PHILIPPINE POLITCS AND - Vice President

- Senate President
GOVERNANCE
LESSON 1: ARTICLE VII:
LESSON 2: POWERS OF THE
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
• Section 1 – 23 PRESIDENT
Section 1: The executive power shall be 1. Executive Power
vested in the President of the Philippines. - Head of Government: power to choose
Executive Power – the power to carry and secretary of the different departments and
administer laws. bureaus, and ambassador of embassies.
President 2. Removal Power
– 1 man power 3. Military Power
- Head of the State - Sec 18: The President is the Commander
- Head of the Government in Chief of all the armed forces.
- cannot be reelected - Emergency Power: Known as Martial
Law which is used in lawless violence,
Separation of Power: rebellion, invasion for only 60 days and
1. Executive Congress will vote to continue Martial Law.
2. Legislative 4.Pardoning Power
3. Judicial - Sec.19
- Pardon: President grants an individual
Sec. 2: Qualifications
freedom from imprisonment
1. Natural born citizens of the Philippines
(absolute/conditional).
Jus sanguinis – by blood
- Amnesty: Congress grants a group
Jus solilloci – by birthplace
freedom.
2. Registered voters
5. Borrowing Power
3. Able to read and write
- Sec.20: President can borrow money or
4. At least 40 years of age
loan.
5. Resident of the Philippines for 10
- Monetary Board: decides the amount.
consecutive years
6. Diplomatic Power – chooses investors
from foreign countries.
• Election – Always on 2nd Monday of May.
7. Informing Power
Sec. 3: There shall be a Vice President with - Sec.23: SONA on 4th Monday of July.
the same qualification as President.
Vice President LESSON 3: CONSTITUTION
- can be reelected • Latin – Constitutio
- can be impeached – fixed, settled, established
- can be a member of Cabinet or a secretary - supreme law
of a department.
Sec. 4: The president and Vice President shall 1. 1899 Malolos Constitution (La
be elected by direct voters. Constitutio Politica)
Sec. 5: They need to take an Oath of Office/ - first republican constitution in all of Asia
Affirmation before their term starts which will - under Emilio Aguinaldo
end at the 30th of June. - consist of sovereignty of the people, civil
Sec. 6 rights, and separation of church and state
Malacanan – official residence - created the Assembly of
Malacanang – office of the president Representatives: A Unicameral Legislative
Sec. 7: Line of Succession Body
2. 1935 Constitution
- under US influence
- introduced the Commonwealth
Government
- consist of Bill of Rights
- created the National Assembly: A
Unicameral Legislative Body
- the President has 6 years term without
reelection.
- 1940 Ammendments:
- became a Bicameral and introduces the
Congress
- President’s term reduced to 4 years, but
can be reelected for 2 terms.
3. 1943 Constitution
- under Philippine Executive Commission
- gives more executive power to the
President.
4. 1973 Constitution
- under Ferdinand Marcos
- Parliamentary Government
- 1976 Amendments:
- the President is also the Prime Minister
- President can be reelected without limited
terms
5. 1987 Constitution
- Article 1 – 18
- there is a separation of power
- independence of judiciary
- rule of majority
- recognition of Almighty God
- government of laws
- supremacy of civilian authority
- 48 members of Constitutional
Commission drafted the 1987 Constitution
- the constitution is presented to President
Cory on October 12, 1986.
- February 2: Constitution Day
LESSON 4: HIERARCHY OF LAWS
• Any society has laws.
1. Constitution:
- the highest laws
- direct to all people
2. Statutes:
- created by the legislative
- legislation from people’s representative
Republic Act: highest statutes
- President can veto it
3. Ordinances: passed by LGU
Governor – Provinces
Mayor – City/Municipality
Captain – Barangay
Councelor
LESSON 5: ARTICLE VI -
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
• Section 1 – 32
Legis – lex – laws
Legislative Power:
- given to congress
- means “to propose, amend, and repeal.
