‫تكوينه في المبني للمعلوم‬

had + PP
had eaten
‫تكوينه في المبني للمجهول‬
had been+ PP
had been eaten
:‫ يستخدم الماضي التام ليعبر عن حدث في الماضي وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي‬-1
When I got home, my mother had ironed my clothes.
‫عندما وصلت البيت كانت أمي قد كوت مالبسي‬.
= First my mother ironed my clothes. Then I arrived home.
‫ ثم وصلُت إلى البيت‬، ‫أوًال أمي كوت مالبسي‬.
Notice the difference between these sentences :
‫ الحظ الفرق بين هذه الجمل‬:

When I arrived at the party, Ali had left.

‫عندما وصلُت إلى الحفلة كان علي قد غادر‬.
= Before I arrived at the party, Ali had left.

When I had arrived at the party, Ali left.

‫عندما قد وصلُت إلى الحفلة علي غادر‬.
= After I had arrived at the party, Ali left.

When I arrived at the party, Ali left.

)‫ (الحدثان وقعا في نفس الوقت‬.‫ غادر علي‬، ‫عندما أن وصلت إلى الحفلة‬
Choose :
1-I missed the train because it …………. early.
(leaves – left – had been leaving – had left)
2-She looks pale because she …… ill for a week now.
(is being – was being – has been – had been)
3-Etab sounded angry when I spoke to her. Perhaps she ………
some bad news.
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 a) had received b) had been receiving
c) was receiving d) has received
4-As I was shopping last week, I met Asmaa. I ……. her since
2000. a) haven't seen b) haven't been seeing
a) hadn't seen b) hadn't been seeing

:‫ يستخدم الماضي التام غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬-2

after ‫بعد‬ till = until ‫لغاية – حتى‬
as soon as ‫بمجرد أن‬ no sooner ….. than …. ‫ حتى‬... ‫لم يكد‬
before ‫قبل‬ hardly ….. when …. ‫ حتى‬... ‫ لم يكد‬....
by the time …. ‫قبل‬ scarcely …. when …. ‫ حتى‬... ‫ لم يكد‬.
by 3 o'clock, …‫قبل الساعة الثالثة‬ barely …. when …. ‫ حتى‬... ‫ لم يكد‬....
when ‫عندما‬

After ‫ماضي بسيط‬ ‫ماضي تام‬

As soon as
After he had done the homework, he went to bed.
‫بعد أن أدى الواجب ذهب للنوم‬.
As soon as he had done the homework, he went to bed.
‫بمجرد أن أدى الواجب ذهب للنوم‬.
..‫ بين الجملتين إذا بدأت الجملة بالرابطين السابقين‬comma ‫**الحظ استخدام‬
‫ يمكن أن تأتي في وسط الجملة‬after / as soon as ‫**الحظ أن‬

‫ وفي حالة عدم وجود‬.. as soon as ‫ و‬after ‫) بعد الرابطين‬he( ‫**الحظ وجود فاعل‬
.. ‫ أو اسم‬v.ing ‫فاعل يأتي بعدهما‬

‫ماضي بسيط‬ after ‫ماضي تام‬

as soon as
He went to bed after he had done the homework.
‫هو ذهب للنوم بعد أن أدى الواجب‬.
He went to bed as soon as he had done the homework.
.‫هو ذهب للنوم بمجرد أن أدى الواجب‬

: after/as soon as ‫الحظ أنه يمكن أيضا استخدام الماضي البسيط بدال من الماضي التام بعد‬

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 After he saw / had seen the film, he went out.

:‫ يمكن أن تأتي في وسط الجملة أو بدايتها‬after / before / when / as soon as ‫الحظ أن‬
Before he did the shopping, he cleaned/had cleaned the room.
He cleaned / had cleaned the room before he did the shopping.
:‫ بين الجملتين إذا بدأت الجملة بالروابط السابقة‬comma ‫الحظ استخدام‬

After + ‫ ماضي تام‬+ ‫ = فاعل‬Having + PP

After he had done = Having done
● He went to bed after he had done the homework. (Having …)
Having done the homework, he went to bed.

● As soon as they had arrived, we phoned them. (Having …)

Having arrived, we phoned them.
:v.+ing ‫ نستخدم‬after / before / when ‫في حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد‬

After
Before + v.+ing
When
:after / before ‫يمكن استخدام اسم بعد‬
● After his father's death, he left the country.
= After his father had died, he left the country.

