Simultaneous Elections

Simultan
eous
Elections
: Will
this be
good for
India?
The idea of
holding
elections
simultaneously
to Lok Sabha
and State
LegislativeAsse
mblies is
recently in the
news after it got
a push from
Prime
MinisterNarendr
a Modi.
What is
meant by
simultane
ous
elections?

t refers to
holding
elections toLok
Sabha andState
LegislativeAsse
mblies simultan
eously! once in
a "ve year.

At present!
elections to Lok
Sabha and to all
State Legislative
Assembliesare
not being held
simultaneously.

Sometimes!
elections to
some State
Legislative
Assemblies may
happentogether
with the
elections to Lok
Sabha. #or
e$ample! in
%&'(! elections
toState
assemblies of
Andhra
Pradesh! )disha
and Sikkim were
held alongwith
elections to Lok
Sabha.
The idea
of simulta
neous
elections

The idea of
simultaneous el
ections is not
new to ndia.
n '*+',+%!
the"rst general
election to the
Lok Sabha was
held
simultaneously
with all
StateAssemblie
s. This practice
of simultaneous
elections
continued till the
generalelection
of '*-.

This practice
got disrupted
due to
premature
dissolution of
some
StateLegislative
Assemblies in
'*-/. Lok Sabha
itself dissolved
prematurely
in'*&.

As a result! the
elections to the
Lok Sabha and
State
LegislativeAsse
mblies are being
held separately.

The idea of
simultaneous el
ections was
0oated long
back
by formerdeputy
Prime Minister
of ndia! L1
Advani.

n 2ecent
times! the idea
got support from
President and
Prime
Minister.Preside
nt Pranab
Mukher3ee has
endorsed the
idea by
mentioning it in
hisaddress to
the 3oint
session of the
parliament
ahead of the
budget session.

2eports of Law
commission and
the
Parliamentary
standing
committeehave
also favored
simultaneous
elections.
Advantage
s of
simultane
ous
elections

The cost of an
election has two
components 4
one!
e$penditure
incurredby the
5lection
6ommission and
two! e$penditure
incurred by the
politicalparties.
A large number
of government
employees and
public buildings
arediverted from
their regular
responsibilities
for election
duties.
Supporters ofthe
simultaneous
elections argue
that it will
reduce election
e$penditure
interms of
"nance and
reduce diversion
of human
resources for
electionduties.

Model 6ode of
6onduct 7M668
comes into
operation
during
electionseason.
M66 is seen as
an obstacle to
the government
service
deliverymechani
sm.
Simultaneous
elections may
reduce such
disruption.

9uring elections!
political
convenience
takes
precedence
over
publicinterest.
To lure voters!
political parties
concede to
popular
demands
without
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any
consideration to
public interest.
Simultaneous
elections reduce
suchopportunity
for political
parties.

Simultaneous
election
promotes
national
perspective over
the
regionalperspect
ive. This is
important for the
unity of the
country.

Since it
promotes
national
perspective!
simultaneous
elections
strengthennatio
nal parties. This
reduces
mushrooming
growth of
political parties
basedon narrow
vote bank
politics.

Simultaneous
elections bring
States on par
with the 6enter.
f theelections
are to be held
simultaneously
once in "ve
years! the
elected
stategovernmen
ts cannot be
dismissed
easily. This
reduces the
anomaliescreate
d by the Article :
+- 7President;s
2ule8 of the
ndian
constitution
andhence! it
strengthens
federalism.

The
simultaneous
election once in
"ve years
provides
stability to
thegovernments
. t allows the
government to
take di<cult and
harsh decision
inlarger public
interest.
Arguments
against
simultane
ous
elections

Simultaneous
elections may
reduce the
e$penditure
incurred by
the5lection
6ommission. =ut
there is no
guarantee that
e$penditure of
thepolitical
parties will
reduce. Political
parties may
spend entire
fund at
oncerather than
in phases.

6enter and
States are e>ual
and sovereign
within their
3urisdiction.Sim
ultaneous
elections may
reduce the
importance of
state elections.
Thusit a?ects
the concept of
federalism.

