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Decreased stroke volume results in decreased cardiac output and hence reduces blood pressure
initially. High salt intake, lack of exercise, obesity, and depression. High blood pressure can be
controlled with effective treatments and its proper implementation. Although the disease is highly
endemic in Western countries, the number of obese people across the globe is growing rampantly.
Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. Normally,
these reflexes play a minor role, and are secondary to the intrinsic reflexes. Lowest rates of HTN in
the rural India and highest in Poland. Hence, doctors keep the patient on an observation and check
the blood pressure at intervals for several times to diagnose it. The tight skin prevents the blood from
getting pulled and the stronger muscles ensues adequate venous return, hence decrease in blood
pressure is not so obvious unlike humans (Lawlor et al, 2005). Blocking of beta- 2 receptors in the
lungs will prevent the action of adrenaline on it, but in bronchiole smooth muscles adrenaline acts
opposite to myocardium muscles which means they cause relaxation of the bronchioles normally. The
program proposal provides details on how high blood pressure can be prevented to avoid illness,
controlled, and managed in cases where people have already become ill, within an organizational
setting. Results: The total population sampled was 550 people where it was possible to determine the
sex where the disease predominates, since 92% of the hypertensive population belong to the male
sex, while 8% of the female population. 57% of the total population were classified as normotensive,
while 21% were classified as High Normal, Grade I Hypertension, and Grade II Hypertension.
Potassium balances the amount of sodium in the cells and in the blood. As it is less than critical t the
area beyond the computed t in the Unit normal curve is much greater than 0.05. Hence the
probability of chance is considered (Null Hypothesis accepted) and it is considered there is no
significant difference between two observations (in our example systolic blood pressure). All the risk
factors are in some way related to the facts and statistics that the medical science has shown. Both
automatic devices read diastolic pressure considerably lower than the mercury sphygmomanometer
(about 7 mmHg on average); agreement was better for systolic pressure. Institute for Clinical Systems
Improvement (ICSI), pp. 1-68, PDF document. Retrieved from. Both the 90217 Ultralite and 90207
Ambulatory Blood Pressure monitors are compact and lightweight to optimize patient comfort — a
key factor in successful. When high blood pressure is normal, the blood flows through smoothly
because the artery wall is smooth. Older adult weight gain, especially with the distribution of fat in
older adults, according to Colditz et al. But the other two Bela and Helen have to increase the
Cardiac Output by increasing heart rate).The systolic and diastolic blood pressure came to normal
within 3 minutes in Bella and Fit individual but took 4.5 in Helen. While the fit individual recovered
quickly in heart rate (1.5min) but Bela and Helen took around 4.5 minutes as they do not have an
athlete’s heart. Also, dark chocolate, and foods in rich with coenzyme Q10, melatonin, vitamin D can
be effective to lower the blood pressure (Nahas, 2008). One must not rely on a single reading
(Longmore 2007). They also have tight skin and stronger muscles which influence venous return.
Smoking is a very powerful factor for many health problems including high blood pressure. This
cause’s reduced urine output and cause increase in blood volume and hence cardiac output which
indirectly increase blood pressure. It can cause heart failure, stroke, high blood pressure, irregular
heartbeats and many other medical problems. Taking two to three drinks at a time can cause the body
to release hormones that increase the blood flow and heart rate, resulting in temporary raise in blood
pressure. Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the US and approximately 1
billion worldwide. The modern lifestyle lacks physical exercise in everyday routine; this is one of the
major reasons why high blood pressure along with other health problems attacks the modern
generation. The narrowed renal artery reduces the circulation of blood to the affected kidney.
The narrowed renal artery reduces the circulation of blood to the affected kidney. Diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of end-organ require regular, accurate BP measurement. A person having a
family history of high blood pressure is at a higher risk than anyone who does not have any family
history of high blood pressure. The relationship between high blood pressure and sleep pain was
thought to be due to obesity, but recently it has been found that sleep pain causes high blood
pressure regardless of weight. More than 40% of blacks suffer from hypertension and 40% of total
deaths in this racial group are because of high blood pressure and the severe complications such as
premature deaths from heart attacks or kidney failure. There are various types of complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM) treatment options that can be as effective as traditional treatment
methods for hypertension. Video Say more by seamlessly including video within your publication.
These factors include smoking, high salt intake, obesity, family history of high blood pressure,
kidney disease and stress. Therefore, such food can be adopted in the diet as CAM treatment of high
blood pressure. Normally, these reflexes play a minor role, and are secondary to the intrinsic reflexes.
