REPORT MARCH

2023eu 2024

DATA SERIES

Environmental data collection user guide

(2023 data) – Definitions and exclusions
Acknowledgements
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 REPORT MARCH
2023eu 2024

DATA SERIES

Environmental data collection

user guide (2023 data)
– Definitions and exclusions

Revision history

VERSION DATE AMENDMENTS

1.0 March 2024 First release

Environmental data collection user guide

Contents

1. Introduction 5

2. General definitions and inclusions 6

2.1 Joint ventures 6
2.2 What is included and excluded? 6
2.3 Onshore and offshore 7
2.4 Hydrocarbon production 8
2.5 Atmospheric emissions 9
2.6 Produced water discharges 11
2.7 Non-aqueous base fluids (NABF) retained on cuttings discharged to the sea 12
2.8 Oil and chemical spills 12
2.9 Energy consumption 13
2.10 Hydrocarbon sent to flare 13
2.11 Fresh water withdrawn from the environment 14

Appendix 1: Conversion factors 16

Appendix 2: CH4 emissions sources 18

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Environmental data collection user guide

1. Introduction

The collection, collation, and reporting of upstream environmental information has been
a central part of the IOGP work programme since 1998. IOGP Member Companies are
invited to submit data relating to their exploration and production activities on an annual
basis. Submitted data are compiled, analysed, and reported in the annual Environmental
Performance Indicators Report.

Seven categories of data collection have been established to give a representative view of
performance. They are:
• gaseous emissions
• energy consumption
• flaring
• produced water
• non-aqueous drilling fluids retained on cuttings discharged to sea
• spills
• fresh water drawn from the environment

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2. General definitions and inclusions

Data are reported on a country-by-country basis for all operations where the company is
either the operator or has majority or controlling interest, and has an officer assigned as
the senior managing director of the joint venture operation.

2.1 Joint ventures

When the joint venture company is itself an IOGP Member, then the joint venture company
should report.
In the case of joint ventures where the operating company is itself not a Member of IOGP,
companies in the partnership that are IOGP Members are invited to reach agreement on
which company is to take the lead on reporting of relevant information.
Data from partnership operations (e.g., facilities for which the company owns equity but is
not the operator) are excluded.

2.2 What is included and excluded?

The following list provides examples of those operations that are included and those that
are excluded for the purpose of environmental reporting. The list is not exhaustive.
Operations which are to be included in data IOGP reporting are exploration and production
activities for which the reporting company has operational control. Examples include:
• drilling (exploration, appraisal, and production drilling)
• oil and gas extraction and separation (primary production)
• primary oil processing (water separation, stabilization)
• crude oil transportation by pipeline to storage facilities
• offshore crude oil ship loading from primary production
• onshore crude oil storage connected by pipeline to primary production facilities
• gas transportation to processing plant (offshore/onshore)
• primary gas processing (dehydration, liquids separation, sweetening, CO2 removal)
performed with the intent of making the produced gas meet sales specifications
• Floating Storage Units (FSUs)
• offshore support and standby vessels
• exploration (including seismic) activities
• activities related to geologic storage of CO2 from natural gas processing
• mining activities related to the extraction of hydrocarbons

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Operations which are to be excluded in IOGP reporting are non-exploration and production
activities and those that fall outside the operational control of the reporting company.
Examples include:
• gas processing activities with the primary intent of producing gas liquids for sale
(unless data cannot be separated out)
– secondary liquid separation (e.g., Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) extraction using
refrigeration processing)
– Ethane, Propane, Butane, Condensate (EPBC) fractionation
– Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Gas to Liquids (GTL) operations (LNG data are
being compiled separately from the exploration and production data using this
same process)
• transportation of personnel
• transportation of oil and gas after sales metering devices (LACT units) or after ship
loading at the primary production site
• storage of refined products
• partners' operations
• non-operated joint ventures, except when the operator is not an IOGP Member and
the joint venture has agreed that one company should take the lead on data reporting
• upgrading activities related to the extraction of hydrocarbons
• all other non-exploration and production activities

2.3 Onshore and offshore

Offshore refers to operations that take place at sea, including inland seas directly
connecting to oceans. Operations in bays, in major inland seas, e.g., the Caspian Sea, or in
other inland seas directly connected to oceans, are counted as offshore.
Onshore refers to operations that take place within a landmass, including those on
swamps, rivers, and lakes.

Emissions, discharges, and energy from crude oil and natural gas terminals or processing
facilities are categorized by the source of production and not the location where they occur,
e.g., where production is offshore and emissions and/or discharges are generated from an
onshore terminal, the emissions and/or discharges are to be reported as offshore.