Article /:7%8
and Article '%
of the
6onstitution
re>uires that the
LokSabha and
State
legislatures be
in e$istence for
"ve years from
the date ofits
"rst meeting!
@unless
dissolved
earlier.
Simultaneous
elections
ignorethis
phrase! as there
would be no
opportunity to
dissolve Lok
Sabha or
StateAssemblie
s.

A government
can be in power
as long as it
en3oys the
con"dence
ofParliament.
Simultaneous
elections can
work only if
governments
last for a"$ed
tenure of "ve
years regardless
of con"dence of
Parliament. t
negatesthe
concept of Bno
con"dence
motion; 4 an
important tool
for
legislativecontrol
over the
e$ecutive.

5lections are an
important part of
representative
democracy.Sim
ultaneous
elections with
"$ed tenure of
"ve years curtail
people;s rightto
e$press their
con"dence or
displeasure on
the government.

Simultaneous
elections will
relegate local
issues or issues
of
stateimportance
to the
background.
This completely
ignores the
diversity of
thecountry.

Colding
simultaneous
election once in
"ve years may
also face
logisticalchallen
ges. #or the free
and fair conduct
of the elections!
security
forcesneed to
be deployed in
large numbers.
Diven the
current strength
of
securitypersonn
el! this may be a
challenging
task.
Some
constitutiona
l questions
Holding
simultaneous
elections also
poses some
constitutional
questions, which
need to
beanswered.
They are,
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10
To implement
the idea! the
tenure of some
of the State
Assemblies
needsto be
curtailed. Cow
to do it! when
the government
en3oys the
con"dence ofthe
legislatureE

Cow to preserve
simultaneity in
the event of a
vote of no
con"dence
orPresident;s
ruleE

Article /:7%8
and Article '%
of the
6onstitution
re>uires that the
LokSabha and
State
legislatures be
in e$istence for
"ve years from
the date ofits
"rst meeting!
@unless
dissolved
earlier. This
makes it clear
thatconstitution
does not
guarantee "$ed
terms to the Lok
Sabha and
StateAssemblie
s. Simultaneous
elections are not
possible without
"$ed tenure.
Shekhawat s
olution

The former
vice,president
=hairon Singh
Shekhawat pro
posed
a solution.Ce
called for a
review of
provisions of the
no,con"dence
motion.

Ce suggested
that
no,con"dence
motion must
mandatorily
beaccompanied
by an alternative
government
formation plan.
This
preventspremat
ure dissolution
of Lok Sabha on
account of
political
instability.

=ut critics point
out that! this
solution will take
away people;s
right toelect or
dismiss a
government.
Various
reports

79
th
report
of the
parliamenta
ry standing
committee
on Law
and Fustice
recommended
a two,phase
election
schedule 4 one
concurrent
withLok Sabha
elections! the
second in the
mid,term of the
Lok Sabha.

The report also

recommended
that in order to
hold
early elections
to LokSabha
and state
legislative
assemblies! one
of two
conditions must
be metG7i8 a
motion for an
early general
election must be
agreed to by at
least two,thirds
of all members
of the CouseH
or 7ii8 a
no,con"dence
motion must
bepassed by the
Couse! and with
no alternative
government
being
con"rmedwithin
'( days of
passing a
con"dence
motion.

The
report conclude
d that such a
reform
was @importan
t for ndia if it is
tocompete with
other nations in
developmental
agenda on real
time basis as
arobust!
democratic
country.

a!
"ommission
of India in
its #7$
th
report
7'***8
recommendedsi
multaneous
elections to Lok
Sabha and
State
Legislative. t
suggested
thatelections to
the legislative
assemblies!
whose term
ends si$ months
afterthe general
elections to Lok
Sabha! can be
clubbed
together.
Cowever!
theresults of
such elections
can be declared
at the end of the
assembly;stenur
e.

