Crop Ecology

Crop Ecology

Ecology : ikos-Home ,
Logos-To study
ecology relationship of
crop comunities with surrounding say environment.
~
crop means
crop or

*
Harvesting Index : Coefficient of effectiveness

Economic yield Grains

Harvesting index =
straw
Biological yield grains
Sink
X 00
Source

* Source Such part of

: plant where
photosynthesis occur ie leaves

Sink
photosynthates accumulate/store
* : where is
grains.

· Tow to calculate Grain Yield : No of plant per unit Fertile tiller Flower /
area Noof
perplan
-

No of wt of individual
.

grains per year grains.

*
Agro-Climatic Zones

*
Agroclimatic Regional Planning :

Commission
· initiated in 1988
by Planning .

&
·
Agro-climatic Factor : Rainfall Soil
Cropping Farming System .

Temperature Topography Water Resources.

&
Agro-climatic Zone : C water
surplus ,
water deficit
Cropping System
the basis of
* on
Homogenity : water
surplus ,
water deficit

* Under National
Agricultura Research
Projet NARP & ICAR : 2
into
of Soil
Survey & land
*
Agro-ecological regions by National Bureau NBSS : 21 zone but now 20 0 subzone

o
/

o-
 N

M
S

W < J E
~

• Zone 1 – Western Himalayan Region: Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh

• Zone 2 – Eastern Himalayan Region: Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal and all North-Eastern states
• Zone 3 – Lower Gangetic Plains Region: West Bengal
• Zone 4 – Middle Gangetic Plains Region: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
• Zone 5 – Upper Gangetic Plains Region: Uttar Pradesh
• Zone 6 – Trans-Gangetic Plains Region: Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan
• Zone 7 – Eastern Plateau and Hills Region: Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal
• Zone 8 – Central Plateau and Hills Region: MP, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
• Zone 9 – Western Plateau and Hills Region: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
• Zone 10 – Southern Plateau and Hills Region: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
• Zone 11 – East Coast Plains and Hills Region: Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
• Zone 12 – West Coast Plains and Ghat Region: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra
• Zone 13 – Gujarat Plains and Hills Region: Gujarat
• Zone 14 – Western Dry Region: Rajasthan
• Zone 15 – The Islands Region: Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep
 Western
Himalayan Region :

Soil : Skelatal Soil A horizon ,

Podsolisoi Redor aterite soil , hilly brown soil .

climate : Cool & Humid

& Potato Hort Apple Apricot Pears

Imp Crop : Wheat ,
Maize ,
Paddy . : , ,

Temp Ay : 5 to 30 ° Alluvial Soil:

Soi Form from
Eastern
2
Himalayan Region : Water .

·
High Rainfall &
High Forest Cover
.
[Region wise MP State wise
high
/3 & erosion of Soil .
shifting cultivation is
practiced in
nearly cultivated area this causes
degradation
Soi : -Iluvial Soi

Climate : Humid & Sub Humid

I
Crop : Maize , , tea
Potato ,
Jute , Rapeseed
Temp : Oto 20 %

Plains
3 ower
gangetic Region :

&
· West
Bengal : mostly
°
alluvial soil.
always prone to Flood
- C
°
C
Temp : 10-20
upto 2

wheat
Crop : Rice , Jute,
Rapeseed ,

Production & (W B)
Productivity of ↑
Rice is .

Middle
Gangatic Plain
Region :

Eastern of & Bihar plains.

parts .
P

40 % total
irrigated. intensity
· is 2%
crop area
Crop
Climate Subhumid to
:
Dry
Crop : Sugarcane Paddy Maize , , ,
wheat

5
Upper Gangetic Plain
Region :
*
Irrigation efficiency :
Ratio of Amount of Water available

Remaining part of up
output to the amout of Water
Supply .
-

(input)
Crop : Rice ,
Wheat, Maize ,
Sugarcane High in Drip irrigation
irrigation intensity
· : 131 % CI : 5 %

Plain :
·
Ransganetic
irrigation intensity
~

Punjab Haryana , ,
Delhi , Rajasthan. Intensity of irrigation is defined as the
· percentage of the irrigation proposed to
Highest sown area
.

be irrigated annually. Usually the areas

Highest irrigated area
.
irrigated during each crop season (Rabi,
Highest cropping intensity. Kharif, etc) is expressed as a percentage
·
High ground water utilization .

if we have 120 it water

80 + 40 + 0
120
/100 i ,
e 100
%
Irrigation intensity
-Eastern Plateau & till
Region :

Yahastra , Up, Orissa & W B .

~
crop : Rice, Wheat , Maize

67 % Small &
marginal Farmer have 25 %
Agriland.

CentraPlateau
: en

Crop : Millet , oilseed ,

cotton , sunflower

Soil mixed : Red , Yellow , black

g Western Plateau & Hill :

Main & Some

region of M , major part of M
part of Rajastan
Netown area : 65 % 11 % Forest area 12 4 %
.

irrigated area.
by Canal .

Crop : Jowar
, Bajra
, Cotton & Wheat

50 Jowar of
Country from this
region .
% our

10 Southern Plateau & Hill :

- AP, Karnataka , TN

81 %
dry Farming .

· 111 %
cropping intensity .

This is
dryzone Agriculture.
crop : Coffee
, Cotton , cardamom
, spices
.

East Coast Plains & Hill

1
Region :

Orissa , AP &
,
N
Pondicherry
· Main Crop-Rice ,
groundnut, Ragi ,
Jowar ,
Bajra.
20 3 % .
of total nice production in India
.

·
groundnut
in India
17 5 %
. of total production .