Crop Production And Management

Very Short Answer Type Question

Question 1: Give few examples of weedicides.

Answer: 2, 4-D

Question 2: Name the bacteria which fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Answer: Rhizobium bacteria

Question 3: What is called weeding?

Answer: The removal of weeds is called weeding.

Question 4: Name the tool used for tilling of soil.

Answer: Tilling of soil is done by using a plough.

Question 5: How are crumbs broken?

Answer: Crumbs are broken with the help of plank.

Question 6: Write 2 natural methods of replenishing the soil with nutrients.

Answer: i. Use of manure

ii. Crop rotation

Question 7: How is levelling of soil done?

Answer: The levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller.

QAnswer: Seeds can be sown manually or by seed drills.

Question 9: How is ploughing done nowadays?

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Answer: Nowadays ploughing is done by tractor driven cultivator.

Question 10: What is sowing?

Answer: Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the soil.

Question 11: Name two categories of crops based on season.

Answer: Two categories of crop based on season are kharif and rabi crops.

Question 12: What is threshing?

Answer: Separation of the grains from the chaff is called threshing.

Question 13: How are grains stored at home?

Answer: Dried neem leaves are used for storing food grains at home.

Question 14: What are called crumbs?

Answer: The ploughed field may have big pieces of soil called crumbs.

Question 15: Why is it important to level the field after ploughi

Answer: The field is levelled for sowing as well as for irrigation purposes.

Question 16: What are good quality seeds?

Answer: Good quality seeds are clean and healthy seeds of a good variety.

Question 17: Give some examples of Rabi crop?

Answer: Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed.

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Question 18: What is harvesting?

Answer: Harvesting is the cutting of the mature crop manually or by

machines.

Question 19: Name the two modern methods of irrigation that help us to use
water economically.

Answer: Sprinkler System and Drip system

Question 20: Why can paddy not be grown in the winter season?

Answer: Paddy requires a lot of water. Therefore, it is grown only in the rainy
season.

Question 21: Why proper storage of crop products is important?

Answer: Proper storage of crop products is important to prevent them from

spoilage.

Question 22: Give some examples of Kharif crop.

Ans. Examples of Kharif crops are Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, cotton,
etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1: What are the benefits of eating fish?

Answer: Fish is good for health. We get cod liver oil from fish which is rich in
vitamin D.

Question 2: How do fertilisers help farmers?

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Answer: The use of fertilisers has helped farmers to get better yield of crops
such as wheat, paddy and maize.

Question 3: How are crops categorised in India?

Answer: In India, crops can be broadly categorised into two types based on
seasons – rabi and kharif crops.

Question 4: How is harvesting done in India?

Answer: Harvesting in our country is either done manually by sickle or by a

machine called harvester.

Question 5: What is winnowing?

Answer: After threshing, grains are separated from chaff with help of wind.
This process is called winnowing.

Question 6: List some festivals that are associated with the harvest season.

Answer: Special festivals associated with the harvest season are Pongal,
Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya and Bihu.

Question 7: What is crop rotation?

Answer: Crop rotation is a method of replenishing the soil with nutrients by

growing different crops alternately.

Question 8: Why should excessive supply of water to plants be avoided?

Answer: Excessive supply of water to plants should be avoided because roots

get damaged and the plants die.

Question 9: Why some seeds float on water?

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Answer: Damaged seeds become hollow and are thus lighter. Therefore, they
float on water.

Question 10: Why does farmer rotate crops in the field?

Answer: Farmer rotates crops in the field because crop rotation helps in the
replenishment of the soil nutrients.

Question 11: What are the different sources of irrigation?

Answer: Sources of irrigation: The sources of irrigation are— wells, tube-wells,

ponds, lakes, rivers, dams and canals.

Question 12: What is the right time to spray weedicides?

Answer: The weedicides are sprayed during the vegetative growth of weeds
before flowering and seed formation.

Question 13: How is threshing carried out?

Answer: Threshing is carried out with the help of a machine called ‘combine’
which is in fact a combined harvester and thresher.

Question 14: What are the advantages of using manure in crop fields?