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2.4 Hydrocarbon production

Hydrocarbon production quantities are reported in thousands of tonnes.

2.4.1 Wellhead production

The production figure requested is the gross hydrocarbon production at the wellhead.
The production quantity includes:
• hydrocarbon transferred (e.g., equity, royalties, take-in-kind)
• fuel used on site and other internal consumption
• flared and vented hydrocarbons
• hydrocarbon gas produced and deposited in geological structures other than the
producing reservoir
The production quantity excludes:
• quantities returned to the producing reservoir (recycling/re-injection)
• non-operated asset production
Production figures are reported separately for onshore, offshore, and ‘unspecified’
operations, as:
• Liquids: The total quantity in thousands of tonnes (103 tonnes) of oil and condensate
produced onshore and offshore during the year.
• Gas: Same as for liquids, but excluding condensates.

2.4.2 Export1 production

The gross hydrocarbon production that is recorded by the export meter.
The production quantity includes:
• hydrocarbon transferred (e.g., equity, royalties, and take-in-kind) at the first point of
export
The production quantity is equivalent to wellhead production but excludes:
• internal consumption
• flared and vented hydrocarbons
• hydrocarbon gas produced and deposited in geological structures other than the
producing reservoir
• quantities returned to the producing reservoir (recycling/re-injection)
• non-operated asset production
• any hydrocarbon used/emitted/injected/lost prior to the point of export

1
Could also be known as sales or marketed production.

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2.5 Atmospheric emissions

Atmospheric emissions are reported in tonnes for the reporting year.
The request for atmospheric emissions data includes the following five types of emissions.
Estimates are expected to include emissions from all significant emissions sources under
the reporting company’s operational control, inclusive of process venting, flaring, energy/
fuel combustion, and fugitive losses (e.g., unintentional leaks from equipment such as
valves, flanges, etc).
• CH4 is methane released to the atmosphere, from any source.2
• NMVOCs (Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds) are all hydrocarbons, other
than methane, released to the atmosphere.
• SO2 is the sum of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3) expressed as SO2
equivalent. In the report, this is termed SO2 and is understood as SO2 equivalents.
• NOx is the sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) expressed as NO2
equivalent. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is not included as a component of NOx.
• CO2 is carbon dioxide emitted, not the carbon dioxide equivalents of the various
greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon monoxide (CO) is not included.
• N2O is nitrous oxide released to the atmosphere.
Emissions by others relating to the generation of purchased electricity are not to be
reported.

2.5.1 Reporting categories

Atmospheric emissions are submitted under the following exploration and production
reporting categories:
• Onsite energy/fuel combustion - This category includes emissions generated
through the consumption of fuel. Typical fuel-consuming equipment types in
exploration and production operations include:
– turbines (e.g., driving compressors, generators, etc.)
– internal combustion engines
– heaters
– boilers/reboilers
– mobile sources under company’s operational control3

2 See Appendix 2 for details on emissions sources.

3 Modes 1 and 2, as defined in Section 2.3 of IOGP Report 423 - HSE management – guidelines for working together in a contract
environment (published in 2017).

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Environmental data collection user guide

• Flare – This category would include emissions generated by burning of gases (or
in some cases liquids) in a thermal destruction device, including exploration and
production flaring of associated gas (and in some cases liquids) from oil production or
well testing. Typical equipment sources in this category include:
– Flares
Methane emissions occur from flaring as a result of incomplete combustion of
flared gas (default unburned fraction is generally considered to be 2% (ref. API
Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodologies). The native carbon
dioxide from the reservoir shall be considered (if significant) as process vent
regardless of the emission point.
• Process vents – This category includes intentional emissions related to the controlled
release of gases directly into the atmosphere resulting from the process design, most
typically through a vent pipe, seal, or duct. The gases might be natural gas or other
hydrocarbon gases, water vapor, and other gases, such as carbon dioxide, separated
in the processing of oil or natural gas. Potential vent sources include:
– pressure relief vents (i.e., those not directed to flare systems)
– process vents (i.e., where not directed to flare systems), potentially including
vents of gases from wells or associated gases after separation and vent gases
from natural gas driven pneumatic controllers, natural gas driven pneumatic
pumps, compressor seals, dehydration units and gas separation units (e.g.,
amine units for acid gas removal)
– tank storage (including flashing, loading and unloading, and breathing
losses to atmosphere)
– produced water treatment
– vessel and truck/railcar loading
– maintenance (compressor blowdowns, etc., if gases not directed to flare)
– unlit flare vents
The native carbon dioxide from the reservoir shall be considered (if significant) as process
vent.
• Fugitive losses – This category would include unintentional losses to the atmosphere
from leaking equipment, e.g., valves, flanges, and fittings.
• Other/unspecified
– emissions related to events/incidents (e.g., pipeline leak or rupture)
– companies that cannot provide, at this time, a break down by source of their
emissions data for a given country, should report their emissions in this
category.

