Binary Arithmetic

BINARY ADDITION
The two numbers (or terms) to be added are aligned at the radix point and
addition begins at the least significant bit. If the sum of the least significant
position yields a value with two bits (e.g., 102), then the least significant bit is
recorded, and the most significant bit is carried to the next higher position. The
sum of the next higher position is then performed including the potential carry bit
from the prior addition. This process continues from the least significant position
to the most significant position.
BINARY ADDITION
What is the sum of 1010.12 and 1110.12 ?

1 1 1
The two numbers to be added
1010.1 has to be aligned with their
radix point

+ 1110.1 Carries are recorded at

each position and used
in the addition of the
1 1 001 . 0 next higher position

If the sum of the least significant position yields a value with

two bits (e.g., 102 ), then the least significant bit is recorded,
and the most significant bit is carried to the next higher
position
BINARY SUBTRACTION

In subtraction, the formal terms for the two numbers being operated on are minuend and
subtrahend. The subtrahend is subtracted from the minuend to find the difference. In longhand
subtraction, the minuend is the top number, and the subtrahend is the bottom number. For a
given position if the minuend is less than the subtrahend, it needs to borrow from the next
higher order position to produce a difference that is positive. If the next higher position does
not have a value that can be borrowed from (i.e., 0), then it in turn needs to borrow from the next
higher position and so forth.
 BORROW REQUIRED BORROW REQUIRED
BINARY SUBTRACTION

0 10 0 10
1011.0
- 0100.1
0 1 1 0. 1
What is the difference between 110010102 and 100110112 ?

10 or 2

- 11001010
10011011
00101111

Note that the binary

number 102 equal to
decimal 2 so instead
of expressing it as
102 denote it as 2
BINARY MULTIPLICATION

In Binary Multiplication it is important to understand four basic

rules in Binary Multiplication

0 x 0= 0
0 x 1= 0
1 x 0 =0
1x1=1
BINARY MULTIPLICATION

What is the product 10.112 and 10.12 ?

10.11 Binary Multiplication is just the

same as decimal multiplication

10.1
x __________

10 11
1
+ Apply the rules of Binary Addition.
Apply placeholders zeroes .
000 0
1 0 1 1
____________
1 10. 1 1 1
BINARY DIVISION
Division in the binary number system is just the same procedure as
division in the decimal system

00011

111 10101 Apply the rule in Binary Subtraction

111
- ______

111
- 111
______
0
BINARY DIVISION
Division in the binary number system is just the same procedure as
division in the decimal system

0101.1
10 1011.0 Apply the rule in Binary Subtraction

- _____
10
011
-
10
______
This will resort to zero and this means
- 10 were done
10