Force oscillation of an electronic oscillator

About oscillation
In Physics, oscillation is a repetitive variation, typically in time. It is
measured between two or more different states or about equilibrium or about a
central value. Some familiar examples of oscillations include alternating
current and simple pendulum.
Some parameters governing oscillation are :
• Period of oscillation
• Oscillation frequency
• Oscillation amplitude
In general, an oscillation is a back and forth movement in a regular rhythm. In
this article, let us discuss oscillation in detail.

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Different Types of Oscillation
There are three main types of Simple Harmonic Motion
• Damped Oscillation
• Forced Oscillation
• Free Oscillation
Here, we discuss about forced oscillation.

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Force oscillation
When a body oscillates by being influenced by an external periodic force, it
is called forced oscillation. Here, the amplitude of oscillation, experiences
damping but remains constant due to the external energy supplied to the
system.
For example, when you push someone on a swing, you have to keep
periodically pushing them so that the swing doesn’t reduce.

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Force oscillation of an electronic oscillator
The oscillator is an electronic device capable of producing electronic
oscillations the form of signal waves, popularly sine waves, and square
waves. Oscillations refer to the forward and backward movement. It also
converts one form of a power supply to another.

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History of electronic oscillator
The first oscillators were developed in the 19th century. It was capable of
producing electric arcs used for lighting. It was first noticed by a Cornish
chemist named Sir Humphry Davy. He also discovered the arc lamp.

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Oscillating frequencies
The frequency at the output of the oscillator is measured in Hertz (Hz). It is
defined as the cycles per second. The different type of oscillators generates a
different range of frequencies.
For example,
• LC Oscillators - High-frequency signals
• RC Oscillator - Low-frequency signals

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 The main types of oscillators operating at different frequencies are RF (radio-
frequency), audio, and low-frequency oscillators.
• The RF frequencies range is from 100 kHz to 100 GHz.
• The audio frequency range is from 10 Hz to 20 Hz. It is the frequency at
which a human ear can recognize the sound.
• A low frequencies range lies below 20 Hz. Animals, such as an elephant,
can detect it.

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Electronic waveforms
The waveforms produced by the oscillators are sinusoidal, triangular,
square, and sawtooth. All these waveforms can operate in various ranges,
such as [0. 1], [-1, 1], etc.
• The sinusoidal curve defines the smooth continuous wave. It depicts the
natural representation of various processes and their states.

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• The square wave form has fixed amplitude and length.

• The triangular waveform reaches its peak at fixed points. It is known for
its triangular shape.

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• The sawtooth waveform represents the deflections in the form of teeth. A
single sawtooth wave is known as ramp function wave. The wave rises
upwards and sharply drops and again rises upwards.

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Example
The AC signal is generally in the form of a sinusoidal wave. It is because the
variations produced by the rotor in the AC generator are similar to the
variations of the sinusoidal signal. Oscillators are widely used in electronic
devices, such as sequential circuits, clock generators, radio transmitters, quartz
clocks, and video games.
A device that converts AC to DC is commonly known as converter. But, after
the invention of diodes and rectifiers, the oscillators can also convert DC to
AC. The device that converts DC to AC is known as inverter. Thus, we can
say that converts work oppositely as inverters.

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