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2.5.2 Calculation methodologies

In the absence of specific country regulations, several methodologies can be used to
calculate atmospheric emissions:
• Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Methodologies for the Oil and
Natural Gas Industry, API, 2021
• Sangea Energy and Emissions Estimating System, API, http://GHG.API.org
• Ipieca - Addressing uncertainty in oil and natural gas industry greenhouse gas
inventories. Technical considerations and calculation methods. February 2015.

Other resources
• Ipieca – Methane emissions glossary, 2021: for detailed description of methane sources
• Ipieca – Climate change reporting framework. A pilot guidance document for the oil and
gas industry. 2017.
• Petroleum industry guidelines for reporting greenhouse gas emissions (2nd Edition) Joint
Ipieca/API/IOGP Report, 2011

2.6 Produced water discharges

Quantities of water are reported in cubic metres (m3) for the reporting year. Quantities of oil
discharged in produced water are recorded in tonnes.
There are four elements to the request for produced water discharges:
• the quantity of oil discharged to the surface environment4 through produced water
discharges (excluding that sent to lined evaporation ponds) in tonnes
• the quantity of produced water discharged to the surface environment4 excluding
water that is sent to lined evaporation ponds (in m3)
• the quantity of produced water sent to lined evaporation ponds (in m3)
• the quantity of produced water re-injected (in m3)
The ratio between the second and first element is the concentration of oil in the produced
water discharged.
Discharges from terminals are categorized by the location (onshore or offshore) of the
source of production, not the location where discharges occur.

4 Includes onshore and offshore

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2.7 Non-aqueous base fluids (NABF) retained on cuttings

discharged to the sea
The estimated quantities requested are the NABF portion of the discharged cuttings.
Water-based muds (WBM) and their related cuttings are not to be taken into account. Muds
or cuttings re-injected are also excluded.
Estimated quantities of NABF discharged are to be reported in tonnes for wells completed
in the reporting year.
In order to normalize the quantities of NABF discharged with drill cuttings, the volume of
cuttings generated using NADF in cubic metres (m3) associated with the reported NABF
discharges is requested.
For the purpose of this report, non-aqueous base fluids (NABF) are grouped according to
aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations as follows:

Classification Base fluid Aromatic (%) PAH (%)

Group I Diesel and conventional mineral oil >5.0 >0.35

Group II Low toxicity mineral oil 0.5 - 5.0 0.001 - 0.35

Enhanced mineral oil synthetics

Group III <0.5 <0.001
(esters, olefins, paraffins)

Because of concerns about toxicity, Group I cuttings are not discharged. Where
transportation of cuttings to shore or injection of cuttings is possible, however, these fluids
may still be in use.
Group III includes synthetic based fluids that are produced by chemical reactions of
relatively pure compounds (e.g., esters) and can include synthetic hydrocarbons (olefins
and paraffins). Highly processed mineral oils are also included (e.g., paraffins, enhanced
mineral oil-based fluid (EMBF)).

2.8 Oil and chemical spills

Spill numbers and aggregated quantities for the reporting year are requested, broken down
by spill size. The quantities are reported volumetrically in barrels.
Reporting is expected to cover oil and chemical spills including oil, oil products, chemicals,
and/or solvents during exploration and production activities.
A spill is defined as any loss of containment that reaches the environment. The spill volume
reported should reflect the volume of material that reaches the environment only (i.e.,
not inclusive of any released volume retained within secondary or other confinement).
Reported volume reaching the environment is irrespective of the quantity recovered (i.e.,
represents the gross volume reaching the environment, not a net volume remaining in the
environment).

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Spills occurring from support and standby vessels are to be included. Spills of produced
water or process wastewater are to be reported as chemical spills. Loss of containment
resulting from acts of sabotage (such as theft of oil from pipelines and storage) or
terrorism should be reported.
Spill descriptions are requested for spills greater than 100 bbl in size and for spills between
10-100 bbl in size.

