Reviewer for 1ST QTR

Composed by Sir V

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
- The word literature is derived from the Latin term “litera” which means letter.​
- Literature deals with the ideas, thoughts, and emotions of people.
- Literature is the body of work, oral, written, or visual. ​
- It contains rich imaginative language that portrays the emotions and experiences of people.

Why do we need to study and learn Philippine Literature?

- To establish a connection to our significant past.
- To learn from our history
- So that we can APPRECIATE our literary heritage
- We can develop a sense of imagination and creativity from past stories

Proverbs
- A short saying or piece of folk wisdom of the past or present
- Often use metaphors or creative imagery to express a broader truth
- Strong expressive in words
- Showcases lessons from the past

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Miscellaneous Proverbs
- Short saying about a random topic
- Words that are general in nature

Humorous Proverbs
- Is funny or tries to be funny
- Makes the reader or listener laugh

Ethical Proverbs
- Condemns evil
- Do’s and don’t
- Showcases the right choice in life

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Sir Vergara
Poetry – What is it?
- literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience or a specific emotional
response through language.
- Dynamic writing
- Subjective Writing
- Something very personal to the author
- The expressions of the poet

What is a poet?
- A person who writes poems. (Simple as that)

Let’s try to analyze our poem.

Air Castles by Juan F. Salazar

My life's tomorrow beckons me​
From distant mountains, high and low,​
My future seems a boundless sea,​
Where moving passions come and go.

Deep in my heart Ambition dwells;​

He cheers me up the highland way,​
And guides me through the hills and dells​
Wherein I pass the busy day.

I cannot write with Shakespeare's pen,

But I can love with Shakespeare's heart.​
I love his skill, his craft of men,​
His mastery of poet's art.2

I wear achievement's coronet,​

For blest are they who see things done!​

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Sir Vergara
And all my cares I soon forget​
When I wrought my work alone.3

If I be met by adverse Fate,​

And all my dreams be but in vain,​
Then must I work the harder yet​
With high resolve to try again.

Poem Analysis by Sir Vergara

“It is an aspiring poem that we can reflect our own character. At first, it is hard to understand on the first
glimpse, but it connects to the reality of our life. In my perspective, this literature would be appreciated and
showered with love. The lines tell you that ambitions burn within us, and it showcases that rejection is part of
our life. A famous German poet, Rainer Maria Rilke said, “The purpose of life is to be defeated by greater and
greater things.” If you’re not losing, then that means you’re not moving in life. The poem itself is an art, and
we can relate to how it projects through words. Always believe in yourself because you have the potential to be
great. This is what I love about poetry because it can be interpreted in many different ways.

IMAGERY in Poetry
- Uses vivid description that appeals to a reader's senses to create an image or idea in their head.
- Creates an emotional experience for the reader
- Allows readers to visualize the words of the author
- Completes the visual learners

Figures of Speech
Simile
- Compares two things
- Uses like, as, and than
Ex.
As sweet as honey.
They fought like cats and dogs.

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Sir Vergara
Metaphor
- Compares two things directly.
- Shares one characteristic but not literally.
Ex.
His eyes are like the ocean.
He has a heart of gold.

Personification
- Applying human characteristics to animals, objects, or an idea.
- Humans traits to inanimate objects

EX.
The sun is smiling.
The tree is dancing. 4
You can hear the mountain crying.
The grey cloud cried today.

Hyperbole
- Exaggerated words
- Overstatement emphasis in words

EX.
I told you a million times!
My genius is the size of a dinosaur.

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Forms of Poetry
Sonnet ​
Sonnet derives from the Italian word sonneto which means little song.​It follows 14 lines and has a strict
rhyming scheme. ​
Sample:
Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare​
When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes ​
When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes,​
I all alone beweep my outcast state,​
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,​
And look upon myself and curse my5 fate,​
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,​
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,​
Desiring this man’s art and that man’s scope,​
With what I most enjoy contented least;​
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,​
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,​
(Like to the lark at break of day arising​
From sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven’s gate;​
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings​
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.​

Elegy​
- Poem that reflects upon death or loss
- Contains themes of mourning, loss, death, and reflection.
- Expresses grief and melancholy about a certain loss.

Ode ​
- Addresses a certain person, place, thing, or idea.
- Writer's thoughts and feelings about a particular person or subject

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Narrative Poetry​
- Showcases and focuses on a certain plot.
- Features an entire story, told by one narrator from beginning to end.
- One of the major categories of poetry

Epic​
- A long narrative poem that tells about a hero and their adventures.​
- Shows the hero's qualities and good deeds.​
- Hero’s Great Adventure
- Positive attributes of a hero
- Can be oral or written stories.

Two Types of Reading Comprehension

SKIMMING AND SCANNING

SKIMMING
- Read more quickly 6​
- Decide if the text is interesting and whether you should read it in more detail ​
- Fast reading technique. Use it to obtain the gist of a piece of text (i.e. to quickly identify the main ideas
in the text).

HOW TO SKIM?
- Read the title, subtitles, and subheadings to find out what the text is about.
- Look at the illustrations to give you further information about the topic.​
- Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph. ​
- Don't read every word or every sentence.

SCANNING
- It is ALSO a fast-reading technique. It's a way of reading to look for specific information in a text.​
- Useful when studying or looking to find specific information from a book or article quickly as there is
not always time to read every word.

HOW TO SCAN?

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 - Don't try to read every word. Instead let your eyes move quickly across the page until you find what you
are looking for.​
- Use clues on the page, such as headings and titles, to help you.​
- If you are reading for study, start by thinking up or writing down some questions that you want to
answer. Doing this can focus your mind and help you find the facts or information that you need more
e7asily.

LET’S COMPARE

SKIMMING SCANNING

MEANING Skimming is a way of reading Scanning means to look carefully

something in a fast manner so as to and quickly at the written material
grasp the main points. so as to locate something.

METHOD QUICK QUICK, BUT SELECTIVE

INVOLVES Reading out the maximum content Finding out the required and
in minimum time. specific data.

OBJECTIVES To take a birds-eye view of the To spot and cast specific facts.
text.

FAMILIARITY The reader is not familiar with the The reader knows what she/he is
text. searching for.

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

The two essential parts of every complete sentence are the subject and the predicate. The SUBJECT is the
person, thing, or idea about which something is said. The PREDICATE tells something or asks something
about the subject.

Subject = Bold
Verb = Underline

Dominic is going to school tomorrow.

Your clothes are dirty.
Amy has arrived for a visit.

What are Nouns?

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 - Identifies or names people, places, or things
ex. John, house, tree, city, ocean

INFINITIVES
Infinitives are verbs but function as nouns​. Infinitives refer to a grammatical structure in which the word to is
placed before the base form of the verb
Base form: To + Verb
It functions as the subject or object of the sentence or a complement after a linking verb.
Examples:
To sleep is the only thing Maine wants after 3 days of exams.​
To eat at a nearby restaurant is my plan for our anniversary.​
Studying hard will increase your chances of getting a college degree.

INFINITIVE PHRASE
An infinitive phrase is the infinitive form of a verb plus any complements and modifiers
To + Verb + Any Complement or Modifiers that answers the question: what, who, where, when
Example:​
To have a big dream requires the same effort as having a small dream.​
(To have what? A big dream.)
To invent an airplane is nothing. To build one is something, but to fly is everything.
(To invent what? An airplane. To build what? An airplane. To fly what? An airplane.)

GERUNDS
A verb that ends in – ing but functions as a noun in a sentence
BASE FORM: ing

Example:​
Reading became my favorite hobby.​
Swimming helps me unwin8d.​
Writing is an exchange of ideas.​
Smoking negatively impacts your lungs.​
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Apologizing seems like the right response.
​

GERUND PHRASE
A gerund phrase consists of a gerun9d and related words.
Format: -ing + any related words to the Gerund

Gerund + Object + Modifier​

Eating shellfish quickly is a bad idea

PROSODIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH

Visualization and Concentration

- Speaker gets comfortable speaking in front of an audience
- Tends to glance at the audience
- Knows what he/she is talking about
- confident in speaking
- Mastery of the content

Stress
- Each syllable of a word is read with a different strength or force
- Speaking words with more emphasis
- Syllable in words that stick out the most

Intonation
- The rise and fall of the voice
- Different patterns that create different meaning when speaking
- The melodic pattern of each utterance

Volume
- How loud or soft the speaker is
- Loudness or softness of your voice
- One of the vital elements when speaking

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 - Shows how confident or hesitant in speaking
- The POWER of your voice

Rate of Speech
- This is how fast or slow you speak or read.
- WPM (words per minute)
- Showcases clarity when speaking
- A huge influence on how the audience perceives you

THAT IN ALL THINGS, GOD MAY BE GLORIFIED!

Ut in omnibus Deus Glorificetur!
모든 일에서 하나님이 영광을 받으시도록!
QU'EN TOUTES CHOSES, DIEU PEUT ÊTRE GLORIFIÉ!

“Learn a lot so that one day you have a lot to tell.”

“Never ever let your emotions overpower your intelligence.”
- FLV