Adding a device known as a sphygmomanometer and listening to the brachial artery is how blood
pressure is taken. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of arterial blood pressure measurement by Korotkow
sounds. Overall, it is necessary for the patients of high blood pressure to monitor their blood pressure
level regularly and stick with their treatments. This condition has a series of negative effects to those
suffering from it and if not effectively managed, can lead to losses in terms of life and government
expenditures.... This report gives the findings and recommendations on the Health Inequalities in
London's Hammersmith and Fulham Borough. Automated machines using oscillometric method are
slowly replacing the conventional technique. Blacks may suffer from heart diseases and
complications at an early age. Pregnant women with high blood pressure are required to take extra
care as their chronic condition may cause the threat to the heath of both the child and mother. In
younger individuals, usually women, the narrowing is caused by a thickening of the muscular wall of
the arteries going to the kidney. Social Posts Create on-brand social posts and Articles in minutes.
Medical science has discovered many risk factors of high blood pressure to make it easier for us to
avoid it. However, 90% of the people aged above 40 have high blood pressure (Ronzio 123). The
information strives to assist people in maintaining healthy life style while preventing the potential
dangers and harms of their health Background: High blood pressure, also known as hypertension,
has been one of the most common diseases during the past decade. ACE inhibitors are proved to be
effective for patients with diabetes or heart diseases, while dihydropyridine calcium channel
blockers are useful for the patients older than 60 tears (Luehr et al., 2012, p. 19-22). Most of the
patients are required to follow more than one drug for the proper treatment of hypertension, while
the patients with severe kidney diseases are required to follow 3 or more drugs to obtain required
success. Conclusions: It is necessary that all equipment used for blood pressure measurement should
be checked for accuracy on regular period. The tight skin prevents the blood from getting pulled and
the stronger muscles ensues adequate venous return, hence decrease in blood pressure is not so
obvious unlike humans (Lawlor et al, 2005). For a normal, healthy, young adult, a systolic blood
pressure reading between 100 to 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure reading between 60 to 90
mm Hg are considered normal. There are many causes for the same but two of the causes are.
Therefore, the hypothesis was rejected and the evidence supported the null hypothesis. It is alarming
to know one in three American adults chronically suffering from high blood pressure. This system
helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling salt balance and the tone - state of elasticity - of the
arteries.
While the subject is reclining, passively raise and lower the subject's arm and observe for filling and
collapsing of the veins of the back of the hand. Data were collected using an interviewer
administered questionnaire while measurements were done with standardized instruments for blood
pressure and blood sugar as well as weight and height measurements following recommended
techniques and guidelines. The signal is sent out to increase your heart rate to speed the delivery of
oxygenated blood to the cells. Generally, an increase in peripheral resistance will increase the
diastolic pressure, whilst an increase in systolic pressure will be caused by an increase in cardiac
output. Both automatic devices read diastolic pressure considerably lower than the mercury
sphygmomanometer (about 7 mmHg on average); agreement was better for systolic pressure. Some
chronic health conditions that Tai Chi may commonly be used to treat includes cardio vascular
diseases, blood circulation related diseases, emotional diseases, weight related diseases and
chiropractic conditions (Irwin, Olmstead and Oxman, 2007). Complementary and Alternative
Medicine (CAM) Treatments. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of end-organ require regular,
accurate BP measurement. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely,
please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version.
Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate the distribution for each variable. Any teenager who
is exposed to more than one of these risk factors can face severe blood pressure issues. However,
from the age of 18, there should be regular check-ups and blood pressure measures as it is the age
when it starts developing (Gregson 14). Discussion: AHT is the result of a series of interactions
between endogenous and exogenous factors in an organism that tries to adapt to the increase of the
cardiac output and the peripheral resistance of the blood vessels, which is manifested by the increase
in blood pressure figures. All the subjects above the age of 25 years, in two days per week, selected
randomly from five working days per week in a period of one month were selected. Keep on
browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. Resources Dive into our
extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Although the disease is highly endemic in Western
countries, the number of obese people across the globe is growing rampantly. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the accuracy of mercury sphygmomanometer BP-measuring devices in public
hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. This increases the risk of death from heart failure, kidney failure, or stroke.
It is determined by the quantity of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow
in the arteries. NJ: InfoBase Publishing, 2003. Print. Sheps, Sheldon G. Mayo Clinic on High Blood
Pressure. Pregnant women with high blood pressure are required to take extra care as their chronic
condition may cause the threat to the heath of both the child and mother. A healthy and strong
society is thus, what will contribute towards a successful future. This is because the heart has to
work harder to pump blood to all parts of the body. In case the drug treatment has been effective,
doctors are required to revise or modify the treatment by altering prescribed medication, lifestyle
modification, or by adopting complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments (Luehr et
al., 2012, p. 23-25). This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is
cheating. Also you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Why were physical activity and caffeine and alcohol intake the controlled variables. Despite the
variety of BP measurement methods, the ABPM method is the best method of BP recording,
especially in unstable (liable) BP readings. This report includes tips on how to use a home blood
pressure monitor, as well as advice on choosing an appropriate drug treatment strategy based on the
age and severity of B.P keeping in view any other medical problems existing in the body.
