Table 2.

1 2022 SDG Index ranking and score

1 Finland 86.5 36 Luxembourg 75.7 68 Dominican Republic

2 Denmark 85.6 37 Ukraine 75.7 70.8
3 Sweden 85.2 38 Australia 75.6 69 Tunisia 70.7
4 Norway 82.3 39 Lithuania 75.4 70 Bhutan 70.5
5 Austria 82.3 40 Cuba 74.7 71 Turkey 70.4
6 Germany 82.2 41 United States 74.6 72 Malaysia 70.4
7 France 81.2 Rank Country Score 73 Barbados 70.3
8 Switzerland 80.8 42 Bulgaria 74.3 74 Mexico 70.2
9 Ireland 80.7 43 Cyprus 74.2 75 Colombia 70.1
10 Estonia 80.6 44 Thailand 74.1 76 Sri Lanka 70.0
11 United Kingdom 80.6 45 Russian Federation 74.1 77 Uzbekistan 69.9
12 Poland 80.5 46 Moldova 73.9 78 Tajikistan 69.7
13 Czech Republic 80.5 47 Costa Rica 73.8 79 El Salvador 69.6
14 Latvia 80.3 48 Kyrgyz Republic 73.7 80 Jordan 69.4
15 Slovenia 80.0 49 Israel 73.5 81 Oman 69.2
16 Spain 79.9 50 Azerbaijan 73.5 82 Indonesia 69.2
17 Netherlands 79.9 51 Georgia 73.4 Table 2.1
18 Belgium 79.7 52 Fiji 72.9 2022 SDG Index ranking
19 Japan 79.6 53 Brazil 72.8 and score
20 Portugal 79.2 54 Argentina 72.8 2.1 Global trends and
21 Hungary 79.0 55 Vietnam 72.8 rankings
22 Iceland 78.9 56 China 72.4 2. The SDG Index and
23 Croatia 78.8 57 North Macedonia 72.3 Dashboards
24 Slovak Republic 78.7 58 Peru 71.9 Sustainable Development
25 Italy 78.3 59 Bosnia and Herzegovina Report 2022 From Crisis to
26 New Zealand 78.3 71.7 Sustainable Development:
27 Korea, Rep. 77.9 60 Singapore 71.7 the SDGs as Roadmap to
28 Chile 77.8 61 Albania 71.6 2030 and Beyond 15
29 Canada 77.7 62 Suriname 71.6 Rank Country Score
30 Romania 77.7 63 Ecuador 71.5 83 Jamaica 69.0
31 Uruguay 77.0 64 Algeria 71.5 84 Morocco 69.0
32 Greece 76.8 65 Kazakhstan 71.1 85 United Arab Emirates
33 Malta 76.8 66 Armenia 71.1 68.8
34 Belarus 76.0 67 Maldives 71.0 86 Montenegro 68.8
35 Serbia 75.9 87 Egypt, Arab Rep. 68.7
88 Iran, Islamic Rep. 68.6 Rank Country Score 158 Liberia 49.9
89 Mauritius 68.4 124 Rwanda 59.4 159 Sudan 49.6
90 Bolivia 68.0 125 Pakistan 59.3 160 Somalia 45.6
91 Paraguay 67.4 126 Senegal 58.7 161 Chad 41.3
92 Nicaragua 67.1 127 Cote d'Ivoire 58.4 162 Central African
93 Brunei Darussalam 67.1 128 Ethiopia 58.0 Republic 39.3
94 Qatar 66.8 129 Syrian Arab Republic 163 South Sudan 3
95 Philippines 66.6 57.4
96 Saudi Arabia 66.6 130 Tanzania 57.4
97 Lebanon 66.3 131 Zimbabwe 56.8
98 Nepal 66.2 132 Mauritania 55.8
99 Turkmenistan 66.1 133 Togo 55.6
100 Belize 65.7 134 Cameroon 55.5
101 Kuwait 64.5 135 Lesotho 55.1
102 Bahrain 64.3 136 Uganda 54.9
103 Myanmar 64.3 137 Eswatini 54.6
104 Bangladesh 64.2 138 Burkina Faso 54.5
105 Panama 64.0 139 Nigeria 54.2
106 Guyana 63.9 140 Zambia 54.2
107 Cambodia 63.8 141 Burundi 54.1
108 South Africa 63.7 142 Mali 54.1
109 Mongolia 63.5 143 Mozambique 53.6
110 Ghana 63.4 144 Papua New Guinea
111 Lao PDR 63.4 53.6
112 Honduras 63.1 145 Malawi 53.3
113 Gabon 62.8 146 Sierra Leone 53.0
114 Namibia 62.7 147 Afghanistan 52.5
115 Iraq 62.3 148 Congo, Rep. 52.3
116 Botswana 61.4 149 Niger 52.2
117 Guatemala 61.0 150 Yemen, Rep. 52.1
118 Kenya 61.0 151 Haiti 51.9
119 Trinidad and Tobago 152 Guinea 51.3
60.4 153 Benin 51.2
120 Venezuela, RB 60.3 154 Angola 50.9
121 India 60.3 155 Djibouti 50.3
122 Gambia, The 60.2 156 Madagascar 50.1
123 Sao Tome and 157 Congo, Dem. Rep.
Principe 59.4 50.0
2.3 International spillovers
Spillovers, both positive and negative, must
be understood,measured, and carefully
managed. These benefits or costsmay be
referred to as positive or negative
externalities. Countries cannot achieve the
SDGs if such negative
externalities from other countries
counteract their efforts (Schmidt-Traub et
al., 2019). International spillover effects are
said to occur when one country's actions
generate benefits or impose costs on
another country that are
not reflected in market prices and therefore
are not 'internalized' by the actions of
consumers and producers (Sachs et al.,
2017).
The 2030 Agenda and the SDGs recognize
the importance of international spillovers in
