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Indo-Norwegian Training Programme New Delhi, 27–29 May 2015

Seismic Design of Multi-Storey Buildings:

IS 1893 vs. Eurocode 8 COMPUTER MODELLING
• Structure is considered as assemblage of
members and elements  Continuum and
Presentation VII: Discrete (Skeletal) Elements
Modelling and Analysis of
• Stiffness matrix of each member/element
Multistorey Buildings
is obtained
• Stiffness matrices of various elements are
Yogendra Singh, Ph.D. assembled using compatibility
Professor, Department of Earthquake Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
www.iitr.ac.in • System of linear equations is solved

MODELLING OF FRAME STIFFNESS MATRIX OF FRAME

STRUCTURE MEMBER
 EA EA 
 L 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 
L
 12 EI Z 6 EI Z 12 EI Z 6 EI Z 
 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 
 L3 L2 L3 L2 
 0 12 EI Y 6 EI Y 12 EI Y 6 EI Y
0 0  0 0 0  0  0 
 L3 L2 L3 L2 
 GI X GI X 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 
 L L 
 0 6 EI Y 4 EI Y 6 EI Y 2 EI Y
0  0 0 0 0 0 0 
 L2 L L2 L 
 6 EI Z 4 EIz 6 EIz 2 EIz 
 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 
S    EA L2 L
EA
L2 L 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 L L 
 12 EI Z 6 EIz 12 EI Z 6 EIz 
 0  0 0 0  0 0 0 0  2 
 L3 L2 L3 L 
 0 12 EI Y 6 EI Y 12 EI Y 6 EI Y
0  0 0 0 0 0 0 
 L3 L2 L3 L2 
 GI X GI X 
 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
L L
 6 EI Y 2 EI Y 6 EI Y 4 EI Y 
 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 0 
 L2 L L2 L 
 0 6 EI Z 2 EIz 6 EIz 4 EIz 
 0 0 0 0  0 0 0
L2 L L2 L 

MODELLING OF FINITE SIZE OF

MODELLING OF SHEAR WALL
JOINTS
4
 EA 
6
5
 L

 0
12EI



S   H T S H 
 L3 
 0 6EI EI 
1  (4   ) 0

S   L2 L 1 dL 0 0 
(1   )  EA EA 
 0 0  0 1 0 0 
 
H  
L L
 0 12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI 
 3  2 0  2
 L L L3 L  0 0 1  bL
 EI 
 0
6EI
(2   )
EI
0
6EI
 2 (4   )   
3
 L2 L L L A A' B' B 0 0 0 1 
aL cL bL
12 EI
2

1 L2 GAR

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MODELLING OF COUPLED MODELLING BEAM COLUMN

SHEAR WALLS OFFSET

MODELLING OF BEAM-COLUMN
MODELLING BEAM COLUMN
JOINTS
OFFSET

(a) (b) (c)

Beam-column Joint Model as per ASCE/SEI-41 Supplement-1 (2007)for Effective
Stiffness, when Ratio of Flexural Strength of Columns and Beams Framing into
Joint is: (a) 0.8, (b) in between 0.8 and 1.2, and (c) greater than 1.2.

STIFFNESS OF RC MEMBERS MODELLING OF DUAL SYSTEMS

ASCE/SEI-41 Supplement-1
RC Member Eurocode-8 (2004)
(2007)
Non-prestressed Beam 0.3EcIg
Imbedded beam elements
Columns with design gravity loads
0.7EcIg
≥0.5Agfc’
Columns with design gravity loads 0.5EcIg Linear interpolation
≤0.3Agfc’
Columns with design gravity loads
0.3EcIg
≤0.1Agfc’ or with tension

Rigid beam end zones with the

Beam-column joint with - column flexibility extending to the
M c
0.8 joint centerline
M b

Rigid column end zones with the

Beam-column joint with - beam flexibility extending to the
0.8 
M c
 1.2 joint centerline
M b
50% of the end zones of both beam
Beam-column joint with M c
1.2
- and column within the joint extents
(a) Wall-Frame Structure (b) Analysis Model
are rigid
M b

where, Ec is Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ig is moment of inertia of gross concrete section, Ag is

gross cross sectional area, fc’ is compressive strength of concrete, Mc and Mb are nominal flexural
strength of column and beam, respectively.

