Unit (4): ‘atmosphere | the vapour oF gas surrounding the earth and other planets ‘cone the steep-sided top of a mountain formed by deposits from an eruption crust the outer layer of the earth mantle the section of the earth’s interior between the crust and the core tectonic plates | the shifting surface of the earth's erust ‘diminutive | very small: tiny; minuscule climax the most important or exciting point in a story oF situation to crackle | to make a lot of short, dry. sharp sounds ‘trunk the thick main stem of a tree, from which its branches grow to extinguish to stop a fire awe a feeling of great respect sometimes mixed with fear or surprise to spew to send out or force out in large amounts debris broken or tom pieces of something larger tremors slight earthquakes {fo evacuate | to move people from dangerous place to somewhere sale {to engulf | to surround and cover something or someone completel oblivious _| ot stare of something especialy what is happening around to plod to walk taking slow steps, as If your feet are heavy tide the rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every day molten describes metal or rock that is in a liquid state because of great heat Glossary: = Darkling is an old-fashioned and rare word, It is a poetic way of saying ‘in the dark’ = Rayless is used by Byron to emphasize the fact that the rays of light from the stars could no longer be seen on Earth because of the dust. = ‘Catastrophe’ comes from the ancient Greek word katastrophe meaning ‘a sudden turning’. Today, we have come to apply the word to all natural disasters, caused by earthquakes, tidal waves, forest fires, and volcanoes. = Magma is a fluid molten rock,Term disaster vielent suciden damage destroy volcano earthquake collapse evacuate trp flood supplies hurricane = Earth’s plates are huge sections of the earth's crust that move around. The plates are from 50 to 250 miles thick. Part of speech adi acl noun is a Japanese word from és meaning ‘harbour’ and nami meaning Definition something (such as a flood, tornado, fire, plane crash, etc) that happens suddenly ancl causes much suffering very forceful or intense happening, coming, or done very quickly in a way that is usually not expected physical harm that is done te something to cause (something) to end or ne longer exist ‘a mountain with a hole in the top or side that sometimes sencis out rocks, ash, lava, ete. 1a shaking of a part of the Earth's surface that often causes great damage ‘Activate Windows to break apart and fall down suddenly 10 remove (someone) from a dangerous place a bad position or situation from which it is difficult to escape a large amount of water covering an area of land that is usually dry 10 save [someone or something) from danger or harm ‘things (such as food, equipment, fuel, etc.) that are needed for a particular purpose an extremely large, powerful, and destructive storm,NAME pati CLIMATE CHANGE iA Question: What is the difference between weather and climate? © Complete the 15 sentences with the words on the left. adapt v. a> climate crisis n. cut back nv D_ desertification n, drought extinct adi ao flood n, v. forest fire n. fossil fuel n. G global warming n. greenhouse gas n [ icoagen M_ melt v P pollution n. sea level n, 1 40. 1". 42. 13, 44, 45. a) 3 A GrOUQIN Is a tong period of time without rantl happens when the earth's temperature begins to rise. ‘Too much sudden rainfall can cause s along rivers. Island nations (such as Kiribati) are very concerned about a rise in Many animals are becoming Carbon dioxide is a that is responsible for much of the change in climate. Cars and factories produce a lot of alr Coal, oll and gas are all examples of, s. Perhaps its time for us to fon things: such as fossil fuels, plastics and meat. ‘The ice caps at the North and South Poles are Ing at an alarming rate. Droughts can cause 's which may also burn down homes and create lots of smoke, Climate change Is widely considered to be an urgent problem facing us all. Itis a 7 ‘A lack of water in some countries is causing deserts to become larger. This is known as An Is the opposite of global warming. Countries, people and animals must quickly learn to toa changing worldcarry on continue eat out eat at a restaurant | give up stop doing sth you do regularly | join in participate, take part send off make a player leave a game (eg, football) take up start (a hobby, sport, etc) turn down — lower the volume of turn up increase the volume of Phrasal verbs [D] choose the correct answer. 1 You should take ............. a Sport and then you would get more exercise. Aff Bup C down 2 I'm trying to work! Could you please turn your music A down Bin Cout 3 Just ask and I'm sure the other children wil let you join... Aout Bup Cin 4 The referee sent David .. . for arguing with him. Aff B down Cup 5 This is my favourite song! TUN it wom! Aoff Bout Cup 6 A mobile phone rang, but the musician just carried . .» playing, Aon Bup Cin 7 We can't afford to eat... very often Aft Bup Cout 8 I've decided to become a vegetarian and give... .. meat. Aup Boff Couteile Mveltess —O Gross out —drawa line through sth written look up try to find information in a book, etc point out tell sb important information read out say sth out loud which you are reading | rip up tear into pieces | rub out remove with a rubber turn over —_turn sth so the other side is towards you write down — write information ona piece of paper Phrasal verbs o Write one word in each gap. — il 24th June We td) our English extn teday. was 1 dlsaster We all sad there serousty, wating tr Ars Jennings te sty v2 could lar Finally, he eld os fo ate our extn papers (9) sum she read (2 the ustructons (6 make sure we af andersteod. We had to ante flee essiys ite bs! We meron loved fl (3) ema 4Y 408 he cenay nd we hed fo wale i pen. Thad metwl ne couldn't rap cenybing (4 sont we ide & mistake: Web) 485 19) oo. needy uh (8 whole pete of peper td she gen S10 lah ele getes ser cael ad gl abe ala nas fing to ae. 10 just oatten my name (F) Al the top ofthe ls piece of paper and 1s a sl tg Me fish eee, nen Bs Jonigs ied (8) onan a re were ony Bye niales fell Dh deat || getin(to) enter a car get off leave a bus/train/ete get on(to) enter a bus/train/etc | get out (of) leave a car/building/room/etc \ | go away leave a place/sb | | go back (to) return (to) | | set off start a journey | take off leave the ground Phrasal verbs D} Match to make sentences, 1 As the plane took A away and come back again later, 2 The door is open, so you can get 7 B back there the following year. 3 We were in a hury and when we got vowwneun —C Off, held my munts hend tightly. 