Section 1: The legislative power shall be
vested in the congress of the Philippines which
shall consist of Senate and House of
Representatives
Sec 2: Senate has 24 Senators
Sec 3: Qualifications
1. Natural born citizens of the Philippines
2. At least 35 years old
3. Able to read and write
4. Registered voters
5. Resident of the Philippines for at least two
years
• Election – Always 2nd Monday of May
Sec 4: The Senator have 2 consecutive terms,
and 6 years of term.
Sec. 5: The House of Representatives shall
compose of not less than 250 members
elected from legislative district.
• The Party List constitute 20% of 250
members of HoR.
• Each city/province who have 250,000 in
population shall have 1 representative.
Types of House of Representative
1. Legislative District – voted by specific
district
2. Sectoral – voted nationwide
Sec. 6: Qualifications
1. Natural born citizen of the Philippines
2. At least 25 years old
3. Able to read and write
4. Registered voters on the district in which
shall be elected
5. Resident of the district one year preceding
the day of election.
Sec. 7: The term of the House of
Representatives is 3 years with 3 re-elections.
Sec. 16: The Senate shall elect its President
and the House of the Representatives shall
elect its Speaker of the House
Sec. 17:
Electoral Tribunal:
- faces the problems in elections
- composes of 9 members: 3 judges and 6
Senate/ HoR
Types of Electoral Tribunal
1. Senate Electoral Tribunal
2. House of Representative Electoral Tribunal
Sec. 18: Mandate is Commission on
Appointment which consist of 25 members:
Senate President, 12 Senate and 12 HoR.
LESSON 6: POWER OF
CONGRESS
1. Make laws
2. To approve appointment
3. Power of appropriation:
- budget of departments, LGU, and the
congress
4. Power of Taxation
5. Hear and decide cases of impeachment:
- House of Rep. will initiate
- Senate will be the trial
- if it is the President, the Chairman of
Chief Justice shall handle it.
6. To extend or cancel Martial Law
7. To concur amnesty
8. To amend and revise the Constitution
9. Legislative inquiry and investigation
10. Declare existence of war
LESSON 7: PARTS OF LAW
1. Title – subject matter
2. Preamble – introduction, reason for the
enactment of laws, and objectives
3. Enacting Clause
- “Be it enacted by Senate and House of
Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
Assembled”
4. Body – the proposed law
5. Effectivity Clause – time
LESSON 8: STEPS IN A PASSAGE
OF A BILL
Bill – a law in the making
Office of Senate – Pasay (National)
Office of HoR – Batasang Pambansa Quezon
City (Regional)
1. First Reading – will read the following:
Number, Title. Author
- In Senate:
Senate president will read
- In HoR:
Speaker of the House will read
2. Referral to Appropriate Committee –
Senate who are assigned in a committee will
form the Technical Working Group
- Technical Working Group: will check
and evaluate the bill and consists of
attorneys
3. Second Reading – authors will give
privileged speech
4. Debate
5. Printing and Distribution
6. Third Reading – there will be no revision
7. Referral to o ther House
8. Joint Bicameral Committee
9. Approval of Both Houses – possibility of
bill killed
10. Submission to the President – bill will
become enrolled bill
- if signed Bill will become Republic Act
- if vetoed it will return to the house it came
from and will either be a Senate Bill or H.R
bill.
 Sec. 4: The President shall have general
LESSON 9: ARTICLE X – LOCAL supervision of local government
GOVERNMENT
• Section 1 – 21 LESSON 10: ARTICLE VIII –
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
Barangay – basic political unit • Section 1 – 16

Section 1: The territorial and political Section 1: The judicial power shall be vested
subdivision of the Republic of the Philippines on one Supreme Court and in such lower
are the provinces, cities, municipalities and courts as may be provided by the law.
barangays. There shall be autonomous region Supreme Court: constitutional court
in Muslim Mindanao and Cordilleras.