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MODELLING OF IN-FILLS MODELLING OF IN-FILLS

Infills canbe modelled as Equivalent Diagonal Compressive Strut
having width a  0 .175 1hcol 
 0 .4
rinf

1
 E me t inf sin 2  4
where, 1   
 4 E fe I col hinf 
hcol =column height between centerlines of beams
hinf =height of infill panel
E fe
=expected modulus of elasticity of frame material (concrete)
1 Eme =expected modulus of elasticity of infill material
 E me tinf sin 2  4
=moment of inertia of column
1   
I col

a  0 .175 1hcol 
 0 .4
rinf  4 E fe I col hinf  Linf =length of infill panel
rinf =diagonal length of infill panel
tinf =thickness of infill panel and equivalent strut

EQUIVALENT PLANE FRAME Rigid Link Members

MODELLING
Y
• Symmetric plan
about both the
C1 C4 C7 C10
axes
C1 C4 C7 C10 C2 C5 C8 C11 C3 C6 C9 C12
• Symmetric
distribution of
X EQUIVALENT PLANE-FRAME MODEL
C2 C5 C8 C11 stiffness
IN X-DIRECTION
• Symmetric • Rigid link members have high axial stiffness
C3 C6 C9 C12 distribution of (say 1000 times of columns)
mass • Beams are also assigned high axial stiffness

Rigid Link Members

SPACE FRAME MODELLING

1. 3D Modelling with 6 DOF per node

2. Rigid floor modelling, the floor slab is rigid in its

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 plane and distributes the lateral force in various
lateral load resisting elements
EQUIVALENT PLANE-FRAME MODEL
IN Y-DIRECTION 3. In the absence of rigid floor modelling, there may
• Rigid link members have high axial stiffness be error in free vibration characteristics, column
(say 1000 times of columns) torsion and beam bending moment
• Beams are also assigned high axial stiffness

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RIGID FLOOR MODELLING RIGID FLOOR MODELLING

u1
Y
u2
Θ

U2 u3
RIGID BODY
y
U1
MOTION C1 C4 C7 C10
U3
x

X
C2 C5 C8 C11
TRANSFORMATION MATRIX

 cos sin x sin  y cos 

B   sin cos x cos  y sin 
C3 C6 C9 C12
 0 0 1 

EQUIVALENT PLANE FRAME EQUIVALENT PLANE FRAME

MODELLING FOR FRAMED TUBE MODELLING FOR FRAMED TUBE

SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS FOR

ERROR IN SIMULATNEOUS AND
DEAD LOAD
CONVENTIONAL ANALYSIS

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FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS

Drop Panel

Column Head

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FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS

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FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS

FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS
5
Hueste and Wright
Maximum Inter Storey Drift (%)

ASCE/SEI 41 [NC]
4
ASCE/SEI 41 [C]
ACI 318-05
3

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Gravity Shear Ratio
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MODELLING OF FLAT SLAB MODELLING OF FLAT SLAB

•Explicit Transverse Torsional Element Model •Equivalent width of slab
 l1 
•Interior Supports   l 2   2 c1  
 3

 l1 
•Exterior Supports   l 2   c1  
 6


 0.53 Ag f c'

MODELLING OF FLAT SLAB MODELLING OF FLAT SLAB

•Stiffness of Torsional Element • Effective Stiffness Factors
Effective stiffness
9 EC
Kt   factor
l 2 1  c 2 l 2 
3 Member Flexure Shear
rigidity rigidity
Equivalent beam 0.33 0.40
 x  x3 y
C   1  0.63 
 Column with compression due to
gravity load
0.70 0.40
 y 3
Column with compression due to
0.50 0.40
gravity load or with tension

THANK YOU !