several crucial ways. SDG 17 (Partnerships
for the Goals) calls for “policy coherence”
for sustainable development, SDG 12
(Responsible
Consumption and Production) stresses the
need for more sustainable production
andconsumption, and SDG 8
(Decent Work and Economic Growth)
demaznds the eradication of modern
slavery and child labor. Conceptually,
international spillovers in the context of the
SDGs can be grouped into four categories:
• Environmental and social spillovers
embodied
into trade. These cover international effects
related to pollution, the use of natural
resources, and social impacts generated by
the consumption of goods and services.
Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models
combined with satellite datasets provide
powerful
tools to track impacts generated worldwide
by
consuming countries. This category of
spillovers also
includes exports of toxic pesticides, trade in
waste, and
illegal wildlife trade. They are particularly
connected
to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic
Growth), SDGs
12–15 (related to responsible consumption,
climate
and biodiversity) and SDG 17 (Partnerships
for the
Goals). They also indirectly affect all other
SDGs.
• Direct cross-border flows in air and water.
These
cover effects generated through physical
flows – for
instance of air and water – from one
country to
another. Cross-border air and water
pollution are
difficult to attribute to a country of origin,
and this
remains an important data gap.
Unfortunately, the
International Spillover Index does not
currently
include any indicators to track these types
of spillovers.
They are particularly related to SDG 6
(Clean Water
and Sanitation) and SDGs 12–15 on climate
and
biodiversity, but also concern many other
goals,
including SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-
Being).
• Spillovers related to economic and
financial flows.
These include unfair tax competition,
corruption,
banking secrecy, profit shifting, tax havens,
and stolen
assets – which undermine the capacity of
other countries to leverage resources to
achieve the SDGs. They
also include positive spillovers (or
handprints) such
as international development finance (for
example,
ODA). These types of spillovers are closely
related to
SDG 16 (Peace, Security and Strong
Institutions) and
SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), and
indirectly to
all other SDGs, notably through ODA.
• Peacekeeping and security spillovers.
These include
negative externalities such as organized
international
crime or exports of major conventional
weapons or
small arms, which can have destabilizing
impacts on
poor countries. Among the positive
spillovers in this
category are investments in conflict
prevention and
peacekeeping. These spillovers are
particularly related
to SDG 16 (Peace, Security and Strong
Institutions) and
SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), but
also indirectly
connected with most of the SDGs –
including poverty,
hunger, and health, as well as other
socioeconomic goals.
The 2022 International Spillover Index
includes 14 indicators.
Each indicator is included in the total SDG
Index score,
and also used to generate a stand-alone
International
Spillover Index.
Rich countries tend to generate the largest
negative
spillover effects, undermining other
countries’ efforts to
achieve the SDGs. While member states of
the European
Union and many OECD countries top the
SDG Index and
the World Happiness Report, they are
among the worst
performers when it comes to international
spillover
effects. Approximately 40 percent of the
European Union’s
carbon footprint relating to its consumption
of good and
services takes place in other countries
(SDSN et al., 2021)
A flag containing a map of the world extending from the North Pole to 60
degrees South Latitude, with five concentric white rings and surrounded by
olive branches on a blue background - this is the flag of which association?
Answer: The United Nations