2.8.1 Oil and oil products

Crude oil, condensate, and petroleum-related products containing hydrocarbons that are
used or manufactured, such as gasoline, residuals, distillates, asphalt, jet fuel, lubricants,
naphthas, light ends, bilge oil, kerosene, aromatics, refinery petroleum-derivatives, non-
aqueous drilling fluids (NADFs). Includes:
• biofuels, regardless of percentage mixture with petroleum-based materials (if 100%
methanol or ethanol it would be a chemical spill)
• the oil fraction of oil/water mixtures (e.g., emulsions, production fluids)

2.8.2 Chemical spills

Materials such as chemicals, aqueous-based drilling fluids, produced water, and other
process-related non-hydrocarbons. Examples of chemicals include methanol, ethanol,
ketones, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), sulphuric acid, caustic, molten sulphur,
stimulation acid, brine, dry salts, uncured or powdered cement. Excluded are spills of inert
solid materials such as plastic pellets, solid sulphur, barium sulphate, bentonite or cured
solid concrete as well as treated or untreated waste water.
See also Ipieca - Sustainability reporting guidance for the oil and gas industry (4th edition, 2020)

2.9 Energy consumption

Amounts of energy consumed are reported in Gigajoules (GJ).
This section consists of 2 elements:
• energy derived from onsite combustion, e.g., fuel, gas, and diesel consumption for
energy generation
• purchased energy (including electricity and steam, excluding diesel purchased as
covered in onsite combustion)
The energy content of flared or vented gas should not be included, nor should energy
exported or sold be included. Suggested calorific conversion factors are given in Appendix 1.

2.10 Hydrocarbon sent to flare

Hydrocarbons flared (or total flared) are reported in units of 1000 tonnes (103t).
Data relating to HC vented are not to be included in this flare data.

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2.11 Fresh water withdrawn from the environment

Water volumes withdrawn during the reporting year are reported in cubic metres (m3).
The definition of fresh water varies in accordance with local statutes and regulations.
Where it is not defined by local regulations, fresh water is defined for reporting purposes
as non-brackish water and may include drinking water, potable water, water used in
agriculture, etc.
Where the total dissolved solids (TDS) limit for fresh water is not defined locally, a
concentration of up to 2000 mg/l for fresh water should be used.
Water stress/scarcity: as per Ipieca guidance, when reporting qualitative and quantitative
water stress and scarcity information, the definition or indicator of stress and scarcity
should be defined by you. There is no single, universally accepted measure of stress and
scarcity and many tools and models have been developed that map the issue. However,
below are two proposed methodologies using WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas
(https://www.wri.org/aqueduct) that could be used.

Water scarcity
Sites located in an arid zone, as defined by WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas could be
classed as water scarce.

Water stress
Sites located in an area with an annual baseline water stress of “medium to high”, as
defined by WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, could be classed as water scarce.

Use and source

Where possible, the use and source are to be reported separately and data broken down
into the following categories. Note that if no breakdown is available, data should be entered
as ‘unspecified’.
Cooling water is to be excluded.

Uses
• domestic use
• drilling and completion (includes hydraulic fracturing and workover)
• firefighting systems
• pressure maintenance
• EOR or pressure maintenance
• other process uses (e.g., steam generation, washing and cleaning activities)
– includes hydro testing and mixing chemicals, desalting water
• other uses (not linked to any process)
• unspecified (use not available)

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Source
• groundwater/company owned water wells
• surface water, including water from lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers
• municipal water supplies/industrial transfer, or other water utilities
• treated municipal wastewater
• captured rainwater
• other sources
• unspecified (source not available)

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Appendix 1: Conversion factors

These conversion factors should be used only when the data are available with a standard which
differs from the required one, and when the ad hoc conversion factor is not known (for example,
when data related to the quantity of oil produced are expressed in barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) and
when the mean density of the production is not known).

The assumptions underlying the conversion factors are:

density of the oil 0.84 t m-3

density of the condensate 0.75 t m-3

density of the associated gas 1 kg m-3

density of the non-associated gas 0.80 kg m-3

density of chemicals, solvents, and all other products spilled 1.0 t m-3

Conversion factors for Section 1. Hydrocarbon production:

1 bbl of oil ≅ 0.159 m3 ≅ 0.134 t (metric tonne)

1 bbl of condensate ≅ 0.119 t

1 bbl of NGL ≅ 0.086 t

1000 m3 of associated gas ≅ 1.00 t

1000 m3 of non-associated gas ≅ 0.80 t

1000 ft3 of associated gas ≅ 28.3 m3 ≅ 0.0283 t

1000 ft3 of non-associated gas ≅ 28.3 m3 ≅ 0.0226 t

1000 bbl per day ≅ 48910 t per year

Conversion factors for Section 2. Atmospheric emissions:

