JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

FACULTY OF LAW

SOCIOLOGY- II
PROJECT ON:
“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS
IMPORTANCE”

SUBMITTED BY:
PROF. DR. RASHEED CA SUBMITTED BY:
AQSA KALAM
B.A.L.L.B [HONS]
II SEMESTER [SELF FINANCE]
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Prof. Rasheed CA (Faculty

of Sociology) who gave me this golden opportunity to work on this valuable and
important project on “Contribution of Herbert Spencer in the Field of Sociology”.
He guided me in doing a lot of research through which I came to know about many
new things and experiences. Indeed, I am very grateful for his continuance support
and guidance for the successful completion of this important assignment.

I also extend my thanks to my family and friends who motivated and supported me
to complete my project within the limited time frame. It is worth mentioning that
this assignment has significantly increased my knowledge and skills.
 CONTENTS
MEANING.............................................................................................................................................. 4
The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world: ........................................ 5
GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 6
1. ERADICATION OF POVERTY ACROSS THE WORLD ........................................................... 6
2. PROMOTION OF GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING .......................................................... 7
3. PROVISION FOE QUALITY EDUCATION FOR ALL .............................................................. 7
4. PROVISION OF CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION ............................................................. 7
5. BUILDING UP STRONG INFRASTRUCTURE, SUPPORTING INCLUSIVE AND
INCUBATING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRALISATION ............................ 7
6. UNABILING ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY ........................................ 8
7. ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY ............................................................................................ 8
HOW CAN WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE? ................................................................................................ 9
WHAT STOP SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM HAPPENING ........................................... 9
IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................... 10
1. PROVIDE ESSENTIAL HUMAN NEED ................................................................................... 10
2. AGRICULTURAL REQUIREMENT .......................................................................................... 10
3. MANAGE CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................................. 10
4. FINANCIAL STABILITY ........................................................................................................... 11
5. SUSTAIN BIODIVERSITY ......................................................................................................... 11
EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................... 11
WIND ENERGY .............................................................................................................................. 11
SOLAR ENERGY ............................................................................................................................ 12
GREEN SPACE ................................................................................................................................ 12
CROP ROTATION ........................................................................................................................... 12
UNDERSTANDING REGULATIONS AND INCENTIVES ............................................................. 13
CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 13
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 14
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

MEANING
All systems and societies develop naturally. However, in this era, the development is going
with a breakneck speed, All thanks to the advancement in technology. The problem is that
everyone does not consider the disadvantages that come along with unbalanced economic
growth as well as impacts on the environment and people’s well-being. Now, it’s time that
people should start to change their perspective about unbalanced economic growth and
development. By viewing the world in a different way. People can achieve this by setting
sustainable development goals.

Sustainable development is the practice of using guidelines and instructions for

environmentally responsible and energy saving new projects of development and retrofit older
projects. It can include using green materials in new construction, designing projects that can
harvest their own energy to reduce the load on a power grid, or that incorporate green space to
counterbalance the green space removed to build the onsite facilities1.

Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals
while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources
and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state
of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue to meet human needs
without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development
can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs Manageable advancement includes
fulfilling the requirements of the current populace without jeopardizing the ability of things to
come populace to fulfill its own necessities. It's tied in with improving the prosperity of

1 UN General Assembly, Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (New York: UN, 2015).
everybody any place they are and accomplishing this achievement all things considered.
Feasible improvement likewise burrows further.

This implies we need organizations to extend, individuals to have the best positions, everybody
to manage the cost of nutritious food sources any place they live, quality and reasonable
instruction for everybody, the right to speak freely of discourse without savagery, and our
economies to develop dramatically. We need to foster imaginative innovations while protecting
the climate. Supportable improvement isn't just about the climate. Its center is a lot more
extensive than that. It's tied in with meeting the assorted necessities of individuals in various
networks, social attachment, setting out equivalent freedom to guarantee a solid and sound
society. Feasible advancement additionally centers around discovering better methods of
getting things done without influencing the nature of our life.

There are 3 parts of reasonable turn of events – monetary development, ecological stewardship,
and social incorporation. Nations are perceiving the significance of saving normal assets,
individuals are changing to cycling as opposed to driving that will improve their wellbeing,
ranchers are rehearsing environment brilliant agribusiness and ventures are acknowledging
regarding the amount they can save through energy proficiency2.