The first security council started in 1946 where Brazil, Mexico, Australia, Poland and the
Netherlands were the first members. In the following year only Brazil, Australia and Poland
continued their terms.

What countries composed the first ever security council in 1946?Answer: Brazil,
Mexico, Australia, Poland, Egypt and the Netherlands

Which of the following is not a permanent member of the Security Council?

Answer: Germany

The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the U.S.,
China, Russian Federation, France, and the United Kingdom.

The first UN peacekeeping mission was authorized in 1948. Today (in 2006) it is
also the longest running mission of the UN. With which conflict is it concerned?
Answer: Israeli/Palestinian

The United Nations Truce Supervision Operation (UNTSO) was established to ensure
the keeping of the truce after the Israeli war of independence. The truce was
effectively broken in the Sinai War (1956), the 6-Day War (1967), the Yom Kippur War
(1973) and the Lebanon Wars (1978 and 1982), and is constantly being threatened by
terror attacks from Palestinian side and ensuing retaliation from Israeli side. The
effective evacuation of Israeli settlements from the occupied territories of Gaza and
the West Bank in 2005 was a seminal step in the peace progress that has started with
the Oslo agreements of 1993 and 1995.

After which major war was the United Nations Charter established??
Answer: World War II

Founded in 1945 directly after World War II, around 50 nations met to establish the
UN as a successor to the League of Nations.
Who inspired the creation of the United Nations? Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a need for a 'trusteeship of the powerful' after the
League of Nations had failed to prevent World War II, and in 1945, the United
Nations came into being.
When was the United Nations set up? Answer: 24th October 1945

One of the main reasons for creating the United Nations was that world leaders felt
working together was the only way to prevent the tragedy of World War Two from
being repeated.

On what date was the United Nations formally established? Answer: October
24, 1945

The UN Charter was signed on 26 June 1945, and following its ratification, the UN
formally came into existence on October 24, 1945.

On June 26, 1945, the UN charter was signed at which location?: San Francisco

The UN charter was signed on this day in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the UN
Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945.

Which UN organization has a flag that contains a variation of the Athens'

Parthenon above and below the initials of the organization upon a blue
background? Answer: UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization)

UNESCO was established on the 16th November 1945 as the successor to League of
Nations' International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation. UNESCO now has
193 member states and 7 associate member states, with its headquarters in the
French capital, Paris. Possibly the best known UNESCO activity is it World Heritage
Sites register, which registers those sites around the world that are of great natural or
cultural importance.

What year were the number of seats in the security council increased from 6 to
10? Answer: 1966

The countries that served on the council in 1966 were Mali, Nigeria, Uganda, Japan,
Jordan, Argentina, Uruguay, Netherlands, New Zealand and Bulgaria. Uruguay,
Jordan and the Netherlands served previously in 1965 with Bolivia, Ivory Coast and
Malaysia.

How many members comprise the Security Council, not including the five
permanent members? Answer: 10

The Security Council consists of fifteen members total, the five permanent members
and ten rotating members. The non-permanent for 2007 are Belgium, Italy, Qatar,
Congo, Panama, Slovakia, Ghana, Peru, South Africa, and Indonesia.

In what year was UNIFIL established, to oversee the withdrawal of Israeli

troops from Lebanon? Answer: 1978

UNIFIL is the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. It was established in 1978 to
ensure the withdrawal of Israeli troops from Lebanon, and was still operative over 43
years later (2021).

Who are the five permanent members of the UN Security Council? Answer: US,
UK, Russia, France, China

The five permanent members are the only countries who can never get thrown off
the council, whereas the other members keep trading off.

At the beginning of 'Operation Iraqi Freedom', how many member nations did
the UN have? Answer: 191

The original 51 member nations has grown to 191 in 2003, representing nearly all the
countries of the world.

How many countries were represented at the first session of the United Nations
General Assembly? Answer: 51

The UN General Assembly's first session took place at the Methodist Central Hall in
London, and opened on 10 January 1946.
This was the second multi-nation organization established in the 20th century.
What is the name of the first?
Answer: League of Nations
The League of Nations was established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

Which of these European countries was NOT a founding member of the UN?
Answer: Switzerland

Switzerland was not one of the 50 founding members when the UN was founded.
Switzerland was a neutral country during WWII. On September 10, 2002, Switzerland
joined the UN after nearly 55 per cent of Swiss citizens voted in favor.

Which organization's flag contains an adult holding aloft a baby in front of a

world of latitudinal and longitudinal rings, flanked by olive branches on a blue
background?
Answer: UNICEF (United Nations Children Fund)

UNICEF (or the United Nations Children Fund) was established on the 11th December
1946, initially providing health care and food rations to those countries that had
been ravaged by the Second World War. Today, UNICEF provides long-term
humanitarian and developmental aid to mothers and children in developing
countries. The acronym UNICEF stems from the original name of the organization -
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.

Which Soviet states served in the security council even though it was not fully
independent?
Answer: Ukrainian S.S.R and Byelorussian S.S.R

Ukraine was not independent until 1991. It was one of the 51 member nations who
signed the UN Charter, but was one of the four who weren't fully independent at the
time. India, the Philippines, and the Byelorussian S.S.R were the others. The
Philippines were independent in 1946, India got its independence in 1947 and
Belarus was independent in 1991.

