Embryonic Stem Cell Research Term Paper: Exploring a Complex Landscape

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A sense of pride rushed through my head as I looked down happily at my notebook after answering
a question about convection. The principal argument for embryonic stem cell research is the potential
benefit of using human embryonic cells to examine or treat diseases as opposed to somatic (adult)
stem cells. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Smith A. G., Heath J. K., Donaldson D. D., Wong
G. G., Moreau J., Stahl M., Rogers D. ( 1988 ). Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell
differentiation by purified polypeptides. Considering the lack of a general consensus of when
personhood begins, an embryo should be referred to as a person and as morally equivalent to a fully
developed human being. Darren Wogman MSc A target product profile (TPP) for ATL-104. There
are two types of human stem cells, and these are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cell lines were originally derived from mouse testicular teratocarcinomas. The
prohibition of murder extends to human fetuses and embryos considering they are potential human
beings. These cells are derivatives of the inner cell mass. And opponents continued to push for a total
ban on the research. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC), which were discovered in 2006, are
derived from skin or blood cells that have been reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like
pluripotent state that enables the development of an unlimited source of any type of human cell
needed for therapeutic purposes. Some of the most serious medical conditions such as cancer, and
birth defects are caused by abnormal cell division and differentiation. It is also evident that
embryonic stem cells have a much more robust ability to self-renew in comparison to adult stem-cells.
Stem Cells can be treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilise them to
enter the peripheral blood supply. Embryonic stem cells have many applications in medical research
Treatment of Diseases ESCs have enormous potential in the development of restorative or
regenerative medicine, in which damaged tissues are replaced by healthy ones. Since then, they have
been the subject of intense scrutiny, controversy, and advocacy. The versatility of these types of
treatments is what causes stem cell research to be such a key to the future of medicine. Whereas the
definition of personhood cannot be completely resolved on a scientific basis, it serves a central role
in the religious, political, and ethical differences within the field of embryonic stem cell research.
Since an embryo is regarded as a human being with morally obligated rights, the Principle of
Beneficence is violated, and the autonomy and welfare of the embryo is not respected due to the
destruction of an embryo in stem cell research. Research ? High schools do not prepare us for life
anymore as they once did. At this point there was a lack of understanding in how ouch a single cell
could impact the medical community. One can reject the asserted utilitarian approach to stem cell
research as a reductionist view of life because the argument fails to raise ethical concerns regarding
the destruction embryonic life for the possibility of developing treatments to end certain diseases.
Google Scholar Rastan S. ( 1982 ). Timing of X-chromosome inactivation in postimplantation mouse
embryos. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 71, 11 - 24. Google Scholar Rossant J. ( 2008 ). Stem cells and
early lineage development. Where the argument of personhood is concerned, the development from a
fertilized egg (embryo) to a baby is a continuous process. That these teratocarcinomas arise from
germ cells may be inferred from observations that teratocarcinomas are more common in the germline
than in any other tissue; that testicular tumours in mice usually arise soon after birth; and that nascent
tumours have been detected specifically within the testicular tubules of foetuses ( Stevens, 1962 ).
Patients eligible for Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) first undergo an induction therapy,
which can last upwards of 4 months. This preferable alternative considers the moral obligation to
discover treatments, and cures for life threating diseases while avoiding embryo destruction. Others
believe that the derivation and application of human embryonic stem cells will undermine the dignity
of human life. The gospel of free stem cell research Luke foretells the birth of version Jesus. As the
embryo develops, ESCs divide and differentiate to form the full complement of human body cells
required for healthy function.
The prohibition of murder extends to human fetuses and embryos considering they are potential
human beings. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Eistetter H. R. ( 1989 ). Pluripotent embryonal
cell lines can be established from disaggregated mouse morulae. Dev. Growth Differ. 31, 275 - 282.
Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Evans M. J., Kaufman M. ( 1981 ). Establishment in culture of
pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Other sources of HSCs are bone marrow and cord blood
and have differing properties regarding their usefulness in therapeutic applications (Haspel and
Miller, 2008). The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine.
