1/

Writing Task

Answer the essay question.

[A] Life is difficult in some big cities. There often aren't enough jobs. Big
cities are crowded, the air can be dirty, and there is crime. But life in
some big cities isn't so terrible. Some big cities are livable. A livable city
is an easy place to live. San Francisco is one example.

[B] San Francisco is a "small" big city. A small big city is large in
population but small in area. There are 744,230 people in San
Francisco, and the city is 49 square miles, so there are about 17,000
people per square mile. This is a high population density. (In the United
States, only New York City has a larger population density.) But San
Francisco doesn't feel crowded. It has water on three sides. The San
Francisco Bay is on the east and north sides, and the Pacific Ocean is
on the west side. This makes the city feel open and not crowded.

[C] Also, San Francisco is a city of hills. There are 42 hills in San
Francisco. A hill is land with a height of over 100 feet (30 meters). Some
hills are in neighborhoods; others are in parks. Many of San Francisco's
hills have wonderful views. From some hills, there are views of tall
downtown buildings. From others, there are beautiful views of the water.

[D] San Francisco is also a city of neighborhoods. Each neighborhood is

different from the others. One neighborhood is North Beach. North
Beach is an old Italian neighborhood. It has Italian grocery stores,
restaurants, and beautiful churches. Another San Francisco
neighborhood is Chinatown. In Chinatown, there are many Chinese
businesses. There are even pagodas. Pagodas are traditional Chinese
buildings. Another neighborhood, the Inner Sunset, has people from
many different places: Chinese, Koreans, and Pacific Islanders.
Interesting neighborhoods, hills, and views of water all make San
Francisco a livable city.

Think about what you've learned about neighborhoods and campuses in

this chapter, and about what you already know. Write a paragraph about
your neighborhood or your campus. Your paragraph should be between
100 and 150 words.

I reside in a vibrant and diverse neighborhood that evokes a strong

 sense of community. My locality is nestled between busy streets and
serene parks, offering a unique blend of cultural experiences. Each
block has a different story to tell, with various shops, restaurants, and
landmarks contributing to its distinct charm. Our community is tightly knit
and promotes a friendly atmosphere where neighbors know each other
by name. Our local park serves as a center point for gatherings and
events, enhancing the sense of unity among residents. Moreover, our
neighborhood embraces cultural diversity, with a mix of traditions and
backgrounds creating a rich tapestry of experiences. From the bustling
weekend market to the variety of international cuisines, my
neighborhood encapsulates the essence of a harmonious and engaging
living space, making it a place I am proud to call home.

I stay in a colorful and varying residential area that has a strong

sense of community. My locality is smacked between busy streets
and calm parks thus it experiences a mixture of cultural scenes. A
variety of stores, restaurants, and points of interest give each street
a unique flavor. It is a tightly bonded community where people are
even known by their names while the park serves as its core for get-
togethers and happenings. Besides, my neighborhood appreciates
diversity by blending traditions and nationalities which make it an
interesting place to live. There is no better way to describe my
neighborhood than starting from a crowded weekend market to
various international cuisines offered there - this makes it an exciting
place to stay harmoniously together with others.
2/ Eating a well-balanced and nutritious diet is essential for good health. One
crucial element of such a diet is regular consumption of a variety of vegetables.
Vegetables are rich in vitamins and phytochemicals, which play a pivotal role in
maintaining overall health and preventing conditions like cancer, heart disease,
and diabetes. To ensure a diverse range of nutrients, it is advisable to include
vegetables of different colors in one's daily diet - red, green, orange, purple, and
white. Experts recommend consuming at least five servings of vegetables per
day to enhance overall well-being. There are many creative ways to incorporate
vegetables into meals, such as exploring colorful cuisines like Chinese or
Italian. This can inspire innovative ways to prepare and enjoy vegetables,
making the journey towards good health both delicious and culturally enriching.
Writing Task

A good diet contains all the necessary nutrients for healthy living.
One key component of such a diet is regular consumption of
different fruits. Vegetables are great sources of vitamins and
phytochemicals which are essential for maintaining a healthy body
as well as protecting ourselves from diseases like cancer, heart
problems, and diabetes for that matter. For example, including
various colors of vegetables in a person’s daily food menu will ensure
that he or she gets enough nutrients – red, green, orange, purple and
white. It is important to consume five portions of vegetables every
day for better health. There are several ways of including vegetables
in meals; for instance, one can try out different cuisines like Chinese
or Italian dishes that come with vibrant colors. This will present new
ideas on how to cook vegetables as well as helping the transition to
healthier lifestyles through tasty meals with cultural nuances.

Answer the essay question.

[A] Shopping is more than buying things. For many people, it's also
entertainment and socializing. And shopping malls offer (give) the best
opportunities for these activities.
[B] Shopping malls are not new. Bazaars were ancient—very old—types of
shopping malls. There were bazaars in many parts of the ancient world. For
example, the Tehran Grand Bazaar in Iran is hundreds of years old.