Understanding the economic turn of events and its objectives is the initial step to realizing how
we can deal with it going. There are numerous drives effectively set up, yet at the same time
numerous road obstructions to practical improvement that must be survived.

The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world3:

1: No Poverty
2: Zero Hunger
3: Good Health and Well-being
4: Quality Education
5: Gender Equality
6: Clean Water and Sanitation
7: Affordable and Clean Energy
8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

2 ‘Sustainable Development: Critical Issues’, Policy Brief, (September 2001)

3
United Nations, The Future We Want, A/Res/66/288, September 11, 2012.
10: Reduced Inequality
11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
12: Responsible Consumption and Production
13: Climate Action
14: Life Below Water
15: Life on Land
16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal

GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

There are three essential objectives of feasible turn of events:

(i) To limit the exhaustion of common assets while making new turns of events.

(ii) To make an improvement that can be kept up and supported without making further
mischief the climate.

(iii) To give strategies to retrofit existing improvements to make them harmless to the
ecosystem offices and activities.

Worldwide associations like the United Nations, NGOs, help associations and even
governments are progressively supporting endeavors to guarantee manageable improvement of
sustainable development objectives are acknowledged for each person in all cases. Some other
most significant supportable advancement objectives set by these bodies include4:

1. ERADICATION OF POVERTY ACROSS THE WORLD

These associations fundamentally center around the most un-created and low-pay nations
where neediness is overflowing. They expect to annihilate destitution no matter how you look
at it by growing social security programs like school taking care of, cash moves, directed food
help, social protection, and work market projects, for example, ability preparing, advanced age
annuities, wage sponsorships, joblessness protection, handicap benefits, etc.

4
Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/owg
2. PROMOTION OF GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING
This sustainable development goal seeks to ensure good health and well-being for all at each
stage of life. The goal considers all the main health priorities such as maternal and child health,
reproductive health, environmental, communicable, and non-communicable diseases, universal
health coverage, and access to quality, safe, effective, and affordable vaccines and medicines.
It also advocates for enhanced health financing, increased research, and development,
strengthening the capacity of every country engaged in health risk prevention and management.

3. PROVISION FOE QUALITY EDUCATION FOR ALL

These bodies have realized that the level of child school dropout is at an all-time high. This
gap must be closed to ensure sustainable future development even as international communities
work to ensure quality and equity in the education sector. In a nutshell, this goal seeks to ensure
equitable and inclusive quality education and promotion of long-life learning opportunities.

4. PROVISION OF CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Water and stations are on top of the graph with respect to economical turn of events. They are
basic to the endurance of people and the planet. This objective plan to address perspectives
identifying with disinfection, cleanliness, drinking water and the quality and manageability of
water assets across the globe5.

5. BUILDING UP STRONG INFRASTRUCTURE, SUPPORTING INCLUSIVE

AND INCUBATING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE
INDUSTRALISATION
This objective considers three parts of economical turn of events: industrialization, framework,
and advancement. Foundation is crucial on the grounds that it offers the essential structure
important to smooth the running of big business and society on the loose. Industrialization
drives up monetary turn of events, yields open positions, henceforth, decreasing degrees of

5
Ibid.
neediness. Advancement improves the mechanical capacities of modern areas and triggers the
advancement of creative abilities.

6. UNABILING ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

Energy is the most critical resource to achieving most of the sustainable development goals.
Energy plays a vital role in mitigating poverty through advancements in industrialization,
education, water supply and health and fighting climate change.

This sustainable development goal focuses on developing and expanding renewable energy
resources such as sun, wind, hydropower, liquid and solid biofuels, biogas and geothermal.
These renewable sources of energy don’t emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and
therefore are ideal for the environment and human health. Energy is the most critical resource
to achieving most of the sustainable development goals. Energy plays a vital role in mitigating
poverty through advancements in industrialization, education, water supply and health and
fighting climate change6.

This sustainable development goal focuses on developing and expanding renewable energy
resources such as sun, wind, hydropower, liquid and solid biofuels, biogas and geothermal.
These renewable sources of energy don’t emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and
therefore are ideal for the environment and human health.

7. ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY

In the previous few decades, sexual orientation uniformity and ladies strengthening have been
plans for most governments for long haul economical turn of events. Admittance to instruction
for young ladies has since improved, the level of youngster marriage has dove, and gigantic
jumps have been taken in sexual and conceptive wellbeing and rights like the emotional
decrease in maternal wellbeing.