But I had a rather unusual journey to loving science. In light of human stems cells potential to treat,
prevent and possibly cure disease, scientists and legislators must work in conjunction to optimize this
potential for the betterment of all while mitigating the potential negative impact to society. There is
evidence about the successful treatment of patients at various centers of regenerative medicine, for
example, at Swiss Medica. It is free stem cell not surprising that Jesus won over many Jews, since he
was Jewish himself and often opposed Rome, which frequently condemned them to sujet droit,
death. Alternatively, if such attempts are unfruitful, it may be worth further investigating the
possibility of capturing the PGC-EG transition by inductive explant culture. A workshop agenda and
a list of the workshop speakers with their biographies are included in Appendix C. There are two
types of human stem cells, and these are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Google Scholar
Rastan S. ( 1982 ). Timing of X-chromosome inactivation in postimplantation mouse embryos. J.
Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 71, 11 - 24. Google Scholar Rossant J. ( 2008 ). Stem cells and early lineage
development. Adult Stem Cells Present in tissues or organs Can differentiate into. That’s why only a
few of these stem cells are needed initially. Furthermore, he gives a very detailed account of the
small writer Annunciation. By Brandon Payne. Embryonic stem cell research is very controversial
and should be publicly funded and less regulated in the United States for many reasons.. Thesis of
Paper. Embryonic Stem Cell Research has already given results “Brain Drain” in the US. The
Analysis of a Concrete Situation A woman visits the fertility clinic to have invitro fertilization, but
the embryo is termed “not viable.” With the woman’s permission, the embryo is then used for
embryonic stem cell research. They are a virtually unlimited source of cells that can be stably. The
next large stride towards gaining understanding of the stem cell was achieved by Hans Spaceman.
First, they are unspecialized cells, meaning they can undergo cell division and renew themselves even
with long periods of inactivity. Zon says he thinks this will change the way scientists understand
diseases. This allows us to test for cures for potentially fatal diseases in ways that would otherwise
be risky or unethical. To use embryos in research, there must be a consensus of agreement from the
mother and father whose egg and sperm produced the embryo. Stem cells have a plural potentiality
and are termed pluripotent. Cells can develop into any cell They can be renewed through cell
division for long periods of time Cell division can help renew other types of cells Embryonic stem
cells Adult stem cells. As with myeloablative AlloHCT, the best outcomes are seen with early
intervention. Opponents of embryonic stem cell research would equate the actions done to destroy
the embryos as killing. These motor neurons were developed from one of James Thomson’s original
human embryonic stem cell lines. Lastly will breakdown whether or not this is something worth
investing in as an individually, a company, or globally. Embryonic stem cells for basic research and
potential clinical applications Read Stem Cell Research free Related Post of Embryonic stem cell
research paper.
The actual purpose of this research is to better human lives. Information from the Mayo Clinic
explaining stem cells and their purpose as well as the controversy surrounding them. Ppt ! However,
it is necessary to replace the free cell faulty gene rather than add a gene (the usual technique in essay
ppt current somatic cell gene therapy). T Cell depleted AlloHCT The use of T cell-depleted SCs may
improve the incidence of GVHD and confer a benefit to mortality rates. Google Scholar Crossref
Search ADS Martin G. R. ( 1981 ). Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos
cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 7634
- 7638. This is where the science has led the technology to. It is because of too costly to afford or
higher rejection rates and unsuccessful treatments. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970
by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate
professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. This definition
also highlighted some possibilities for technology from this science that caught the attention of
scientists and investors. It has been suggested that pluripotent SCs might be possible to source from
human germ cells, in which case, some of the ethical controversies over the use of embryo-derived
cells could be avoided (Kerr et al. 2006). Adult tissues can also provide a source of SCs. Some
believe strongly that we should not turn away from the promise that embryonic stem cells will
provide new therapeutic advances. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Zwaka T. P., Thomson J. A.
( 2005 ). A germ cell origin of embryonic stem cells. The schematic forms are not to scale. Fig. 1.
