЂϸЄϼЊϴНϴΝ ЂϸΝ ЅІϴМϼЁϼЅІϼЋϾЂϷΝ ЁϴЅ-
ϿϹђϴΝϵϼЂΝЁϴЛϿϼϵϹЄϴϿЁϼЛϼ.Ν
Ν
Ν
86
ΝϤϴЋЇЁϴΝЅϹΝϸϴΝЛϹΝЇΝЃЄ϶ϼЀΝЃЂЅϿϹЄϴІЁϼЀΝϷЂϸϼЁϴЀϴΝЇϾЇЃЁЂΝЃЄЂІϹЄϴЁЂΝЂϾЂΝ15ΝЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝϡϹЀϴ-
Њϴ:ΝЅϹϸϴЀΝϼϻΝϬϿϹϻϼЛϹ,ΝϣЂЀϹЄϴЁϼЛϹΝϼΝϜЅІЂЋЁϹΝϣЄЇЅϾϹ,ΝІЄϼΝЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝϼϻΝϫϹЉЂЅϿЂ϶ϴЋϾϹ,Νϸ϶ϴΝ
ϼϻΝϣЂМЅϾϹΝϼΝϥϥϥϤ-ϴ,ΝϼΝ2,7ΝЀϼϿϼЂЁϴΝϼϻΝϤЇЀЇЁϼЛϹ,ΝϠϴђϴЄЅϾϹΝϼΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ.ΝCrКЦptШЧ,Νn. d.,Ν
142;ΝύϴЁϾЂ϶ϼО,Ν . .,Ν404.Ν
Ν
84Ν
в а а
Ν
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 ϔЄЉϼ϶ΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹ:Ν
- ϨЂЁϸΝϪϹЁІЄϴϿЁϼΝϾЂЀϼІϹІΝϥϞύ,Ν507.Ν
- ϨЂЁϸΝ ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϴΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϴΝ ϻϴΝ ЅЇђϹНϹΝ ЄϴІЁϼЀΝ ϻϿЂЋϼЁЊϼЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЅϴЄϴϸ-
ЁϼЊϼЀϴΝЂϾЇЃϴІЂЄϴ,ΝϘϞ-110.Ν
 ϖЂЛЁϼΝϴЄЉϼ϶.ΝϨЂЁϸΝϖϕϔ,ΝϗЄϴђϴΝϢϸϹМϹНϴΝϻϴЌІϼІϹΝЁϴЄЂϸϴ.ΝΝ
 ϔЄЉϼ϶Ν ϘЄϺϴ϶ЁϹΝ ϾЂЀϼЅϼЛϹΝ ϻϴΝ ІϴЛЁϹΝ ϷЄЂϵЁϼЊϹΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЃЂЅϿϹΝ 12.Ν ЅϹЃІϹЀ-
ϵЄϴΝ1944.ΝϣЂІ϶ЄϸϴΝϢϛϡ-ϹΝЂΝЅІЄϹМϴНЇΝϡϼОϼЈЂЄϴΝϕϴϵϼОϴ.Ν
 ϔЄЉϼ϶ΝϥЄϵϼЛϹ.ΝϨЂЁϸΝϕϜϔ.ΝΝ
 ϠϹђЇЂЃЌІϼЁЅϾϼΝ ϼЅІЂЄϼЛЅϾϼΝ ϴЄЉϼ϶Ν ϫϴЋϴϾ.Ν ϡϢϢΝ ϤЂЌЊϼ,Ν Ϟ-1,Ν ЄϹϷ.Ν ϵЄ.Ν
1134/46.Ν
 ϜЁІϹЄЁϴΝϵЄЂЌЇЄϴΝϵϼ϶ЌϹϷΝЃЄϹϸЅϹϸЁϼϾϴΝϖЄЉЂ϶ЁЂϷΝ϶ЂЛЁЂϷΝЅЇϸϴΝύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϹΝ
ϷϹЁϹЄϴϿ-ЃЂІЃЇϾЂ϶ЁϼϾϴΝ ϠϴЄϾϴΝ ϞϴϿЂђϹЄϹΝ ј ј ђ
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FDuEIJ:Сttps://rОРsФШrНТЧКtШr.ПТХОs.аШrНprОss.МШЦ/2013/06/3-СШrvКt-ЛШУКЧ-
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 ϞusШurТs,Ν DТЦТtrТs.Ν From Revolution to Restoration.Transnational Implicati-
ons of the Greek Purge of Wartime Collaborators,Ν DОКХТЧРΝ аТtСΝ АКrsΝ КЧНΝ
DТМtКtШrsСТpsΝ (2014).Ν ϘϴІЇЀΝ ЃЄϼЅІЇЃϴΝ 16.Ν 3.Ν 2016.Ν Сttp://Ν
ааа.КМКНОЦТК.ОНu/5901648/FrШЦИЊОvШХutТШЧИtШИЊОstШrКtТШЧИTrКЧsЧКtТШЧК
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 ЋФШurК,ΝAЦКХТК.ΝDIЋTЊICTΝOFΝMEЋЋENIAΝBETАEENΝ1945ΝANDΝ1953-«Ν
ΗΝȎΘΝΙΚΗΝΝȎΜȎ΢Ι΢ΝΘΑΝȎΙΝΑΙΝΑȍΤ΢ΩΠΗΣΟ΢»ΝȍΙΚȎ΢ΝȍΟ΢ΙΛΟΓΩΝΝ
΢ΣΟΝ ȎΙȍΙΚΟΝ ȍΙΚΑ΢ΣΗΡΙΟΝ ȍΟ΢ΙΛΟΓΩΝΝ ΚΑΛΑΜΩΝΝ (1945-1953).
ϘϴІЇЀΝ ЃЄϼЅІЇЃϴΝ 16.Ν 3.Ν 2016.Ν ааа.КМКНОЦТК.ОНu/2216772/ЈrШsОМutТШЧИΝ
ШПИtСОИМШХХКЛШrКtШrsИШПИtСОИКбТsИТЧИtСОИНТstrТМtИШПИЦОssОЧТКИЛОtаООЧИ194
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II аТtС spОМТКХ rОПОrОЧМОs ШЧ EurШpОКЧ ОбpОrТОЧМО
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olution, wild cleansings
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327(497.1)"1945/1948"(082)
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94(4-12)"1945/1948"(082)
1945. ?: /[
] = 1945. the End or the New Beggining?
: thematic Collection of Articles / [editor in Chief ]. -
: : , 2016
( : Colorgrafx). - 625 .: . ; 25 cm. - (
; . 13)
. .- 300. - : - 11-12. -
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Summaries.
ISBN 978-86-7005-133-1 ( )
1. Gl. stv. nasl. 2. Up. stv. nasl.
a) ђ - - 1945-1948 - b)
- - 1945-1948 - c) -
- 1945-1948 -
COBISS.SR-ID 224289292