CH4: Density: 0.714x10-3 t m-3 (at 0 degrees C and 1 atmosphere pressure)

SO2: Mean density: 2.89x10-3 t m-3 1 t SO3 ≅ 1.20 t SO2

NOx: Mean density 2.02x10-3 t m-3 1 t NO ≅ 0.94 t NO2

CO2: Density: 1.96x10-3 t m-3 (at 0 degrees C and 1 atmos)

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Conversion factors for Section 3. Produced water discharges:

1 bbl ≅ 0.159 m3

1 bbl per day ≅ 58.0 m3 per annum

Conversion factors for Section 4. NAF discharged on cuttings:

1 bbl of cuttings dry (assume 2.6 sg. – Shale) @0.412 t (metric tonne)

1 bbl of NAF (assume 0.8 sg.) @0.127 t (metric tonne)

Conversion factors for Section 5. Spills:

1 bbl of oil ≅ 0.159 m3 ≅ 0.159 m3 or ≅ 0.134 t

1 bbl of condensate ≅ 0.119 t

1 bbl of chemicals & others ≅ 0.159 t

Conversion factors for Section 6. Energy Consumption:

1 calorie = 4.1868 joule

GCV = gross calorific value (= Higher heating value, HHV)

NCV = net calorific value (= Lower heating value, LHV)

Diesel qualities (density and heating value) may differ from one part of the world to another.
In lack of correct (local) data, the following values may be used:

1 t of diesel oil ≅ 42.8 GJ (Gigajoules)

1 m3 of diesel oil ≅ 36.0 GJ, assuming a density of 0.84 t/m3

Field specific data for net calorific values (NCV) should be used if available. If such data are
unavailable, the following values can be used:

1 Sm3 of natural gas (gas fields) ≅ 38 MJ (Megajoules)

1 Sm3 of associated gas (oil fields) ≅ 42 MJ
1 Sm3 of gas, unspecified ≅ 40 MJ

Ratios between GCV and NCV depend on hydrocarbon composition. Field specific data should
therefore be used if available. If such data are unavailable, the following values can be used:

Gas: GCV/NCV ≅ 1.1

Oil: GCV/NCV ≅ 1.05
Unspecified HC (oil and gas): GCV/NCV ≅ 1.075

The following default conversion factor can be used for purchased electricity, and assumes
that the efficiency of electricity produced is 38% of the heat input:

1 kWh = 0.0096 GJ

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Appendix 2: CH4 emissions sources

The following should be used to categorise methane emissions

Examples of CH4 sources from oil and gas exploration and

Source category Main CH4 sources included
production

• pressure relief vents (i.e., those not directed to flare systems)

• process vents (i.e., where not directed to flare systems),
potentially including vent gases from natural gas driven
Intentional emissions pneumatic controllers, natural gas driven pneumatic
related to the controlled pumps, compressor seals, dehydration units, and gas
release of gases directly separation units (e.g., amine units for acid gas removal)
into the atmosphere
Venting resulting from the process
• tank storage (including flashing, loading and unloading,
and breathing losses to atmosphere)
design, most typically
• produced water treatment
through a vent pipe, seal,
• vessel and truck/railcar loading
or duct.
• maintenance (compressor blowdowns, etc., if gases
not directed to flare)
• evaporation ponds (diffuse emissions)

Unintentional losses to • Valves

Fugitive
the atmosphere from • Flanges
losses leaking equipment. • Fittings

Emissions generated by • Flares

burning of gases (or in For methane, it consists of the methane content resulting
some cases liquids) in from incomplete combustion of flared gas (default unburned
a thermal destruction fraction is considered to be 2%).
device, including
Flaring exploration and production
The native carbon dioxide from the reservoir shall be
considered (if significant) as process vent regardless of the
flaring of associated
emission point.
gas (and in some
cases liquids) from oil
production or well testing.

• turbines (e.g., driving compressors, generators, pumps, etc.)

Emissions generated • internal combustion engines
Energy/
through the consumption • heaters
combustion of fuel. • boilers/reboilers
• thermal oxidizers

Emissions related to Companies that cannot provide at this time a break down by
Other/
events/incidents (e.g., category of their emissions data for a given country should
unspecified pipeline leak or rupture). report their emissions in this category.

References
Ipieca-IOGP-API Sustainability reporting guidance for the oil and gas industry (4th edition, 2020)
https://www.Ipieca.org/our-work/sustainability-reporting/sustainability-reporting-guidance/
IOGP-Ipieca Methane Emissions Glossary
https://www.iogp.org/bookstore/product/methane-emissions-glossary/

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