Although there is as yet far to go to arrive at this achievement, associations are utilizing each
ounce of their energy and tossing in assets to guarantee the fantasy is figured it out. There are
other reasonable advancement objectives set by these bodies including nice positions and
financial development, practical urban areas and networks, preservation of ocean, sea and

6
Ibid.
marine assets, fighting environmental change, economical utilization and creation examples
and significantly more.

HOW CAN WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE?

To make sustainable development, we need to change the vision of the way of life of every
country. To change the vision of the way of life two things need to happen. The way of life
should esteem a worldwide advantage more than a nearby one. An obligation towards giving
and supporting assets to the future should be of more worth than benefit.

Both are extremely difficult to do in light of the fact that it requires a component of benevolence
to be embraced by current society. The worth of things to come is something that isn't held in
high regard with regards to making a benefit, or to living with comfort. The overall self-focal
point of every age is reasonable, however as history has appeared in different regions – it very
well may be extended to incorporate an awareness of certain expectations towards fates obscure
that will consider various decisions to be made in the present.

WHAT STOP SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM HAPPENING

There are two significant issues that keep maintainable improvement from occurring.

The first is that for some parts of advancement, utilizing feasible strategies and materials is
costly. While the drawn-out cost of maintainability ends up being more affordable than
customary turn of events, the formation of a feasible task might be undeniably more costly in
the primary stage. The subsequent significant issue is that there is certainly not a by and large
acknowledged requirement for a reasonable turn of events. This is a training issue that may
require numerous years to determine7.

Workers for hire and financial backers can't see the significance of reasonable ventures when
they cost more to start. At the point when the objective is to bring in cash for the time being, it
tends to be exceptionally hard to create a drawn-out vision that is needed to comprehend the
significance of maintainability. Towards this end, there are greater unofficial laws and
motivating force programs that have been instituted to make economical advancement a more
alluring choice for program and task chiefs.

7
Our Common Future
 IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Manageable advancement is a hard subject to make sure about on the grounds that it comprises
of a wide scope of things. Because of the detail and intricacy of this subject, it's ideal to look
at its significance comprehensively to have the option to get a handle on it without any problem.
The populace is the primary factor driving up practical improvement crusades. Thus, the
significance of feasible improvement can be seen from this viewpoint8:

1. PROVIDE ESSENTIAL HUMAN NEED

The explosion of population means people will have to scramble for the limited life essentials
like food, shelter, and water. Adequate provision of these basic needs almost entirely hinges
on infrastructure capable of sustaining them for a long time. If governments insist on utilizing
fossil fuel-based sources of energy instead of renewable and sustainable options, the cost and
environmental effects of supplying these basic needs would become a tall order.

2. AGRICULTURAL REQUIREMENT
A developing populace implies agribusiness should get up to speed. Discovering approaches
to take care of beyond 3 billion individuals can be faltering. In the event that a similar
impractical development, planting, water system, splashing, and reaping procedures are used
later on, they may end up being monetarily troubling considering petroleum product assets are
projected to run out. Supportable advancement centers around manageable agrarian strategies,
for example, successful cultivating methods and harvest turn to advance exceptional returns
while keeping up the trustworthiness of the dirt, which produces nourishment for an enormous
populace.

3. MANAGE CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change can be mitigated by sustainable development practices. Sustainable
development practices seek to reduce the use of fossil-based sources of fuel like oil, natural
gas, and coal. Fossil fuel sources of energy are unsustainable since they will deplete in the
future and are responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases.

8
‘Learning and Skills for Sustainable Development: Developing a sustainability literate Society’, Higher Education
Partnership for Sustainability, (2004)
4. FINANCIAL STABILITY
Sustainable development rehearses can make all the more monetarily maintainable economies
across the globe. Non-industrial nations that can't get petroleum products can use inexhaustible
types of energy to control their economies. From the advancement of environmentally friendly
power innovations, these nations can make maintainable positions instead of limited positions
dependent on non-renewable energy source advances.

5. SUSTAIN BIODIVERSITY
Impractical turn of sustainable development and overconsumption rehearses significantly sway
biodiversity. The existence of the environment is planned so that species rely upon each other
for endurance. For example, plants produce oxygen that people need to breath. People breathe
out carbon dioxide that plants need for development and creation. Unreasonable improvement
rehearses like discharge of nursery gasses in the climate slaughter many plant species bringing
about the decrease of environmental oxygen.

This isn't useful for people. Maintainable improvement rehearses support the utilization of
sustainable power assets and natural cultivating rehearses that don't discharge any ozone
harming substance to the climate.

EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

WIND ENERGY
Wind energy will be energy saddled from the movement of wind utilizing wind turbines or
windmills. Wind energy is inexhaustible, which implies it's ceaseless and can be utilized to
substitute energy at the network. This makes it a decent manageable improvement practice9.

9
Our Common Future, World Commission on Environment and Development
SOLAR ENERGY
This is energy tackled from the sun utilizing sun powered boards. It's beneficial since it's totally
free and its inventory is endless. These variables make it useful to shoppers and useful for
Mother Nature since it doesn't add to the discharge of nursery gases.

GREEN SPACE
Green spaces are areas where plants and creatures are left to prosper. Stops additionally fall
into the class of green spaces. Green spaces give individuals an exceptional chance to enjoy
outside entertainment, all the more so in enormous urban areas, where resting space is rare.
Green spaces additionally help direct environment and nature of air, protect waterways and
streams from contaminated spillover and bring down energy utilization by managing the
warming effects of cleared surfaces.

CROP ROTATION
crop rotation is advantageous from various perspectives; above all, it's sans synthetic. This
implies utilizing this cultivating practice keeps up the trustworthiness of your dirt, making it
an economical advancement practice.

Over the long haul, there will be no discussion about supporting turn of events. Reasonable
advancement has demonstrated us to be cleaner, conceivably more proficient, and is the best
way to develop our economies without affecting human wellbeing and the climate. Because
world governments are putting more accentuation on maintainable turn of events, more
individuals today are moving towards inexhaustible wellsprings of energy like sunlight based,
wind, hydropower and geothermal.

As more individuals join this fleeting trend, much more of the assets will be required, and this
will mean quicker exhaustion of assets. With time practical improvement won't be a possibility
for people needing to carry on with a sound life and way of life decisions.
 UNDERSTANDING REGULATIONS AND INCENTIVES
There is an undeniable need for a change to the guidelines and motivators that administer
improvement to make manageable advancement the better alternative to pick. It isn't
conceivable to order maintainable improvement since it could upset tasks that are fundamental
for the benefit of all by making them exorbitant to make. Nonetheless, by utilizing different
tax breaks and motivating force programs allotted to various degrees of supportability in an
improvement program, even more a task can meet the prerequisites of manageability. This is
an action towards making the decision of entire practical turn of events, however it likewise
considers the truth of the expense of execution while conveying choices that will not hinder
progress.

CONCLUSION
It isn't yet clear what our sustainable future will resemble. However, with arising advancements
and the improvement of more seasoned cleaner fuel sources, numerous individuals presently
look to a post petroleum derivative world - including organizations. Since the 1950s, we have
encountered exceptional developments including concentrated cultivating, an innovative upset,
and a gigantic expansion in our force needs (13, p2) putting much more noteworthy pressing
factor and strain in the world's assets. We are additionally undeniably more mindful of the
situation of the creating scene and that confronting our planet as we presently notice both
normal and human-caused calamities and the impacts that these can have on the biological
systems and on human populace. It's essential that we grow new, cleaner advances to adapt to
our energy requests, yet supportability isn't just about the climate.

The greatest social activism development identified with the social improvement side of
supportability, has been projects, for example, Fair Trade and the Rainforest Alliance in
empowering great cultivating rehearses while guaranteeing ranchers who produce
extravagance products, for example, espresso and cocoa get a good living compensation (14).
Dissident and manageability experts desire to eliminate exchange boundaries in the future so
they may profit everybody, adding to the monetary and social advancement center of
supportability while advancing great natural practices.
REFERENCES

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goals.php
❖ http://egyankosh.ac.in//handle/123456789/27060
❖ UNDP, 2003. Human Development Report. Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
❖ Vornholz, G The sustainable development approaches. Intereconomics 29, 194–198
(1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02926438

❖ Cheever, Federico and Campbell-Mohn, Celia I. "Environmental law". Encyclopaedia

Britannica, 19 Sep. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/topic/environmental-law.
Accessed 10 June 2021.