Answer: The use of manure improves soil texture as well as its water retaining
capacity. It replenishes the soil with all the nutrients.

Question 15: In summer, the frequency of watering is higher. Why is it so?

Answer: In summer, the frequency of watering is higher due to the increased

rate of evaporation of water from the soil and the leaves.

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Question 16: Why does the loosening of soil allow the roots to breathe
easily?

Answer: Loosening of soil allow the roots to breathe easily because air fill up
the spaces between the soil particles and provides airy soil to the roots.

Question 17: How are grains stored in godowns?

Answer: For storing large quantities of grains in big godowns, specific

chemical treatments are required to protect them from pests and
microorganisms.

Question 18: Is it a good practice to burn the stubs left in the field? Give
reasons.

Answer: No, it is not a good practice to burn the stubs left in the field
because it causes pollution. It may also catch fire and damage the crops lying
in the fields.

Question 19: How weeds are removed manually?

Answer: The manual removal includes physical removal of weeds by

uprooting or cutting them close to the ground, from time to time. This is done
with the help of a khurpi.

Question 20: What are the harmful effects of using fertilisers?

Answer: Harmful effects of using fertilisers

• Excessive use of fertilizers has made the soil less fertile.

• Fertilizers have also become a source of water pollution.
Question 21: What do you understand by agricultural practices?

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Answer: Cultivation of crops involves several activities undertaken by farmers

over a period of time. These activities or tasks are referred to as agricultural
practices.

Question 22: What is animal husbandry?

Answer: Animals reared at home or in farms, have to be provided with proper

food, shelter and care. When this is done on a large scale, it is called animal
husbandry.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1: What precautions should be taken while spraying weedicides and

why?

Answer: Spraying of weedicides may affect the health of farmers. So they

should use these chemicals very carefully. They should cover their nose and
mouth with a piece of cloth during spraying of these chemicals.

Question 2: Explain in detail the structure and use of hoe.

Answer: It is a simple tool which is used for removing weeds and for
loosening the soil. It has a long rod of wood or iron. A strong, broad and bent
plate of iron is fixed to one of its ends and works like a blade. It is pulled by
animals.

Question 3: What are fertilisers? Give some examples.

Answer: Fertilisers are chemical substances which are rich in a particular

nutrient. Some examples of fertilisers are— urea, ammonium sulphate, super
phosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium).

Question 4: Why appropriate distance between the seeds is important?

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Answer: An appropriate distance between the seeds is important to avoid

overcrowding of plants. This allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients
and water from the soil.

Question 5: Why earthworms and microbes are called friends of farmer?

Answer: The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes
present in the soil. These organisms are friends of the farmer since they
further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.

Question 6: What are kharif crops?

Answer: The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops.
The rainy season in India is generally from June to September. Paddy, maize,
soyabean, groundnut, cotton, etc., are kharif crops.

Question 7: What are rabi crops?

Answer: The crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops. Their time
period is generally from October to March. Examples of rabi crops are wheat,
gram, pea, mustard and linseed.

Question 8: Why do farmers add manure to the soil?

Answer: Continuous growing of crops makes the soil poorer in certain

nutrients. Therefore, farmers have to add manure to the fields to replenish the
soil with nutrients.

Question 9: What will happen if field is not ploughed before sowing the
seeds?

Answer: Disadvantage of not ploughing the field are:

• Seeds cannot be sown at proper depth.

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• Water and air holding capacity of soil will be poor.

Question 10: What is called a crop?

Answer: When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place
on a large scale, it is called a crop. For example, crop of wheat means that all
the plants grown in a field are that of wheat.

Question 11: What is seed drill?

Answer: This tool sows the seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths. It
ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing. This prevents damage
caused by birds. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour.

Question 12: Why traditional methods of irrigation are cheaper, but less
efficient?

Answer: The water available in wells, lakes and canals is lifted up by different
methods in different regions, for taking it to the fields. Cattle or human labour
is used in these methods. So, these methods are cheaper, but less efficient.

Question 13: How can we separate good, healthy seeds from the damaged
ones?

