Grade 11 - Unit 6 - Interactive Kit

• Kate must have studied hard. She

Past Modal Verbs of Deduction passed all her exams with high grades.
• Martin can’t have bought a new house.
• I
must He doesn’t have any money.
• You
might • George didn’t study for the exam but he
• He have +V3
could
passed. He might have cheated.
• She may
can’t • Lucy should have left earlier. She missed
• It
should her flight.
• We shouldn’t
• You shouldn’t have taken this job. I can
• They
see you’re not enjoying it.

must have = might/ may have = could have =

95% sure something was maybe / past possibility maybe / past possibility
possible / strong evidence

can’t have = should have = shouldn’t have =

95% sure something was a criticism / regret / past a criticism / past
NOT possible / impossible advice negative advice / regret

A Classify the sentences. Write “SE” (Strong Evidence), “PP” (Past Possibility) ,
“I” (Impossible), or “R” (Regret).

1. You were driving too fast. You could have had an accident.

2. I’m really cold! I should have brought my coat.

3. They might have won the football match, but Mesut Özil hurt his ankle.

4. Tina must have left the office because her coat and bag aren’t here.

5. David can’t have robbed the bank. We were together all day.

6. I shouldn’t have eaten so much chocolate! She have pain in my stomach.

7. Linda may have gone to Cambridge University, but she decided to travel instead.

by Demet Hoca
1
 Grade 11 - Unit 6 - Interactive Kit

B Find the matching sentences below.

All the candies and a

She must have been late.
sandwiches are gone!
1

2 b He must have missed the

Who broke the coffee cup bus.
yesterday?

c Our neighbours shouldn’t

I saw Jeniffer run quickly have cut down the tree in
to school. their garden.
3
4
d I’m sure because she was in
The concert was fantastic London.
last night.

e Martha might have eaten

The police shot a man in
the bank. them.

5
6 f
You really should have come.
It was a really beautiful
tree.

It can’t have been Susan g

Sarah may have dropped it.
at the door.
7

8 h
He must have been a robber.
We don’t have any milk
for the cake.

Tom hasn’t come to work i You should have bought

yet. He has never been late some at the shop.
for work.
9

by Demet Hoca
2
 Grade 11 - Unit 6 - Interactive Kit

C Circle the correct options.

1. Nina is a very good girl. She isn’t naughty, 2. Martin looked worried. He - - - - have had
so she - - - - have broken that window. a problem with something.
a) should b) must a) must b) can’t
c) can’t c) should

3. You - - - - have shouted at her. She’ll never 4. I’m really hungry! I - - - - have had a
forgive you. breakfast.
a) should b) shouldn’t a) should b) shouldn’t
c) must c) must

5. I can’t find my house keys, I’m not sure, 6. I failed all my exams, I - - - - have studied
I - - - - them at the office. instead of partying.
a) should b) must a) may b) should
c) might c) shouldn’t

7. I - - - - have gone out with my friends but I 8. You - - - - have watched TV all night
wanted to watch the soccer game. yesterday, that’s why you feel so tired now.
a) can’t b) may a) shouldn’t b) might
c) shouldn’t c) could

9. We are going in the wrong direction, we 10. You - - - - have talked to her because she
- - - - have missed a turning. wasn’t at school yesterday.
a) should b) can’t a) can’t b) shouldn’t
c) could c) might

11. Helen looks happy about her exam results, 12. I saw a strange light in the sky last night.
so she - - - - have done well. It - - - - have been a UFO!
a) should b) must a) should b) could
c) may c) shouldn’t

13. I don’t know why she hasn’t called me 14. Emily and Susan - - - - have gone out.
back. She - - - - have forgotten my number. I can’t see them.
a) might b) can’t a) can’t b) should
c) shouldn’t c) must

by Demet Hoca
3