The Election
"ommission
also e$tended
its in,principle
support for
thesimultaneous
elections.
Impact on
voter behavi
or

Studies show
that
simultaneous
elections will
have a
signi"cant
impact onvoter;s
behaviour. An
analysis by
9#6 institute
shows that on
average! thereis
a  percent
chance that the
ndian voter will
vote for the
same party
forboth the State
and 6entre
when elections
are held
simultaneously.

n such cases!
the national
issues and
national parties
take
precedenceover
issues of state
importance and
small regional
parties.
A case for
frequent
elections
OR
10
#re>uent
elections
enhance
political
accountability.
t keeps
politicians
ontheir toe.

Local issues!
state issues!
and national
issues do not
get mi$ed
up.Staggered
election cycle
gives people an
opportunity to
distinguish
betweenthese
issues.

5lections create
a large number
of work
opportunity for
the people.
Conclusion
As discussed
above the idea
of
simultaneous ele
ctions
has Advantages
as well
asdifficulties in
implementation.
Solutions should
be found to
specific
problems.

The model
code of 6onduct
shouldn;t be
stretched too
long. There
shouldbe clear
guidelines on
do;s and don;ts
for the
government.

To curb
election
e$penditure!
alternative ways
such as reforms
in
thee$penditure
of political
parties and state
funding of
political parties
could
bediscussed.
There are
various ifs and
buts before the
idea of
simultaneous
elections may
finally
beimplemented.
The Constitution
may need to be
amended. But
care should be
taen, suchthat
simultaneous
elections will not
undermine
federalism and
diversity of the
country.
%irectiv
e
&rinciple
s of 'ur
State
&olicy :
&art
I()Articl
es *+,-#.
Part I of
ndian
6onstitution
deals with
9irective
Principles of our
State
Policy79PSP8.
The provisions
contained in this
Part cannot be
enforced by any
court!but these
principles are
fundamental in
the governance
of the country
and itshall be
the duty of the
State to apply
these principles
in making laws.
Theconcept of
9irective
Principles of
State Policy was
borrowed from
the
rish6onstitutio
n. Jhile most
of the#undamen
tal 2ights are
negative
obligations
onthe state!
9PSP are
positive
obligations on
the state!
though not
enforceable in
acourt of law.
Article
*+
: %e/nition
n this Part!
unless the
conte$t
otherwise
re>uires! @the
State has the
samemeaning
as in Part .
Article
*7 : Applicati
on of the
principles
contained in
this &art
The provisions
contained in
this Part shall
not be enforced
by any court!
but theprinciples
therein laid
down are
nevertheless
fundamental in
the governance
ofthe country
and it shall be
the duty of the
State to apply
these principles
inmaking laws.
Article *0 :
State to
secure
a social order
for the
promotion
of !elfare of
thepeople
7'8 The State
shall strive to
promote the
welfare of the
people by
securing
andprotecting as
e?ectively as it
may a social
order in which
3ustice! social!
economic and
political! shall
inform all the
institutions of
the national life.
OR
10
7%8 The State

