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Question 1.
Define acid.
Answer:
Question 2.
Answer:
They are corrosive in nature. Strong acids can spoil substances like human skin, clothes and paper.
Generally acids exist in liquid state but few acids exist in solid state too. E.g. Benzoic acid.
Acids change the colour of the indicators. Blue litmus paper turns red and methyl orange turns pink
when treated with acids.
Question 3.
Answer:
Question 4.
Acids:
Bases:
Question 5.
What is an indicator?
Answer:
An indicator or acid – base indicator is a chemical substance which indicates the acidic or basic
nature of a solution by suitable colour change.
Question 6.
Answer:
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react with each other to form water
and salt
Question 7.
Answer:
Bases generally exist in solid state but some bases exist in liquid state also. E.g. Ammonium
hydroxide, calcium hydroxide.
Bases give soapy touch only in aqueous media not in dry nature.
Bases are corrosive in nature. When come in contact with the skin frequently they form painful
blisters.
Bases also change the colour of the indicators. Red litmus paper turns blue when . treated with
bases. Similarly, they turn methyl orange yellow and phenolphthalein pink.
V. Answer in detail:
Question 1.
Answer:
Sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids are used to make washing and bathing soaps.
Sulphuric acid is called the king of chemicals. It is an effective dehydrating agent. It is used in various
industries to make detergents, paints, fertilizers and many more chemicals.
Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid and Sulphuric acid are important laboratory reagents.
Cells of all living organisms contain the fundamental nuclear material called nucleic acids. Animals
have deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) whereas plants contain ribo nucleic acid (RNA).
Question 2.
Answer:
Sodium hydroxide is also used in paper industries, textile industries and in the preparation of
medicines.
Question 3.
Answer:
1. Ant bite:
Whenever bees or red ants bite they inject an acid called formic acid.
To suppress the pain, a suitable base in the form of calcium hydroxide (readily available at home) is
applied to neutralise the formic acid.
2. Wasp bite:
When we are bitten by wasp, we feel the burning sensation and pain. It is due to an alkaline
substance injected by the insect.
3. Tooth decay:
The bacteria present in our mouth decompose the food particles stuck in the gaps between our teeth
thereby causing acid formation which leads to tooth decay.
When we brush with tooth powder or tooth paste containing weak bases, the acid gets neutralized.
4. Acidity:
Excessive production of hydrochloric acid in our stomach causes ulcer in stomach and food pipe.
In order to neutralize, antacids which are nothing but weak bases like aluminum and magnesium
hydroxides are used.
5. Agriculture:
Farmers add lime fertilisers such as powdered lime (CaO), limestone (CaCO3) or ashes of
6. Industries:
Effluents from the industries contain acids such as sulphuric acid. It is treated by adding lime to
neutralise it before it is discharged into rivers and streams.
Question 4.
Answer:
These strips are used as indicators to find the nature of the solution.
That means, it remains yellow. In basic solution, the colour changes from yellow to red.
Question 1.
Vinu and Priyan take their lunch at school. Vinu eats lemon rice and Priyan eats curd rice. Both lemon
rice and curd rice are sour in taste. What is the reason?
Answer:
Curd contains lactic acid. The lactic acid makes curd rice sour in taste.
Lemon juice contains citric acid. The citric acid makes lemon rice sour in taste.
Question 2.
Heshna and Keerthi are friends. Keerthi’s teeth are white without caries, but Heshna has teeth with
caries. Why? How is it formed?
Answer:
The acid is produced when sugar in foods or drinks react with bacteria present on the tooth surface.
Heshna has not cleaned her teeth well after sipping sugary drinks and snacking.
She has to brush after meals and before bed.