[C] One of the first modern shopping malls was the Southdale Center in
Edina, Minnesota. The Southdale Center was the first enclosed—covered
—mall. Victor Gruen, an Austrian-American architect (a designer of
buildings) designed the mall. The design included displays of art, a
birdcage with 50 colorful birds, and fountains. The Dayton Company built it
in 1956. The Southdale Mall was the model (example) for most enclosed
malls today. According to writer Malcolm Gladwell, Gruen might be the
most important architect of the 20th century. As Gladwell says, "He
invented the mall."

[D] One of the biggest shopping malls in the world today is the West
Edmonton Mall, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The West Edmonton Mall is
an enclosed mall. It is 493,000 square meters (5.3 million square feet) in
size. It has over 800 shops and services such as dentist and doctors'
offices. It has over 100 restaurants and 21 movie theaters. It has a chapel
(a small church), a casino (a place to play games to win money), and
20,000 parking spaces.

[E] Today, there is a race to build the biggest mall in the world. Already
there are many "megamalls"—very large shopping malls. There are
megamalls in the United Arab Emirates, China, and Malaysia.

[F] Many people shop online, but malls offer a different experience. As one
person said in a survey of shoppers, "I like to walk around, go to different
stores, compare prices, and talk to people. I can't do that online."

1 Think about what you've learned about shopping and e-commerce in this
. chapter, and about what you already know. Write a paragraph about the
way you like to shop the best: online or at "real" stores. Your paragraph
should be between 100 and 150 words.
3/
Writing Task

Answer the essay question.

[A] Families everywhere are changing. In the past, many generations lived
together in extended families. Grandparents lived with their children and
their grandchildren. Grandparents often had important jobs in the family; for
example, they helped to raise the children. In an extended family, everyone
learned from the other generations. Grandchildren learned about the past
from their grandparents, and grandparents learned about new ideas from
their grandchildren.

[B] Now in many parts of the world, the nuclear family is more common,
and grandparents often live far from the younger generations. The result is
that many younger people do not have a chance to talk to older people and
do things with them. Many people think that this is a problem. But there is
an answer to the problem: intergenerational programs. In the United States,
intergenerational programs help to get the generations back together again.

[C] There are many types of intergenerational programs, and they do more
than just get people from different generations together. They also help to
solve some important social problems. One type of program is
intergenerational child care. These are child care programs at senior
centers. Seniors—older adults—take care of young children while parents
are at work. These programs are good for both generations. For example,
the children can learn skills from the past such as sewing and working with
wood. The seniors can do an important job, earn money, and learn about
the younger generation. In other types of programs, seniors work in
schools. They help young students with reading and math.

[D] Intergenerational programs aren't just for young children. There are
many programs for college students, too. In one, college students give
language tutoring to older immigrants. In another program, college students
take care of very ill seniors. This gives the seniors' families a chance to rest
and do other things for a short while.

[E] Even though families are changing, people are finding ways to stay
connected. Intergenerational programs are one way to do this.

1 Think about what you've learned about friends and families in this chapter,
. and about what you already know. Write a paragraph about your favorite
way to stay connected with friends and family. Your paragraph should be
between 100 and 150 words.
Staying connected with loved ones is crucial in today's rapidly evolving world.
Although the traditional extended family structure may not be as prevalent as it
once was, I still prefer to maintain close relationships by organizing frequent
family gatherings. These events provide a platform for different generations to
share their stories and experiences, just like in the old days. Whether we are
celebrating a special occasion or simply spending time together on a weekend,
the warmth of family ties makes me feel connected and part of something
special. Moreover, technology has made it easier for me to stay in touch with
my friends. With video calls and group chats, distance is no longer a barrier to
staying connected. Despite the changes in family structures, making an effort to
connect with our loved ones helps to maintain a sense of togetherness, and
fosters unity and understanding across generations.
In life today, keeping up with our loved ones is of vital importance.
Even if the traditional extended family structure has lost its
prominence, I would still prefer to keep strong relationships by
organizing frequent family meetings. These events are means by
which different generations share stories and experiences as it was
before. I feel like I’m part of something more significant when
spending a special occasion or even just a weekend together
because the warmth of family binds me to it. There have been
changes in the way families are organized, but we should make an
effort to connect with those we love. This helps in maintaining a
sense of being together as well as promoting oneness and
understanding among all people.
4/
Writing Task

Answer the essay question.

[A] Did your mother say, "Eat your vegetables"? Some people don't like
vegetables. They think that vegetables don't taste good. They think that
vegetables look funny. And they don't know how to cook vegetables. But
your mother was right: You should eat your vegetables! Scientific research
shows this: Eating a lot of vegetables is important for good health.
Vegetables have vitamins and phytochemicals. These help your body stay
healthy. In fact, they fight many diseases such as cancer, heart disease,
and diabetes.