shall! in
particular! strive
to minimise the
ine>ualities in
income!and
endeavour to
eliminate
ine>ualities in
status! facilities
and
opportunities!not
only amongst
individuals but
also amongst
groups of
people residing
indi?erent areas
or engaged in
di?erent
vocations.
Article *9 :
"ertain
principles of
policy to be
follo!ed by
the State
The State
shall! in
particular! direct
its policy
towards
securing 47a8
that the citiKen!
men and
women e>ually!
have the right to
an
ade>uatemeans
of
livelihoodH7b8
that the
ownership and
control of the
material
resources of the
communityare
so distributed as
best to subserve
the common
goodH7c8 that
the operation of
the economic
system does not
result in
theconcentration
of wealth and
means of
production to
the common
detrimentH7d8
that there is
e>ual pay for
e>ual work for
both men and
womenH7e8
that the health
and strength of
workers! men
and women!
and the
tenderage of
children are not
abused and that
citiKens are not
forced by
economicneces
sity to enter
avocations
unsuited to their
age or
strengthH7f8
that children are
given
opportunities
and facilities to
develop in a
healthymanner
and in
conditions of
freedom and
dignity and that
childhood and
youthare
protected
against
e$ploitation and
against moral
and
materialabando
nment.
Article *9A :
E1ual 2ustice
and free legal
aid
The State shall
secure that the
operation of the
legal
system promote
s 3ustice!on a
basis of e>ual
opportunity! and
shall! in
particular!
provide free
legal aid!
bysuitable
legislation or
schemes or in
any other way!
to ensure that
opportunitiesfor
securing 3ustice
are not denied
to any citiKen by
reason of
economic or
otherdisabilities.
Article
3$ : 'rganisati
on of village
panchayats
The State shall
take steps to
organise village
panchayats and
endow them
withsuch
powers and
authority as may
be necessary to
enable them to
function asunits
of
self,government.
Article 3# :
4ight to !or56
to education
and to public
assistance in
certaincases
The State
shall! within the
limits of its
economic
capacity and
development!
make e?ective
provision for
securing the
right to work! to
education and
topublic
assistance in
cases of
unemployment!
old age!
sickness and
disablement!and
in other cases of
undeserved
want.
Article 3 :
&rovision for
2ust and
humane
conditions
of !or5 and
maternityreli
ef
The State shall
make provision
for securing
3ust and
humane
conditions of
workand for
maternity relief.
Article
3* : iving !
age6 etc86
for !or5ers
The State shall
endeavor to
secure! by
suitable
legislation or
economicorgani
sation or in any
other way! to all
workers
agricultural!
industrial
orotherwise!
work! a living
wage!
conditions of
work ensuring a
decent standard
of life and full
en3oyment of
leisure and
social and
cultural
opportunities
and! in
OR
10
particular! the
State shall
endeavour to
promote cottage
industries on
anindividual or
co,operative
basis in rural
areas.
Article (:A G
Participation of
workers in
management of
industries
The State shall
take steps!
by suitable legis
lation or in any
other way! to
securethe
participation of
workers in the
management of
undertakings!
establishmentso
r other
organisation
engaged in any
industry.
Article 33 :
niform civil
code for the
citien
The State shall
endeavour to
secure for the
citiKens a
uniform civil
codethroughout
the territory of
ndia.
Article
3- : &rovision
for free and
compulsory
education for
children
The State shall
endeavor to
provide! within
a period of ten
years from
thecommencem
ent of this
6onstitution! for
free and
compulsory
education for
allchildren until
they complete
the age of
fourteen years.
Article
3+ : &romoti
on of
educational
and economic
interests of
Scheduled"as
tes6
Scheduled
Tribes and
other !ea5er
sections
The State shall
promote with
special care the
educational and
economicinteres
ts of the weaker
sections of the
people! and in
particular! of
theScheduled
6astes and the
Scheduled
Tribes! and shall
protect them
from
socialin3ustice
and all forms of
e$ploitation.
Article ( G 9uty
of the State to
raise the level of
nutrition and the
standard of living
andto improve
public health
The State shall
regard the
raising of
the level of
nutrition and the
standard
ofliving of its
people and the
improvement of
public health as
among its
primaryduties
and! in
particular! the
State shall
endeavour to
bring about
prohibition ofthe
consumption
e$cept for
medicinal
purpose of
into$icating
drinks and
ofdrugs which
are in3urious to
health.
Article
30 : 'rganiat
ion of
agriculture
and animal
husbandry
The State shall
endeavour to
organiKe
agriculture and
animal
husbandry
onmodern and
scienti"c lines
and shall! in
particular! take
steps for
preserving
andimproving
the breeds! and
prohibiting the
slaughter! of
cows and calves
andother milch
and draught
cattle.
Article
30A : &rotecti
on and
improvement
of
environment
and
safeguarding
of forests and
!ild life
The State shall
endeavour to
protect and
improve the
environment
and tosafeguard
the forests and
wild life of the
country.
OR
10