Judiciary Power Scope:
• To create another territory - must have 1. Adjudicatory
income, population, land area - to settle actual controversy and grave
• ARMM members – Maguindanao, Lanao Del abuse
Sur, Tawi-Tawi, Sulu 2. Judicial Review
• There are 16 regions in the Philippines - interpret laws
- pass validity or constitutionality of laws
Sec. 2: The territory and political subdivision 3. Incidental
shall enjoy local autonomy - provide punishment
Decentralization: the process of transferring
basic powers from national to local Article XI Sec 4: Sandiganbayan for graft
government to allow maximum participation of and corruption of government officials
the citizens.
Sec. 3: The Congress shall enact local • Lower courts can be created by
government code Congress
R.A 7091 – the powers, resources, Ex. RA 1125: Court of Tax Appeals
qualifications and salary of LGU passed on
Oct. 10, 1991. Sec. 4: The Supreme Court should be
composed of one chief justice and 14
Powers: associate justices
1. Agriculture Services Sec. 6: The supreme court will supervise the
2. Health Services courts and personnel thereof
3. Public Welfare
4. Social Welfare Order of Trials:
5. Environmental Protection 1. Barangay
2. Municipal Trial Court
Qualifications - in NCR, it is Metropolitan Trial Court
1. Natural born citizen of Philippines 3. Regional Trial Court
2. Registered voters of provinces, cities, 4. Court of Appeals
municipalities and barangays,
5. Supreme Court: final decision
3. Resident for at least 1 year
4. Able to read and write
Sharia Court – Muslims
5. Age of:
- Governor/Vice: 23 of age
Sec. 7: Qualifications
- Mayor/Vice: 21 of age
1. Natural born citizen
- Barangay Captain: 18 of age
2. At least 40 years of age
3. Must engaged in the practice of law for 15 Section 1:
years 1. The civil service shall be administered by
4. A person of proven competence, integrity, the Civil Service Commission composed of a
probity, independence Chairman two Commissioners
Sec. 8: The creation of Judicial and Bar who shall be:
Council: provides list for nominees of next a. Natural born citizen
Chief Justice and Associate Justices to b. At least 35 years
President c. With proven capacity for public
administration
Members of Judicial and Bar Council d. Must not have been a candidate for any
1. Chief Justice elective position.
2. DOJ Secretary 2. The Chairman and Commissioner shall be
3. Representative from Congress appointed by the President with the consent
4. Representative from IBP of Commission on Appointment.
5. Professor of Law
6. Representative from Private Sector
Terms:
7. Retired member of Chief Justice
1. Chairman – 7 years
2. Commission – 5 years
Sec. 9: The president shall choose among the
- 1 year
nominees of Chief Justice
Sec. 11: The retirement age is 70 years old
C. Commission on Election: Section 1-11
Section 1: There shall be a Commission on
LESSON 11: ARTICLE IX – Election composed of a Chairman and six
CONSTITUTIONAL Commissioners.
COMMISSIONS Who shall be:
A. Common Provision: Section 1-8 a. Natural born citizen
Section 1: The Constitutional Commission b. At least 35 years
which shall be independent are the Civil c. Holder of a college degree
Service Commission, the Commission on d. Must not have been a candidate for any
Election and the Commission on Audit. elective position.

Sec. 2: No member of the Constitutional Terms:

Commission shall during his tenure hold other 1. Chairman – 7 years
offices. 2. Commissioners – 3 with 7 years
2 with 5 years
Sec. 4: The Constitutional Commission shall 1 with 3 years
appoint their officials and employees.
D. The Commission on Audit: Section 1-4
Sec. 7: Each Constitutional Commission shall Section 1: The Commission on Audit shall be
decide by majority rule of its members. composed of a Chairman two Commissioners.
Who shall be:
B. Civil Service Commission: Section 1-8 a. Natural born citizen
- deals with hiring, promotion of officials b. At least 35 years
and code of conduct. c. A Certified Public Accountant
Civil Service – body of employment of the d. Must not have been a candidate for any
government. elective position.