Answer: Take a beaker and fill half of it with water. Put a handful of wheat
seeds and stir well. Wait for some time. Are there seeds which float on water?
Seeds that float on water are the damaged ones. Damaged seeds become
hollow and are thus lighter. Therefore, they float on water.

Question 14: What are the advantages of drip system of irrigation?

Answer: Advantages of drip system of irrigation are:

• It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees.
• The system provides water to plants drop by drop. Water is not wasted at
all.
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• It is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor.

Question 15: How is turning and loosening of soil important for cultivation of
crops?

Answer: Since only a few centimetres of the top layer of soil supports plant
growth, turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so
that plants can use these nutrients. Thus, turning and loosening of soil is very
important for cultivation of crops.

Question 16: Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of
crops in a field.

Answer: Continuous plantation of crops in a field makes the soil deficient in

certain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. These nutrients
are essential for the growth of plants. As such soil does not get time to
replenish the lost nutrients, the crop yield decreases automatically.

Question 17: What are the traditional methods of irrigation?

Answer: The various traditional ways are:

• moat (pulley-system)
• chain pump
• dhekli, and
• rahat (Lever system)
Question 18: Why it is necessary to remove weeds?
Or
Why is weeding necessary?

Answer: The removal of weeds is called weeding. Weeding is necessary since

weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. Thus,
they affect the growth of the crop. Some weeds interfere even in harvesting
and may be poisonous for animals and human beings.

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Question 19: What is manure and how is it prepared?

Or
How is organic manure obtained?

Answer: Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of

plant or animal wastes. Farmers dump plant and animal waste in pits at open
places and allow it to decompose. The decomposition is caused by some
microorganisms. The decomposed matter is used as organic manure.

Question 20: Why is water essential for plant? Discuss.

Answer: Water is essential because germination of seeds does not take place
under dry conditions. Nutrients dissolved in water get transported to each part
of the plant. Water also protects the crop from both frost and hot air currents.
To maintain the moisture of the soil for healthy crop growth, fields have to be
watered regularly.

Question 21: What are the characteristics of good quality seeds?

Answer: Following are the characteristics of a good quality seed:

• It should be clean.
• It should be healthy and of good variety.
• It should have high yield.
• It should be disease resistant.
Question 22: Why is it necessary to dry the harvested food grains before
storage?

Answer: The fresh crop has more moisture. If freshly harvested grains (seeds)
are stored without drying, they may get spoilt or attacked by organisms,
losing their germination capacity. Hence, before storing them, the grains are
properly dried in the sun to reduce the moisture in them. This prevents the
attack by insect pests, bacteria and fungi.

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Question 23: Why drilling is the best method for sowing of seeds?
Or
Explain the method used these days to sow seeds.

Answer: Nowadays the seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors.
Seed drill sows the seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths. It ensures
that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing. This prevents damage caused
by birds. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour. Hence, it is
considered as the best method for sowing of seeds.

Question 24: What are the advantages of sprinkler system of irrigation?

Answer: Advantages of sprinkler system of irrigation

• This system is more useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not
available.
• Water gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining.
• Sprinkler is very useful for sandy soil.
• Water is also distributed more evenly across crops helping to avoid
wastage.
Question 25: What are the steps involved in agricultural practices?

Answer: Steps involved in agricultural practices are:

• Preparation of soil
• Sowing
• Adding manure and fertilisers
• Irrigation
• Protecting from weeds
• Harvesting
• Storage
Question 26: Why organic manure is considered better than fertilisers?
Or
What are the advantages of organic manure?

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Answer: The organic manure is considered better than fertilisers. This is

because

• It enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.

• It makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
• It increases the number of friendly microbes.
• It improves the texture of the soil.
Question 27: If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen?
Discuss.

Answer: Wheat is a rabi crop and grown in the winter season. Their time
period is generally from October to March. It needs a cool, dry, and clear
climate for better growth and yield. Kharif season is generally from June to
September. Kharif crops require a huge amount of water and hot weather to
grow. If wheat is grown in Kharif season it will be affected adversely as hot and
humid climate is not ideal for the cultivation of wheat.

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