Article
39 : &rotectio
n of
monuments
and places
and
ob2ects of
nationalimpor
tance
t shall be the
obligation of the
State to protect
every
monument or
place orob3ect
of artistic or
historic interest!
declared by or
under law made
byParliament to
be of national
importance!
from spoliation!
dis"gurement!
destruction!
removal!
disposal or
e$port! as the
case may be.
Article -
$ : Separation
of 2udiciary
from
e;ecutive
The State shall
take steps to
separate the
3udiciary from
the e$ecutive
in thepublic
services of the
State.
Article 51 :
Promotion of
international
peace and
security
The State shall
endeavour to
47a8 promote
international
peace and
securityH7b8
maintain 3ust
and honourable
relations
between
nationsH7c8
foster respect
for international
law and treaty
obligations in
the dealings
oforganised
people with one
anotherH
and7d8
encourage
settlement of
international
disputes by
arbitration.
OR
10
niversa
l <asic
Income )
<I.:
Everythi
ng you
needto
5no!
5conomic
Survey for the
year %&'-,'
has an entire
chapter
dedicated to
thediscussion
on niversal
=asic ncome
7=8.
What is
niversal
<asic
Income )
<I.?

niversal =asic
ncome is a
periodic!
unconditional
cash transfer to
everycitiKen
in the country.

Cere! social or
economic
positions of the
individual are
not taken
intoconsideratio
n.

The concept of
universal basic
income has
three main
features.
They areas
followingG'.=
is universal in
nature. t mea
ns = is
not targeted.
%.The second
feature of =
is cash transfer
instead of
in,kind
transfer.:.The t
hird feature is
that =
is unconditiona
l. That means
one need
notprove his or
her
unemployment
status or
socio,economic
identity to
beeligible for
=.
Why
niversal
<asic
Income?

As a form of
social security
= will help in
reducing
ine>uality
andeliminating
poverty. Thus it
ensures security
and dignity for
all individuals.

As human
labour is being
substituted by
technology!
there will be
reducedwage
income and
reduced
purchasing
power. = will
compensate
forreduced
purchasing
power.
=o! <I !
or5s?

nder =!
only those with
Kero income will
receive the full
bene"ts in
netterms.

#or those! who

earn additional
income over the
basic income!
the netbene"ts
will taper o?
through
ta$ation.

So even though
the basic
income is
universal! only
the poor will
receivethe full
bene"ts.
What <I
means to
the
>overnme
nt?

There would be
drastic changes
in the way
government
spends
itsrevenue
generated from
ta$ation and
other sources.

6urrently!
Dovernment
spends its
revenue on
various services
as well ason
subsidies.

= would
mean that
government
may move away
from service
deliveryand
empower its
citiKens to
access services
throughcash
transfer.
What are
the
advantage
s of <I?

#irst! =
would give
individuals
freedom to
spend the
money in a
waythey
choose. n
other words!
=
strengthens
economic liberty
at anindividual
level. This would
help them to
choose the kind
of work they
wantto do!
rather than
forcing them to
do unproductive
work to meet
their
dailyre>uiremen
ts.
OR
10
niversal =asic
ncome would
be a sort of an
insurance
againstunemplo
yment and
hence helps in
reducing
poverty.

= will result

in e>uitable
distribution of
wealth. As
e$plained
above! onlypoor
will receive the
full net bene"ts.

ncreased
income will
increase the
bargaining
power of
individuals!
asthey will no
longer be forced
to accept any
working
conditions.

= is easy to
implement.
=ecause of its
universal
character! there
is noneed to
identify the
bene"ciaries.
Thus it e$cludes
errors in
identifying
theintended
bene"ciaries 4
which is a
common
problem in
targeted
welfareschemes
.

As every
individual
receive basic
income! it
promotes
e<ciency
byreducing
wastages in
government
transfers. This
would also help
in
reducingcorrupti
on.

6onsiderable
gains could be
achieved in
terms of
bureaucratic
costs andtime
by replacing
many of the
social sector
schemes with
=.