As of 2005, which continent was 'host' to the majority of ongoing UN

peacekeeping missions?
Answer: Africa
Of 15 ongoing missions, 7 were in Africa in 2005. Three others were in the Middle
East, three in Europe, one in the Americas (Haiti) and one in Asia (Kashmir). The
African countries concerned are Western Sahara, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Ethiopia and Eritrea, Liberia, Sudan, Burundi and Cote d'Ivoire.

How many members are on the UN Security Council at one time?

Answer: 15

The small size makes it easier to make decisions, and creates a less hectic
atmosphere.

What does the United Nations Charter call for?

Answer: To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war

The United Nations Charter, signed by 51 nations in 1945, calls on the United Nations
'to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war' and gives it the authority
to approve military action if deemed necessary.

Which institution of the UN is like a parliament of nations which meets to

consider the world's most pressing problems?
Answer: The General Assembly

The Security Council deals with keeping peace throughout the world, trying to settle
disputes peacefully, or using military measures if necessary. The Secretariat carries
out the day-to-day running of the UN. The Economic and Social Council coordinates
the work of the specialised agencies, like UNICEF.

Who was the first secretary-general of the United Nations?

Answer: Trygve Lie of Norway

The UN consists of how many original principal organs which was established
under the UN charter in 1945?
Answer: Six The six principal organs of the UN are the General Assembly, Security
Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of
Justice and UN Secretariat. One of these, the Trusteeship Council, was formally
suspended in 1994 when its purpose was regarded as fulfilled. It had been
established to oversee the administration of certain dependent territories, but when
the last of these territories became independent, the Council no longer had a role. It
cannot be dissolved without amending the UN Charter, however, so is simply
regarded as inactive.
Which organization's flag contains a white circle, representing the world,
surrounded by five messengers corresponding to the continents (Americas,
Asia, Africa, Oceania and Europe), on a blue background?
Answer: UPU (Universal Postal Union)

he Universal Postal Union was established as the General Postal Union on the 9th
October 1874 following the signing of the Treaty of Berne. The UPU now works to
ensure a flat rate to mail a letter anywhere in the world; that all postal authorities
should give equal treatment to foreign and domestic mail; and that all monies
collected for international mail should be retained by the country of origin.

Normally, the elected members of the Security Council serve two-year terms,
Which country is the exception to the rule?
Answer: Liberia

Liberia served on the Security Council only once, and that was in 1961 when it took
the place of a western European nation.

What does it mean to "table" a bill in the United Nations?

Answer: To place a bill to the side to come back to later.

When in assembly, bills come forward on the councils docket. A member can move
to "table" a bill, which places it to the side. If the majority votes in agreement of
tabling a bill, the assembly moves on to the next bill on the docket. The tabled bill
may be brought back up for voting at a later time.

Which of the following was NOT a European country with an ongoing UN

peacekeeping mission in 2005?
Answer: Bosnia

UN have been still active in the Kosovo, which is an autonomous province of Serbia,
with UNMIK. The mission in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has been ongoing since 1974, when
Turkey invaded the island and it was split into a Turkish and a Greek half. In Georgia,
United Nations have authorized an observer force (UNOMIG) in 1993 to control the
ceasefire between the Georgian government and Abkhaz authorities.

What does a preambulatory clause in a resolution state?

Answer: the problem

Although preambulatory clauses can include what others have said about a problem,
that isn't the main focus.

Which member nations are permanent members of the United Nations Security
Council?
Answer: Britain, China, France, Russia and the USA
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council can cancel any measure
with a veto. They can also abstain, to express reservations about a resolution without
blocking it. The Council has a total of 15 members, 10 are elected by the General
Assembly for two-year terms. The Presidency of the Council rotates monthly
following the alphabetical listing of the member States' names in English!

Which institution carries out the day-to-day running of the UN?

Answer: The Secretariat

The Trusteeship Council supervises countries that have recently become

independent. The International Court of Justice is known as the world court. It has
the responsibility of settling disputes between countries.

The security council consists of 15 seats, of which five are permanent. Which of
these countries does not have a permanent seat?
Answer: India

India does not have a permanent seat. The other two permanent seats belong to the
Russian Confederation and the United States.

The Security Council consists of how many permanent members?

Answer: Five

The five permanent members of the Security Council are the United States, China,
France, Russia, and the United Kingdom. They are collectively known as the P5, and
any one of them can veto a resolution. Ten additional members are elected into the
Security Council to serve two-year, non-consecutive terms, but are not afforded veto
power.

