KINEMATICS

EQUATIONS OF
MOTION
lesson 3.1
MOTION
➢Motion may be classified as uniform and uniformly
accelerated
➢Uniform and Uniformly accelerated can be describe
in terms of; displacement velocity and acceleration

Example of Uniformly accelerated is FREE FALL AND

PROJECTILE MOTION

➢The displacement, velocity and acceleration may be

obtained using; graphs, equations of motion and
calculus.

DYNAMICS
➢describes motion in terms of displacement, velocity and
acceleration.
KINEMATICS
➢the study of force in relation to motion.
TRANSLATION
used in physics for motion in a straight line.
➢commonly describe by three quantities; displacement,
velocity and acceleration.
➢Position, velocity and acceleration directed to the right of
the origin considered positive while, those that are
directed to the left considered negative.

Position- refers to the location object with respect to a

reference point or origin.
Displacement- a vector quantity that refers to the straigh-
line distance between an object’s initial and final
positions, with direction toward the final position
➢ Also described by both magnitude and direction; it is,
therefore a vector quantity
Distance- refers to the total lenght of path taken by an
object in moving from its initial to final positions.
➢distance is a scalar quantity because it is described by
its magnitude only.

SPEED AND VELOCITY

➢are used interchangeably in everyday situations.
SI unit of speed and velocity is meter per second(m/s)
SPEED
➢the distance traveled by a body in a given time.
VELOCITY
➢the rate of change of position.
➢It is the displacement of a body in a specified time
interval.
➢It is a vector quantity
➢It is the displacement divided by the total time elapsed.
AVERAGE SPEED
➢the total distance traveled divided by the total time
elapsed.
➢the speed at a particular moment in time.
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
the speed at a particular moment in time
AVERAGE VELOCITY
➢the displacement divided by the total time elapsed.
➢the velocity at a specific instant of time.
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
the velocity at a specific instant of time.
ACCELERATION
➢the rate of change of velocity.
➢a vector quantity, a change in velocity can be a change
in magnitude, a change in direction, or a change in both
magnitude and direction
Free Fall- an idealized motion of falling object, which is
acted upon only by the force of gravity

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY

➢The acceleration of a free-falling body.
➢denoted by “g”
➢9.8 m/s² at Earth’s surface
 3 CASES OF FREE FALL
1. Thrown upward
2. Thrown downward
3. Dropped
Time symmetry- means that the time required for the
object to reach its maximum height equals time for it to
return to its starting point.

Speed symmetry- shows that at any displacement above

the point of release, the speed of the body during the
upward trip equals the speed during the downward trip

LESSON 3.3 Graphical Analysis of Motion

TYPES OF GRAPHS
- Displacement-time graph
- Velocity-time graph
- Acceleration-time graph
We shall consider the time axis as the x-axis

Slope in a line
- number that measures its "steepness."
- denoted usually by a small letter ‘m’

Position-Time Graph
The numerical value of the slope gives the magnitude of the average
velocity, while the sign of the slope gives the direction. The slope can be
positive, negative, or zero. A horizontal line has a slope equal to zero.
Thus, a horizontal line in a position-time graph indicates an object that is at
rest for the time interval considered.
Velocity-Time Graph
can give information on displacement, velocity, and acceleration. A
horizontal line indicates that the velocity is constant; thus, there is no
acceleration. If the graph is a sloping straight line, the acceleration is
uniform. The slope of the line gives the average acceleration.
For nonuniform acceleration, the graph is not a straight line. The tangent
technique is again employed to get instantaneous acceleration.

a) Velocity=0 or at rest acceleration =0

b) The slopey is positive and acceleration is uniform
c) The slope is curved and accelris non uniform or not constant

Acceleration-Time Grapg
An acceleration-time graph can be a straight line or a curve. The change in
velocity for a particular ime interval may be determined by getting the area
bounded by the curve and the time axis. For mplicity, we shall be considering
uniform acceleration.

Uniform Motion
-Simplest type of motion
- constant velocity and zero acceleration

a. when displacement is plotted against time,the grapgh must be a straight

line with slope equal to v^- and y-intercept equal t the initial position x0
b. velocity time graph is a horizontal line
c. acceleration – time graph is horizontal line that coincides with x-axis