Ν 1945.Νϟϥϔύνϝϟϝνϡϣϖϝνϣϣϫϙϧϔϟ?Ν Ϧϲѐθіѕͼϼνϻϵђєёϼͼνєθϸђ϶ϴν Ν 1945.Νtheνendνoњνtheνneаνbeggining?Ν Tсоцкtтмνcшххомtтшчνшпνartтмхоsν Ν Ν Ν

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Ν 1945.Νϟϥϔύνϝϟϝνϡϣϖϝνϣϣϫϙϧϔϟ?Ν Ϧϲѐθіѕͼϼνϻϵђєёϼͼνєθϸђ϶ϴν Ν 1945.Νtheνendνoњνtheνneаνbeggining?Ν Tсоцкtтмνcшххомtтшчνшпνartтмхоsν Ν Ν Ν

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Ν

ΝϧΝ а ЅЇΝ ϴЁІϼЈϴЌϼЅІϼΝ ϵϼϿϼΝ ЁϹЌІЂΝ ЀϴНϹΝ ϺЇЅІЄϼ,Ν ϼϴϾЂΝ ЅϹΝ

ЃϴΝ ϼΝ ЇΝ ϥЄϵϼЛϼΝ ϼΝ ύЇϷЂЅϿϴ϶ϼЛϼΝ ЇϷϿϴ϶ЁЂЀΝ ЁϼЛϹΝ ϵϼϿЂΝ ЃϿЂϸΝ ϹϾЅЊϹЅϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ

ЀϼЁϼЅІϴЄϴ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼϾϴ,Ν ϷϹЁϹЄϴϿϴΝ ϼΝ ϸЄЇϷϼЉ.Ν ϛϴΝ ЃϹІΝ ϷЂϸϼЁϴΝ ЇΝ Ђ϶ЂЀΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝ

ϴϿϼΝ ϼΝ ІЄϷЂ϶Њϼ,Ν ЈϴϵЄϼϾϴЁІϼ,Ν Ѕ϶ϹЌІϹЁϼЊϼ,Ν ,,ЁϹЃЂЌІϹЁϴΝ ϼЁІϹϿϼϷϹЁЊϼЛϴ“,Ν ϾЇ-

ϡϴϾЂЁ,Ν ЂϵϼЋЁЂΝ ϾЄϴІϾЂϷΝ ϵЂЄϴ϶Ͼϴ,Ν ЇΝ ϼЅІЄϴϺЁЂЀΝ ϻϴІ϶ЂЄЇΝ ϢϻЁϹΝ (Ѕ϶ϹϷϴΝ

ϼΝ ЃЄϼϾЄϼ϶ϴЁϴΝ ϾϴЀϹЁϼЀΝ ЃϿЂЋϴЀϴΝ (ЁЃЄ.Ν ϣЂІЂϾΝ ϛЀϼЛϴЁϴЊΝ ϾЂϸΝ ϕЂМϹ϶ЊϴΝ ϼϿϼΝ

ϸЂЅІϴ϶ϹΝ ϼϻ϶ϹЌІϴЛϹΝ ϶ϼЌϼЀΝ ϼЁЅІϴЁЊϴЀϴ.55Ν ϧΝ ϖЂЛ϶ЂϸϼЁϼΝ ЛϹ,Ν ϻϴΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹΝ ϖЂЛЁϹΝ

„ вав “ 1945. в .ΝϢΝЀϴЅЂ϶ЁϼЀΝϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϴЊϼЛϴЀϴΝ

skog rata i njegovi uzroci,Ν ИpШХШгКУИЦКНКrКИuИvШУvШНТЧТИЧКИФrКУuИНruРШРИsvОtsФШРИrКtКΝ

ϥІЄЇϾІЇЄϴΝ ЇϵϼЛϹЁϼЉΝ ЃЄϹЀϴΝ ϸЄЇЌІ϶ϹЁЂЛΝ ЃЄϼЃϴϸЁЂЅІϼΝ ЀЂϺϸϴΝ ЁϴЛϵЂ-

ϥЄϵϼЛϹ,Ν ЇΝ ЂϸЁЂЅЇΝ ЁϴΝ ϿϼϾ϶ϼϸϼЄϴНϴΝ ЇΝ ϥϿЂ϶ϹЁϼЛϼ,Ν ЁϹЀϹЄМϼ϶ЂΝ ϶ϹОϼΝ ЇϸϹЂΝ

Њϼ϶ϼϿϴ-ЛϴІϴϾϴ.Ν ϧΝ ϿϼІϹЄϴІЇЄϼΝ ЅϹΝ ϼϻЁЂЅϹΝ ЅϴЀЂΝ ϵЄЂЛЋϴЁϼΝ ЃЂϸϴЊϼΝ ЁϴΝ ЂЅЁЂ϶ЇΝ

ІϼЀΝ ЁϴЊϼЂЁϴϿЁϼЀΝ ЅϼЀϹІЄϼЛϴЀϴΝ ϼΝ ЃЂϿϼІϼЋϾЂЀΝ ЅЇϵЛϹϾІϼ϶ϼϻЀЇ,Ν ЀϴЁϼЈϹЅІЂ-

ІϹЁϻϼ϶ЁϹΝ ЂϸЀϴЉΝ ЃЂΝ ЂЅϿЂϵЂђϹНЇΝ ϸϴΝ ϵϼΝ ЅΝ ϶ЄϹЀϹЁЂЀΝ ϿϴϷϴЁЂΝ ЅЃϿϴЌНϴ϶ϴϿϹΝ ϼΝ

ђϹЁЂϷΝ ЇΝ ϷЄϴђϴЁЅϾЂЀΝ ЄϴІЇΝ (ύϖЇϢ),Ν ЀЂϵϼϿϼЅϴЁϼΝ ϶ЂЛЁϼЊϼΝ ϾЂЛϼΝ ЁϼЅЇΝ ϻϴЅϿЇϺϼ-

 BТХКЧНžТΕ,ΝDušКЧ.ΝModerna hrvatska povjest.ΝГКРrОЛ:ΝGХШЛus,Ν1999.Ν

 CrКЦpСtШЧ,ΝЊТМСКrНΝΤΝBОЧ.ΝAtlas of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Centu-

 CvОtФШvТΕ,ΝЋrđКЧ.ΝIzmeđu srpa i čekića.ΝBОШРrКН:ΝIЧstТtutΝгКΝsКvrОЦОЧuΝТstШrТ-

 KХКУЧ,ΝHuРШ.ΝRatna neuroza Jugoslovena.ΝBОШРrКН:ΝTОrsТt,Ν1995.Ν

 ŽОrУКvТΕ,Ν VХКНТЦТr.Ν Opsesije i megalomanije oko Jasenovca i Blajburga.Ν

 JКЧУОtШvТΕ,ΝГШrКЧ.ΝPoložaj Mađara u Vojvodni na kraju Drugog svetskog rata

KОв аШrНs:ΝYugoslavia, Europe, Serbia, World War II, communist rev-

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