A white serpent wound around a wooden staff (the symbol of the ancient Greek
god Asclepius), in front of a map of the world, as seen from the North Pole,
extending to 40 degrees South Latitude, and flanked by two olive branches, on
a blue background is a description of the flag of which UN organization?
Answer: WHO (World Health Organization)

The ancient Greek god Asclepius was the god of medicine and healing, and his
symbol is still used as a symbol of medicine today (it is often seen on pharmacy
signs). The WHO was established on the 7th April 1948, with its headquarters in
Geneva. The organization works to provide healthcare on a global scale, with major
projects in immunization, medical education and the provision of essential drugs to
developing countries.
2007 saw one seat on the council being contested by Guatemala and Venezuela.
They were forced to withdraw and endorse a new country. What country was it?
Answer: Panama

The election began in 2006 where the representatives of Guatemala and Venezuela
both stated their intentions of acquiring a seat in the Council. The process took a
long time and time was running out because most of them were tied. In the end,
they were forced to withdraw and both endorsed Panama to get the seat in the
Council.

With what should an operative clause end?

Answer: a semicolon

The final operative clause ends with a period to signal the end of the resolution, but
otherwise it's all semicolons. (the preambulatory clauses end in commas)

Which five nations have argued that they deserve a greater say in the operation
of the Security Council?
Answer: Brazil, Germany, India, Japan and Nigeria

Brazil and India, which joined the UN in October 1945 (India as part of the British
Commonwealth prior to Independence in 1947) and Nigeria, which joined in October
1960, whose populations are far greater than those of France and Britain, have
argued that they deserve a greater say in the operation of the Security Council, as
have economic powers such as Germany whose membership of the Security Council
ends in December 2004 and Japan, who joined the UN in December 1956.

The Security Council has 15 members, 5 of which are permanent members.

Which of the following is not a permanent member?
Answer: Germany

The Russian Federation and the USA are the other two permanent members. The 10
members that are not permanent are elected every two years

The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City. It also has three main
offices in other cities in the world. Can you name one?
Answer: Geneva

Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. The United Nations also operates field stations in other
cities around the world.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is established at which location?

Answer: The Hague, Netherlands
The ICJ aka the World Court serves as the main judicial organ of the UN. The ICJ was
established in June 1945 by the Charter of the UN and began work in April 1946. The
seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). The function of
the ICJ is to settle disputes between states.

Which organization's flag is being described - A Rutherford model image

flanked by two olive branches on a blue background?
Answer: IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

The IAEA was established on the 29th July 1957 in the Austrian capital of Vienna,
promoting the peaceful use of nuclear/atomic energy, whilst inhibiting its military
use. Although the headquarters of the IAEA are located in Vienna, the agency has
two safeguard offices in Toronto, Canada and Tokyo, Japan.

What were the countries that served as the non-permanent members in the
Security Council in 1965 before the number of seats was expanded to 10?
Answer: Bolivia, Uruguay, Cote D'Ivoire, Malaysia, Jordan and the Netherlands

1965 was the last year that there were only 6 non-permanent members in the
Council.In 1966 apart from Jordan, Uruguay and the Netherlands, Mali, Uganda,
Nigeria, Japan, Argentina, New Zealand and Bulgaria joined the Council making 10
non-permanent members.

Which US President gave the United Nations its name?

Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

FDR coined the name United Nations in 1942, previously the League of Nations was
the first attempt after WWII to unite countries to try and prevent another War. It was
not until 1945 however, the United Nations offically became a recognized body.

In which mission did UN troops NOT co-operate with at least one other
regional peacekeeping organization?
Answer: United Nations Emergency Force (Palestine, 1956-1967)

Since 1993 UN peacekeeping missions have worked together with regional

organizations to bring peace to crisis regions. The co-operation is not dominated by
the UN however. Other peacekeepers have their own agendas, e.g. NATO in
Afghanistan, where UN only has a political support mission.

Reference: Quiz: United Nations Peacekeeping Missions.

47 What is the first thing you motion for in a Model UN session?
Answer: to set the agenda

Before anything else you have to determine what you're going to talk about. In a
Model UN session there are usually only two or three topics that were pre-assigned
so all you do is decide which one you want to discuss first, second, and so on.

48 In which two years has the United Nations sanctioned full-scale wars?
Answer: 1950 and 1991

Along with dozens of peacekeeping and monitoring operations, the United Nations
sanctioned both the Korean War in 1950 and the Gulf War in 1991

What do the initials UNESCO stand for?

Answer: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

ts main aim is to improve education throughout the world by building schools,

training teachers, supplying equipment and so on.

Which of these countries was not an original member in 1945?

Answer: Italy
Italy became a member in 1955.

A pair of linked anchors behind the world as seen from the North Pole to 40
degrees South Latitude, with four white concentric rings, and flanked by two
olive branches on a blue background. This is the flag of which organization?
Answer: International Maritime Organization

The International Maritime Organization was established in Geneva in 1948 as the

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization. The IMCO was later
changed in 1982 to the IMO, establishing its headquarters in London. The main role
of the IMO is to provide, develop and maintain international shipping frameworks.

Which countries will be serving on the Council for the first time in 2008?
Answer: Croatia and Vietnam

Croatia and Vietnam were both elected this year. Switzerland, East Timor,
Montenegro and Latvia have yet to be elected.

