IDEOLOGY, ISMS AND STYLE

IN ARCHITECTURE
PPAR-TEORI ARSITEKTUR LANJUT
IDEOLOGY IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

• Ideology i s a system involving ideas that explains the v a l i d i t y

t o actions and ethos of a social, cultural, religious, p o l i t i c a l ,
or business entity. I t i s a system of ideas that aspires both t o
explain the world and t o change i t . (Karna and Mallik, 2019)

• ‘Ideology’ or set of principles which they believe in as the basis for

creating an architectural design (Billings and Akkach, 2006)
IDEOLOGY IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
POMMER (1980), MELVIN (2006)

• Classic
• Modern
• Post - Modern
Melvin, 2006
ISMS IN ARCHITECTURE
MELVIN (2006)

• BROAD CULTURAL TREND (BCT)

• ARTIST-DEFINED MOVEMENT (ADM)
• RETROSPECTIVELY APPLIED LABEL (RAL)
• REPRESENTATION OF AN IDEOLOGY (RI)
• REGIONAL OR NATIONAL TREND (RNT)
STYLE IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

• An architectu ra l sty l e i s characterized by the features that make a

building o r other structure notable and h i s t o r i c a l l y identifiable. A
sty le may include such elements as form, method of construction,
building materials, and regional character. Most architecture can
be classif i ed as a chronology of styles which change over time
ref lecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, o r the
emergence of new ideas, technology, o r materials which make new
styles possible.
( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles . Accessed
October 14th, 2020. 16.28 pm)
HIERARCHY
(MELVIN, 2006)

Ideology

Isms Isms

St yl e St ye St yl e
Melvin, (2006)
 1. H E L L E N I C C L A S S I C I S M 2. G O T H I C S C H O L A S T I C I S M ( B C T )

ANCIENT & P R - RENAISSANCE

BROAD CULTURAL TREND

HELLENE CLASSICISM 3 . R O M A N CLASSICISM (BCT) 4. ISLAMICISM (BCT)

GOTHIC SCHOLASTICISM
ROMAN CLASSICISM
ISLAMICISM
 1 SHINTOISME (RNT) 2. INDOKHMERISM

ANCIENT & P R E - RENAISSANCE

REGIONAL AND NATIONAL TREND

SHINTOISME
INDOKHMERISM 3.PRECOLUMBIANISM 4.INDISM
PRECOLUMBIANISM
INDISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.CHRISTIAN CLASSICISM (RAL) 2.PROTO CLASSICISM

ANCIENT & P R E - RENAISSANCE

RETROSPECTIVELY APPLIED LABEL

CHRISTIAN CLASSICISM
PROTO CLASSICISM
PRE CLASSICISM

3. PRE CLASSICISM

Melvin, 2006
 1. A BS O LU T IS M (BC T)

RENAISSANCE

2.ROCOCO
BROAD CULTURAL TREND

ABSOLUTISM
ROCOCO
BAROQUE
IDEALISM 3. B A R O Q U E 4. I D E A L I S M

Melvin, 2006
 1. A BS O LU T IS M (BC T)

RENAISSANCE

2.ROCOCO
REPRESENTATION OF AN IDEOLOGY

ABSOLUTISM
ROCOCO
BAROQUE
IDEALISM
3. B A R O Q U E 4. I D E A L I S M

Melvin, 2006
 1. PIETISM

RENAISSANCE

REPRESENTATION OF AN IDEOLOGY

PIETISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.REGIONAL CLASSICISM

RENAISSANCE
2.ANGLICAN EMPIRICISM

RESTROSPECTIVELY APPLIED LABEL (RAL)

REGIONALISM
ANGELICAN EMPIRICISM
INVENTIONISM
GEORGIAN URBANISM

3. INVENTIONISM

4. GEORGIAN URBANISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.NEO CLASSICISM

EARLY MODERN

BROAD CULTURAL TREND

2. SUBLIMSM
NEO CLASSICISM
SUBLIMISM
VICTORIANISM
EXOTICISM

3. VICTORIANISM

4. EXOTICISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.DECORATIVE INDUSTRIALISM 2.MONUMENTAL URBANISM

EARLY MODERN
RESTROPECTIVELY APPLIED LABEL
3.MATERIALISM 4.STRUCTURAL RATIONALISM

NEO CLASSICISM
SUBLIMISM
VICTORIANISM
EXOTICISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.MEDIEVALISM 2.ANTI URBANISM

EARLY MODERN
REPRESENTATION OF AN IDEOLOGY

MEDIEVALISM
ANTI URBANISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.BRUTALISM
MODERNISM
2.CONSTRUCTIVISM 3.FUNCTIONALISM

ARTIS-DEFINED MOVEMENT

BRUTALISM
CONSTRUCTIVISM
FUNCTIONALISM
EXPRESSIONISM 4.EXPRESIONISM
PURISM

4.PURISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.CORPORATISM 2. SKYSCRAPERISM
MODERNISM
RESTROPECTIVELY APPLIED LABEL

CORPORATISM
SKYSCRAPERISM

Melvin, 2006
 1.CORPORATISM 2. SKYSCRAPERISM
MODERNISM
RESTROPECTIVELY
APPLIED LABEL

CORPORATISM
SKYSCRAPERISM

Melvin, 2006
 2.REGIONALISM

BEYOND MODERNISM
BROAD CULTURE TREND

METARATIONALISM
REGIONALISM
ECOISM 1.METARATIONALISM

3.ECOISM

Melvin, 2006
 2.STRUCTURALISM

1.DECONSTRUCTIVISM

BEYOND MODERNISM
ARTIST-DEFINED MOVEMENT

DECONSTRUCTIVISM
STRUCTURALISM 3.METABOLISM

METABOLISM 4. POST-MODERNISM
NEO- RATIONALISM
POST-MODERNISM

3.NEO RATIONALISM
REFERENCES

• Karna, M. and Mallik, K. (2019).Theoretical Interpretations on Ideology in

Architecture and Planning. International Journal of Advanced Research in C i v i l &
Structural Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 1 - 2019, Pg. No. 10-18.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332183299_Theoretical_Interpretations
_on_Ideology_in_Architecture_and_Planning/Accessed October 14th, 2020. 16.16 pm
• Melvins, Jeremy (2006). ISMS : Understanding Architectural Style. R i zo l l i , New
York.

• Pommer, Richard (1980). Some Architectural Ideologies after the Fa l l . A r t

Journal, Vol. 40, No. 1/2, Modernism, Revisionism, Plurism, and PostModernism
(Autumn - Winter, 1980), pp. 353-361 Published by: College A r t Association in
http://www.jstor.org/stable/776600 Accessed: 27-06-2016 01:04 UTC.
(https://newcriterion.com/issues/2002/12/architecture-ideology.Accessed October 14th, 2020. 16.34 pm)
REFERENCES

• Billings, Keith and Akkach, Samer (2006). A Study of Ideologies and Methods in
Contemporary Architectural Design Teaching: Part 1: Ideology. Design Studies Volume 13, Issue 4,
October 1992, Pages 431-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(92)90171-6
• (https://newcriterion.com/issues/2002/12/architecture-ideology.Accessed October
14th, 2020. 16.34 pm)