4 Theman seling the tickets told us to g0 .... 5 Itwas raining when we set 6 We loved the hotel so we went 7 Ray ell as he was getting 8 The tani driver asked us to get D offthe bus and coulcnt walk properly. E offon our walk, but it soon stopped. F inthe car, if you like. G cout on the right because it was safer, H onthe bus, I realised! didn't have a ticket.166 Grammar Connectives With Some time words and phrases, we use the present simple to talk about the future. We don't use will oF be going to. © er 18 call you after we solve the problem. 135 soon as Tikeall you as soon as we solve the problem: Thefore It be a few days before we find the solution. Sana 7a Twont call you until we find the solution. ‘when il be great when we find the solution. Stile Mein the office while | deal with this problem. We use the word although to express contrast. Although + subject + verb, subject = verb Although my homework was dificult, finished it before bed. @) We can azo pt though in the mide ofthe sentence ished my Homework beter be, although it was aft We use in spite of and despite to express contrast. They mean the same ting, ‘inspite of / despite + ing form, subject + verb In spite of revising for hours, | didn’t do well in the test We use however to express contrast. Subject + verb. However, subject + verb. We believed that we would find a solution. However, we were wrong. Fes a ae |The word unless means if... not or except if Unless you hurry up, we'l be late. (= If you don't hurry up, well be late) For more information about corcitional sentences, see Units 28 and 29.omectives_nit 20 The phrases in bold are wrong. Write the correct phrases. We'll have something to eat when we will get home. | won't book the tickets until you will tell me to. ‘ll come home as soon as the concert will finish. After you are going to do this test, we'll play a game. Hell send you a text message before he is going to leave. Will you go to St, Petersburg while you will be in Russi oases Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box. finish + have * leave + return + take 1 Call me as soon as you = any news. 2 She'll have to do a lot of revision before she == the exam. 3 Are they going to visit you while they in the UK? 4 Do you want to go to university after you ...... school? 5 Claire won't have a break until she - 6 The lesson can't start til the teacher ~ all her homework. Circle the correct word. 1 Although / Despite the water was cold, we still went swimming. 2 Although / Despite my mum’s got a mobile, she never uses it. 3 Although / Despite looking for hours, | couldn't find 2 nice pair of jeans. 4 Although / Despite taking a map, we stil got lost. 5 I don't like sweets, although / despite | do like chocolate, 6 We enjoyed the picnic although / despite the bad weather. Choose the correct answer. 1 itwas expensive, the CD wasn't. 5. The CD was expensive. It wasn't very good very good quality. auaity, AAlthough —-Binspite of C However Aalthough 8 despite C however 2 wm being expensive, the CD wasn't The CD wasn't very good quality, Very good quality being expensive, Aaithough —Binspiteof —C However Aalthough —B despite Chowever 3 the cost, the CD wasm't very good 7 The CD wasn't very good quality, ‘uaity it was expensive AAIthough — Binspite of -—_C However Although — Bin spite of C however 4 The CD was expensive. itwasn't 8 The CD wasn't very good quality, =. very good quality the cost. AAithough — Binspite of C However Although _B despite Chowever 167168 Complete each second sentence so t "i hing to the 1 Ifthe traffic isn’t bad, she'll be here at six o'clock. Unless the traffic bad, she'll be here at six o'clock, 2 {fit doesn’t rain, we'll go to the beach. Unless it. 1 Welll go to the beach. 3 If Pm not tired, I'l come to the party. Unless tired, Ill come to the party. 4 It Mrs Potts doesn't come, we won't have a test. Unless Mrs POUS soon we won't have a test. 5 If Sarah comes, welll watch the video. We'll watch the video unless Sarah . 6 If Mum gives me some packet money, Ill buy a new pair of jeans. won't Buy a new pair of jeans unless Mum vs» Some pocket money. t which one? One guard tel sk one question, but wi ve door the truth Here's a problem for you. Imagine you'te in a prison cell with two doors. There's a guard at each door. You can ask one of the guards one question, and then you can go through one door. a you choose the right door, you can go free. (2)... , If you choose the wrong door, you have to stay in prison forever! And it gets worse! (3) one of the guards always tells the truth, the other one always lies. And you don't know which one tells the truth. It’s an impossible situation — isn't if? No, it’s not. But (4) you're extremely careful, you might choose the wrong door. And you shouldn't choose a door (6)... you're absolutely sure it's the door to freedom. And you'll only know it's the right doar (6) anne YOU ASK the right question. So ~ if you ever find yourself in that situation, here's what you do. Say to one of the guards, ‘if | asked the other guard which door leads to freedom, what would he say? (7) of not knowing if the guard always tells the truth or always lies, you'll always get an answer that will help YOU. (B) se. you get the answer, go through the other door. Youll be free! 1 AUnless Bit C Before D As soon 2 Aln spite of B Despite € Although D However 3 AHowever B Although C Despite. D in spite of 4 Aunless B when cit D as soon as 5 Aunt Bit C when D while 6 Aunless B as soon as C before D when 7 Aalthough B However C inspite D Despite 8 ABefore B Although CAs soon as D Unless,