ITF Session PDF

Nature of Chapter:
1. It will be very easy in beginning, but afterwards it becomes little

confusing. Just don’t under estimate PD
2. Basics of trigonometry will be required.
3. Just keep in mind, value of inverse trigonometric functions is an angle.
4. Formulae will not trouble you like they do in trigonometry, but practice
will be required to avoid mistakes.
Weightage of ITF (Last 5 years)
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average
JEE Main 2.5 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 1.7 %
Jee Advanced 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 2.4 %

Inverse Trigonometric functions
● Defining Inverse Trigonometric Function

● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Some important Results
● Sum and difference of ITF
● Summation of Series
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
Critical Topics in the Chapter
● Principal Domain
● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Sum and difference of Inverse Trigonometric functions
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
Defining Inverse Trigonometric
functions
Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions
1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and
hence have its inverse function.

Defining Inverse
1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and
hence have its inverse function.
The new domain of sin x i.e. is called principal domain of sin x.

1
-1
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = 𝜋 and x = ky then 22k - 2k + 1 = ?
A 1
B 0
C 2
D None
A 1
B 0
C 2
D None
Solution:
If sin-1x + sin-1y = 𝜋
As maximum value of sin-1 x and sin-1 y is .
Thus, it is only possible when
x=y=1
∵ x = ky
⇒ 1 = k(1)
⇒k=1
Thus, 22k - 2k+1 = 22 - 21+1 = 22 - 22 = 0
Q Find domain of :
Q Find domain of :
Solution:
Given
So for domain
Q Find range of :
Remark
If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

Q Find range of :
Solution
For
gives
JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023
Q
The range of f(x) = is
D
Q
D
Q
Solution:
Range :
Defining Inverse
2. For cos x : [0, 𝜋] → [−1, 1], the function y = cos x is bijective and
hence we have its inverse function:
Defining Inverse
2. For cos x : [0, 𝜋] → [−1, 1], the function y = cos x is bijective and
hence we have its inverse function:
cos−1 x : [-1, 1] → [0, 𝜋]
Principal domain of cos x is [0, 𝜋]

Q
Find domain :
Q
Find domain :
Solution
Given,
As we know, gives range as [0, 1) for all values of ‘x’.
Thus, domain is R.
Q Find range :
Remark

Q Find range :
Solution
Given,
For
As we know is π
And is
Thus, range is
Q Find the range of f(x) = 2 cos−1(−x2) − π
Solution:
Defining Inverse
3. For we have
-
O
-
JEE Main 27th June, 2022
Q is equal to:
D
Q is equal to:
D
Q is equal to:
Solution:
Q Find the range of
Solution:
Remark

JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021
Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

values of the function f(x) = tan-1(sin x + cos x) in Then
the value of tan(M - m) is equal to:
D

D

Solution:
Defining Inverse
4.
Defining Inverse
4.
Defining Inverse
4.
cosec−1(2) =
cosec−1(−2)=
Defining Inverse
5.
Defining Inverse
5.
Defining Inverse
Y
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)
cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)
–π -π O π π
2 2
Defining Inverse
Y
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)
cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)
–π -π O π π
cot−1(1) = 2 2
cot−1(−1) =
Defining Inverse
Remark
You can group sin−1 x, cosec−1 x, tan−1 x together and cos−1 x, sec−1 x, cot−1
x together as far as outputs are concerned corresponding to −ve inputs
Q Find the range of f(x) = cot-1 (2x - x2).
Remark

Q Find the range of f(x) = cot-1 (2x - x2).
Solution:
Defining Inverse
Observation
We can easily draw graphs of inverse trigonometric functions simply

by reflecting graphs of trigonometric function about y = x.
Composition of Trigonometric
and its Inverse function
Composition of Trigonometric and
its Inverse function
1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

∀ x ∈ domain. (i.e. its always true)
Composition of Trigonometric and
its Inverse function
1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

