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Example: Let f (x, y) = xy. Find and interpret Duf (1, 2) for
√
3⃗ 1⃗
the unit vector ⃗u = i + j.
2 2
Definition: If ⃗u = u1⃗i+u2⃗j +u3⃗k is a unit vector and if f (x, y, z)
is a function of x, y, and z, then the directional derivative of f
in the direction of ⃗u at (x0, y0, z0) if denoted by Duf (x0, y0, z0)
and defined by
d
Duf (x0, y0, z0) = [f (x0 + su1, y0 + su2, z0 + su3)]s=0
ds
provided this derivative exist.
Theorem:
Duf (x0, y0, z0) =fx(x0, y0, z0).u1 + fy (x0, y0, z0).u2
+ fz (x0, y0, z0).u3
curl(F⃗ ) = ∇
⃗ × F⃗
⃗ ⃗ ∂ ⃗∂ ⃗ ∂
∇=i +j +k
∂x ∂y ∂z
⃗i ⃗j ⃗k
⃗ × F⃗ = ∂ ∂ ∂
∇
∂x ∂y ∂z
P Q R
div(F⃗ ) = ∇
⃗ · F⃗