[B] Since you need to eat your vegetables, where do you start? Experts
say that you should eat a variety—many different types—of vegetables.
Look at the color. Different colored vegetables have different benefits,
things that are good for you. Choose a variety of different colors every day
—red, green, orange, purple, and even white vegetables. Dr. DiSogra of
the National Cancer Institute says, "If you eat vegetables from each color
group, you will get a variety of phytochemicals and vitamins."

[C] Now, how much should you eat? Five servings a day is the minimum—
the smallest amount to eat—according to experts. Very active people, such
as athletes, need more. A serving is usually one half of a cup, or 120
grams. And it's O.K. to eat fresh, frozen, or canned vegetables—
just eat them!

[D] What is the best way to cook vegetables? Vegetables are an important
part of many cultures, so look at ethnic cookbooks, books with cooking
ideas from different cultures. This is a good way to learn to make your
vegetables more interesting. Chinese and Italian cuisines (styles of
cooking) use a lot of vegetables and have many delicious ways to cook
them. So do many other traditional cuisines. Mix dark green, leafy
vegetables with hot red peppers and anchovies (tiny fish)! Cook orange
and yellow peppers with purple garlic! Mix your colors and your ingredients
and stay healthy.

1 Think about what you've learned about health in this chapter, and about what
. you already know. Write a paragraph about things that you should do to have
good health. Your paragraph should be between 100 and 150 words.
Staying healthy is very important to all of us. If you want to have good
health, you should follow these tips. Firstly, we should have a reasonable
diet. For example, we should eat more nutritious food instead of smoking or
consuming alcoholic drinks. This is very important because what we eat
highly affects our health. Additionally, we can do exercise every morning
such as walking, jogging, riding a bicycle, etc. to keep fit. This helps us to
have a well-proportioned body and stay in good spirits. Finally, sleeping is
also very important, so we must get enough sleep. If we sleep enough, we
will be high-spirited. We should not stay up late because it is harmful to our
health. In short, we just need to try our best to take care of ourselves. I
think these tips are essential to staying healthy. I hope they will help you to
have a better lifestyle.
5 In my classroom, I have noticed that there are some differences in the way
that boys and girls bear. During group conversations, it seems like the boys tend
to speak up more, and they frequently intrude other people. On the other hand,
the girls tend to take turns and stay for their chance to speak. When it comes to
body language, the boys tend to spread out further and take up more space with
their arms and legs. The girls, on the other hand, tend to sit with their arms and
legs crossed, taking up less space. Eventually, when it comes to socializing, it
seems like the boys tend to form larger groups and engage in more competitive
conditioning, while the girls form lower, more intimate groups and engage in
further collaborative conditioning. It's important to understand that these
differences in geste can be told by numerous factors, similar as societal morals
and natural factors. To produce a further inclusive and harmonious literacy
terrain, it's important to fete and admire these differences.
6/
Night I had a dream that completely immersed me in the world of fashion
design. I felt a desire to create cutting edge clothing. When I walked into a
workspace filled with fabrics, sketches and mannequins I couldn't help but feel
an overwhelming sense of excitement. Every stroke of my pencil and every
decision, about colors and materials was driven by my creativity and expertise.
It was such a moment envisioning influential people confidently strutting down
runways over the world wearing my designs. However as my dream progressed
a hint of uneasiness crept in. As I woke up traces of inspiration. Reminded me
of the possibilities offered by my creativity. But then reality hit me; it was a
dream. There were obstacles preventing me from pursuing this path in real life.
Nevertheless this dream served as a wake up call that I need to prioritize my
passions, for happiness and freedom. It became clear that taking time for myself
is important.
7/ Video calls have become a tool, for staying connected with my ones. The
hustle and bustle of life can sometimes create distance between us but thanks to
technology we can maintain relationships. What I truly value about video calls
is how convenient they are, for engaging with family and friends no matter
where they are. Whether we're enjoying a virtual coffee chat sharing stories or
simply offering words of encouragement these calls bridge the gap and nurture
connections. Through these conversations we can exchange laughter provide
support in times and celebrate each others achievements. Seeing their faces on
my screen brings a sense of closeness and familiarity that warms my heart. Our
bonds remain unbreakable despite the distance that separates us a reminder that
no matter where we are located we can always share lifes precious moments
together.

I've observed in my classroom that boys and girls bear things differently in
some cases. The boys appear to speak up more during group discussions and to
interrupt others more frequently. Conversely, the girls usually wait for their turn
to speak and take turns speaking. The boys have a tendency to spread out more
and occupy more space with their arms and legs when it comes to body
language. In contrast, the girls typically take up less space when they sit with
their arms and legs crossed. Eventually, it appears that the boys gravitate toward
more competitive conditioning and the formation of larger social groups. In the
meantime, the girls participate in additional cooperative conditioning and
establish smaller, more private groups. It's critical to realize that a variety of
factors, including both natural and cultural norms, can contribute to these
variations in gesticulation. It's critical to celebrate and value these differences in
order to create a more harmonious and inclusive literacy landscape.