Functions

Function
A function is a block of code that performs specific task.

Modularity

Reusability

Abstraction
Two Types of Function

Standard Library User-Defined

Functions Functions
Standard Library (Predefined)
Functions
Standard Library (Predefined)

Functions Header

printf() stdio.h

scanf() stdio.h

sqrt() math.h

pow() math.h

main()
User-defined Functions
User-defined Functions

Function Declaration, Definition, and Calling

Parameters and Arguments

Return Types and Void Functions

Scope of Variables, Local and Global Variables

Passing Arrays to Functions

User-defined Functions
User-defined functions are a block of code written by the user to perform a specific action.

Syntax

return_type function_name(parameters) {
//code to be executed
}
User-defined Function Examples
void greet() {
printf(“Happy Birthday!\n”);
}
User-defined Function Examples
#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
void greet();

int main() {
greet(); //Function call
return 0;
}

//Function definition
void greet(){
printf(“Happy Birthday!\n”);
}
Parameters and Arguments
Syntax

return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3) {

//code to be executed
}
Parameters and Arguments Examples
#include <stdio.h>

void greet(char name[]);

int main() {
greet("James");
return 0;
}

void greet(char name[]){

printf("Happy Birthday, %s!\n",name);
}
Parameters and Arguments Examples
#include <stdio.h>

void greet(char name[]);

int main() {
greet("James");
greet(”David");
greet(”Mary");
return 0;
}

void greet(char name[]){

printf("Happy Birthday, %s!\n",name);
}
Parameters and Arguments Example
#include <stdio.h>

void greet(char name[], int age);

int main() {
greet("James", 23);
greet("David",24);
greet("Mary",25);
return 0;
}

void greet(char name[], int age){

printf("Happy Birthday, %s!\n",name);
printf(“You are now %d years old.\n\n”,age);
}
Return Types and Void Functions
Return Types
A function may return a value. The return type of the function defines the data type of the
value the function will return. Common return types include int, float, char, and double.
Void Functions
If a function does not return a value, its return type is void. These functions perform an
action but do not return a value to the caller
Scopes of Variables

Local Variables

Global Variables
Local Variable Example
#include <stdio.h>

void display();

int main() {
display();
//printf("%d", localVariable); // will throw an error.
return 0;
}

void display() {
int localVariable = 10; // Local variable
printf("Local variable inside function: %d\n", localVariable);
}
Global Variable Example
#include <stdio.h>

int globalVariable = 20; // Global variable

void display();

int main() {
printf("Global variable in main: %d\n", globalVariable);
display();
return 0;
}
void display() {
printf("Global variable inside display function: %d\n", globalVariable);
}
Passing Arrays to Functions

In C, arrays cannot be passed by value to a function. However, you can

pass them by reference, which involves passing the address of the array to
the function.
Passing Arrays to Functions
#include <stdio.h>

void printArray(int arr[], int size);

int main() {
int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printArray(numbers, 5);
return 0;
}

void printArray(int arr[], int size) {

for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
Exercise 1: Balance and Interest Rate
You are developing a program for a bank. You need to write a function that
takes the balance and interest rate as input, and returns the interest earned
for a year.
 Exercise 1: Example
INPUT: OUTPUT:
Balance: 2000 Interest earned: Php 720.00
Interest Rate: 3