As economic
survey points
out! transferring
basic income
directly intobank
accounts will
increase the
demand for
"nancial
services. This
wouldhelp
banks to invest
in the e$pansion
of their service
network! which
is veryimportant
for "nancial
inclusion.

nder some
circumstances!
= could
promote greater
productivity.
#ore$ample!
agriculture
labourers who
own small patch
of land and
earlier usedto
work in others;
farm for low
wages! can now
undertake
farming on
theirown land.
n long term!
this will reduce
the percentage
of unused land
andhelps in
increasing
agriculture
productivity.
What are
the main
arguments
against
<I?

A guaranteed
minimum
income might
make people
laKy and it
breedsdepende
ncy. They may
opt out of labour
market.

There is no
guarantee that
the additional
income will
be spent
oneducation!
health etc. there
are chances that
the money will
be spent
onBtemptation
goods; such as
alcohol!
tobacco!
drugs etc.

Diven the large
population siKe!
the "scal burden
on government
would behigh.
Also! as
5conomic
Survey %&'-,'
noted! once
implemented! it
maybecome
di<cult for the
government to
wind up a =
in the case of
failure.

f the = is
funded by
higher ta$es!
especially by the
indirect ta$es! it
willresult
inin0ation. This!
in turn! will
reduce the
purchasing
power of
thepeople and
lowers the value
of the amount
transferred.

A Bguaranteed
minimum
income; might
reduce the
availability of
workersin some
sectors which
are necessary
but unattractive
and raise the
wages of such
works. #or
e$ample! the
wages of
agriculture
labour might
increase dueto
non,availability
of workers
willing to work in
others; farm.
What are
the
challenges
that may
face in
Implement
ation
of<I?

According to
Jorld =ank! in
ndia! there are
only %& ATMs
for every
onelakh adult
population.
Nearly one,third
of the ndian
adults
remainunbanke
d. Jith such a
state of "nancial
service
infrastructure
and
"nancialinclusio
n! it would be
di<cult for the
people to
access their
bene"ts.
OR
10
#inancing the
Bguaranteed
minimum
income; would
be another
challenge. Ther
e are chances
that = would
become an
add,on to
e$isting
subsidiesrather
than replace
them.
What
Economic
Survey
$#+,#7
says about
<I?
The5conomic
survey %&'-,'
assumes that in
practice any
program
cannotstrive for
strict
universality. So
survey proposes
some
alternatives.

#irst! survey
targets bottom
+ percent of
the population
and this
istermed as
B>uasi,universal
ity;;. The cost for
this
>uasi,universalit
y isestimated to
be around (.*
percent of D9P.

Second
alternative
targets women!
who generally
face worse
prospects
inemployment
opportunities!
education!
health or
"nancial
inclusion. A
= forwomen
can reduce the
"scal cost of
providing a =
to about half.
Divingmoney to
women also
reduces the
concerns of
money being
used
onBtemptation
goods;.

Third! to start
with a = for
certain
vulnerable
groups such as
widows!
pregnant
mothers! the old
and the
in"rm.=ut! if any
one of the
above
alternatives is
adopted! it will
also face the
problemof
Be$clusion
error; in the
identi"cation of
bene"ciaries.
5<ciency will
bereduced.
6orruption
will creep
in. More importa
ntly! =
will not
remainBunivers
al;.
<I
and @A
TrinityB

FAM is the
short form of
Fan
9han,Aadhaar,
Mobile.

6urrently! there
are %-.+ crore
Fan 9han
accounts across
the country.
Thiscovers %'
percent of the
population. )f
these accounts!
+ percent
areAadhaar
seeded.

)ver a billion
Aadhaar cards
have been
distributed.

Jhen the trinity

of Fan,9han!
Aadhaar! and
Mobile
7popularly
referred toas
FAM8 is fully
adopted! a more
e<cient mode of
delivery would
beavailable.

FAM system
could be used
to provide funds
to each
individual
directly intohis
or her account.
The main
problems
in @A
TrinityB

Authentication
failures in
Aadhaar are as
high as (*
percent in
Fharkhand. This
will result in
the e$clusion of
bene"ciaries.

A Large number
of Fan 9han
accounts are not
active.
According
to#inancial
nclusion
nsights 7#
4 %&'+8! only (&
percent of the
accounts
areactive.

Still! nearly
one,third of the
ndian adults
remained
unbanked.

There are
issues in mobile
network
connectivity!
especially in
rural ndia.
<I in
other
parts of
the !orld

#inland has
started a pilot
programme this
year to
understand the
e?ectsof a basic
income. #inland
government
would pay +-&
per month to
twothousand
unemployed
individuals for
ne$t two years!
and it would
continue
to provide the
income even if
individuals "nd
employment
during
thisperiod.

Some regions in
the Netherlands
and 6anada
have also
announced
thepilot
programme.

=ut! last year!
SwitKerland
voted on =
and re3ected
the proposal
totransfer %!
+&& Swiss
francs per
month to every
adult citiKen and
long,termreside
nt. The "scal
implication was
the main reason
for re3ection of
theproposal in
SwitKerland.
"onclusion
9espite making
remarkable
progress in
poverty
reduction! nearly
%% percent
ofthe population
lives below
poverty line
7Tendulkar
committee
report!
%&'','%8.)ne of
the ma3or
criticisms of
poverty
alleviation
programmes is
signi"cantleakag
es. = is seen
as a more
e<cient
alternative. Tho
ugh =
has many
advantages!
there are many
practical
challenges too.
Atransparent
and safe
"nancial
architecture that
is accessible to
all is
importantfor the
success of the
=. n other
words! the
success of =
depends on
thesuccess of
e<cient mode of
delivery like
FAM
Trinity.Also! a
behavioral
change on the
part of account
holders needed
so that theyuse
their accounts
more often.
=anks need to
"nd it pro"table
to provide
accessto
banking
services.As
5conomic
Survey states!
= is a
powerful idea
whose time
even if not
ripefor
implementation
is ripe for
serious
discussion.
The
Directve
Principles of
Sae Policy
(DPSP) are the
guidelines or
principles given to
the federal
instutesgovernin
g the state of
India, to be kept
in citaon while
framing laws and
policies
These provisions,
containedin Part
I! ("rcle #$%&')
of the onstuon
of India, are not
enforceable b
an court, but the
principles
laiddown therein
are considered
irrefutable in the
governance of
the countr,
making it the
dut of the State
*'+
toappl these
principles in
making laws to
establish a ust
societ in the
countr The
principles have
beeninspired b
theDirecve
Principles given in
the onstuon of
Ireland relate
to social
usce,economicw
elfare,foreign
polic, and legal
and administrave
ma-ersDirecve
Principles are
classi.ed under
the following
categories/
economic and
socialisc, polical
andadministrave,
usce and legal,
environmental,
protecon of
monuments and
peace and
securit
The concept of
Direcve
Principles of
State Polic was
borrowed from
the Irish
onstuon The
makers
oftheonstuon
of India were
in0uenced b
the Irish
naonalist
movement 1ence,
the Direcve
Principles of the
Indian constuon
have been greatl
in0uenced b
theDirecve
Principles of
State Polic

*2+
The idea ofsuch

policies 3can be
traced to
the Declaraon of
the 4ights of 5an
proclaimed
b4evoluonar
6rance
andthe
Declaraon of
Independence b
the "merican
olonies3
*#+
The Indian
constuon was
also in0uenced
bthe7nited
8aons 7niversal
Declaraon of
1uman 4ights

haracteri
scs
*edit+
Direcve
Principles of
State Polic aim
to create social
and economic
condions under
which the ci9ens
canlead a good
life The also
aim to establish
social and
economic
democrac
through a welfare
state The actas
a check on
thegovernment,
theorised as
a ardsck in the
hands of the
people to
measure the

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The report also

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7%8 The State

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#or those! who

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= will result

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Jhen the trinity

The idea ofsuch

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