:‫ في الماضي‬by the time ‫ الحظ استخدام‬

By the time + ‫ماضي تام‬ ‫ماضي بسيط‬

● By the time my friend arrived, I had finished my homework.
‫ يتوقف علي أي الحدثين وقع أوال‬when ‫استخدام الماضي التام مع‬
● When she arrived, we had finished our lunch.
= We had finished before she arrived.

● When I had finished work, I went home.

= After I had finished work, I went home.

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‫ في الماضي البسيط ف••ان الفع••ل بع••دها ه••و ال••ذي ح••دث‬when ‫وبصفة عامة عندما يكون الفعالن مع‬
:‫أوال‬
● When the play ended, the audience went home.
● When he opened the window, the bird flew out.

ing : ‫ ويأتي بعدها الفعل مضافا له‬when ‫ بدال من‬on ‫أحيانا تستخدم‬
● When she saw the robber, she called the police.
On seeing the robber, she called the police.

Before + ‫ماضي بسيط‬ ‫ماضي تام‬

● First we turned off the lights. Then we left. (Before)
Before we left, we had turned off the lights.

‫ ماضي بسيط منفى‬+ till / until ‫ماضي تام‬

:‫ في وسط الجملة و قبلها الماضي البسيط (منفي) و بعدها الماضي التام‬till/ until ‫تأتي‬
Before he left, I had given him permission.
He didn’t leave until I had given him permission.
After she had typed the letter, she posted it. (until)
She didn’t post the letter until she had typed it.

: ‫ دائما منفي بل قد تكون الجملة أحيانا مثبتة‬till/until ‫ال يكون الماضي البسيط قبل‬
He stayed in bed until half past nine.
‫ بش••رط أن تك••ون الجمل••ة في الماض••ي والح••دث بع••د‬because ‫ أحيانا يستخدم الماضي التام بعد‬
:‫ هو الذي حدث أوال‬because
The teacher was pleased because all his students had passed the test.
 He looked tired yesterday because he had slept badly the night before.
 Leila was late for school because the bus had broken down.
He was angry because he had lost his job.

:‫يستخدم الماضي التام مع الكلمات الدالة علي المضارع التام إذا كان في الجملة ماضي بسيط‬
for / ever / never / already / yet / just
 The film has already started. (present perfect)
:already ‫في الجملة السابقة استخدمنا المضارع التام لوجود فعل واحد مع‬
 The film had already started when I arrived. (past perfect)

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 :‫ والحظ الفرق أيضا بين الجملتين اآلتيتين‬
The man sitting next to me on the plane is nervous. He has never flown
before.
The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous. He had never flown
before.
More Examples:
 When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started.
 When I met him, he hadn't finished his homework yet.
 When I arrived home, my father had just left.
 When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my house and had
stolen my jewelry.
 It was the best novel I had ever read.
 The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it yet.
:‫ويستخدم الماضي التام أيضا في غير المباشر‬
She said she had seen the film the night before.
:‫ وهذه الجملة كانت أصال ماضي بسيط في المباشر وحولناه إلي الماضي التام في غير المباشر‬
She said, "I saw the film last night."

:‫ ومعناها قبل ذلك الوقت‬By then ‫الحظ استخدام الماضي التام بعد‬
He arrived at the party at 11 o'clock yesterday. By then, most guests
had left.
:‫ للتعبير عن التمني في الماضي‬wish ‫ويستخدم الماضي التام بعد‬
I wish I had seen my friends yesterday.

:‫ في الحالة الثالثة‬if ‫ويستخدم الماضي التام أيضا بعد‬

If I had known he was ill, I would have visited him.
:‫الحظ استخدام الماضي التام مع التعبيرات اآلتية‬

It was only when + ‫ ماضي تام‬that ‫ماضي بسيط‬

As soon as they had arrived at home, they slept. (It was only …)
It was only when they had arrived at home that they slept.

It wasn't until + ‫ ماضي تام‬that ‫ماضي بسيط‬

She didn't laugh until she had heard the joke. (It wasn't…)
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 It wasn't until she had heard the joke that she laughed.

:‫الحظ استخدام الماضي التام مع‬

‫ حتى‬.….………… )‫……………… لم يكد (بمجرد أن‬.

no sooner than
‫ فاعل‬+ had + hardly + PP when + ‫ماضي بسيط‬
Scarcely when
 She left the house. She was run over by a car. (no sooner)
She had no sooner left the house than she was run over by a car.

