Human

Acts
Human Acts
• These acts are under the control of the will
and therefore done knowingly and willingly;
not acts which happen by accident, as
falling, or by nature, as growing, but acts
performed by choice, that is, after
deliberation and decision.

• Acts of man are bodily actions performed

without deliberation and in the absence of
the will.
 Elements of human Act
1. Knowledge
. It is awareness or beings conscious of one's actions including its possible
consequences.
2. Freedom of the Will.

The power to which human beings have in determining their actions

according to the judgment of their reasons.

3. Voluntariness.
Act of consenting or accepting a certain whether it is done a whole-
heartedly, half- heartedly, or non- heartedly.
Perfect Voluntariness
A person who is fully aware and who fully intends an act.

Imperfect Voluntariness
Person who acts without the full awareness of his action or without fully
intending the act.
Conditional Voluntariness
This is manifested by a person who is forced by his circumstances beyond his
control to perform an action which he would not do under normal condition.
Simple Voluntariness
This is exhibited by a person doing an act WILLFULLY regardless of whether he
likes it or not.
 Types of Acts
1. Elicited Acts (latent)
Acts performed by the WILL and are not yet bodily externalized.

Kinds of Elicited Acts

1. Wish. Refers to the tendency of the WILL towards something,

whether it is realizable or not.

2. Intention. The tendency of the WILL towards something attainable,

but w/o necessarily committing oneself to attain it.

3. Consent. Acceptance of the WILL of those needed to

carry out the intention.
4. Election. Selection by the WILL of those means effective enough to
carry out the intention. Choosing according to the dictate of his
reason.
5. Use. Command of the WILL to make use of those means elected to carry
out the intention.
6. Fruition. Expected consequence, result, or attainment of an act.

2. Commanded Acts (Manifest)

Acts done either by man’s mental or bodily powers under the
command of the WILL.
Kinds of Commanded Acts
1. Internal Actions. Mental Power under the Command of the WILL.
2. External Actions. Actions done by man’s bodily power
3. Combination Actions . Actions done by man’s mental or bodily
power.
 SOURCE OF MORALITY

1. OBJECT CHOSEN. (Direction of the WILL)

2. INTENTION. (MOVEMENT of the WILL

3. CIRCUMTANCES (ENDPOINT/Result of the

Intention)
 Reason and Impartiality

The ultimate basis for ethics is clear

it is said that “reason requires
impartiality” and this statement has
serious implications for truthfulness and
reason.
THANK YOU
THANK YOU