Smoking is a very powerful factor for many health problems including high blood pressure. This
condition has a series of negative effects to those suffering from it and if not effectively managed,
can lead to losses in terms of life and government expenditures.... This report gives the findings and
recommendations on the Health Inequalities in London's Hammersmith and Fulham Borough. As the
muscles are less stretched the force of contraction decreases which reduces the stroke volume.
Klodas, E. (2012, May 8). Diagnosing High Blood Pressure. WebMD. Retrieved from.
INTRODUCTION Blood pressure is defined as the pressure of blood on the walls of the arteries
when it circulates throughout the body. Calcium channel blockers and diuretics are considered as the
effective initial medications for patients of hypertension. Both automatic devices read diastolic
pressure considerably lower than the mercury sphygmomanometer (about 7 mmHg on average);
agreement was better for systolic pressure. Heart Rate: The pulse rate will increases Blood Pressure:
The force while heart contracting and relaxing will increases Procedure Procedure: 1. Since the
bleeding occurs due to the rupture of the choroidal blood vessels, an increase in the transmural
pressures of the choroidal vascular arcade that can be precipitated by elevated blood pressure, low
intraocular pressure, or combination of both may be the probable causal mechanism. Graph
Compare:Though the blood pressure and heart rates increased for all following exercise the pulse rate
was less increased in fit individual than the other two because a fit person has an athletes heart( more
volume of ventricles) and hence a larger stroke volume. We use cookies to create the best experience
for you. Medical science has figured out these risk factors to help people stay away from this
hazardous disease. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Treatments. Defects or
inaccuracy of the sphygmomanometer may be source of error in blood pressure measurement.
Concerns related to the potential ill effects of mercury on health and environment, has led to the
widespread use of non-mercury sphygmomanometers. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or
social media with custom GIFs. The systolic pressure is the peak value, at about 120 mm Hg, and this
falls to a minimum value of about 70 mm Hg in the diastolic pressure. While the subject is reclining,
passively raise and lower the subject's arm and observe for filling and collapsing of the veins of the
back of the hand. The overall pass rate was 1.3% (six devices). Twenty-five (5.2%) devices passed
all of the physical tests, 50 (10.8%) passed the leakage test, and 50 (16.5%) passed the calibration
accuracy test. QR Codes Generate QR Codes for your digital content. Severe pain can induce
bradycardia (slowing of the heart rate), hypotension, fainting and circulatory collapse. Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed in this study which was conducted between July
and December 2017. Normally Giraffes have a larger heart (hence more stroke volume) and hence
increased blood pressure than humans. Various causes can trigger this often symptom less disease.
The fact states that the excess weight can increase the strain on the heart and raises blood
cholesterol. People who are overweight are 2 to 6 times more likely to develop hypertension.
Frequent symptoms include headaches, lightheadedness, vertigo, tinnitus, and altered vision. This
study was done to compare the BP recorded by the mercury sphygmomanometer MSBP and the
automated technique using oscillometric method automated office BP (AOBP). Keep on browsing if
you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. Our bodies finally go down to its relaxed
heart rate once our body temperature adjusts.
The most practical ways to avoid these risk factors are the change of lifestyle as it is the best way to
overcome all these issues (Gupta 24), regular check-ups, a nutritious diet, physical exercise, less use
of tobacco and alcohol and controlling weight can lead to decrease the chances of high blood
pressure. Why were physical activity and caffeine and alcohol intake the controlled variables.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 12 to 24 hours is the most accurate method to confirm
diagnosis. Many people don't aware that they have B.P till they badly affected because negligence of
high blood pressure as no symptoms or warning signs appears and then only they abruptly rushed for
the medical aid. This increases the cardiac output which cause increased Blood Pressure. Essential is
the term used for high blood pressure when its cause is unknown. As people get older, they are likely
to develop high blood pressure issues. The more blood the heart pumps and the narrower arteries
resulting in high B.P. Hypertension is defined as a physical condition which indicates an increase in
the arterial blood pressure above normal. Q4. Hypertension is defined as sustained elevation in
arterial blood pressure beyond a certain range specified to age and population. Pancreas: insulin -
regulation of blood glucose level. All the risk factors are in some way related to the facts and
statistics that the medical science has shown. Some of these conditions or parameters are: Body
temperature: regulated close to 37 C blood pH: kept at 7. Frequent symptoms include headaches,
lightheadedness, vertigo, tinnitus, and altered vision. Hypertension affects approximately 50 million
individuals in the US and approximately 1 billion worldwide. NABPM is conducted less frequently
in the nighttime, whereas ABPM is conducted day and night and gives more frequent stable BP
records. Q5. Beta Blockers or Beta adrenergic blocking agents like atenolol or popanolol are used to
manage hypertension. Adding a device known as a sphygmomanometer and listening to the brachial
artery is how blood pressure is taken. Thus by inhibiting development of peripheral resistance and
after load Potassium channel activators controls hypertension. In the aorta, the baroreceptors are
found around the transverse arch of the aorta, and their stimuli travel into the vagus nerve. Nitrates
like Nitroglycerin also cause vasodilatation. There are many causes for the same but two of the
causes are. Device differences in individual patients were often much higher. As often during the
clinical testing, patients are in stress, doctors ask the patients to measure their blood pressure at home
too. Conclusion: It is very important to control blood pressure as it leads to many severe diseases. A
poor diet can also be a risk factor for high blood pressure, especially a diet that includes too much
salt. Arterial blood pressure rises with age, and an important cause in the increase in systolic blood
pressure (which rises more) is the decreased elasticity of the walls of the arteries as they become
more rigid. Patients should regularly consult with their heath care specialist for proper guidance
about medicines and blood pressure monitoring techniques. Generally, an increase in peripheral
resistance will increase the diastolic pressure, whilst an increase in systolic pressure will be caused by
an increase in cardiac output. In older individuals, the narrowing generally is due to hard, fat-
containing plaques that are blocking the renal artery. The subjects were divided into two groups as
normotensive (Group 1) and hypertensive (Group 2), and statistical analysis was performed.
