CREATION OF THE CROWNS OF

ARAGÓN AND CASTILE

AND THE KINGDOMS OF
NAVARRE AND PORTUGAL
 Ferdinand I and Jimena Sánchez were children of
Sancho III. Jimena was married Bermudo III, the heir of
the kingdom of León and Ferdinand was married Doña
Sancha, the sister of Bermudo, so they were brothers-
in-laws twice. This is the reason why, when Bermudo III
died in the Battle of Tamarón, Ferdinand claim the
throne of Castile and unified Castile and León,
ALFONSO V separated later among these sons, Sancho II and SANCHO III
OF LEÓN THE GREAT
Alfonso VI, who unified the kingdoms again when
Sancho II died.

BERMUDO III DOÑA JIMEÑA

FERNANDO I
SANCHA SÁNCHEZ
Ferdinand I and Jimena Sánchez were children of Sancho III. Jimena was married Bermudo III, the heir of
the kingdom of León and Ferdinand was married Doña Sancha, the sister of Bermudo, so they were
brothers-in-laws twice. This is the reason why, when Bermudo III died in the Battle of Tamarón, Ferdinand
claim the throne of Castile and unified Castile and León, separated later among these sons, Sancho II
and Alfonso VI, who unified the kingdoms again when Sancho II died in 1072.

FERNANDO I

SANCHO II ALFONSO VI
1. What were the three kings that unified the
kingdoms of Castile and León?

2. Who, when and why did definitively unify them?

3. What was the result of this union?

 Sancho Ramírez had inherited the Kingdom of Aragon, but when the last heir of Pamplona died without
descendants, of whom Sancho Ramírez was his cousin, he also inherited this kingdom, so Aragon and
Pamplona were united in 1076.

Sancho Ramírez was succeeded by three of his sons: first Pedro I, who died, as well as his children, so
Aragón and Pamplona passed on to another of his sons, Alfonso I, known as the Battler.
Alfonso the Battler married Urraca of León, so he was king consort of Castile and León. Alfonso I died
without children, although Urraca had a son from a previous marriage, so Castile and León passed on to
this son, Alfonso VII. However, Pamplona and Aragón were tested by Alfonso the Battler to the military
orders (under the control of the Church) but it was not accepted in any of the kingdoms. Instead of giving
the kingdoms to the military orders, they decided to divide Pamplona and Aragon, being the king of
Pamplona García Ramírez , and the Kingdom of Aragon to the next brother, Ramiro II.

Ramiro II was a monk and he had to be married to Inés de Poitou. The daughter they had, Petronila, who
would inherit the Kingdom of Aragon, was married to Ramón Berenguer, count of Barcelona, and in this
way the Crown of Aragon was created, in which the Kingdom of Aragon and the Catalan Counties were
unified.
SANCHO
RAMÍREZ
 Sancho Ramírez had inherited the Kingdom of Aragon, but when the last heir of Pamplona died without
descendants, of whom Sancho Ramírez was his cousin, he also inherited this kingdom, so Aragon and
Pamplona were united in 1076.

Sancho Ramírez was succeeded by three of his sons: first Pedro I, who died, as well as his children, so
Aragón and Pamplona passed on to another of his sons, Alfonso I, known as the Battler.
Alfonso the Battler married Urraca of León, so he was king consort of Castile and León. Alfonso I died
without children, although Urraca had a son from a previous marriage, so Castile and León passed on to
this son, Alfonso VII. However, Pamplona and Aragón were tested by Alfonso the Battler to the military
orders (under the control of the Church) but it was not accepted in any of the kingdoms. Instead of giving
the kingdoms to the military orders, they decided to divide Pamplona and Aragon, being the king of
Pamplona García Ramírez , and the Kingdom of Aragon to the next brother, Ramiro II.

Ramiro II was a monk and he had to be married to Inés de Poitou. The daughter they had, Petronila, who
would inherit the Kingdom of Aragon, was married to Ramón Berenguer, count of Barcelona, and in this
way the Crown of Aragon was created, in which the Kingdom of Aragon and the Catalan Counties were
unified.
 PEDRO I

SANCHO
RAMÍREZ
 Sancho Ramírez had inherited the Kingdom of Aragon, but when the last heir of Pamplona died without
descendants, of whom Sancho Ramírez was his cousin, he also inherited this kingdom, so Aragon and
Pamplona were united in 1076.

Sancho Ramírez was succeeded by three of his sons: first Pedro I, who died, as well as his children, so
Aragón and Pamplona passed on to another of his sons, Alfonso I, known as the Battler.
Alfonso the Battler married Urraca of León, so he was king consort of Castile and León. Alfonso I died
without children, although Urraca had a son from a previous marriage, so Castile and León passed on to
this son, Alfonso VII. However, Pamplona and Aragón were tested by Alfonso the Battler to the military
orders (under the control of the Church) but it was not accepted in any of the kingdoms. Instead of giving
the kingdoms to the military orders, they decided to divide Pamplona and Aragon, being the king of
Pamplona García Ramírez , and the Kingdom of Aragon to the next brother, Ramiro II.