 He entered the office. His boss shouted at him. (hardly)

He had hardly entered the office when his boss shouted at him.
:‫ تكون الجملة علي شكل سؤال‬، ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة بإحدى الكلمات السابقة‬
She left the house. She was run over by a car. (No sooner..)
No sooner had she left the house than she was run over by a car.

:‫وفي حالة المبني للمجهول في الماضي التام نستخدم‬

Had been + PP
He said that he had cleaned the room.
He said that the room had been cleaned.

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

‫الماضي التام المستمر‬
:‫ويتكون من‬
had been + v+ing
‫ ويستخدم الماضي التام المستمر ليعبر عن حدث استمر لفترة في الماضي قبل وقوع حدث آخر‬
: when/since / for/ all day / all weekend ‫ويستخدم عادة مع‬
wait / do / study / live / work / ‫ويأتي عادة مع أفعال يمكن أن تستغرق فترة طويلة مثل‬
stay / play / watch / sleep / paint / read / write / talk / run / walk /
:travel, ..etc
When I arrived home, he had been cleaning the room for two hours. hours
They had been waiting for an hour before the train arrived.
What had he been doing when the accident happened?
There were floods because it had been raining for three days.

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 He was tired because he had been working since dawn.
He was covered in paint. He had been painting the room since we left.
Our game of tennis was interrupted. We had been playing for an hour
when it started to rain.
: ‫الحظ أن هناك أفعال ال تستخدم في األزمنة المستمرة عموما ومنها الماضي التام المستمر‬
: ‫وهذه األفعال هي‬
love ‫يحب‬ like ‫يحب‬ hate ‫ يكره‬prefer ‫يفضل‬
want ‫يريد‬ need ‫يحتاج‬ deserve ‫ يستحق‬suppose ‫يفترض‬
mean ‫يعنى‬ understand‫ يفهم‬believe ‫ يصدق‬remember ‫يتذكر‬
contain ‫يحوى‬ consist ‫ يتكون‬know ‫ يعرف‬belong ‫يخص‬
see ‫يرى‬ hear ‫يسمع‬ smell ‫ يشم‬taste ‫يتذوق‬
recognize ‫ يتعرف على‬realize ‫يدرك‬ surprise ‫ يفاجئ‬astonish ‫يدهش‬
seem ‫يبدو‬ possess ‫ يمتلك‬own ‫ يمتلك‬depend ‫يعتمد‬
concern ‫يتعلق بـ‬/‫ يهم‬matter ‫يهم‬ lack ‫ ينقص‬owe ‫يدين‬
weigh ‫يزن‬ measure ‫ يقيس‬agree ‫يوافق‬

We were good friends. We had known each other for 10 years.

.‫ومن الخطأ استخدام الماضي التام المستمر في الجملة السابقة‬

‫كما ال يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر مع األفع••ال ال••تي ال تس••تغرق ع••ادة ف••ترة طويل••ة في ح••دوثها مث••ل‬
:‫ وفي هذه الحالة نستخدم الماضي التام‬break down / stop / close / open/ end / finish

She was late for the meeting because her car had broken down.

:‫إذا ذكرنا مرات حدوث الفعل ال يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر بل نستخدم الماضي التام‬
When I met Ahmed, he had finished typing 3 reports.

Choose :
‫الماضي التام‬
-I missed the train because it …………. early.
(leaves – left – had been leaving – had left)
-She looks pale because she …… ill for a week now.
(is being – was being – has been – had been)

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 -Etab sounded angry when I spoke to her. Perhaps she ………
some bad news.
a) had received b) had been receiving
c) was receiving d) has received
-As I was shopping last night, I met Asmaa. I ……. her since
2000. a) haven't seen b) haven't been seeing
a) hadn't seen b) hadn't been seeing
The man sitting next to me on the plane is nervous. He has never flown
before.
The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous. He had never flown
before.