What date is United Nations Day?

Answer: October 24th
The United Nation's official recognition came on October 24th 1945. Thus reserving
this date in our history books and calendars.

Who authorizes UN peacekeeping missions?

Answer: The UN Security Council

Only the Security Council can authorize such missions, with a simple majority vote of
at least 9 pro-votes (and no Veto of one of the permanent members).

In Model UN, what do you call it when you correct a Chair or delegate's error in
parlimentary procedure?
Answer: a point of order

Usually if a Chair or another delegate makes a mistake a member of the council will
point it out to them, by raising their placard for a point of order.

In which four world areas was the United Nations undertaking peace keeping
operations in 2002?
Answer: Africa, Asia, Europe and The Middle East

In Africa the United Nations peace keepers are active in the Democratic Republic of
Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sierra Leone and Western Sahara; in Asia, they are active in
East Timor and on the India-Pakistan border; in Europe they are represented in
Cyprus, Georgia and Kosovo; and, in the Middle East, they are operating in the Golan
Heights, on the Iraq-Kuwait border and in Lebanon.

What is the name of the United Nations specialised agency which is committed
to protecting children's rights and improving the health and education of
young people?
Answer: UNICEF

It also protects children from war and exploitation and provides help in times of
crisis.

Which of these countries was an original member in 1945?

Answer: Iraq

Sweden was admitted in 1946 and Finland and Spain in 1955.

Which flag contains an interrupted gear wheel surrounding the initials of the
organization, flanked by two olive branches on a blue background?
Answer: ILO (International Labour Organization)
The ILO was established in 1919 following the First World War, and fifty years later (in
1969), the organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. From its headquarters in
Geneva, the ILO deals with global labour issues, such as child labour, forced labour
and rights at work.

Which countries hold the 5 permanent seats in the Security Council?

Answer: Russia, USA, France, People's Republic of China and UK

The Soviet Union, the USA, France and the United Kingdom were original members.
The Republic of China or Taiwan was once a member of the United Nations until it
was expelled in 1971 to make room for the People's Republic of China, claiming that
Taiwan is a province of Mainland China

In which city would you find the headquarters building of the United Nations?
Answer: New York, NY

The Big Apple hosts the UN headquarters building.

As of February 2006, which country has suffered the most fatalities in UN

peacekeeping missions?
Answer: India

India lost 115 peacekeepers in UN operations, 39 alone in the United Nations mission
in the Congo (ONUC, 1960-1964). The total number of fatalities sustained by UN
troops between 1948 and the beginning of 2006 was 2,242. Most fatalities occurred
in UNIFIL (Lebanon, 257), followed by ONUC with 250.

Which of these is a country rotated on to the UN Security Council in January

2005?
Answer: Tanzania

One of my favorite countries to represent in Model UN was Tanzania, so this

question is for my great experience that year!

Which of the following is not one of the main 'organs' of the United Nations?
Answer: Humanitarian Affairs Council

The main organs of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the International
Court of Justice, the Secretariat, the Security Council, the Economic and Social
Council and the Trusteeship Council.

In countries where there has been a war, the UN can send in soldiers to help
prevent any more violence. What do we call these soldiers?
Answer: Peacekeeping Troops

Peacekeeping troops are made up of soldiers from countries that are members of the
UN.

How many original member nations signed the charter of the United Nations
back in 1945?
Answer: 51

51 Nations signed the Charter of the United Nations, which came into force on
October 24, 1945.

A flag containing the world as seen from the North Pole to 40 degrees South
Latitude, with four white concentric rings, and flanked by two olive branches on
a blue background, adapted to contain a compass rose above, with the initials
of the organization. However, the initials of which organization does this flag
contain?
Answer: WMO (World Meterological Organization)

The WMO was established in 1950, as the successor to the International

Meteorological Organization that was established in 1873. Similarly to many UN
organizations, the headquarters of the WMO is located in the Swiss city of Geneva,
from where it deals with meteorology, hydrology and geophysical sciences. Since
1977, the WMO has also been warning the world about the possible effects of
climate change.

Which countries composed the Security Council for 2008?

Answer: Burkina Faso, Croatia, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Libya, S.Africa, Indonesia,
Panama, Belgium, Italy

The other choices were other members who served in the Council in 2000, 2004 and
2006.

In order to become a member state of the UN, a state must be recommended

by which body?
Answer: Security Council

The Security Council recommends a state for membership if it ""Membership in the

United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations
contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able
and willing to carry out these obligations." According to Article 4, Chapter 2 of the
UN Charter.
How much did UN member states spend in total on peacekeeping operations
between 1948 and 2005?
Answer: around USD 40 billion

In comparison, the same nations spent over USD 1,000 billion on arms purchases in
the year 2004 alone.

What's the difference between a moderated and unmoderated caucus in Model

UN?
Answer: one is a relaxed dicussion, the other is typically done from a podium

Although you can have a snack in an unmoderated caucus, and you can talk about
resolutions, that's not all of it. In the moderated caucus you just get to raise your
placard and discuss things relevant to the topic, with the Chair moderating the whole
thing.

Which of the following is a specialised agency of the United Nations?

Answer: World Health Organisation

The United Nations has fourteen specialised agencies coordinated by the Economic
and Social Council. Some of the best known are the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), and the World Health Organisation
(WHO).

Who became the Secretary General of the UN on January 1st 1997?

Answer: Kofi Annan

The Secretary General is the head of the Secretatiat. He co-ordinates the work of the
UN. Kofi Annan started his second term as Secretary General January 1st 2002.

A blue hand clutching at corn, flanked by olive branches on a white background

is the flag of which United Nations organization?
Answer: WFP (World Food Programme)

The WFP is the largest international food-giving organization providing food to

around 90 million people every year, the vast majority of which are children. From its
Rome headquarters, the WFP moves to eradicate malnutrition and hunger, with the
final goal of removing the necessity of food aid, with every country being able to
sustain itself in terms of food.

Ok, now that you have a recommendation for membership from the Security
Council, another council now has to review the application for membership.
which council is this?
Answer: General Assembly

The last step is the reviewing of a states application for membership by the GA. If the
GA approves the application, the state is ready to start the membership process.

What are UN peacekeeping troops popularly called?

Answer: Blue Helmets

Which of these motions is debatable?

Answer: motion to close the speakers list

If there is opposition to the motion, the opposer and the initiator of the motion each
have 30 seconds to say why they either opposed or made the motion.

What is the name of the document which sets out the main aims of the UN and
the rights and obligations of each member state?
Answer: The United Nations Charter

Each country has to sign the Charter when they become a member of the UN. The
main aims of the UN are: to keep peace throughout the world, to develop friendly
relations between nations, to work together to help get rid of poverty, disease and
illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms.

What date is United Nations' Day?

Answer: 24 October

The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the
United Nations Charter was ratified by China, France, Russia, Britain, the USA and a
majority of other signatories.

Who was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations?

Answer: Trygve Lie

Serving his term from 1946 to 1952 when he resigned, Trygve Lie led the Norwegian
delegation to the inaugural United Nations Conference in 1945.

In what year was the flag of the United Nations officially adopted?
Answer: 1946

The United Nations emblem, a map of the world centred on the North Pole with a
wreath of olive branches and five concentric circles is shown in white, centred on a
light blue background on the official flag. It was formally adopted on December 7th
1946.
A United Nations entity, UNAIDS is an acronym for what?
Answer: Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS

In February 2003 the Executive Director of UNAIDS stated that realising human rights
is fundamental to the global fight against AIDS and went on to say that action to
combat discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS or AIDS-related issues
were to be discussed in Geneva.

Where does the International Court of Justice sit?

Answer: The Hague, Netherlands

The principal judicial organ of the United Nations sits at the Peace Palace in The
Hague and began working in 1946, when it replaced the Permanent Court of
International Justice which had operated from the Peace Palace since 1922.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AI Artificial Intelligence
CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing
CEPEI Centro de Pensamiento Estratégico Internacional
CSA Central Statistics Agency
DAC Development Assistance Committee
DANE National Administrative Department of Statistics
EO Earth observation
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
G20 Group of Twenty (intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the
European Union)
G7 Group of Seven (intergovernmental forum comprising of Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan,
the United Kingdom, and the United States)
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GeoGlAM Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative
GIS Geographic Information System
GSS Ghana Statistical Service
HIC High Income Country
ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability
ICS International Continence Society
ILO International Labour Organisation
IMF International Monetary Fund
LAC Latin American Countries
LIC Low Income Country
LMIC Lower Middle Income Country
LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study
MENA Middle East/ North Africa
MRIO Multi-regional input-output
NBS National Bureau of Statistics
NGO Non Governmental Organisation
NSO National Statistic Office
ODA Official Development Assistance
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
SDG Sustainable Development Goal
SDR Sustainable Development Report
SDSN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
SIDS Small Island Developing States
STATIN Statistical Institute of Jamaica
TReNDS Thematic Research Network on Data and Statistics
UCLG United Cities and Local Governments
UHC Universal Health Coverage
UMIC Upper Middle Income Country
UN United Nations
UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
VNR Voluntary National Review
WHO World Health Organisation
Global Issues
As the world’s only truly universal global organization, the United Nations has become the
foremost forum to address issues that transcend national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any
one country acting alone.

To its initial goals of safeguarding peace, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for
international justice and promoting economic and social progress, in the seven decades since its
creation the United Nations has added on new challenges, such as AIDS, big data and climate
change.

While conflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be among its most visible efforts, the UN,
along with its specialized agencies, is also engaged in a wide array of activities to improve
people’s lives around the world – from disaster relief, through education and advancement of
women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy.

This section offers an overview of some of these issues, and links to other resources, where you
can get additional information.

Africa
The UN system plays a crucial role in coordinating assistance of all kinds — to help Africa help
itself. From promoting the development of democratic institutions, to the establishment of peace
between warring nations, the UN is present on the ground supporting economic and social
development and the promotion and protection of human rights.

Ageing

The world’s population is ageing: virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in
the number and proportion of older persons in their population. The number of older persons,
those aged 60 years or over, has increased substantially in recent years in most countries and
regions, and that growth is projected to accelerate in the coming decades.

AIDS
New HIV infections have fallen by 35% since 2000 (by 58% among children) and AIDS-related
deaths have fallen by 42% since the peak in 2004. The global response to HIV has averted 30
million new HIV infections and nearly 8 million AIDS-related deaths since 2000. The UN family
has been in the vanguard of this progress.

Atomic Energy
More than 30 countries worldwide are operating 444 nuclear reactors for electricity generation and
66 new nuclear plants are under construction. In 2014, 13 countries relied on nuclear energy to
supply at least one-quarter of their total electricity.
Big Data for Sustainable Development
The volume of data in the world is increasing exponentially. New sources of data, new
technologies, and new analytical approaches, if applied responsibly, can allow to better monitor
progress toward achievement of the SDGs in a way that is both inclusive and fair.
Child and Youth Safety Online

Rising Internet connectivity has the potential to transform children and young people’s lives for
the better, but also makes them vulnerable to sexual abuse, cyberbullying, and other risks. The UN
is actively working to protect children and youth online through various programmes and
initiatives.

Children

Every child has the right to health, education and protection, and every society has a stake in
expanding children’s opportunities in life. Yet, around the world, millions of children are denied a
fair chance for no reason other than the country, gender or circumstances into which they are born.

Climate Change

Climate change is one of the major challenges of our time. From shifting weather patterns that
threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the
impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale.

Decolonization

The wave of decolonization, which changed the face of the planet, was born with the UN and
represents the world body’s first great success. As a result of decolonization many countries
became independent and joined the UN.

Democracy

Democracy is a universally recognized ideal and is one of the core values and principles of the
United Nations. Democracy provides an environment for the protection and effective realization of
human rights.

Disarmament
Since the birth of the United Nations, the goals of multilateral disarmament and arms limitation
have been central to the Organization’s efforts to maintain international peace and security.
Ending Poverty
While pre-pandemic global poverty rates had been cut by more than half since 2000, the COVID-
19 pandemic could increase global poverty by as much as half a billion people, or 8% of the total
human population.
Food
The world is not on track to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2, Zero Hunger by 2030. The
food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate
further due to the health and socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gender Equality

Women and girls represent half of the world’s population and, therefore, also half of its potential.
Gender equality, besides being a fundamental human right, is essential to achieve peaceful
societies, with full human potential and sustainable development.
Health
The United Nations, since its inception, has been actively involved in promoting and protecting
good health worldwide. Leading that effort within the UN system is the World Health
Organization (WHO), whose constitution came into force on 7 April 1948.

Human Rights

Promoting respect for human rights is a core purpose of the United Nations and defines its identity
as an organization for people around the world. Member States have mandated the Secretary-
General and the UN System to help them achieve the standards set out in the UN Charter and
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

International Law and Justice

The UN continues to promote justice and international law across its three pillars of work:
international peace and security, economic and social progress and development, and respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms.

International migration
Since the earliest times, humanity has been on the move. Today, more people than ever before live
in a country other than the one in which they were born.

Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Life itself arose from the oceans. The ocean is vast, some 72 per cent of the earth's surface. Not
only has the oceans always been a prime source of nourishment for the life it helped generate, but
from earliest recorded history it has served for trade and commerce, adventure and discovery.

Peace and Security

Saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war was the main motivation for creating the
United Nations, whose founders lived through the devastation of two world wars.

Population

In 1950, five years after the founding of the United Nations, world population was estimated at
around 2.6 billion people. It reached 5 billion in 1987 and 6 in 1999. In October 2011, the global
population was estimated to be 7 billion.

Refugees

There were 89.3 million people forcibly displaced world-wide at the end of 2021. Among those
were 27.1 million refugees, half under the age of 18 (21.3 million refugees under UNHCR's
mandate, and 5.8 million Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate).
Water

Fresh water sustains human life and is vital for human health. There is enough fresh water for
everyone on Earth. However, due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, millions of people
(most of them children) die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and
hygiene.

Youth

As youth are increasingly demanding more just, equitable and progressive opportunities and
solutions in their societies, the need to address the multifaceted challenges faced by young people
(such as access to education, health, employment and gender equality) have become more pressing
than ever.