∀ x ∈ domain. (i.e. its always true)
2. sin−1(sinx) = cos−1(cosx) =.... = cot−1(cot x) = x

only if x ∈ principal domain
Q Evaluate:
(a) (b)
Solution: (c) cos-1(cos 2) (d)

Some Important Results
Result 1: Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’
sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x
cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x
tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x
Result 1: Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’
sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x cos-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cos-1 x
cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x sec-1(-x) = 𝜋 - sec-1 x
tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x cot-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cot-1 x

Evaluate:
Q
(a) cos-1(cos 10) (b) tan-1(tan(-6))
Evaluate:
Q
(a) cos-1(cos 10)
Evaluate:
Q
(a) cos-1(cos 10)
Solution:
We know that cos-1(cos θ) = θ, if 0 ≤ θ ≤ 𝜋

Here, θ = 10 rad.
Clearly, it does not lie between 0 and 𝜋.
However, (4𝜋 - 10) lies between 0 and 𝜋 such that cos(4𝜋 - 10) = cos 10
⇒ cos-1(cos 10) = cos-1(cos(4𝜋 - 10)) = 4𝜋 - 10
Evaluate:
Q
(b) tan-1(tan(-6))
Evaluate:
Q
(b) tan-1(tan(-6))
Solution:
=
=
JEE Main 1st Sep 2021
Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

to: (The inverse trigonometric functions take
the principal values)
A 3π - 11
B 4π - 9
C 4π - 11
D 3π + 1

A 3π - 11
B 4π - 9
C 4π - 11
D 3π + 1

Solution:
cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12))

⇒ (2π - 5) + (6 - 2π) - (12 - 4π)
⇒ 4π - 11
Graph of: y = sin-1 (sin x)
Graph of: y = cos-1 (cos x)
Y
𝜋/
2
X
- -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/ 𝜋 2𝜋
2𝜋 2
Graph of: y = tan-1 (tan x)
X
-2𝜋 -3𝜋/2 -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 3𝜋/2 2𝜋
-𝜋/2
Q Find the number of solutions of
Q Find the number of solutions of
Solution:
JEE Advanced 2023, P-1
Q
Ans: 3
Solution:
Inverse Trigonometric Functions of complementary functions

Evaluate the following:
Q
(a) (b)
Q
(a)
Q
(a)
Solution
Q
(b)
Q
(b)
Solution
Q Solve for x : cos−1 x − sin−1 x = 0
Q Solve for x : cos−1 x − sin−1 x = 0
Solution:
JEE Main 2013
Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)
C (0, 1)
D
JEE Main 2013
C (0, 1)
D
JEE Main 2013
Solution:
Q Solve for x :
Q Solve for x :
Solution:
or
Rejected
JEE Main 31st Jan, 2023 - Shift 1
D
D
Solution:
Observation
cos(2 sin-1(x)) = 1 - 2x2

Q The range of is
D
Q The range of is
D
Q The range of is
Solution:
Given,
Here also domain of function will be [−1,1]
Thus, now for range
Thus, range is
Result: Inverse Trigonometric Functions at ‘1/x’

Q Evaluate:
Hint:
Q Evaluate:
Solution
=
Q Evaluate: for x < 0 .
Q Evaluate: for x < 0 .
Solution
For x < 0,
Thus, we have
= = =
in terms of each other
For
1
sin-1 x x
For
cos-1 x 1
x
Remark
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Solution
Given
Since
∴
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Solution
Given
Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then
is equal to
A 0
D
is equal to
A 0
D
is equal to
Solution:
Q then the value of x is
D
D
Solution:
Q If the value of the expression is in the form of
where a, b ∈ Z, then the value of is

Q If the value of the expression is in the form of
where a, b ∈ Z, then the value of is
Ans: 0.6
Solution:
For
For
-x 1
is +ve now & hence use above approach again.