-We …….. about staying in Alexandria for our holiday, but

finally decided to go to the Red Sea.
(think – had thought – have thought – have been thinking)
-The manager changed the date of the conference , even though
he ……… 20 invitations.
a) had sent b) has sent
c) had already been sending d) has already been sending
-How many times …….. you met him before yesterday ?
a) have you met b) have you been meeting
c) had you met d) had you been meeting
-How many times …….. you met him since yesterday ?
a) have you met b) have you been meeting
c) had you met d) had you been meeting
-He said that he ……. the pyramids.
(had already been seeing – had already seen – already sees)
-They told me that the taxi …………..
a) has already arrived b) had already arrived
d) arriving d) was being arrived
-When I found my wallet I discovered that someone …… the
money out of it. (has taken – had taken – was taking – takes)
-When I arrived at the theatre, the play …….
a) has already started b)already starts
c) had already started d) had been starting
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-Ehsan was late for school yesterday because the bus ……..
down. a) had broken b) has been breaking
c) was breaking d) had been breaking
‫الماضي التام المستمر‬
-Unfortunately, even though he …….. for six months. He didn't
win the race.
(trained – had trained – had been training – trains)
-My clothes were dirty because I ……. the car all morning.
a) have been repairing b) had been repairing
c) had repaired d) have repaired
-Eglal was carrying two heavy bags. She …… the shopping at
the supermarket. a) had done b) had been doing
c) has done d) has been doing
-gehad is carrying two heavy bags. She …… the shopping at
the supermarket. a) had done b) had been doing
c) has done d) has been doing
-I ………….., that's why I was so tired.
a) had run b) had been running
c) have been running d) was running
-I ………….., that's why I am so tired.
a) had run b) had been running
c) have been running d) was running
-The car was completely damaged. No doubt he ……… too fast
when the accident took place.
a)has driven b) is driving
c) had driven d) had been driving

After ‫بعد‬
After the film ………, we left the cinema.
(ends – ending – had ended – had been ending)
-He went for a walk after he …….. dinner.
(eating – has eaten – having eaten – had eaten)
-After he ……… school , the boy worked in very ordinary jobs.
(had left – had been leaving – has left – were left)

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-Did you post the letter after ………. it ?
(had written – wrote – writing – write)
As soon as ‫بمجرد أن‬
-As soon as we ………. the house, it began to rain.
(have left – had left – leave – leaving)
-We went to the cinema as soon as we ………… our work.
(had finished – will finish – finish – have finished)
-I wanted to see him as soon as he ……….
(gone – has gone – went – going)
until = till ‫لغاية – حتى‬
-He …… her name until she had left.
(didn't tell –hadn't told – doesn't tell – won't tell)
-I didn't forgive him until I ……… the reason for his shameful
conduct. (know – am knowing – had known – has known)
-The crowd won't leave the stadium till the game ………..
(had ended – will end – ends – ending)
Before‫قبل‬
-He ……….. nothing before he saw us.
(has done – does – had done – doing)
-Before he ……. some notes on the book, he had read it.
(made – had made – makes – making)
-Mr. Magdy ……… English for five years before he married.
(has been teaching – had taught – taught – had been teaching)
-We will finish our work before we ……. to the cinema.
(went – going – had gone – have gone)
-He ……….. the questions carefully before he answers them.
(answered – answering – will answer – had answered)
-He had worked for himself before ……… this job.
(had got – got – getting – gets)
-We arrived at the stadium …….. ten minutes before the match
started. (during – since – for – no word)
By the time ‫قبل‬
-By the time we ……… the bus stop, the bus had left.
(had been reaching – had reached – reached – reach)

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-By the time he came, I …… painted three windows and a door.
a) have painted b) had painted
c) had been painting d) have been painting
-The police ……. watching the gang for long by the time they
were all arrested. (was – had been – is – have been)
-By the age of twenty, he was bored with the jobs he ………
(was doing – had done – had been doing – is doing)
When ‫عندما‬
1-When she had done the shopping, she ……… home.
(returns – will return – was returning – returned)
-He had already died ……… he reached the hospital.
(after – before – since – although)
-He ……… for ten years when he left the job.
(worked – had worked – had been working – has worked)
-When he won the Nobel prize for literature, Naguib Mahfouz
…….. for thirty years.
a) had been writing b) has been writing
c) has written c) was written
-When the phone rang, she ……. to answer it.
(ran – was running – had been running – had run)
-When the phone rang, she ………. TV.
(watched – had watched – was watching – has watched)
-The fish was fresh when I …….. it.
(buy – bought – had bought – had been buying)
-When I hear the good news, I ………. to inform him.
(was hurrying – had hurried – hurried – will hurry)
No sooner …….. than …….‫ حتى‬..... ‫ لم يكد‬......
Hardly …………. when …….
Scarcely ……….. when ……..
Barely ………….. when …….
-They had no sooner reached the theatre ……. the fire broke
out in it. (when – than – while – that)
-No sooner ……… at work than it began to rain.
(had I arrived – have I arrived – I had arrived – I arrived)

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