Ramiro II was a monk and he had to be married to Inés de Poitou. The daughter they had, Petronila, who
would inherit the Kingdom of Aragon, was married to Ramón Berenguer, count of Barcelona, and in this
way the Crown of Aragon was created, in which the Kingdom of Aragon and the Catalan Counties were
unified.
 PEDRO I

SANCHO ALFONSO I URRACA

RAMÍREZ THE BATTLER OF LEON
 Sancho Ramírez had inherited the Kingdom of Aragon, but when the last heir of Pamplona died without
descendants, of whom Sancho Ramírez was his cousin, he also inherited this kingdom, so Aragon and
Pamplona were united in 1076.

Sancho Ramírez was succeeded by three of his sons: first Pedro I, who died, as well as his children, so
Aragón and Pamplona passed on to another of his sons, Alfonso I, known as the Battler.
Alfonso the Battler married Urraca of León, so he was king consort of Castile and León. Alfonso I died
without children, although Urraca had a son from a previous marriage, so Castile and León passed on to
this son, Alfonso VII. However, Pamplona and Aragón were tested by Alfonso the Battler to the military
orders (under the control of the Church) but it was not accepted in any of the kingdoms. Instead of giving
the kingdoms to the military orders, they decided to divide Pamplona and Aragon, being the king of
Pamplona García Ramírez , and the Kingdom of Aragon to the next brother, Ramiro II.

Ramiro II was a monk and he had to be married to Inés de Poitou. The daughter they had, Petronila, who
would inherit the Kingdom of Aragon, was married to Ramón Berenguer, count of Barcelona, and in this
way the Crown of Aragon was created, in which the Kingdom of Aragon and the Catalan Counties were
unified.
 PEDRO I

SANCHO ALFONSO I URRACA

RAMÍREZ THE BATTLER OF LEON

RAMIRO II INES OF
THE MONK POITOU
 Sancho Ramírez had inherited the Kingdom of Aragon, but when the last heir of Pamplona died without
descendants, of whom Sancho Ramírez was his cousin, he also inherited this kingdom, so Aragon and
Pamplona were united in 1076.

Sancho Ramírez was succeeded by three of his sons: first Pedro I, who died, as well as his children, so
Aragón and Pamplona passed on to another of his sons, Alfonso I, known as the Battler.
Alfonso the Battler married Urraca of León, so he was king consort of Castile and León. Alfonso I died
without children, although Urraca had a son from a previous marriage, so Castile and León passed on to
this son, Alfonso VII. However, Pamplona and Aragón were tested by Alfonso the Battler to the military
orders (under the control of the Church) but it was not accepted in any of the kingdoms. Instead of giving
the kingdoms to the military orders, they decided to divide Pamplona and Aragon, being the king of
Pamplona García Ramírez , and the Kingdom of Aragon to the next brother, Ramiro II.

Ramiro II was a monk and he had to be married to Inés de Poitou. The daughter they had, Petronila, who
would inherit the Kingdom of Aragon, was married to Ramón Berenguer, count of Barcelona, and in this
way the Crown of Aragon was created, in which the Kingdom of Aragon and the Catalan Counties were
unified.
 PEDRO I

SANCHO ALFONSO I URRACA

RAMÍREZ THE BATTLER OF LEON

RAMIRO II INES OF RAMÓN

PETRONILA
THE MONK POITOU BERENGUER IV
1. Who, when and why were the kingdoms of
Pamplona and Aragón unified?
4. What event led to the creation of the Crown
....of Aragon?

2. When and why they were separated again?

5. What happened to the Kingdom of Pamplona

….in 1162?
3. What did happen with the Kingdom of
Aragon and the Catalan Counties after this
separation?
 KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL

Separated from León with the

Count Alfonso Henriques (1139)
 ADVANCE OF THE CHRISTIAN
KINGDOMS AGAINST AL-ÁNDALUS
TAIFA KINGDOMS 1031

The division of the Caliphate into

small taifa kingdoms weakened
Al-Andalus militarily and
benefited the Christian
Kingdoms.

The taiga rulers obtained a

temporary peace by paying an
annual tribute of gold and
precious objects, called parias, to
the Christian kings.

These kings used this money to

grow stronger by building castles
and improving their armies.
 The king took advantage of the
division of the Caliphate into taifas
in 1031. Ferdinand I put pressure
on the taifas of Toledo, Zaragoza,
Badajoz y Sevilla with the parias
FERDINAND I
and resettled the areas of
CASTILE AND LEON
1037-1065 Salamanca and Ávila.
He unified Castiel and León again,
occupied the centre of the
peninsula, resettled the area
between the Duero and the
ALFONSO VI Central System and conquered
CASTILE AND LEON Toledo in 1085.
1065-1109
He conquered the city of Zaragoza
and resettled both, its
surroundings and Soria. He carried
out an expedition to Málaga and
ALFONSO I Granada to collect Mozarabs for
THE BATTLER the resettlement.
1104-1135
He inherited the kingdom of Aragon
and the Catalan Counties and became
the first king of the Crown of Aragon.
This union increased its military
strength, helping the Crown of Aragon
ALFONSO II
to expand southward, finalized the
CROWN ARAGON
1164-1196 conquest of Aragon as far as Teruel.
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