Q
The value of is
D none
Q
The value of is
D none
Q
The value of is
Solution
x
Sum & Difference of ITF
1.
1.
NOTE
2.
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Evaluate:
Solution
Method I:
=
=
=
Result
if
Solution:
Method II:
=
Recall
Can you observe that
Can you observe that
Proof:
Applying tan on both sides

Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Solution
Q Find x if:
Q Find x if:
Solution:
Q Solve for x:
Q Solve for x:
Solution:
Solution:
JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023
If the sum of all the solutions of
Q
Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023
If the sum of all the solutions of
Q
Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.
Ans: 2
Solution:
3. (i) under some good condition
(ii) under some good condition
4. (i) under some good condition
(ii) under some good condition

Q Solve:
Q Solve:
Solution:
Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Sin-1 x = 2 tan-1 x is equal to _____.

Ans: 2

Solution:
Q Prove that: if cos−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 z = 𝜋 then x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 − 2xyz
Q Prove that: if cos−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 z = 𝜋 then x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 − 2xyz
Solution:
Taking cos on both sides
Squaring on both sides

Summation of Series
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Solution:
Given,
Since,
Q
The value of
D
Q
The value of
D
Q
The value of
Solution:
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Solution:
Let TK =
Q Evaluate:
Solution:
Thus, TK = tan-1(K2 + K + 1) - tan-1(K2 - K + 1)

T1 = tan-1(3) - tan-1(1)
T2 = tan-1(7) - tan-1(3)
T3 = tan-1(13) - tan-1(7)
Tn = tan-1(n2 + n + 1) - tan-1(n2 - n + 1)
Q Evaluate:
Solution:
C 100
D
C 100
D
Solution:
Simplification of Inverse
Trigonometric Expressions
List of most commonly used formulae and expressions.
Simplify the following:
Q
(a)
(b)
Q
(a)
Solution:
Given,
(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )

Q
(b)
Solution:
Given,
(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )

Prove the following:
Q
(a)
(b)
Q
(a)
Solution:
Given,
Taking L.H.S
Put,
So, and,
(For is positive)
Q
(b)
Solution:
Given,
Taking L.H.S
Put,
So, and,
∴ (For , is positive)
Q
Where x ∈ (0, 1) then x is equal to
D
Q
D
Q
Solution:
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
Put
This will hold if

So, we get
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
Put
So, we get
This will hold if

Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
Put, This will hold if
So, we get
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
So, we get
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
This will hold if
Put,
So, we get
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
This will hold if
Put,
So, we get
Solve for x:
Q
Solve for x:
Q
Solution:
So, we get
Q
then find the value of f(2013).

Q
then find the value of f(2013).
Solution:

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Nature of Chapter:

1. It will be very easy in beginning, but afterwards it becomes little

2. Basics of trigonometry will be required.

3. Just keep in mind, value of inverse trigonometric functions is an angle.

JEE Main 2.5 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 1.7 %

Jee Advanced 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 2.4 %

● Defining Inverse Trigonometric Function

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and

hence have its inverse function.

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and

hence have its inverse function.

The new domain of sin x i.e. is called principal domain of sin x.

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

cos−1 x : [-1, 1] → [0, 𝜋]

Principal domain of cos x is [0, 𝜋]

As we know, gives range as [0, 1) for all values of ‘x’.

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)

cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

We can easily draw graphs of inverse trigonometric functions simply

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

2. sin−1(sinx) = cos−1(cosx) =.... = cot−1(cot x) = x

Solution: (c) cos-1(cos 2) (d)

sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x cos-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cos-1 x

cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x sec-1(-x) = 𝜋 - sec-1 x

tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x cot-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cot-1 x

We know that cos-1(cos θ) = θ, if 0 ≤ θ ≤ 𝜋

Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12))

Inverse Trigonometric Functions of complementary functions

Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)

Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)

Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)

cos(2 sin-1(x)) = 1 - 2x2

Result: Inverse Trigonometric Functions at ‘1/x’

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

where a, b ∈ Z, then the value of is

where a, b ∈ Z, then the value of is

is +ve now & hence use above approach again.

Applying tan on both sides

Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

3. (i) under some good condition

(ii) under some good condition

4. (i) under some good condition

(ii) under some good condition

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation