GRAMMAR

( 문법 )
PARTS OF SPEECH
( 연설의 일부 )
Noun ( 명사 )
• names a person, place, thing, idea or event (Lulu, jail, cantaloupe, loyalty, and so on)

• Types of Noun
• Common Noun- refers to the general name of a person, place, and so on.
example: girl, boy, flower and subject
The girl is beautiful.

• Proper Noun- refers to a specific name of a person, place, and so on.

example: Claire, Jack, Rose and English
Claire is beautiful.
Pronoun ( 대명사 )
• takes the place of a noun (he, it, I, she, and so on)

example: noun pronoun

1. Claire/girl She
2. Jack/boy He
3. cellphone It

Example:
The girl is going to the market. She is going to buy some milk.
Verb ( 동사 )
• expresses action or being (scrambled, was, should win, and so on)
example: play, write, eat, dance and sleep

English verbs are divided by function into two basic categories: linking verbs and action verbs.

Linking verbs are also called being verbs because they express states of being. Example: am, is, are, was and were.

Action verbs, well, they describe an action. Example: dance, jump and sit.

• Example using linking verb. Example using action verb.

• She is a musician. She plays the piano.
Besides showing the action or state of being in the sentence, the verb also indicates the time the action
or “being” took place. By learning about the different kinds of simple, perfect, past, and present
tenses, your speaking and writing will be clear and concise.

Simple present tense: tells what is happening now

example: The girl eats her breakfast.

Simple past tense: tells what happened before now

example: The girl ate her breakfast.

Simple future: talks about what has not happened yet

example: The girl will eat her breakfast.

 PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE FUTURE TENSE
 

1. Is/Am Was Will

1. Are Were Will

1. Play Played Will play

1. Study Studied Will study

1. Eat Ate Will eat

1. Sleep Slept Will sleep

1. Read Read Will read

Adjective ( 형용사 )
• describes a noun or pronoun (messy, strange, alien, and so on)

• Example:
• The girl is beautiful.
• The red chair is too small for me.
• The tall boy plays basketball.
Adverb ( 부사 )
• describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb (willingly, woefully, very, and so on)

• Example:

• The boy runs fast.

• Claire is a very good girl.
• The police willingly chased the thief.
Preposition ( 전치사 )
•  a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to
connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence.(by, for, from, and so on)

• Example:
• He sat on the chair.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• She lost her ring at the beach.
 Conjunction ( 접속사 )
•  ties two words or groups of words together.
• Example: She brought a shirt and a book.
• I went to the market where I saw a joker.
• I send him a letter but he didn’t reply.
Interjection ( 감탄사 )
• expresses strong emotion.
• Always used with an exclamation mark (!)

• Example:
• Ouch!
• Hurray!
• Fire!
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
BASICS: PARTS OF A
SENTENCE
• After you get a good grip on the different parts of speech, it’s time to
put them all together to form the proper sentence. The right words
and punctuation in the right order can make all the difference in good
communication. Keep in mind that you need a minimum number of
parts to make a complete sentence: subject/predicate/endmark.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR TIPS FOR SUBJECT-VERB
AGREEMENT
• Someone or something must be present in a sentence, and that someone or something doing the action or being
talked about is the subject. Verbs are the words that express the action the subject is doing or the state of being
the subject is in. Subjects and verbs must agree if you’re going to get your point across as clearly as possible.
Otherwise, you end up with an incomplete sentence or a sentence that makes no sense.

• Verb (also called the predicate): expresses the action or state of being

• Subject: the person or thing being talked about

example: The girl is playing.

SUBJECT PREDICATE/VERB
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules
Let’s explore a series of subject-verb agreement rules required to ace questions based on Sentence Correction. 

RULE 1: When two subjects are joined by ‘and’, the verb is plural.
For example: My friend and his mother are in town.

RULE 2: When two singular nouns joined by ‘and’ refer to the same person or thing, the verb is singular. 
For example: The captain and coach of the team has been sacked.
In case these were two different individuals, two articles need to be used: The captain and the coach of the team have
been sacked.            

RULE 3: Indefinite pronouns (everyone, each one, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody etc.) are
always singular. 
For example:  Everyone is selfish.
We do not use 'are' in this sentence. 
This rule does not apply to: few, many, several, both, all, some.
 
RULE 4: When the percentage or a part of something is mentioned with plural meaning the plural verb is used.
For example: 40 of every 100 children are malnourished.

RULE 5: When the subjects joined by ‘either or’ or ‘neither nor’ are of different persons, the verb will agree in
person and number with the noun nearest to it.
For example: Neither you nor your dogs know how to behave.

Either of the books is fine for MAT preparation.

Always remember that, when either and neither are used as pronouns, they are treated as singular and always
take the singular verb.

RULE 6: If connectives/appositives like along with, together with, as well as, accompanied by etc. are
used to combine two subjects, the verb agrees with the subject mentioned first.
For example: Mr. Ram, accompanied by his wife Sita and his brother, was banished to the forest.
RULE 7: A number of/ the number or
‘A number of (some countable noun)’ is always plural. ‘The number of (some countable noun)’ is
always singular.
For example: A number of students are going on the trip.

RULE 8: The singular verb form is usually used for units of measurement or time.
For example: Five gallons of oil was required to get the engine running.

RULE 9: When any of ‘few, many, several, both, all, some’ is used with a countable noun, the verb is
plural.
For example: Some men are needed for the battle.

RULE 10: When any of ‘few, many, several, both, all, some’ is used with an uncountable noun, the
verb is singular.
For example: Some milk is spoilt.