Sometimes the blood vessels may lose their flexibility, or the muscles surrounding them may force
them to contract. In order to identify the causes of hypertension and to diagnose the impact of
hypertension on other body organs, health care specialist ask the patients to perform tests such as,
blood tests, liquid profile tests for measurement of different types of cholesterol, urine tests, eye
tests, CT scanning of the abdomen, and ultrasound test for kidneys (Klodas, 2012). However, the
way every person deals with stress matters a lot. Both automatic devices read diastolic pressure
considerably lower than the mercury sphygmomanometer (about 7 mmHg on average); agreement
was better for systolic pressure. The subject will recover during these breaks and thus reduce
accuracy of the study; the breaks should be no longer than 30 seconds. The role of a nurse in
hypertension care all over the world is majorly to advise, educate and consistently measure the blood
pressure of the affected patients. Video Say more by seamlessly including video within your
publication. Resources Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Alcohol
consumption should be in moderation rather regular, especially amongst youngsters who match up
with other risk factors as well (Gregson 14). Over time, the high pressure can damage the arterioles in
such organs as the liver, kidney, or brain and can also weaken the overworked heart. This decreases
the peripheral resistance, opposing the effect of the changes in heart rate and stroke volume. During
the response, the sympathetic division is needed to stimulate the adrenal glands to release the
hormones epinephrine and norepineprine which stimulate the heart to beat faster and for blood to
flow more forcefully, this effect makes most of the. Patients shouldn’t hesitate to ask their doubts,
questions, and report the effects of prescribed drugs on their health. Q5. Beta Blockers or Beta
adrenergic blocking agents like atenolol or popanolol are used to manage hypertension. Q3.
Considering the anatomy of a Giraffe and Human it will be evident that Giraffes will be less prone
to orthostatic hypotension or fainting (reduced blood supply to brain due to reduced cardiac output).
Myelinated fibres have thresholds at 50-60 mm Hg, and have a saturated response at 80-100 mm Hg,
whilst the non-myelinated C fibres have higher thresholds of over 80 mm Hg. The autonomic
nervous system works to control heart rate and, therefore, blood pressure. A poor diet can also be a
risk factor for high blood pressure, especially a diet that includes too much salt. For the average
human the normal blood pressure are 120mm Hg for systolic pressure and 80mm Hg for diastolic.
This is because what is stressful for one person may be relaxing for another. Frequent symptoms
include headaches, lightheadedness, vertigo, tinnitus, and altered vision. Williams, B; Poulter, NR,
Brown, MJ, Davis, M, McInnes, GT, Potter, JF, Sever, PS, McG. This increases the cardiac output
which cause increased Blood Pressure. Elevated chronic blood pressure enhanced cholesterol and
blood sugar levels abnormally which causes serious damage to the arteries, kidneys, and heart.
Accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is mandatory for proper diagnosis and follow-up. The
narrowed renal artery reduces the circulation of blood to the affected kidney. The lowest (diastolic
pressure) is when the ventricles relax. The modern lifestyle lacks physical exercise in everyday
routine; this is one of the major reasons why high blood pressure along with other health problems
attacks the modern generation. Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with
a simple link. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) al Affiliation Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Introduction Hypertension, i.e., highblood pressure, is one of the most familiar chronic
cardiovascular conditions, affecting over 52 million US citizens and around 1.2 billion people around
the world (Nahas, 2008).

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