View large Download slide Derivation of naive pluripotent cell lines. Engraftment is a fundamental
aim of HSCs transplantation. However, there is ethical controversy surrounding the use of ESCs in
research, primarily because harvesting these cells involves destroying a human embryo. Adult stem
cells maintain and repair tissues throughout the body Examples of Adult Stem Cells Mesenchymal
Stem Cells Mesenchymal stem cells are found in many adult tissues, including the umbilical cord,
bone marrow, and fat tissue. Most embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from
eggs that have been fertilized in vitro—in an in vitro fertilization clinic—and then donated for
research purposes with the informed consent of the donors. In 2006, President Bush vetoed the Stem
Cell Research Enhancement Act stating that the federal government should not support “the taking
of innocent human life.” Although stem cells are very promising for science and can open new doors
to many new treatments in the medical field, it looks like there are still differences of opinion on
their ethical use. This may be attributable to the capacity of Erk and Gsk3 inhibition to prevent the
PGCs from progressing along their normal differentiation pathway. This type of stem cell is still
undergoing checks to reassure that it is safe to use. If Luke verified those accounts, as he said he did,
there should have been some conflicting evidence because people can have different memories of the
same event. The outgrowth displaying a red core represents the early epiblast route of ES cell
derivation; the outgrowth with a yellow core represents a longer period of culture during which
PGCs may be specified. In light of human stems cells potential to treat, prevent and possibly cure
disease, scientists and legislators must work in conjunction to optimize this potential for the
betterment of all while mitigating the potential negative impact to society. Since then, they have been
the subject of intense scrutiny, controversy, and advocacy. This book presents readers with an
account of the issues using truthful facts and resume deluxe version genuine statistics that matter to
the youth of society and cell papers their futures. Such embryos would eventually be discarded
anyway, so it can be argued that they would be better used to advance medical research. Neural Stem
Cells Neural stem cells are found in the brain and develop into nerve cells and their supporting cells (
glial cells). Today stem cells are the only cells in the world that can keep dividing and dividing
indefinitely. The challenge to our society is to achieve that balance. Embryonic stem cells can give
rise to most of the body cells and are pluripotent while adult stem cells have limited potency and
differentiate into cell types of their tissue of.
And, in certain conditions can be induced to become tissue or organ specific cells. That’s why only a
few of these stem cells are needed initially. However, it is also possible to derive ES cells from
blastomeres isolated from mouse embryos at the eight-cell stage ( Eistetter, 1989 ). Click here to buy
this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. When an embryonic stem cell is created
in a laboratory this means that cells re transferred from a precipitation-stage and then placed into a
plastic culture. These cells are transfused following high-dose chemotherapy and total body radiation.
It's a combination of three or four genes, and in a couple of weeks you go from a skin cell to an
embryonic stem cell. Embryos used as a source of ESCs are frequently obtained from IVF clinics,
where they have been frozen following fertilization. The National Research Council was organized
by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and
technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal
government. Killing, defined as depriving their victims of life, will therefore reduce their victims to
mere means to their own ends. Since the results are fairly promising, there seem to be more
advantages of stem cell research than disadvantages. Embryonic stem cells can be used for
regenerative medicine Drug Development ESCs can also be used in the development of new drugs,
which must be tested on living tissues to determine their efficacy and any possible side effects. This
has been the governing body for all patents within the United States since 871 and has many sub-
offices within each state that is better suited for handling state specific requirements, but the overall
judgment call comes from the main the office. The epiblast and hypoblast become completely
distinct, at least in the mouse embryo, by the time of implantation. For example stem cells are being
used to build a heart for a child born with a heart defect. AutoHCT efficacy has yet to be
demonstrated in renally impaired patients and this is clearly an area that requires further study and
caution. Embryonic stem cells have a higher risk of causing tumor development in the patient’s body
once the cells are implanted due to their abilities to proliferate and differentiate. However, with great
power comes great responsibility and stem cells are no exception. Bearing this in mind, scientists also
do not believe that this should derail stem cell therapies considering that there are DNA tests to
check if stem cells will turn out to be problematic or not. Having concluded that a human embryo
has the moral equivalent of a fully-fledged human being, this field of research clearly violates the
amiable rights of personhood, and in doing so discriminates against pre-born persons. Others believe
that the derivation and application of human embryonic stem cells will undermine the dignity of
human life. It is however facts that even to this day no human stem cells have been produced using
research cloning. The impacts of the controversial division are felt in both the funding of the research
and the social political view of the scientists that are working on the research. For those who believe
that life begins at conception, this raises moral objections. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC),
which were discovered in 2006, are derived from skin or blood cells that have been reprogrammed
back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state that enables the development of an unlimited source of
any type of human cell needed for therapeutic purposes. Bush took office in January 2001, one of
the first things he did was to put that decision on hold so he could reconsider it. Expenses are
another topic that we will touch on in this section as well. These include spinal cord injuries, retinal
and macular degeneration, heart failure, type 1 diabetes, and tendon rupture. Our pieces cover all
aspects of bioethics from clinical to philosophical, addressing timeless ethical dilemmas as well as
current challenges. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells What Are Stem Cells.